Suheal.Parkash.by.Sa.. - Gurmat Veechar

;[j/b gqekP fby:s/
(w[ypzd)
iBw woD d[jj{ wfj Bkjh iB goT[gekoh nkJ/ ]
ihn dkB[ d/ Grsh bkfJfB jfo f;T[ b?fB fwbkJ/ ]
fpqy cb/ Bfj nkg e' ;fosk nu/ Bk Bho ]
gowkoE e/ ekoB/ ;zsB Xok ;oho ]
w/o/ r[od/t pqjwfBPm pqjwPq'so gohpqkiek nukoi fBowb G/y d/ gdw
G{PD ;qh wkB gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx ih wjkoki e'eoh y[od (cohde'N) tkfbnK dh
gq;kfd(feogk) s'A gqkgs ehsh ftfdnk nB[;ko ftfdnk d/ ;kro B{z e[Zi/ ftu
pzd eoB dk fBwkDk :sB ehsk j?, ;zrsK dh gq/oBK B/ eotkfJnk j? ns//
wjKg[oPK B/ nkg jh fjzws ns/ :'rsk pyPh j?. T[BQK s'A gqkgs ehsh ftfdnk
ns/ j'o Xow PkPsoK s/ nB[Gt nB[;ko fJj g[;se fi; dk Bkw ;[j/b gqekP
j?, fbfynk j?. wjKg[oPK dh t;s{ T[BQK B{z jh ;wogs j?. nkg ;zrsK d/ bkG
fjs T[dw ehsk j?. nkg B/ gVQe/ ;[De/ ;[Dke/ bkG gqkgs eoBK s/ eotkT[DK
ns/ dk;K s'A j'Jh G[Zb dh ;'X eo b?ADh ns/ nr/ bJh ;[wZs dh nodk;
eoBh .
nkg ih dk fBwkDk dk;,
;zs oi ;zs irihs f;zx ih joy'tkb,
e'eoh c{bk f;zx (cohde'N).
25 Gkdo'A, fpeqwh ;zws 2041,
;zB 1984H
1

;[j/b gqekP
;qh wkB gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx
gohftokiek nkukoi
e'eoh c{bk f;zx (cohde'N)
> ;fsr[o gq;kfd]
;G jZe eosk d/ okyt/A jB
fpBK nkfrnk e'Jh Bk Skg/.
;[j/b gqekP
b/ye ;zs irihs f;zx joy'tkb
gqekPeL v/ok ;zsrVQ joy'tkb, fIbk j[fPnkog[o.
SkgeL^
XzBtkd
;zs irihs f;zx ih PkPsqh tb'A i' ;[j/b gqekP g[;se gqekPs ehsh j? w?A wjKg[oPK
dk XzBtkd eodk jK fiBQK B/ Gkosh ;z;feqsh B{z r[ow[yh GkPk ftZu gqrN eoe/ d/P e"w s/
Gkoh T[geko ehsk j?.
tb'L
p/dh bkb f;zx ih ;kfjseko
n?vhNo fBor[Dhnkok uhc ykb;k dhtkB
nzfwqs;o.
2

G{fwek
gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx ih t/dKs nukoi e'eoh y[od (cohde'N) tb'A dk; B{z i' ftZfdnk dh dks
pyfPP ehsh j? T[j fJ; g[;se ftZu gqekPs ehsh rJh j?.
;wZogs
s/ok s[M eT[ ;T[gs/ fenk bkr? w/ok, wjKg[oPK dh feogk s'A ftZfdnk dh dks gqkgs eoe/
T[BK d/ Bkw B{z T[ikro oZyD dk fBwkDk :sB ehsk j? fJj T[BQK dh nkgDh pyfPP j?.
;zs irihs f;zx joy'tkb
v/ok ;zsrVQ joy'tkb
j[fPnkog[o.
;[j/b gqekP
1H ;[j/b gqekP
2H BZro ekbok dh gqkozGsk
3H ihtB ;qL T[ikro f;zx ih
4H 19^11^93 B{z v/ok ;zs rVQ B{z ofi;Noh fwbh
5H r[o{ ih d/ ptzik ethnK d/ BK
6H ftZfdnk fesB/ gqeko dh j?
7H pZu/ d/ iBw ;w/A r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm feT[A ehsk iKdk j?.
8H fBwkIK feE'A s[ohnK s/ feB feB gfjb'A gVQhnK
9H g[oPK d/ 32 bZyD
10HfJ;sqhnK d/ 32 bZyD
11HB"A rq?jK dh Bftosh bJh dkB
ihtB ;odko T[ikro f;zx ih fgzv ekbok (ibzXo) .
3

;[j/b gqekP fby:s/
r[o{ bZSDL^ fpqsh no{V/B nfrnkB ssekoiz frqDksh fJfsr[o{^ fpqsh w/A fJ;fEs
j' nfrnkB sEk nfrnkB ek ekoi iBw woB nkfd gqgzu sk e' i' (frqDksh) GyB eo'sh
Bkw i' yk ikt/ Gkt BPN eo d/t/ fs; ek Bkw r[o{ j? ;' n?;/ r[o{, r[o{ BkBe d/t ih jB.
nfGnk;h e/ o;s/ eh o[ektN d{o eoB dk T[gkt L^ skVsk n"o wohu fJfsnkfd
oki;h n"o skw;h fpqshnK e/ Bkw j?. :j fJekrosk w/A fpxB vkbB/ tkbh j? oi n"o sw
e/ dwB e/ bJh ;s n"o ;[X njzeko eh ntZPesk gVsh j?. i' r[o{ feogk ;/ gqkgs j'sk
j?. :jh okw bSwD j? i' pfPPm r[o{ B/ fpPtkfwsq e/ ;kE fe:/ d;oE d; d[nko/ tkbh
:fj jh d/j j? fi; e/ Ghso ;G ftoshnK T[sgzB j'sh j? n"o T[;h e/ nk;o: ofjsh j?.
ftPtkfwsq nfGnk;h j? i' ngB/ nzdo ftPt gq/w T[sgzB eoB/ e/ ;kXB eoBk ukjsk
j?.nk;[o fposhnK T[; w/A ftxB pkXk vkbsh j? sp r[o{ ;ksteh ftoshnK T[Gko d/sk j?
n"o T[Be/ T[d/ j's/ jh T[Bek BkP j' iksk j? sK s/ r[o{ ek ;jkok b' ;s eh Xko e' geV e/
nkr/ pVQs/ ub' fjzws Bk s'VBK :j ;G PKs j' ikt/r/]
pbZv gq?Po L^ t/b eh shB gZsh tkbh 5 vkbh (15 gZs/) d[fXnk S'Nh S/ wk;/ ;/
fJe s'bk pdkw froh fSbek T[skoh j'Jh 5 ;/ ;Zs sZe ekbh fwou, fJB ;G e' gkt gkBh
ftu gh; e/ SkD bt' n"o ;[Gkn fBjko w{zj fJ;/ ghT[ djhA bZ;h ek gqj/I eo']
T[gkPBk L^ nx'okuko, pkwkuko, dfyPDkuko, fJ; ;/ go/ gok Grsh fJp:kuko p'bk
iksk j?.
^
^
nksw fBt/dB ek Bkw jh gok Grsh j?.
r[o{ e' wB[P ikBs/ s/ Bo nzX]
j's d[yh ;z;ko w/A nkr/ iw ek czX]
^
okw Bkw wfB dhg Xo ihj d/joh dtko,
s[b;h Ghso pkjo'A i' ukj/ T[finko]
^
;fsBkw e' Skv eo eo? nkB eh nk;,
ej? epho sk dk; ek j': Boe w/A pk;]
^
gfspqsk e/ J/e j? fpGukfoB e/ d':,
gfspqsk fpGukoDh ej' e:'A w/bk j'fJ]
^
gfsposk gfs e' Gi?, gfs Gi Xo? ftPtkP,
nkB fdPk fust? BjhA ;dk gsh eh nk;] (gshposk bZSD)
4

