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STUDENT DECLARATION 2: PUBLICATIONS Publication 1: Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., Miller, R.M., Van Staden, J., 1999. Pollination of seven Plectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) in southern Natal, South Africa. Plant Systematics and Evolution 218, 99–112. All field work and write-up was done by C. Potgieter, with assistance from Prof. T. Edwards (discussions and editing), Dr R. Miller (Diptera identification) and Prof. J. van Staden (discussions and editing). Publication 2: Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., 2001. The occurrence of long, narrow corolla tubes in southern African Lamiaceae. Systematics and Geography of Plants 71, 493– 502. All field work and write-up was done by C. Potgieter, with assistance from Prof. T. Edwards (discussions and editing). Publication 3: Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., 2005. The Stenobasipteron wiedemanni (Diptera, Nemestrinidae) pollination guild in eastern southern Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92: 254–267. All field work and write-up was done by C. Potgieter, with assistance from Prof. T. Edwards (discussions and editing). Publication 4: Viljoen, A.M., Demirci, B., Baser, K.H.C., Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., 2006. Microdistillation and essential oil chemistry - a useful tool for detecting hybridisation in Plectranthus (Lamiaceae). South African Journal of Botany 72, 99–104. All field work and sample collection in South Africa was done by C. Potgieter; the idea of analyzing hybrids was put forward by C. Potgieter and Prof. T. Edwards. The laboratory-based work and analysis was arranged and executed by Prof. A Viljoen, in collaboration with Dr B. Demirci and Dr K. Baser (in Turkey). Publication 5: Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., Van Staden, J., 2009. Pollination of Plectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) with sigmoid flowers in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 75: 646–659. All field work and write-up was done by C. Potgieter, with assistance from Prof. T. Edwards (discussions and editing) and Prof. J. van Staden (discussions and editing). Signed at Pietermaritzburg on the ………..…. day of ………………………………, 2009. __________________________ SIGNATURE iv
DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR We hereby declare that we acted as Supervisors for this MSc / PhD student: Student’s Full Name: Christina Johanna Potgieter Student Number: 902409960 Thesis Title: Pollination of Plectranthus L’Hér. (Lamiaceae) along the Eastern seaboard of southern Africa Regular consultation took place between the student and ourselves throughout the investigation. We advised the student to the best of our ability and approved the final document for submission to the Faculty of Science and Agriculture Higher Degrees Office for examination by the University appointed Examiners. __________________________ SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR T.J. EDWARDS __________________________ CO-SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR J. VAN STADEN v
Page 1 and 2: Pollination of Plectranthus L’Hé
Page 3: STUDENT DECLARATION 1 Pollination o
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Abstract ……………
Page 11 and 12: apparent neo-endemics with strong a
Page 13 and 14: enhance the understanding of floral
Page 15 and 16: three species of Xylocopa Latreille
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2: Pollination of Straight-
Page 19 and 20: References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
Page 21 and 22: Plectranthus vestitus (Lamiaceae) b
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2: POLLINATION OF STRAIGHT-
Page 25 and 26: 100 C.J. Potgieter et al.: Pollinat
Page 27 and 28: 102 2 14 ° I .j. / 2 .e- ¢..,~ }e
Page 29 and 30: 104 a C d Stenobasipteron sp. (N, D
Page 39 and 40: Pollination of Plectranthus spp. (L
Page 41 and 42: 648 C.J. Potgieter et al. / South A
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 4: CONVERGENT POLLINATION I
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Syst. Geogr. PI. 71 XVIth Ss.Gg.l.1
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Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71 Syst. Geogr. P1
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Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71 Figure 2. Distr
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Syst. Svst. Geogr. Pl. P1. 71 XVIth
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Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71 P1.71 XVIth AET
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THE STENOBASIPTERON WIEDEMANNI (DIP
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256 Annals of the Missouri Botanica
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CHAPTER 6: NATURAL HYBRIDS Viljoen,
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100 A.M. Viljoen et al. / South Afr
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102 Table 1 (continued) RRI : Relat
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104 Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Wa
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contrast, shallow flowers with rela
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[=Syncolostemon albiflorus (N.E.Br.
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Nectar volumes were measured by usi
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Table 1: Nectar sugar properties of
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To test whether these results could
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Nectar sugar concentration results
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Discussion A. Nectar Sugars Very fe
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differences in sucrose concentratio
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is that the shortest-tubed P. sacca
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Nectar volume and concentration dat
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Complete rewardlessness is rarely r
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Goldblatt, P., Bernhardt, P., Manni
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CHAPTER 8: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIO
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medium-proboscid nemestrinid flies
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Plectranthus (see Appendix). Anecdo
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were seen on older inflorescences),
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(Potgieter et al. 2009), developing
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Paton, A.J., Springate, D., Suddee,
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The following abbreviations are use
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1. Plectranthus ambiguus (H.Bol.) C
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2. Plectranthus hilliardiae Codd Ha
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3. Plectranthus reflexus Van Jaarsv
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4. Plectranthus saccatus Benth. Hab
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P. saccatus (12 - 14 mm) in cultiva
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Nemestrinid flies hovered while pro
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6. Plectranthus zuluensis T. Cooke
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7. Plectranthus ciliatus E.Mey ex B
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Plectranthus ciliatus is a relative
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8. Plectranthus ernstii Codd Habit,
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As discussed for P. ernstii, a tent
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acrocerid flies of the genus Psilod
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This fly species also pollinates wh
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syrphid fly, a hesperid butterfly a
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Study sites and observations Observ
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Potgieter 147 OG, 3-4-98 Prosoeca u
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14. Plectranthus petiolaris E.Mey.
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Episyrphus sp. (Syrphidae) Potgiete
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Dargle Valley in late March. On a o
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Bombyliidae (Diptera) Potgieter 38
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Insect vouchers Prosoeca umbrosa (N
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Insect vouchers Chalicodoma sp. A (
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19. Pycnostachys urticifolia Hook.
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20. Aeollanthus parvifolius Benth.
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References Brothers, D.J., 1999. Ph
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