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Dermatologic Differential Diagnosis.pdf. - Famona Site

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256 A CLINICIAN’S GUIDE TO DERMATOLOGIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, VOLUME 1<br />

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES<br />

Eosinophilic fasciitis<br />

METABOLIC DISEASES<br />

Acromegaly – Addisonian pattern Rook p.1779,2704, 1998,<br />

Sixth Edition<br />

Addison’s disease – diffuse, accentuated in flexures, palmar<br />

and plantar creases, nipples, genitalia, buccal mucosa,<br />

conjunctiva, vagina Cutis 76:97–99, 2005; Rook p.1779,2706,<br />

1998, Sixth Edition; universal melanosis<br />

Adrenalectomy Ghatan p.6, 2002, Second Edition<br />

Adrenoleukodystrophy (Siemerling–Creutzfeld disease)<br />

Am J Hum Genet 27:547–553, 1975<br />

Asthma melanodermica – prior to attack, diffuse darkening of<br />

skin and increase in size and number of nevi AD 78:210–213,<br />

1958<br />

Cachectic states<br />

Central nervous system disease of diencephalon, substantia<br />

nigra – Addisonian pigmentation Rook p.1781, 1998, Sixth<br />

Edition; after emotional stress Psychosom Med 19:89–98, 1957<br />

Congenital dyschromia with erythrocyte, platelet, and<br />

tryptophan metabolism abnormalities JAAD 19:642–655, 1988<br />

vs. Asymmetric mosaics<br />

Congenital leukoderma<br />

Dyschromatosis universalis<br />

Familial progressive hyperpigmentation AD 103:581–598,<br />

1971<br />

Lentiginosis<br />

Cushing’s disease – Addisonian pattern Rook p.1779,2705,<br />

1998, Sixth Edition; Ped Derm 15:253–258, 1998<br />

Familial adrenocorticotropin unresponsiveness syndrome<br />

(familial glucocorticoid deficiency) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab<br />

14:1113–1118, 2001<br />

Folate deficiency AD 112:562, 1976<br />

Gaucher’s disease – glucocerebroside; yellow–brown<br />

pigmentation diffuse hyperpigmentation, easy tanning,<br />

pigmented macules BJD 111:331–334, 1984<br />

Graves’ disease – Addisonian hyperpigmentation; palms and<br />

soles, gingiva, buccal mucosa JAAD 48:641–659, 2003<br />

Hemochromatosis – idiopathic (autosomal recessive) or<br />

secondary to chronic iron intoxication (Bantu<br />

hemachromatosis), chronic liver disease and iron overload,<br />

hepatic hemosiderosis in anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis,<br />

congenital transferrin deficiency – gray–brown<br />

hyperpigmentation especially of face, flexures, and exposed<br />

parts AD 113:161–165, 1977; Medicine 34:381–430, 1955<br />

Hepatic disease, including primary biliary cirrhosis<br />

Hyperthyroidism – patchy hyperpigmentation or diffuse<br />

Addisonian hyperpigmentation sparing oral mucosa<br />

JAAD 26:885–902, 1992<br />

Kwashiorkor<br />

Liver disease, chronic – diffuse muddy gray hyperpigmentation;<br />

primary biliary cirrhosis Rook p.2725, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Lysosomal storage disease – anterior and posterior dermal<br />

melanocytosis in Hurler’s disease, GM, gangliosidosis type 1,<br />

Niemann–Pick disease, Hunter’s disease, alpha-mannisidosis<br />

AD 139:916–920, 2003<br />

Malabsorption – Addisonian hyperpigmentation or local<br />

pigmentation of face, neck, trunk Rook p.1784,2653, 1998,<br />

Sixth Edition<br />

Malnutrition<br />

Megaloblastic anemia JAAD 12:914–917, 1985<br />

Myxedema<br />

Nelson’s syndrome – post-adrenalectomy diffuse<br />

hypermelanosis Ann Intern Med 52:560–569, 1960<br />

Niemann–Pick disease – acid sphingomyelinase; diffuse<br />

pigmentation, especially of face Rook p.1778–1779, 1998,<br />

Sixth Edition<br />

Ochronosis – generalized hyperpigmentation with accentuation<br />

over cheeks, forehead, axillae and genitalia, buccal mucosa,<br />

nails Rook p.2649, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Pellagra – niacin deficiency; Addisonian hyperpigmentation;<br />

accentuated on face, hands Rook p.1783, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) – diffuse or<br />

mottled hyperpigmentation of face, hands, feet, and scrotum<br />

Cutis 71:127–130, 2003; J Dermatol 28:282–285, 2001;<br />

JAAD 15:1263–1274, 1986; AD 12:896–899, 1986<br />

Porphyria cutanea tarda Rook p.2590, 1998, Sixth Edition;<br />

variegate porphyria Rook p.2586–2587, 1998, Sixth Edition;<br />

hepatoerythropoietic porphyria AD 116:307–313, 1980<br />

Renal failure, chronic – muddy brown hyperpigmentation<br />

Rook p.1782,2730, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Scurvy – Addisonian Rook p.1784, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Sprue Ghatan p.6, 2002, Second Edition<br />

Vitamin A deficiency JAAD 41:322–324, 1999<br />

Whipple’s disease Rook p.2654, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Wilson’s disease<br />

NEOPLASTIC DISEASES<br />

Acquired generalized lentiginosis<br />

ACTH and MSH producing tumors (pituitary and others)<br />

BJD 126:286–289, 1992<br />

Carcinoid syndrome – flushing, patchy cyanosis,<br />

hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, pellagrous dermatitis,<br />

salivation, lacrimation, abdominal cramping, wheezing, diarrhea<br />

Rook p.1780, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 77:86–90, 1958<br />

Epidermal nevus JAAD 10:1–16, 1984<br />

Extrapituitary neuroendocrine melanoderma<br />

Hodgkin’s disease – Addisonian hyperpigmentation<br />

Rook p.1781, 1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Lymphoma, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – diffuse<br />

progressive hyperpigmentation JAAD 16:257–260, 1987<br />

Melanocytic nevus – giant congenital nevus<br />

Melanoma – metastatic; diffuse melanosis; slate gray<br />

hyperpigmentation Dermatology 197:338–342, 1998;<br />

JAAD 35:295–297, 1996; JAAD 20:261–266, 1989<br />

Mongolian spot, generalized J Dermatol 22:330–333, 1995<br />

Neurocutaneous melanosis<br />

Nevus sebaceus<br />

Pheochromocytoma – Addisonian pigmentation Rook p.1780,<br />

1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Thymic carcinoids – Addisonian pigmentation Cancer<br />

71:106–111, 1993<br />

PARANEOPLASTIC DISORDERS<br />

Adenocarcinoma of the lung with ectopic adrenocorticotropic<br />

hormone syndrome Arch Int Med 142:1387–1389, 1982<br />

Cachectic state associated with neoplasms Rook p.1781,<br />

1998, Sixth Edition<br />

Paraneoplastic corticotropin production Ann Hematol<br />

82:448–451, 2003

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