^
;/ftsfpU wjk fpqePk, cb SkfJnk ;[ wkBtsk.
:dh d/tks cbz Bk;sh, ;kfJnk e/B fBtkohns/]
^
ib fpzd{ fBgks/B g{ons/ xNk, ;k j/s{ ;op ftfdnkBz.
Xow;: XBL u
^ ePkoz S?fJnz gfsfwqsz robz gszsz, ;zr/ ;[Xk p;sh :sGrts iBkBkw :{ Gh ddksh
ihtkB sst frnkBz :sh ;/ dsL
noEL^ Gt ;kro w/A gV/ iht'A e/ bhJ/ gqwkswk sst frnkB d/s/ j?A nsL p/ ds ;zre j?
ds ;dk fBs j? p/ ;dk w[es j? n"o T[gkPe'A e' nB/ekB/e ;to{g' ;/ doPB d/s/ j?]
BZro ekbok dh gqkozGsk sfj;hb s/ fibk ibzXo
fe;/ ;w/A ;z;ko uzd ih dk nzp fonk;s dk fsnkr eoe/ okig{o GkJhnK BZro B{z
npkd eoBk pknd ftu fJE/ GkJhuko/ dh yNgNh ekoB c[b s/ nwzB{z dk wjkokik X[zX{
vo'bhA ebK d/ oki/ gk; nkT[DK ns/ nkgDh iks r's dk gouk d/DK. fJ; ykBdkB d/ ;Zg
vzrD s'A w"s BjhA j[zdh, rZb B{z gqsZy t/yD bJh wjkokik B/ ;g/ok wzrk e/ d'jK bVfenK c[b
s/ nwzB{z dhnK ihpK s/ ;Zg bVkJ/, Bk woB s'A y[P j' e/ nkgD/ oki ftu x'Vk c/oB dh
nkfrnk ehsh fiE'A sKJh x'Vk c/fonk fJzBQK dh irho pD rJh . eZboh Xosh j'D ekoB
BZro dk Bkw ekbok oZfynk. wjkokik B/ j'o th gqhfynk ehshnK, gk; T[soB s'A nkgDh
ezfBnk dk v'bk nwzB{z B{z fdZsk, nwzB{z ekbo/ Bro ofjD bZrk, d{;o/ GkJh c[b B/ r[Dku"o d/
oki/ dh Pos g{oh eoe/ eoBkDk fgzv npkd ehsk. fJjBK d'jK BroK ftu gojko r's d/
ePsqh okig{s jB. ekbok BZro dh 1760 x[wk IwhB j?, gk; dh gZS'A fdPK B;okbk u'n
npkd j?, T[so fdPk o'gV tkbh Bfjo j?. BZro ftu ;oekoh jkJh ;e{b, gqkfJwoh ;e{b,
p?Ae, vkexo nkfd ;kXB th jB. pZpo nekbh bfjo ftu ;/tk eoB s'A nekbh ;oeko B/
BZro B{z wkvb rqkw pDk e/ Pfjo dk o{g d/ fdZsk . BZro ftZu g[oksB r[od[tko/, pVh
XowPkbk, pkpk ;ow[y dk; ih T[dk;hB (nykVk pqjw p{Nk) nzfwqs;o ftu'A, d{ik
r[od[nkok i'rhnkDk ;zs bkb f;zx ih fBowb/ (v/ok) nihstkb cohde'N ftu'A mke[oK dh
;zgodk (nzfwqs;o) tkfbnK Bkb ;pzXs j?. ;zs bkb f;zx ih s'A gfjb/ wjkswk d/ Bkw :kd
BjhA jB. ;zs bkb f;zx ih d/ ;/tkdko pkpk T[d/ f;zx ih ;B i' ;zs gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx ih d/
T[;skd ;B ns/ ;kv/ pkpk whjK f;zx ih d/ r[oGkJh ;B. fJjBK B/ fJeZfmnK B/ jh ;zs
frnkBh bkb f;zx ih vo'bh y[od tkfbnK s'A ftZfdnk gqkgs ehsh ;h i' wjKg[oP ;hArVh
tkb/ wjKg[oP pkpk jhok f;zx ih d/ r[oGkJh ;B. Bro ftu por/vhno eoBb w/io
;{opho wjkswk ;zs oZxk f;zx ih wjkB (;zrhseko) fiBK d/ ftfdnkoEh ePwhok f;zx ih,
;zs eow f;zx ih ehosB d[nkok Bro dh ;/tk eod/ jB, ;zs oZyk f;zx ih ;/te ;zs
ft;kyk f;zx ih (dd/jo)d/P Grs ih d/ jB. ;zs eow f;zx ih oftdk;hJ/ ih B/ th Bro
ftu r[od[nkok ekfJw eoe/ Bro dk ekch ;[Xko ehsk j?. fJBQK B/ ;zs mkeo f;zx ih
5

i'rhnkDk r[od[nko/ s'A r[owfs gqkgs ehsh, ;zs mke[o dk; ih, gzfvs fPnkw dk; ih
(XowPkbk) i' T[dk;hB S'N/ nykV/ d/ ;qh wjzs ;B BZro dhnK wjkB j;shnK jB. j[D
jopz; dk; fJ; n;EkB dh ;/tk eod/ jB. r[od[nkok i'rhnkDk (Pq'wDh ew/Nh) d/ nXhB
j' frnk j?. gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx ih fJ;/ Bro dh wjkB j;sh j? fiBQK B/ nkgDh ftdtsk Bkb
Bro dh wfje d{o se fyzvkJh j?. dk;K B{z fJ;/ Broh ftu iBw b?D dk ;[Gkr gqkgs
j'fJnk j?.
(ihtB ;L T[ikro f;zx ih)
iks L ePsqh okig{s r'sL gojko
e[b L nrBe[b pz;L BkrtzP
fgsk L ;L whAjk f;zx ih . wksk L phph okXk e"o ih .
iBw L^
wkou ;zB 1908 Bro ekbok (ibzXo) ekbok Bro w/NhnkDk s'A fszB
whb ns/ nkdwg[o s'A gzi whb dh d{oh s/ o'gVh Bfjo s/ ;fEs j?.
ftfdnkL^ w?fNqe
ihHihH, nzro/Ih s/ ;z;feqs ftfdnk d/ uzr/ wkjo jB.
;zB 1924 she okig{s jkJh ;e{b Bvkb'A (j[fPnkog[o),
c"i ftu Gosh L ;zB 1931 fJzvhnB f;zroB e"o C.O.R.P. (ohNkfJo ;zB 1946).
PkdhL^
(eg{oEbk)fty/.
;zB 1926 gqf;zB e"o (Gog{o e"o nzfwqs dk Bkw) BZro gKPNk
;Z;, ;j[ok L^ ;Lo[bhnk okw ;j[ok ih, phph gq/wh ih ;Z;.
T[bkd L^
oBpho e"o ih .
phph GiB e"o ih, ;L ni?p f;zx ih, ;zs irihs f;zx ih, phph
fJzBQK dhnK iBw fsEhnKL^ phph GiB e"o dk iBw ft;ky ;zB 1930, ;L
ni?p f;zx ih^15 cZrD 1937, ;zs irihs f;zx ih^18 cZrD 1946, phph oBpho e"o
ih^ 15 u/s 1955H
nzfwqs gkBL^ ipbg[o c"i ftZu .
B"eoh ;w/A d/P oNB L^ fjzd[;skB ftu ipbg[o, MK;h, pphBk, w/oN, d?jbh, pzB{z,
vzwvb, Bhonbh, oiwe,pkjob/ w[be^ fwvb JhpN, fw;o, Jhoke, JhokB, Nok;,
i"ovB,bpBkB, ;hohns, ;hohnk, vwZ;e, woke', fJbifonk, fNp{B;, N[poe, wNo{,
6

f;X jBh;, pBrkih, Bfjo;t/i,nN?bhnB, ;wkbhb?Av, n;wkok, bVkJh ekb d/ w[beK d/
Bkw jB.
fizBK fizBK wjKg[oPK dh ;zrs ehshL^ ;zs pkpk nihs f;zx ih BEbg[o tkb/ ns/
;zs pkpk gqhsw f;zx ih wkBy/Vh(o'gV) tkfbnK Bkb 1950 ftu fwbkg j'fJnk w[zY s'A Bro
tkb/ wjKg[oP(mke[o dk; ih) T[dk;hB s'A bkG T[mKd/ oj/. fco BZro d/ wjkswk (;zs
wfjskp f;zx ih)sgZ;h i' f;zrVh tkb/ wjKg[oPK s'A to';kJ/ ;B,;zs oZxk f;zx ih , ;zs
skok f;zx ih, ;zs eow f;zx ih v[wzv/, ;zs psB f;zx ih, i' r[ofdnkb f;zx niB'jk d/
GkJh ;B. fJ;h soK ;zs Gkr f;zx ih iZpV tkb/ (wkDe') tkfbnK Bkb 1950 ftu fwbkg
j'fJnk. i'jbK tkb/ ;zs p;zs f;zx ih finkD tkb/ pkpk joBkw f;zx ih d/ ;/te ;B.
1954 ftu ;zrs gqkgs j'Jh. ;zs joy'tkb tkfbnK Bkb th 1953 ftu fwbkg j'fJnk. ;zs
pkpk joh f;zx ih ejkog[o tkfbnK Bkb ;zB 1963 ftu ;zrs j'Jh. ;zs wkB f;zx Bzzrb
tkfbnK Bkb th fJ;/ ;kb fwbkg j'fJnk. ;zB 1940 ftu oyk okw ih i' ;kv/ ;pzXh ;kX{ j'
rJ/ ;[nkwh oyk okw ih ;zfBnk;h j' rJ/. ;zB 1942 i{B wjhB/ wksk fgsk ih B/ ;Zuyzv
fgnkBk ehsk. fgsk ih B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh ;zEk 10 t/o fbye/ ehsh ns/ 25 ig[ih
;kfjp gVQD/, o'ikBk fBZsB/w ns/ d;tzX eZYD dk gqgZe fB:w ;h, w[ZY s'A jh T[BQK dh
;zrs Xkofwe fynkbK dh ;h ns/ ;kX{nK dh ;zrs gqkgs j'Jh ;h. nkg ih ;zs bkb f;zx
ih vo'bh y[od tkfbnK d/ gow fPP ;B, gzi eekoK dh ofjs d/ gqgZe wjKg[oP ;B.
T[jBK dh nkfrnk nB[;ko jh n;hA nkgDk ihtB pshs eo oj/ jK. fJzBK d/ fgsk ih
rofunK tkbh rZdh r[o{ r'eb dk; p?okrh wjKg[oPK d/ gq/wh ;B, Gkt eh w[zY s'A jh ;kX{nK
dh wjkB pyfPP ojh, wjkswk jw/PK dk;K d/ xo uoB gk e/ ;/teK B{z fBtkid/ oj/. fJ;
tes ;zs fePB f;zx ih i' fGzvoK tkb/ pkpk r[opuB f;zx ih d/ gq/wh ;B, Bro ftu ;zs
eosko f;zx ih fGzvoK tkfbnK d/ uoB gtk e/ iE/ ;w/s ;zrsK B{z fBtkid/ oj/ jB.
wjKg[oPK dh ;zrs eoe/ j'o th p/nzs wjkswk rqfj fty/ uoB gKT[d/ ofjzd/ jB. pkeh pkpk
cs{ ih (w;s) i/mg[o tkb/ u'fbnK tkbk w;s ekbo/ tkbk, v[w/bh tkb/ pkpk dbhg f;zx ih
ns/ pkpk w;s ih dh th wjkB feogk ojh j?. fJj xo jh wjKg[oPK dk j?. ;koh pyfPP
T[BQK dh j?. fJ;/ soQK ;zs jikok f;zx ih fpoes, ;zs uzub f;zx ih, gzfvs fBek f;zx ih,
;zs pkpk oxtho f;zx ih d/tg[ok nkPow jfod[nko tkb/ wjkswk dh ;zrs Gh id'A
wjKg[oP fJ; fJbke/ ftu nkT[D, doPB dk ;[Gkr gqkgs j[zdk ;h. iE/dko pkpk e[zdB f;zx
ih fw;b PjhdK d/ doPBK dk th bkG j[zdk fojk j'o th wjKg[oPK d/ iohJ/ gktB j;shnK
dk w/b gqkgs j'fJnk. ;zs Pkdh f;zx ih o'gV, pkpk fsqb'e f;zx ih, pkpk dkB f;zx ih,
ytkik yVe, ;zs uoB f;zx ih Ghy'tkb nkfd ns/ wjkB j;sh ;zs pkpk wkMk f;zx ih s/
;zs pkpk o'PB f;zx ih we;{dg[o sEk p/r'tkb pkpk pfozdo f;zx ih ]
7

