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Industrial Automation Concepts instruments = sensors (capteurs, Messgeber) and actors (actionneurs, Stellglieder) binary (on/off) and analog (continuous) instruments are distinguished. industrial conditions: • temperature range commercial: (0°C to +70°C) industry (-40°C..+85°C) extended industrial(–40°C..+125°C) • mechanical resilience (shocks and vibrations) EN 60068 • protected against Electro-Magnetic (EM)-disturbances EN 55022, EN55024) • sometimes NEMP-protected (Nuclear EM Pulse) - water distribution, civil protection • protection against water and moisture (IP67=completely sealed, IP20 = normal) • easy mounting and replacement • robust connectors • DC-powered (24V= because of battery back-up, sometimes 48V=) 4/52 2.1 Instrumentation
2.1 Instrumentation 2.1.1 Market 2.1.2 Binary instruments 2.1.3 Analog Instruments 2.1.4 Actors 2.1.5 Transducers 2.1.6 Instrumentation diagrams 2.1.7 Protection classes 2.2 Control 2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers Industrial Automation 2.1.2 Binary Instruments 5/52 2.1 Instrumentation
Page 1 and 2: 2005 March, HK courtesy ABB 2. Inst
Page 3: Industrial Automation The instrumen
Page 7 and 8: Industrial Automation Binary Signal
Page 9 and 10: Industrial Automation Precision: re
Page 11 and 12: Industrial Automation Variable diff
Page 13 and 14: Industrial Automation Small positio
Page 15 and 16: Industrial Automation Force measure
Page 17 and 18: courtesy Parker Motion & Control In
Page 19 and 20: Industrial Automation 2.1.3.2 Tempe
Page 21 and 22: Thermo-element (Thermocouple) two d
Page 23 and 24: •pulsed laser •load cell •pul
Page 25 and 26: Other means: Magnetic-dynamic Corio
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Page 31 and 32: Pumps, valves, rods,… Industrial
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Page 35 and 36: Object measurand Transducer Industr
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2005 March, HK set point Control of
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140 120 2 1 180 3 5 200 4 Why do we
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Industrial Automation Controllers T
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Industrial Automation Modeling: Con
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set-point (solicited) Sollwert vale
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Steam ∆P ∆f Main steam valve Ac
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Industrial Automation Two-point con
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value % 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.
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Industrial Automation A glance back
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The Watts "governor" (1791) - the f
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Industrial Automation Plant model f
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m(t), y 0 (t) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 co
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u 0 (t), y 0 (t) 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
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controller gain set-point u 0 error
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PID-Controller (Proportional-Integr
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time domain Laplace domain Industri
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1 0 P (K p = 15) less error, but un
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2.1 Instrumentation 2.2 Control 2.2
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Industrial Automation Nested loops
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Industrial Automation To probe furt
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POST_START_TIMER_MOD N_GT FAULT_STA
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Industrial Automation Programmable
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Industrial Automation PLC: Characte
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Switzerland SAIA, Weidmüller Indus
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(1) (2) (3) Compact Monolithic cons
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courtesy ABB Industrial Automation
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€ compact PLC (fixed number of I/
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23 4 3 3 2 12 2 I/O modules Industr
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Industrial Automation Specific Cont
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Micro: 15 to 128 I/O points Medium:
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Industrial Automation 2.3.3 PLCs: F
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CPU fieldbus controller field bus R
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Industrial Automation Matching the
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Industrial Automation Continuous Pl
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"combinatorial" 1) e.g. ladder logi
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Extend procedural languages to expr
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Function Block Diagram (FBD) AUTO A
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Industrial Automation 2.4.2.1 Funct
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Example 1: Example 2: A B external
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Industrial Automation Function Bloc
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Types of Programming Organisation U
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inary elements AND OR XOR S1 SR R Q
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Basic blocks Industrial Automation
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AXIS_REF Function Block library for
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Segment or POU (program organizatio
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Industrial Automation Parallel exec
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esource task task program program I
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Connecting to Input/Output, Method
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Industrial Automation 2.3.5.5 Struc
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Industrial Automation Data Types Si
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Industrial Automation Example of De
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Industrial Automation SFC (Sequenti
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Industrial Automation SFC: Initial
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Industrial Automation SFC: P1, N an
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Variables: Input: In0, In1, In2, In
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Industrial Automation SFC: Structur
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Function Blocks: Continuous (time)
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Industrial Automation Flow Charts O
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Industrial Automation 2.3.5.7 Ladde
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origin: electrical circuit correspo
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Series Parallel Industrial Automati
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Industrial Automation Ladder logic
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Industrial Automation 2.3.6 Instruc
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Industrial Automation Instruction L
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Industrial Automation Programming e
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Industrial Automation Program maint
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Industrial Automation IEC 61131-3 e
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Industrial Automation Limitations o
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