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Wind Power in Poland Business Directory 2010 Fig. 3 Increase of power capacity of wind power plants in Poland by 2020 Source: prepared by IEO and PWEA 6 sidered projects may be completed until 2015, the rest should be treated only as undeveloped concepts. In many cases a developer obtains only property rights to the ground. Nevertheless, data from operators quite clearly shows the large scale of activities and interest in Poland - over 100 entities are actively operating on the Polish wind energy market and the amount of project concepts can be estimated at 500. The majority of these companies adopt an “operations” model, which is known on the German market as “develop and sel”l - the project is developed to a certain stage (usually building permit) and then sold (as a whole or certain part) to a final investor (usually to a larger developer). Thus, during the last few years market of trading projects has been active. The concentration of wind farm concepts in some geographical areas is resulting in growth problems, blocking further development of many (even well-prepared) projects. It concerns mainly the lack of grid connection possibilities. In many areas, particularly in northern Poland, all the connection capacity is currently blocked by a large amount of wind farms which have already received grid connection terms. This situation will likely change, because of the recent amendments to the Energy Law, entering into force at the beginning of March, 2010. It mandates advance payments (up to 3 million PLN, 30 PLN per MW) for connection charges, which must be paid before issuing connection terms - and is not refundable. This regulatory solution aims to remove speculative practices that have blocked grid access; however the amendments have already been criticized by investors and industrial organizations as potentially inefficient, Also numerous other barriers for wind power development are reported by developers. The large amounts of wind farm concepts in some areas raise misgivings about the possible negative impact on the environment, as well as ammunition to local opponents. Wind energy has been usually met with enthusiasm by municipal authorities - until recently - because of the expected financial contributions to local budgets. Legal regulations have created an opportunity to impose on the owner of the wind farm a property tax of 2% of the investment value, which would be very significant income to a local municipality budget. After interpretations of the Ministry of Finance, which limit the basis of the property tax to the foundation and tower of the wind turbines, local authorities’ skepticism and resistance to wind energy projects seems to be growing. Critics are arguing that wind energy has negative impacts on on the landscape and potentially hurts tourism income. Many wind project owners have delayed construction until the start of financing from subsidies of the EU’s Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment (POIiS), which will be available from 2013, with disposal of €352 million in total for investments in production of green power. Subsidies, which can be obtained this way, would considerably improve profitability of projects. However first tender has been announced with delay and closed in last April (POIiS topic 9.4) proved, that demands for subsidies significantly exceed financial capabilities of the Programme. Among 120 applications concerning renewable energy (3150 million PLN was applied for; but available sum was 742 million PLN), 86 projects concerned wind energy. In additional tenders announced in April 2010, Ministry of Economy (the institution currently responsible for action 9.4) allocated for RES only 195 million PLN. The future of the wind power sector in Poland after 2010 will depend mainly on final decisions about the means of implementing the EU Climate Package, including new directive 2009/28/EC about the promotion of the use of renewable energy sources (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:140:001 6:0062:EN:PDF). Especially important will be preparation (by Ministry of Economy) of the National Renewable Energy Action by 2020, required by the directive and including the range of commitments for electric power promotion from renewable sources. Initial analyses in that area are covered by the document “Polish Energy Policy until 2030” (PEP2030) and seem to
2010 Business Directory Wind Power in Poland Tab.1 Wind energy potential in Poland, estimated by IEO Onshore Offshore Capacity Energy Capacity Energy (GW) (TWh) (GW) (TWh) Theoretical potential 3100 6830 130 380 Technical potential 1400 3600 130 380 Technical Potential reduced by environmental limitations 600 1500 20 60 Economic potential 82 210 7,5 22,5 Market potential 2020 11,5 28 1,5 4,5 be moderate in the aspect of wind energy. PEP2030 expects achievement of 15% energy from RES in total use of energy in 2020. The share of green electric energy in total gross use of electric energy is meant to be 19,6%, including wind energy of 9,8% (with installed capacity 6,87 GW). Considering the high potential of wind energy in Poland, the scenario should be treated as moderate. According to “Vision of wind energy development in Poland”, the report prepared by the Institute for Renewable Energy (IEO) for Polish Wind Energy Association, the installed capacity of wind power plants could reach even up to 13 GW, including 1,5 GW offshore and 0,6 GW power plants installed for individual use. Such capacity would allow to produce 33 TWh of electricity in 2020 and cover 16,5% of Polish electricity consumption by wind energy. (see Fig. 3) The scenario is very ambitious, but Poland has big potential of wind energy, which makes it possible. However, it would require substantial involvement of the government (especially in preparation of power grid development programme), Also to be mentioned is the substantial potential of offshore wind energy. This area of wind power development is one of the priorities in many EU countries. Several companies have announced to build offshore wind farms on the Polish Baltic Sea (e.g. PGE announced in 2008). However, experiences of other countries demonstrate that the development and investment process is significantly longer than onshore. Also current legal conditions in Poland concerning offshore areas are not adapted to the needs of wind energy investments. One of the most important initiatives in 2009 in that area was establishment of consortium - Polish Offshore Network, which prepared the concept of building a power grid, providing connection of offshore wind farms in Baltic area. According to analyses made in the OffshoreGrid project, 500 MW offshore wind farms can be constructed in Poland until 2020, and total power capacity could reach up to 5.300 MW in 2030. n 7 RES market and industry Research and development Monitoring of renewable energy market in Poland Wind energy and biogas databases of projects, investors and developers Various analysis, market reports, forecasts of development and companies strategies Technical advisory for investors and developers Technical due diligence of wind projects, cooperation with developers in implementation of projects Preparation of feasibility studies and applications to financial institutions Research on forecasting of wind farms productivity, offshore wind energy development and infrastructure planning (including projects co-financed by the EU RTD Programmes) Cooperation with SME in the field of innovation implementation Preparation of proposals to RTD Programmes for RES projects Development of technology and software for solar and biogas energy Institute for Renewable Energy is an independent, non-public think tank and consultancy company. Since 2001, IEO is monitoring the development of Polish renewable energy market. IEO also provides targeted services regarding wind and solar energy, as well as biogas utilization. The company was established in 2001 by the group of experts from EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre (Polish RES agency). Its president and the main shareholder is Mr. Grzegorz Wi niewski. Cooperation with national and local governments Advisory and preparation of strategic studies and assessments (among others: regarding renewable energy industry for the Ministry of Environment and RES technical potential for up to 2020 for the Ministry of Economy) Preparation of regional and local strategies and plans of RES development, assistance in creation of energy agencies on regional and local level Investment advisory for local governments Monitoring of investment attractiveness of Polish regions. www.ieo.pl Contact: EC BREC IEO Sp. z o.o. ul. Mokotowska 4/6 00-641 Warszawa phone/fax (+4822) 8254652 biuro@ieo.pl
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