;zs irihs f;zx ih dk iBw L
1 wkou, ;zB 1946 thotko, fPtoksoh tkb/ fdB, fJe ti/ ;odko T[ikro f;zx ih
fgsk ns/ wksk (gqf;zB e"o^Gog{o e"o) d/ rqfj Bro ekbok (ibzXo) fty/ j'fJnk . d/;h
wjhBk 18 cZrD ;h . pZu/ dh fefonk iBw ;w/A jZ;DK, ykw'Ph ftu ofjDK, nk;D bk e/
p?mDK, fJBQK rZbK s'A ;kfonK B/ nzdkik bkfJnk fe e'Jh ;kX{ o{j eowK dk fj;kp ysw
eoB bJh wks b'e ftu nkJh j?.
Bkw eoD, MZrk gfjoktB L^
r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ ;zs wjzs mke[o dk; ih B/ r[owfs nB[;ko w[ytke b? e/ Bkw
oZfynk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ nzr bk e/ MZrk gkT[D dh o;w ndk ehsh. iBw t/b/ nkg ih B{z
ig[ih ;kfjp Bkb nfGwzsqs ib dh x[Nh (r[Vsh) fdZsh ;h.
fyvktD fefonk L^
G?D GiB e"o, ;qtD f;zx s/ fJzdo f;zx B/ gVQD ikD s'A gfjbK io{o fyvk e/ ikDK,
sEk ;ko/ gqhtko tb'A nfXe fdbk;k fdZsk frnk. fJj d'B'A skJ/ d/ g[Zs Gok ;B.
ftZfdnk gVQktD thotko tkb/ fdB ;fsr[oK d/ uoBK ftu nodk; eoe/ Bro d/
gqkfJwoh ;e{b ftu gqPkd tzv e/ gVQB gkfJnk frnk. id'A T[wo gzi ;kb dh ;h, go
pZfunK s'A fBokbh ukb jh ojh. u"Eh iwks gk; eoe/ jkJh ;e{b ftu gqt/P ehsk. gzithA
iwks ftu nkg B/ ig[ih ;kfjp, ofjok; ;kfjp ns/ ehosB ;'fjbk dh pkDh ezm ehsh e[M
r[opkDh d/ Ppd th :kd ehs/.
nzfwqs SeD dh fefonkL gzith iwks ftu id'A ;K Bro g{oBg[o ;zs gqhsw f;zx ih
wkBy/Vh tkfbnk B/ yzv/ pkN/ dk nzfwqs gzi fgnkfonK ;w/s fsnko ehsk. T[E/ ik e/ ;ko/
gohtko B/ nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs ehsh. nzfwqs SeD T[gozs gziK pkDhnK dk ;t//o/ s/ fszB
pkDhnK dk Pkw B{z fBsB/w gZek j' frnk. fJPBkB ohsh sK gfjbK jh gqgZe ;h. fJ;/
iwks ftu jh v[w/bh ik e/ ;zs wjkoki pkpk itkbk f;zx ih joy'tkb tkfbnK d/ doPB
ehs/. fJE/ jh ;kv/ fgsk ih B/ dk;K B{z wjKg[oPK e'b ;dk bJh G/AN eo fdZsk. fJZe wZM
v/o/ ;zsrVQ bzro dh ;/tk bJh fdZsh. wjKg[oPK B/ xo ofj e/ gVQB dh nkfrnk d/ fdZsh
ns/ ;z;feqs gVQB bJh ns/ ehosB f;ZyD bJh th nkfrnk pyPh i' nZi T[BQK dh feogk
s'A g{oh j'Jh j?. fJ; s'A pkd ;w/A nB[;ko wjKg[oPK d/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D sZe doPB eod/
oj/.dk; ;ZsthA iwks ftu ;h id'A wjkg[oPK B/ ;Zuyzv g:kBk ehsk. wjKg[oPK dh
nkfrnk nB[;ko jh Bro d/ jkJh ;e{b ftu w?fNqe gk; ehsh n"o wjKg[oPK dh nkfrnk
nB[;ko wkfjbg[o ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ykb;k ekbi ftu gq?g gk; ehsh. T[d'A ;zB 1963 ;h,
ekbi dk fJe ;kb ;zs wkB f;zx ih gk;, fJe ;kb Bzrb y[od oj/. ;L joGiB f;zx ih
s'A pknd fgqz;hgb gqhsw f;zx ih fvT{Nh fBGKT[d/ oj/. dk;K B{z gziK eekoK ftu ofjD eoe/
fJBQK s'A nPhotkd gqkgs j'Jh fe ykb;k ekbi dh bki fJ; ftfdnkoEh B/ oZyh j? i' pkDh
pkD/ ftu ekfJw j?. fJj ;koh pyfPP wjKg[oPK dh nkgDh jh ;h iK fgsk ih i' r[o
8

fJfsjk;, r[opkDh, owkfJD, wjKGkos ;qtD eotk eotk e/ fpqsh ftu gqgZgesk g?dk ehsh
;h. (B'N)L dk; gzith iwks ftu ;N/iK s/ eftsk p'bD s/ GkPD d/D bZr gJ/ ;B. ;ZsthA
iwks ftu Ykvh iEk th pDkfJnk ;h.dk; ;kozrh wk;No ;B, pkeh dftzdo f;zx, pkpk
T[d/ f;zx ih dk g'sok fsob'uB f;zx, nihs f;zx, YZvK tikT[D tkb/ ;B. jopz; f;zx
fw;soh(o'v{) fi; dh ;zfrnk, b[jkoK dk w[zvk ;ki pDkT[D dh ;/tk fBGKT[dk ;h. r[og[opK
dk wBkT[DK, BZro ehosB eZYDK, nyzv gkmK dk eoBK, bVhnK MzvhnK bkT[DhnK, bzro
nkfd dk eoBK, dhtkBK dk ;ikT[DK, j?vwk;No jz;k f;zx ih, frnkBh r[opuB f;zx ih
,wk;No jofdnkb f;zx ih, wk;No eosko f;zx ih ;kB{z nkg ;fj:'r d/ e/ ;/tk fBGKT[d/
oj/. r[o{ ;kfjp ih dh feogk ;h.dhtkBK ftu ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh, wk;No, BroK dhnK
;zrsK Pkwb j[zdhnK ;B. ehosB dh ;/tk ;zs oZyk f;zx ih, eosko f;zx ih, j/woki ih
r[bkw ;kpo fBGKT[d/ ns/ eow f;zx, ePwhok f;zx Grs s/ uzBD ;/tk fBGkT[d/ ;B. vo'bh
tkb/ Ykvh d"bs f;zx nkgD/ iE/ ;w/s ;/tk eod/, j'o eth, okrh, Ykvh, gqukoe, ;e{b d/
ftfdnkoEh jo gkoN ndk eod/ ;B. fJ; d"okB ftu fJBkw bJh P'jos gqkgs ehsh,
;e{b dhnK y/vK epZvh, c[Npkb, jkeh ftu, n?BH;hH;hHe?Ag ftu Gkr gqkgs ehsk.
ekbi fgS'A ;kX{ j'tBKL 1946 s'A 1962 she ;wK ekbok Bro w/A r[ifonk. fiBK
fiBK wjKswk dh ;zrs fgsk ih B/ ehsh, dk;K B/ th nkPhotkd gqkgs ehsh. 1962 s'A
1963 sZe wkjbg[o ekbi ftu gVQ/, Bzrb y[od v/ok fpPBg[oh fojkfJP ehsh. 1963 s'A
1965 sZe nBzdg[o ;kfjp gzikp d/ shoe ;EkBK d/ doPB ;zs wfjzdo f;zx ih wjzs
;kfjp Bkb ehs/ ns/ e[M d/P oND th ehsh. fJBQK dh f;Zyh ;/teh ftZu th rJ/. (B'N)
dk; th pV/ wjKg[oPK d/ ej/ w[skpe jkbK gVQB dh fJZSk ;h go wjzs ;kfjp ih gVQB s'A
jNk e/ 26 ft;ky 1963 B{z nkgD/ Bkb b? rJ/ ;B.nkg ih e[M wjhB/ ;zrsK ftu ftuod/
oj/, fco joy'tkb v/ok ;zsrVQ 28 eZse dk w/bk (po;h) id'A pV/ wjKg[oPK B/ ;oho
fsnkfrnk ;h, nk rJ/.po;h wBk e/ o?b wkiok ;[zdo dk; ih i' T{B/ tkb/ p/bhokw dk
r[oGkJh ;h, T[; dh r[ck ftu fNe/. dk;, dbhg f;zx s/ joGiB f;zx ;/tk ftu ;B.
w{bwzso dk ukbh;k ;zs wfjzdo f;zx ih B/ gqkozG ehsk. ;oho ftu fpnkXh j' ikD eoe/
g{ok Bk eo ;e/. 18 fdB pknd SZvDk fgnk. pkeh dk gkm dk; B/ eoe/ 40 fdB g{o/ ehs/
. T[; s'A pknd nBzdg[o ;kfjp w;s Grs ih dh ;/tk ftu nk rJ/. T[BQK B/ eJh irK
j'brVQ, d'bsg[o Gzvko/ eotkJ/, fco B?Bk d/th d/ g{op tZb B'Awfjb/ n;EkB dh ;/tk dh
nkfrnk ehsh. dk;K B/ fJj ;/tk th nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'A o'ikBk ikDK s/ nkT[DK, fszBK jh
;/tkdkoK B/ fBGkJh. c/o w;s ih r[odk;g[o vkeNo uzBD f;zx ih gk; ub/ rJ/, dk; T[E/
;/tk ftu oj/. fJE/ ofjzfdnk jh itkbk ih w;sK Bkb rJ/. tkg; nBzdg[o ;kfjp nk
rJ/. nBzdg[o ;kfjp v/ok pDkT[D bJh pkpk Gkik f;zx ih B/ gq/oBK ehsh ;h. ;zs wfjzdo
f;zx ih B/ nkfrnk dk gkbD ehsk. fJ;/ n;EkB dh ;/tk th w[zY ftu n;hA fszBK B/ fBGkJh
;h.T[gozs dk; ftZfdnk gVQB dk P"ehB ;h. fJE/ ;/tk dk ezw ;h . T[gokw j' e/ joy'tkb
nkfJnk, fJE/ th w[okd g{oh Bk j'Jh. 1965 s'A 1966 sZe ;zs Pkdh f;zx ih gk; o'gV
oj/. 1966 ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh 300 ;kbk Pskpdh s/ jI{o ;kfjp s/ sys gNBK
;kfjp doPB ehs/ ns/ jI{o ;kfjp s'A tkg; nKT[fdnK rtkbhno d/ doPB ehs/. 1966
s'A 1967 sZe nBzdg[o ;kfjp, o'gV, ytkik yVe n;EkBK ftu oj/ fco joy'tkb dk i'V
9

w/bk t/y e/ BZro ekbok fty/ rJ/. gzfvs ;[j/b f;zx ih dk fwbkg j'fJnk. T[BQK B/ pqjw
ftZfdnk gVQB dh gq/oBK ehsh ns/ fejk w/oh 7 ;kb nk:{ pkeh j?. fJj nkg s/ you eoBh
j?.fJBQK dh nkfrnk dk gkbD eod/ j'J/ 1967 s'A 1974 sZe e'eoh Bro (cohde'N) fty/
oj/. T[gozs fJBK dh nkPhotkd b? e/ 1974 s'A 1976 she Bro b[N/ok g?+h w? e[Nhnk gk
e/ oj/ ns/ r[o{ jookfJ ;kfjp ih d/ n;EkB u"Ask ;kfjp dh ;/tk eod/ oj/. fBopkD
fefonk oZyh, G'iB gkDh nkg jh fsnko eoe/ ykDK, ;e{b ekbi s'A jh P[o{ ehsk frnk ;h
. ;e{b, ekbi d/ Bbe/ dk gkDh ns/ dtkJh Nhek nkfd Bk tosDK. fe;/ dk pfDnk nzB
iK fBT[Adk Bk ykDK. nfijh fefonk fto;/ s'A jh ;h, ;'X ;[uw oZyDhA ihtB dk gqXkB nzr
fojk j? i' nZi she ubdk ik fojk j?. ;fsr[oK dh feogk j?. 15 g'j 1974 B{z ;zs ;[j/b
f;zx ih nXozr dh phwkoh Bkb thotko tkbh oks B{z 3 ti/ ;oho fsnkr rJ/. BZE{tkbk
fty/ gzfvs GkB f;zx ih fJzBQK d/ ftfdnk r[o{ ih dh ;wkX tkb/ r[od[nko/ d/ njks/ ftu ;zsK
dk ;z;eko ehsk ns/ pknd ftu eow fefonk eoe/ fJE/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk ;[y
nk;D n;EkB pDk fdZsk j?. ;zB 1969 ftu r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh gzith Pskpdh wBkJh
rJh. 1973 ftu r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh shih Pskpdh wBkJh rJh. ;zs eosko f;zx
ih fGzvoK tkb/ iE/ ;w/s, ;zs eosko f;zx ih ;[bskBg[o tkfbnK d/ T[dw Bkb nkJ/. ib{;
eZY/ , r[ows gquko, nzfwqs gquko ;zuko j'J/. dk; th fJ; ;w/A s/ gj[zu/ ns/ ;zrsK dh
n;h; gqkgs ehsh. 1977 ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o ;kfjp dh u"Eh ;EkgBk wBkJh. 1979 ftu ;qh
r[o{ nwodk; ih dh gzith Pskpdh wBkJh. 1963 ftu gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk ftu
Ekgh rJh ;h. 1969 ftu r[o{ BkBe :{Bhtof;Nh nzfwqs;o ftu Ekgh rJh. 1976 s'A
1982 she ;[bskBg[o ;kfjp fty/ oj/. gfjb/ r[od[nkok jZN ;kfjp ih fty/ ;zs pkpk
eosko f;zx ih dh p/Bsh s'A ;qh BkBe gqekP ih dh eEk gqkozG ehsh ns/ c/o e[M fuo fgS'A
r[od[nkok p/p/ BkBeh fJ;soh ;s;zr fty/ eEk dk G'r gkfJnk frnk. fco e[M ;wK y[tki/
yVe ub/ rJ/,T[gozs r[od[nkok ;zs xkN ih fojkfJP ehsh.
e'eoh Bro, ekbok, ;[bskBg[o d/ sfsePk ;kXB L^^
Bro ekbok fty/ pugB ftu Bdh fJPBkB eoBK, 12 wjhB/A 30 fdB, fco eJh t/o
fJe bZs Gko yVQ e/ bZe^bZe gkDh ftu gzi i[gih ;kfjp ih gVQ e/, fJ; soK d{ih bZs
Gko yVQe/ gzi ig[ih ;kfjp ih d/ gkm eoB/. xo e'm/ T[go izrb/ Bkb p?mD i'rh M"AgVh ;h
fi; ftu ;[zdo r[Ne/ ih dk gkm eoe/ u"AeVk y'bDK, xo ftu ;[zdo r[Nek gqekP eoBK,
wjkoki ih dk ;o{g ;wM e/ ;/tk eoBh, iBw ;kyh dk gkm eoBK. Bdh d/ po/s/ ftu N'nk
g[ZN e/ b[e e/ p?m ikDK ns/ GiB eoBK nkJ/ ;kX{ ;zsK dk fJPBkB s/ bzro dh ;/tk eoBh,
w'oK B{z o'IkBK wZeh d/ dkD/ gkT[D/, rT{nK B{z g/Vk d/DK. w'oK B/ fgnko d/ t; j' e/ jZEK s'A
u[zM Bkb dkD/ ykD/, fefonk ;h. fJeKs ftu ofjDK sho XB[y jZEhA pBkT[D/ ns/ ubkT[D
dk P"Ae oZyDK. ;koh fizdrh ftu skP, ok;, BebK, f;B/wk, N?bhthIB, o/vhT[, Bku,
w?rIhB, o;kfbnK, BktbK s'A gqj/i, ;Zu rqzEk Bkb w[Y s'A gqhsh Xkofwe n;EkBK s/ d/r
eotkT[D dk P"Ae s/ nfEshnK dh ;/tk dk g{ok^g{ok P"Ae, G[Zy/ ofj e/ th ;/tk eoBh. wjzs
mke[o dk; ih B/ fNZek ;kfjp s/ sgZ;h ih B/ nekbh f;zx efj e/ g[ekoBK. fbpk; gziK
eekoK dh ofjs, gVQB ekb xVh c?PB nkfd bkT[D dk T[Zek jh gqj/I fojk, b;D, eZuk
10

zYk,nzvk, Pokp wk; dk T[ek jh gqj/i. e/;K B{z iBw s'A jh T[;sok Bjh S[jkfJnk.
fBsB/w, fJPBkB ftu ed/ Bkrk Bjh g?AD/ fdZsk. rohp fBtkI ih dh pyfPP j?. feogk
eoB gqhs ohs ftu coe Bk gt/.
e'eoh fty/ 6000 tkfjr[o{ wzso dk ikg fJe tkoh i's X{g e[zG d[nkok, fJ;/ soK
;t/o/ d[g?fjo Pkw B{z G{w nk;D eoe/ fdB ftu fszB tko S/^S/ jIko ftXh Bkb ikg,
fBsB/w, ftZfdnk dh ;zEK s'A nbfjdk ;h. 6 ;kb fwZmk BK ykDk. fJe t/b/ G'iB nkg
fsnko eoe/ wjKg[oPK B{z Sek e/ SeDK ,G{w nk;D eoBK . ;zrsK dk Pokp wk; nchw
swke{ SvkT[DK w[y fB:w ;h. i' nZi she ikoh j?. wjKg[oPK dh feogk ;dek jIkoK B{z
fpn;BK s'A ofjs eoe/ nzfwqs Sek e/ r[o{ bV bkfJnk j?.
e'eoh fty/ wjKg[oPK s'A gV/Q ;d rqzE L
;koe[sktbh, Gkto;kfwqs, ftukowkbk, nfXnksw gqekP, uDkek okiBhsh,
p?okrPse, ;zy/g fpp/e, gqp'Xuzdo BkNe, ftuko ;kro, fudxB uwB, gzudPh, w'ePgzE,
sstknB{ ;zXkB, fposh gqGkeo, fpp/e u{VkwDh, rhsk, Gkrts nfXnksw owkfJD,
;z;feqs s/ GkPk uogN wzioh, soe;zrqfj, t/dKs doPB, :'r doPB, i'r pfPPm
T[gfBPdK, ftPB{z g[okD, fPt g[okD, ;ezX g[okD, wjKGkos, ftnkeoD, r[o{ xo d/ g[;se
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh eEk ;fjs d;w rqzE, GkJh Bzd bkb ih d/ g[;se, GkJh r[odk;
ih d/ efps ;t?:/, tkoK noEK ;fjs, b'j gqekP ih dk gkm, ;{oi gqekP, gzE gqekP, r[o
fpbk;, ;" ;kyh r[o{ xo d/ ;ko/ g[;seK dk nfXn?B ehsk, ftukfonk. r[o{ xo d/ ;ko/ rqzEK
dh eEk fJe t/o ;[bskBg[o ;kfjp r[L jZN ;kfjp, r[L p/o ;kfjp, r[L r[o{ ek pkr g{oh
ehsh. r[og[op bzro dhtkB, eth dopko ehs/ eotkJ/. nzfwqs SekJ/ fJfsnkd. pkeh
fJfsjk;, j'o ftdtkBK d/ g[;se e'P, Nhe/, gfo:k p/nzs t/y/ j[D sK GiB eoB dh jh w[y
brB j?.
;[bskBg[o d/ ;kXB L^
r[L ;zs xkN fty/ b[Ze tkb/ Y'b dk gsok eZN e/ stk pDk e/ e[M ;wK nZmh gfjohA
fgnki gkDh ftu fGT[A e/ s/Ikph wkdk d{o eoe/ G'iB ehsk. b[N/o/ fgzv th G'iB fJe t/b/
nkg fsnko eoe/ 15 fdB ;[ywBh ;kfjp ih d/ gkm, fBsB/w nb?fjdk, pks uhs w/b
fwbkg fe;/ Bkb BjhA. fJ;sohnK dh ;zrs s'A gqj/I, fJeKs pk; oZfynk ;h. fJj' jh
fB:w ekch no;k ;[bskBg[o fojk pbfe 15000 d/ B/V/ ftneshnK B{z fpn;BK s'A ofjs
eoe/ r[o{ bV bkfJnk ns/ p/nzsK B{z nzfwqs SekfJnk ns/ eJh ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ftfdnk
dkB, dtkJh p{Nh dk frnkB, wzsoK izsoK dk frnkB fdZsk. eJhnK B{z dk;K s'A dtkJh Bkb
;ohoe nokw s/ g[soK dhnK dksK gqkgs j'JhnK.
p/nzsK d/ ihtB ftu gqhtosB nkJ/ i' nkgDh fw;kb nkg jB. fJE'A she ndkbsK
d/ iZiK s/ f;tb nc;oK B/ Pokp wk; dk gqj/I eoe/ nzfwqs Se/, ;fjiXkoh r[of;y pD/.
fiBK ftu wk;No r[opuB f;zx ih fiBK d/ y/s ftu dk;K dh e[Nhnk ;h, iZi feogkb f;zx
11

ih, n?;LvhLULgowihs f;zx ih, gNtkoh wB'jo bkb s'A ;LwB'jo f;zx ih, johP s'A i'rk
f;zx nkfde ftnesh toBD :'r jB. fBsB/w s'A fGzB fJE/ 100 wkbk tZvh w{bwzso dh
o'IkBk P[o{ ehsh ;h i' nZi she ikoh j?. r[o{ ;kfjp nkg jh feogk eoB fB:w s/
gqsfrnk B{z g{ok fBGkT[D. n;hA eb:[rh iht eh jK T[jBK dh jh pyfPP j't/ fgzrbk gjkV
uVQ iKdk j?. fJ;/ d"okB ftu ;zs fGzvoK tkb/ th iE/ ;w/s doPB fdzd/ oj/ jB. ;koh ;zrs
;/tk dk bkG b?Adh j?. p/nzsK B/ nzfwqs dhnK dksK gqkgs ehshnK. d' wjhB/ r[odk;g[o i/bQ
ftu w'ou/ d/ ;pzX ftu oj/. T[E/ th eEk ehosB Bkw pkDh dk gqtkj ubk e/ ekch fJybkeh
s/ oki;h e?dhnK s/ i/b eowukohnK dk ;[Xko ehsk. v/o/ tkb/ ;zs iZrk f;zx ih ;qh wkB
fszB t/o dk; B{z b?D tk;s/ ;[bskBg[o rJ/ ;B go nzB ib pkeh ;h. i/b s'A e[M wjhB/ pkd
;[bskBg[o oj/ fco i'V w/b/ s/ joy'tkb nkJ/. frnkBh i'X f;zx ih ;oho SZv rJ/ ;B. ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh eEk wko{ ;'jfbnK s/, gzE gqekP ih dhnK fszB g'EhnK dh eEk phu
S'v rJ/ ;B. dk;K B/ g{oh eoe/ u/s dh ;zroKd 1983 ftu G'r gk e/ ;kX{ ;zw/bB s/ eth
dopko eotk e/ ;zrs dh n;h; gqkgs ehsh. nZr/ eEk jkbK gqkozG BjhA ehsh. jkbK y[bh
eEk jh eohdh j?. fJE/ uko t/o nzfwqs gkB th eotkfJnk j?. p/nzsK d/ fpn;B SvkJ/
jB. ;zs frnkBh i'X f;zx ih s/ dk;K B/ fwb e/ ;zs wjkoki joy'tkb tkfbnK dk fJfsjk;
gziK fibdK ftu fsnko ehsk ;h. ;zs i'X f;zx ih Sgtk Bk ;e/. nekb ubkDK eo rJ/.
j[D fJj ;/tk dk;K d/ fizw/ j?. fJe g'Eh Sg rJh, d{ihnK dh ;[XkJh eoe/ SgD bJh
fsnko ehshnK j'JhnK jB, ;w/A nB[;ko Sgtk fdZsk ikt/rk.j[D fJj fJfsjk; Sg u[Zek
j?.
v/ok joy'tkb fty/ nkfJnK B{z nZm wjhB/ r[io rJ/ jB. dk;K s'A gfjbK ;zs nkswk
f;zx ih eEk dh ;/tk, frnkBh i'X f;zx ih s'A pkd fBGKd/ oj/. fJBQK s'A gfjbK brksko 17
;kb ;zs pkpk joh f;zx j'sh wodkB tkb/ i' wjKg[oPK d/ r[oGkJh ;B, pV/ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb
;/tk fBGKd/ oj/.nkg ih B/ p/nzs gqkDhnK B{z r[o{ bV bkfJnk.nkg ih d/ fwbkg tkbh ;zrs
dk;K Bkb th pj[s fgnko eodh j?. nZi 28^7^83 fdB dk wfXnkB j?. nZr/ ;wK
tkfjr[o{ d/ j[ew ftu j?. sfsePk ;kXB gfjb/ tkbk jh uZb fojk j?. nzpK dh o[Zs j?.
gfjb/ GkJh GrtkB f;zx s/ GkJh eosko f;zx ih, ;zs frnkBh r[opuB f;zx ih fGzvoK
tkfbnK d/ g[so s/ GkJh ntsko f;zx ih g"soK ehosB n"o eEk d[nkok fBjkb eod/ oj/
jB. j[D ;zs feqgkb f;zx ih T[BK d/ ftfdnkoEh eEk d[nkok d'B'A t/b/ ;zrs dh ;/tk
r[opkDh ns/ fJfsjk; okjhA eo oj/ jB.
;zs irihs f;zx ih (fBowbk)
wjhBK 13 ;ktD, fdB n?stko(28^7^83) dh b/yDh ;zws 2040
;ktD tdh.
12

B/Pmk L^
e"B efjsk j? fe dhdko BjhA j'sk, nkdwh y[d jh sbpdko BjhA j'sk j?.
s[w fgnko eo' T[B;// t' Bk eo/ fgnko s[wj/A, J/;k s' ;oeko Bjh j'sk j?.
i'dVh L^
eow/A BIo ;/ ip iBkp d/y/Ar/, s' jw Gh ngB tes w/A fJBebkp d/y/Ar/]
e[M fJfsjk;e sE
1H26 iBtoh 1164 JhL B{z okik ph;b d/t B/ fdbh s/ fis gqkgs ehsh.
2H 26 iBtoh 1175 JhL B{z w[jzwd r"oh B/ w[bskB s/ fis gqkgs ehsh.
3H 26 iBtoh 1265 JhL B{z Bk;odhB wjw{d dh w"s j'Jh.
4H 26 iBtoh 1299 JhL B{z nbkT[dhB fyibh B/ bVkJh d/ w?dkB ftu feb/ dh Bkekpzdh ehsh.
5H 26 iBtoh 1333 Jh L B{z fJpBps{sk dk Gkos nkT[DK.
6H 26 iBtoh 1556 Jh L B{z jwk:{z dh w"s .
7H 26 iBtoh 1744 JhL B{z T[od{ d/ gfjb/ eth dh w"s.
8H 26 iBtoh 1792 JhL B{z nzro/IK dk Nhg{ ;[bskB Bkb :[ZX.
9H 26 iBtoh 1832 JhL B{z nzro/IK B/ ;G s'A gfjbK ekpb s/ y/wk bkfJnk.
10H 26 iBtoh 1835 JhL B{z nzro/iK B/ gfjbh tko ;wkuko gZso B{z ;[szsosk fdZsh.
11H 26 iBtoh 1853 JhL ftu gfjbh tko Gkos o/b ;EkgBk.
12H 26 iBtoh 1862 JhL B{z pzp/ jkJhe'oN ;Ekgs ehsh.
13H 26 iBtoh 1886 JhL B{z g'opzdo (r[ioks) ;N/PB dk fBowkD j'fJnk.
14H 26 iBtoh 1903 JhL B{z gfjbk fspsh fwPB Gkos nkfJnk .
15H 26 iBtoh 1930 JhL B{z Gkoshnk okPNo eKro; d[nkok g{oB nIkdh gqkgs eoB dh x'PDK.
16H 26 iBtoh 1931 JhL B{z wjkswk rKXh i/b s'A w[es j'J/.
17H 26 iBtoh 1542 JhL B{z P/oPkj B/ jwk:{z B{z jokfJnk
18H 26 iBtoh 1792 JhL B{z nzro/IK s/ Nhg{ ;[bskB dk gfjbk :[X P[o{ j'fJnk.
19H 26 iBtoh 1814 JhL B{z JhPN fJzvhnK ezgBh ns/ GkoshnK ftu c?A;bk j'fJnk.
13

20H 26 iBtoh 1824 JhL B{z pzpJh ftu p'opzdo PN/PB pBDk P[o{ j'fJnk.
21H 26 iBtoh 1830 JhL B{z BkdoPkj B/ gfjbh tko fdZbh t/yh.
22H 26 iBtoh 1832 JhL B{z nzro/IK B/ ekpb s/ epIk ehsk.
23H 26 iBtoh 1918 JhL B{z ;z;ko dh d{ih bVkJh ysw j'Jh.
24H 26 iBtoh 1949 JhL B{z ;zftXkB pfDnk s/ 1950 JhL B{z bkr{ j'fJnk.
25H 26 iBtoh 1950 JhL B{z Gkos dk ;zftXkB pfDnk.
26H 26iBtoh 1967 JhL B{z izw{ ePwho dk BtK ;zftXkB bkr{ j'fJnk.
27H 26 iBtoh 1966 JhL B{z nzso okPNoh ftek; ;zXh dk ;wM"sk gZso fsnko j'fJnk.
28H 26 iBtoh 1969 JhL B{z wdok; dk Bkw skfwbBkv{ oZfynk .
29H 26 iBtoh 1972 JhL B{z gqXkB wzsoh fJzdok rKXh B{z Gkos osB dh T[u T[gkXh Bkb
;BwkBs ehsk ;h .
30H 26 iBtoh 1982 JhL B{z wdo No/;k B{z Gkos osB dh T[gkXh fwbh.
31H 26 iBtoh 1530 JhL B{z pkpo dh w"s fJ;/ fdB fjwk:{z P/oPkj ;{oh B{z fPoes fdsh.
fi; d/ w"Vt/A itkp ftu fJ;/ fdB P/oPkj ;{oh B/ fiZs gqkgs ehsh.
32H 26 iBtoh 1720 JhL B{z BkdoPkj B/ fdZbh b[ZNh.
33H 26 iBtoh 1778 JhL B{z nk;Nq/bhnk B/ nIkdh dk fdB wBkfJnk.
34H 26 iBtoh 1858 JhL B{z fJzBew N?e; bkr{ ehsk.
35H 26 iBtoh 1861 JhL B{z w[eZdfwnK dh ;[DkJh bJh pzp/ ftu T[u ndkbs dk rmB ehsk.
36H 26 iBtoh 1869 JhL B{z Bfjo ;t/i ukb{ ehsh.
37H 26 iBtoh 1876 JhL B{z Gkos ftu, ebeZsk, pzpJh o/b ;co nozfGnk, gfjbk fdB ;h.
38H 26 iBtoh 1882 JhL B{z gfjbh N?bhc'B ;/tk ebeZsk, wdok; P[o{ j'Jh.
Gkosh izr/ nIkdh d/ fJfsjk; dk 26 iBtoh 1930 JhL B{z fJe ni/jk fdB ;h id
bkj"o fty/ okth d/ ezY/ Gkosh B/sktK B/ gq;skt gk; ehsk.
Gkos Bz{ rDszso pDkfJnk ikt/. fJ; rZb dh g{osh bJh Gkosh bhvoK B/ ekch
IZd' Ifjd ehsh, i/bK eZNhnK, vKrk ykXhnK, Pjhdh Ikw ghs/. id nzro/I je{ws B/ fJ;
wzr B{z osh Go BK r"fbnk sK 26 iBtoh B{z GkoshnK B/ “nzro/I' Gkos SZv'” dk Bkjok
p[bzd ehsk.
14

39H 26 iBtoh 1969 JhL B{z jfonkD/ ftu fjzdh B{z ;oekoh GkPk dk fyskp fdZsk.
40H 26 iBtoh 1969 JhL B{z g[osrkb r'nk B/ cohvw ckJhNo w'jBokBk v/n B{z fojk
ehsk.
41H 26 iBtoh 1969 JhL B{z Gkosh fsqb'e uzd B{z nikd ehsk.
42H 26 iBtoh 1969 s'A okiXkBh n?e;gq?; B/ th :kso{nK B{z nkgD/ fB:w dk ;[tko pDk
e/ fdZbh s'A jktVk se dk ;co P[o{ ehsk.
(;[doPB e[wko jkIhg[o)
foPh Ppd L^ foP Xks{ s'A pfDnk j?. fJ; d/ noE jB d[Zy MZbDK ns/
fwjBs eoBh. x'o sg ftu i[N/, foPh iK ;zs nytKd/ ;B.
;zsL^ ;zs ;z;feqs GkPk dk Ppd j?. w{b o{g ftu ;z;feqs d/ (;B) Ppd dk
pj[ puB j?. ;B Ppd nk;[ (j'Dk) Xks{ s' pD/ jB. ;B dk g[fbzr o{g j? fi; dk noE j'D
tkbk iK ofjD tkbk ehsk iKdk j?. w"fbe ;kX j'D PpdK ftu ftd dk ;{ue j?. rhsk ftu
;zs ;pd fJ; gqEkfJ tofsnk frnk j? fJ; d/ noE jB gzfvs, ftdtkB, frnkBh, pqjw
frnkBh, T[sw g[oP, ;Bw[y, r[ow[y, ;/te, ;kX, fi; B/ fJzdqhnK t; eo bJhnK j'D.
;zs Ppd wB[Zy d/ uzr/ r[D dZ;D dk gqshe j?. ;' ;s fus nBzd gqwkswk Bkb i[fVnk j't/
T[; B{z Gh ;zs fejk iKdk j?. ;zs Ppd ;s d/ pj[s B/V/ j? ;s d/ noE gqwkswk th jB. ;zs
T[j i' gqwkswk d/ B/V/ ofj e/ Grsh eoB tkbk j't/. ;s s'A ;zs pfDnk. i?Bh nojzs Ppd
tosd/ jB. p'Xh ;Zst Ppd fi; dk noE j? i'Xk iK o{jkBh ;{opho.
nZskfj nZsB' BkE/, e'fj BkE go' f;:k.
nZsBkfj ;[dzs/B, BkE/ bGfs d[bZGz]
& i/ pzdk nkgD/ nkg B{z ;ziwh oZy/ sK d[obZG wkbe B{z th gqkgs eo ;edk j?.
w[;bwkBK B/ n"bhnk s/ pbh Ppd tofsnk j?. ;zs Ppd dk gq:'r gow sZs bJh th
j[zdk j?.
;zs ;pd d/ noE jB ftfPnK dk fsnkr eoe/ Bkw f;woB tkbh j;sh, d{ik
fBPekw ;/tk eoB bJh ftfPnK dk fsnkr eoB tkbk ftnesh.
“jIko' po; Bor; ngBh p/ B{oh g/ o'sh j?.
eGh eGh j'sk j? uwB w/A dhdkto g?dk”]
w/oh fSg/ ofjD dh ukj ns/ fSg N[o ikD dh .
15

;[gB/ ftu s[;hA fwb/ n;kB{z, n;hA Xk rbteVh gkJh.
fBok B{o s[;hA jE Bk nkJ/, ;kvh ezpdh ojh ebkJh]
fydws ykbe, pI[I fydwfs ybe, B/;s.
Service of humanity is service of God.
wkBtsk dh ;/tk jh gqw/Po dh ;/tk j?.
gfjbh eko ;/tk
;zs okw f;zx ns/ oki/ wjkoki/ Pkwb wjkokik P/o f;zx ih d/ ;w/ j'Jh. ;kY/ 6
bZy ;zrs ;h. ;zs nso f;zx ih w;s{nkDk th Bkb ;B.
d{ih eko ;/tk
uko jkV 1980 fdB n?stko, pkpk Pkw f;zx ih B/ 120 ;kb dh T[wo ftu NZe
bkfJnk. 36 bzro ;B.
shih eko ;/tk
1976 Jh;th B{z ;zs pkpk ihtB f;zx ih, ;zs yVe f;zx ih, ;zs ;/tk f;zx ih, ;zs
w[fjzdo f;zx ih joy'tkb, ;zs r[ow[y f;zx gfNnkb/ tkb/.
(;gskje ykb;k n?vt'e/N^f;yh ;zs ;/tk ;zB 1982)
;zs pkpk itkbk f;zx ih joy'tkb tkb/
nkg ih d/ fujo/ s/ itkbk uwedh ;h. nkg ih d/ fujo/ dk ibkb t/y e/ ftnesh
dk f;o pd'pdh T[BQK d/ ;fseko ftZu M[e iKdk ;h. nkg ih B/ fgzv ftu/ r[od[nkok ;kfjp
pDk e/ r[owfs dk e/Ado pDk nd[sh ;/tk ehsh. fJBQK d/ to';kJ/ j'J/ ;zs irihs f;zx ih
nZi eZb ;[bskBg[o b'Xh fty/ eEk gqtkj ubk, jIkoK ftneshnK B{z nzfwqs Sek r[o{ uoBK
Bkb i'fVnk j?. nZi eZb nkg Xow :[X w'ou/ d/ ftu r[odk;g[o i/b ftu d't/A t/b/ eEk
eoe/ w'ou/ ftZu e?d j'J/ f;zxK B{z nzfwqs Sek e/ r[o{ uoBK Bkb i'V oj/ jB.
p/dh bkb f;zx ih
n?vhNo fBor[Dhnkok(uhc ykb;k dhtkB)
nzfwqs;o.
16

P/no
& nkj ro wB pki phBw, o{J/ :ko/ y/; ok ]
sK fenk:s P[eo r'fJw, feodko/ y/; ok ]
&
jkJ/ oZpk w?A ngDh gq/wek ek w[yVk fJe t/o t/y ;eK.
sK w?A ;dk s/o/ fJ; nfj;kB dk P[eo eodk ojKrk.
&
n? nkpPko/ B{jro, ni pfjo/ ehPsh.
wo do fBzr{ cohdk i/, nzd'j/ eh;sh.
&
nkfJnk d/ djd p{d fe u{wk swkB ;p.
;o okpk ;zr ;h idh whrohPsh.
noE L^ n? jT[e/ Godh j'Jh nkpPko, s{z fe; d/ ft:'r ftu jT[e/ Go ojh J/A< f;o B{z
j/mK ;[ZN e/ fe; d/ rw ftu f;;ehnK Godh J/A< eh e'Jh ;kv/ tKr s/o/ firo ftu th fe;/
d/ fgnko dh fuDr ;[br ojh J/< s{z nkgD/ f;o B{z gZEoK s/ gNek ojh J/A s/ ft:'r d/ rkD/
rk ojh J/.
P/noL^y[dh e' eo p[bzd fJsBk, fe jo sedho ;/ gfjb/.
y[dk pzd/ ;/ y[d g{S/, psk s/oh oIk fenk j?](fJepkb)
P/noL^nkPe sK f;o d/D bJh f;o frDd/ B/,
b'eh go ni eb frDd/ B/ pkjK B{z.
P/noL^fi; w/A ;/ fJe ozrh epk, nksP BcP nksP Bck.
dkr/ i[dkJh d/ rJh, ;koh d[BhnK y[dkJh b/ rJh.
&
XzB GJ/ tj f;zx pjkdo, fiBe' ikfoU r[o y[d ;kdo.
w[efsnK ek gd T[B e' dhBk, fydokD/ e' w[es;o ehBk.
&
r[o s/ pbh r[o{ e/ f;y j?, :k r[o ej ;' bJ/ jw fgy j?.
s[Nh f;yh c/o fwbkJh, goT[geko eo:' pj[skJh]
;cb wB[Zy d/ bZSD
nzso' Pkes' pfjo P?t' ;G wX/ t?PDt.
wB ftu j'o efjDh j'o ns/ eoBh j'o]
17

&
BIo BIo ftu fe;/ B{z t;k e/ t/y fbnk.
w?A nkgD/ nkg B{z PhPk pDk e/ t/y fbnk]
ykb;k
\kb;k w/o' o{g j? \k; ] \kb;/ wfj j" eo" fBtk;]
\kb;k w/oh ;'Gk ;hbk ] \kb;k pzX ;yk ;d vhbk ]
\kb;k w/o' GtB Gzvkok ] \kb;/ eo w/o' ;fsekok ]
\kb;k w/o' fgzv gokB ] \kb;k w/oh ikB eh ikB ]
j" \kb;/ e' \kb;k w/o' ] Us g'fs ;kro p{zd/o'] (nzL ehosB 291^92)
&
ezw fe;/ dk fe; soQK fprV ;ed?,
J/j rb s/ ofjzdh P?skB dh nZy]
n?go gZEo s/ jho/ ftu coe eh j?,
fJj sK ikDdh fe;/ edo dkB dh nZy]
T[; tkb ftzrk fejVk eo ;ed?,
f;Xh ihjd/ s/ oj/ GrtkB dh nZy]
fgnko/` :ko dh nZy B pdb ikJ/,
pdb ikJ/ p/Pe ijkB dh nZy]
e?oh nZy Eh i' ;kBz{ t/ydk J/, n;hA T[;dk BZe G[nk fdnKr/.
ikBK tkoe/ gzE d/ j[ew T[s/, fgnko/ gzE dh PkB uwek fdnKr/]
& p[bp[b B/ uwB ;/ nkPhnkBk T[mk bhnk ]
w/oh pbk ;/ p{w p;/ :k j[wk oj/ ]
ividAw vIcwrI qW praupkwrI ] (356)
ftd L^ Xks{ s'A ftfdnk Ppd pfDnk j?. ftfdnk Bkw j? ikBD dk fe;/ t;s{ d/
;jh o{g fdykT[D tkbh o'PBh ftfdnk jh j?.
&
nB/e ;z;:'A S/dh gq'ePk opP: doPez
;ot;: b'uBz Pk;sqz X;: Bk ;fs nzXd/t] (fjs' T[gd/P ftPB{z Powk ;ck 38)
18

noE
nB/e ;zf;nK B{z eZND tkbh gq'y, d{o d/P tosh gdkoEK B{z fdyk d/D tkbh ;kfonK
d/ B/so o{g PkPso ftfdnk jh j?. fi; ftu ftfdnk Bjh T[j fB;u/ eoe/ nzXk jh ;wM'.
&
&
us[okBB u"d; G"B ou/, go Bk ftfdnk ;w skfj wMkok.
r[gs gqfSzB ns[b XB, ftfdnk Bo pg[ ikB]
ftfdnk i; ;[y G'rd/, ftfdnk r[o r[o wkB]
&
ftfdnk pzX gqd/; w?, ftfdnk d/t ft;/y]
g{i fBqg'A eo nx jsh, ftfdnk fpB g;[ d/y]
& Awvn Awey isRsit mih ibnu bUJy psu For ] (251)
= Bo{ wo? Bo[ ekfw B nkt?]g;{ wo? d; eki ;tko?]1](870)
= psU imlih cMigAweIAw KVu Kwvih AMimRqu dyih ] (489)
&
fBzdok, G'iB, G'r, G:, J/j g;[ g[oy ;wkB]
BoB frnkB fBi nfXesk frnkB fpBk g;[ ikB]
&
Xow, dkB, sg, ;hb r[D, ftfdnk fpB i/ izs]
fwos b'e fys Gko s/, Bo pg[ fwqr fpuozs]
&
g[oy nPk;sqh fenk by/, r[D d'yB dh ;zX]
o{g G/d nfXeko e', fenk gqkgs j_? nzX]
&
w[rX g{i fBi Xkw w?, gqG{ g{i fBi Bro]
G{g g{i ;?_ d/P w?, g{i; r[Dh ;wZrq]
&
o{g dop i'pB ;fjs, ;e[b iBw pj[ pzX]
ftfdnk fpB ;'Gs Bjh, fiT[ e/;{ fpB rzX]
&
:dfg o{g eo{g j?, t;sq jhB sB Sko]
sdfg ftfdnktkB e', ;Gk wkfj nfXeko]
&
nbzeko gN G/y fpB, :dfg j'fJ eo{g]
;'Gs ;zsB ;Gk fEs, iB ftfdtkB nB{g]
19

&
&
;Gk ;'G? ftfdtkB
wksk ts ofynk eo/, fgsk fit/A fjseko]
eo/ gq/w fiT[A fwsq to, ;'e Nko ;[yeko]
&
ftfdnk pKXt fiT[A ;eb ekoi d/s ;tko]
dk:e ehos dop eh, sK s/ gVQ/ T[dko]
&
ftfdnk gqkgs Bkfj fifj, ftqs BjhA pKXt BjhA]
feT[A ojhJ/ sj wKfj, Bfj nkdo fij d/P wfj]
&
sp br ftfdnk e' gVQ/, ip br xN w/A gqkB]
ijK XBh gj[zu/ BjhA, sfj gj[zu/ ftdtkB]
&
&
;[G r[D nt;o e/ gVQ/, ;'Gktzs wBke]
wksk fgsk ;' ;sq j?, pkb gVQkts Bkfj]
;'G Bk gkts ;Gk wfj, fiT[A pr jz;B wkfj]
&jk jk` g[so B nXhsz, ;[ rfs sk;{ rsqh ;{]
s/B s_z ftd[;K wX/ gze/, rT{fot fP: X;h]
noE^ e'Jh foPh nkgD/ nBgVQ g[so B{z fe;/ f;nkD/ ;wki ftu yVk t/y e/ o' fgnk, jk
ePN eg[so s{z Bk gfVQnk, s/o/ fdB s/ oks fwZNh xZNk T[VKd/, ;[Zs/ gJ/ d/ phs rJ/ s?A
ftfdnk tork osB B gqkgs ehsk. j/` g[so id ed/ th s{z ftdtkBK dh ;Gk ftu ikfJnk
eo/Ark s/ok T[E/ fe;/ nkdo BjhA eoBK. w?A y[d s/oh so;:'r jkbs t/y e/ Pow dk wkfonk
fJT[A fBok;sk ftu v[Zp iKtkrk fit/A gze & fuZeV ftu rT{ yVh j[zdh j?.(fjs'gd/P fpPB{
Powk)
gzfvs r[bkp f;zx ih L^
fiB pkbe Gkt ;[ y/b ws/, Bfj ftfdnk bJh ir w? o; GhBh]
i'pB w/ o; G'r eo/, Bk dbh nfo eh X[iBh oD ghBh]
fJe' nfg r[DtkB g[sq' fBor[Dk ;u Ps;' ntoL
J/e; uzdq' sw' jzfs Bu skok ;jz;ok:]
20

noE L n"r[DK Go/ ;" g[soK Bkb'A ftdtkB r[Dh fJe g[so uzrk j?. fi; soK jIkoK
skfonK Bkb'A fJe uzdqwK finkdk gqekP j'D eoe/ uzrk j?. nkekP ftu yV/ j'J/ jIkoK sko/
nzX/ok d{o BjhA eo ;ed/, uzdqwk fJeZbk jh ;ko/ ;z;ko dhnK ;bkwK b? b?Adk j?.
&
fez iksk pj[ g[sqj P'e ;zskg eko ek]
tow/ek e[fbzwkbzfG psq ft;okw:s/ e[bzw]
J/e/Bkfg ;[g[sq/D ftfdnk :[es/B ;kX{Bk]
nbkj fdsz e[bz ;otz :Ek uzdo/D ;otoh]
&
fez s;:k feq:s/ X/Btk :kBk d'rXqh B roGDh]
e' noE L gqsq/D iks/B :'B ftdtkB B GrshtkB]
foD eosk fgsk ;so{ wks u fpGukoBh]
Gko: o{gtsh ;aso{ g[sq ;so{ ngzfvs L]
ukDe &
ezuB j'fJ i/ ehu w?A, fpy w?A nzfwqs j'fJ]
ftfdnk j'fJ ng g[oy g?, bhi? jkB B e'fJ]
&
&
dXhuh foPh d/ g[so dk Bkw(;ko;s) ;h. ;[o;sh s'A izfwnk ;h.
ej:' pkbe' t/d gZY:/, ej:' pkb g{s ;[B bZ:/,
w/o/ f;y j'j[r/ ipjh, t/d gVQkt'A s' e' spjh.
eq'X Go/ T[o w?A fofy ;ko/, sp pqjw/ e/ gk; gXko/.
d/t` dXhu g{s j? i'Jh, jw nfs fpqX pkb nfs ;'Jh.
p/d gVQB jw fYr rJ/, g{s g{s eo w[y'A nbkJ/.
(d'jok)
w/o' j't' f;y ip, sph gVQkt'A t/d.
:'A pkbe p?B gqG[, wB w?A pY:' ;[ y/d]
u"gkJh L^
sp us[okBB p?B pykB/, ftfdnk fpoX fpqX ;[o wkB/.
s[w nfs pkb fpqX ;" ejh:?, j'fJ f;y ftfdnk e' bjhn?]
d'jokL
:'A us[okBB p?B ;[B rJ/ foyh;_o ;op]
dXhu g{s e' f;y tj[ GJ/ fwNkJ/ ;[ rop]
21

= jUTn jUiT peI isr aUpir iKnu mnUAw iqlu n fulwvYgo ]7] (1309)
&
r[ow[yh nZyo i' j? GkJh, f;y f;y s/ ;hy? ikJh]
j'o ftfdnk ifj ifj e'Jh, ntoB s/ Gh b/t? ;'Jh]
&
fos{ X[i okik dh ;[gsBh wzdkb;k B/ nkgD/ ;st/A g[so nboe B{z b'oh
fdZsh.
;b'eL ;[X' ;h p[X' ;h fBoziB' ;h, ;z;ko wk:k goh tois' ;h ]
;z;ko ;[gBk s:Zi: w'j fBzdok: wzdkb;k tke: T[tku g[sq]
noEL j/ g[so` s{z nkgD/ nkg B{z wk; dk b'EVk ws wzB BjhA BjhA s{z sK P[X pqjw u/sB
;o{g wk:k wkb s'A ofjs, ;z;koh w'j wkfJnk s'A ofjs j?. ;z;ko ;[gB/ dh fBnkJh s/o/
nksw ;o{g ftu ebgs (M{mk) j?. fJ; bJh s{z w'j o{gh fBzdoK B{z SZv d/j.
= pUqw mwqw kI AwsIs](496)^wksk GkBh ih B/ r[o{ noiB d/t ih B{z b'oh fdZsh ;h.
Gkosh wkskL
;zeokukoi fdr fti? eodk nkfJnk. wfjPwsh g[oh ftu nk e/ gkDh
GoB tkbhnK e[VhnK s'A wzvB fw;o dk xo g[fSnkL
;[sj LgqwkfD gosjL gqwkfD ehokrBk :sq frok tdzvh. d[nkok nzsq;Ek BhVKsq ;zB:
o[Xk ikBhsh sB wzvB fw;o Xkwz]2] cb gqdz eow cb gqi'ij GhoKrBk :sq frok tdzfs]
d[nkok nzsq;Ek BhVKsq ;[zB: o[Xk ikBhsh sB wzvB fw;o Xkwz] irs X[otz f;nks irs
nX[otz f;nks ehokrBK :sq frok tdzfs ]d[nkok nzsq;Ek BhVKsq ;zB: o[Xk ikBhsh sB
wzvB fw;o Xkwz.
noE L ^ bVehnK B/ fejk j/ ;[nkwh ih wzvB fw;o d/ xo dh fJj fBPkBh j? fi; xo d/
p{j/ d/ nZr/ fJ;fEs s's/ dh fJ;sqh s'sh s/ (w?Bk) fJj uouk eo ojhnK j'D T[E/ s{z wzvB
fw;o dk xo ;wM b?Dk eh uouke T[so L^
;[D' ;[sj gqwkDz gqsj L^
gqwkD Gkt eh pqjw ;_s/ gqwkD j? e/ gqs/ gqwkD j?, fJj
uouk fiE/ fgzio/ ftu p?m/ ikBto eo oj/ j'D T[E/ ikDhA wzvB fw;o dk xo j?. j'o cb
d/D/ tkb/ eow jB fe JhPo sh;ok irs (Xo[t) fJ;fEs ofjD tkbk j? fe BkPtkB< fJj
ftuko fiE/ gzSh eo oj/ j'D T[E/ fBPu/ eoe/ wzvB fw;o dk xo ikDhA. (Gkosh)wzvB
fw;o d/ xo tkbh ;h.
& nwoe oki/ dh ekfJnk ftu gqt/P eoe/ tks;k:B (ekw PkPso) gVQ e/ wzvB fw;o
B{z u/bk pDkfJnk. wzvB fw;o B{z u/bk pDk e/ fJ; dk Bkw P[o/Pokukoi oZfynk.
22

& AklI swihbu syvIAY AklI pweIAY mwnu ]
AklI piV@ kY buJIAY AklI kIcY dwnu ]
nwnku AwKY rwhu eyhu hoir glW sYqwnu ] 1 ] (1245)
;qh yzv ih fbyd/ jB
fe;/ sKJh c"i fgnkoh fe;/ sKJh w"i fgnkoh, fe;/ sKJh ;"i fe;/ gqhs gotko dh]
fe;/ B{z wPhB fgnkoh fe;/ B{z IwhB fgnkoh, i'rhnK B{z phB fe;/ pki fgnkoh sko dh]
fe;/ sKJh wkfJnk e'Jh ekfJnk ;/ fgnko eo/, e'Jh ukj/ SkfJnk T[s/ jo gqeko dh ]
nZv' nZvh brB*u wrB pE/o/ b'e, ftfdnk fgnkoh ;KMh ;ko/ ;z;ko dh ]
fe;/ wzBh ekbh e'Jh wzBdk egkbh sKJh, fe;/ jho f;nkbh dh pikJh YZv eko dh]
fe;/ B/ GtkBh wzBh fe;/ pkepkBh wzBh, fe;/ okik okDh ;/tk ;oeko dh ]
fe;/ wzBh ;hsk fe;/ okXek ;/ okr ehsk, e'Jh g{ik eo/ T[wk owk dopko dh]
nZv' nZvh wIQpK B/ d/thnK pDkJhnK nZv, ftfdnk dh d/th ;KMh ;ko/ ;z;ko dh]
fe;/ fe;/ eoh j? soZeh pkj{ pb Bkb, ftu ;z;ko gkJh XKe sbtko dh]
eJhnK XB you e/ eoh ekw:kph e[M, pj[fsnK ft;ko fdsh ;[X xo pko dh]
;[zdo ;o{g us[okJh Bkb tfXnk e'Jh, fe;/ B/ y[Pkwd eoh j? Bo Bko dh]
j'o e'Jh uhI fJe BjhA T[Zuk eoB tkbh, ftfdnk soZeh eo/ ;ko/ ;z;ko dh]
w'shnK s'A T[uh PkB fJjdh jhfonK s'A, osB itkjo s/ wkDeK s'A ;ko dh]
nkB PkB wkB B{z tXkt/ ;z;ko ftu, nkgD/ fgnko/ T[Zuh Nh;h s/ ybQko dh]
Bhu'A T{u eo d/t/, nzfBQnK B{z B?D fJj, d?th r[D dZ; e/ s/ n"r[DK B{z wkodh]
j'o e'Jh T[Bsh dk ;kXB B iZr ftu, ftfdnk soZeh eo/ ;ko/ ;z;ko dh]
= jy mohwkw Gru muhY Gru muih ipqrI dyie]AgY vsqu is\wxIAY ipqrI cor kryie ](472)
& f;y f;yDh fwb pj?A, uouk eo/ ngko] GiB f;ykt? g[so e' jfo Gi pkozpko]
& f;y f;y e' ftfdnk f;ybkt? ] BrB f;y e' p;sq UYkt?]
& uYhnfj gY:' nbg e? xB', ;[X p[X ;[Xko? wB']
r[D ntr[D eop' nB eop', ikB? ;G eh P[X T[o Xop']
23

gYB fty? r[D nj? nB/e{, ;dr[B gqkgs nkfd fpp/e{]
:Ks/ gYB nj? pj[ Bhek, nBgVQ oj? nzX pj[ jhek]
no r[ow[yh gYB i' eoB', ;op'sw ;G ws e' XoB']
ig[ih nkfde g[zB T[gkt?, nfBe iBw e/ eb[y fwNkt?]
= sqI phrI squ Blw bhIAY piVAw pwis]
EQY pwpu puMnu bIcwrIAY kUVY GtY rwis ](146)
& r[ogo;kdh ftfdnk thuko? gfV gfV gkt? wkB[] (1329)
= mn smJwvn kwrny kCUAk pVIAY igAwn ]5] (340)
= mMdw iksY n AwKIAY piV AKru eyho buJIAY]mUrKY nwil n luJIAY]19](473)
&
ftfdnk ddksh ftB:z ddkfs gkso skw]
gksq sk XBz wkgB'fs xzB Xow ss ;[yz](fjs' T[gd/P)
noEL Xkofwe ftfdnk g[oP ftu fBzwqsk g?dk eodh j?. fBwosk s'A ;[gksqsk gqkgs j[zdh
j?. ;[gkso g[oy jh B/e Bhsh Bkb XB ewk ;edk j?. T[; XB s'A Xow j[zdk j? fs; Xow s'A
jo soK d/ ;[y fwbd/ jB.
&
e' noE L g[s/qD iks/B i'B ftdtkB B XkoweL
eD/B ueP{;k feztk ue;{ ghV/t e/tbz](ukDe)
noE L^ fe; ezw j? g[so fijVk ftdtkB Bjh, ftdtkB j' e/ fijVk Xkofwe BjhA T[j
ekD/A B/so tKr{ tkX{ ghVk d/D tkbk j?.
fezs:k feq:s/ XzBtk :kBk d'ArXqh Bk roGDh.
e' noE L
g[s/qD iks/B :' B ftdtkB B GrshtkB]
& ftfdtkB jh ;Zu/ noEK ftu JhPo Grs ;{owk jh fJB;kB ejkT[D dk jZedko j?.
&
iBBh iB? sK Grs iB e? dksk e? ;{o.
Bjh sK iBBh pKM oj? ekfj rtktfj B{o]
&
PkPsq;: ;kPsq;P ftd:k d_? ftX/ gqfs gs/]
nkd: jk;: fpqXs_? u d[sh nkdo s/ ;dk](fjs' T[gd/P)
24

(Xkofwe ftfdnk)
Xkofwe ftfdnk pr?o Gkt/A gVQ' fezBK, sK th T[u gdth edzs BjhA gkT[r/]
Xow B f;y/ fce/ j'i'r/A ;wkB NKv/, wksk fgsk skJh v?w c{b efj ;[DkT[r/]
r[o gho nZr/ s[;hA fBT[DK edzs Bkjh, frNfwN eo ;kBQ tKr neVkT[Ar/]
rb fBeNkJh s/ fJ;kJh GkJh pDi'r/, Xkofwe ftfdnk fpB eh pDkT[r/]
Bk;se pDi'r/ oZp B{z ipkp d/ e/, Xow n;EkB t/y fxqDk T[mkT[r/]
n"Dh BjhA g;zd e'Jh uhi ;kv/ d/P tkbh, w[be gokfJnK dhnK uhiK B{z ;oQkT[r/]
;?AN,g?AN, n?BeK s'A fpBK ;oBK Bjh, p?mDK BjhA G[zR/ MN e[o;h wzrkT[r/.
g"voK s/ ;"voK s'A fpB MZN NZgDk BjhA, Xow ftfdnk pr?o eh pDkT[r/]
fgSb/ jwko/ f;zx g{o/ Xowkswk ;/, oyd/ ofjs s[;hA ojs sikT[r/.
ftfdnk dh okDh r[opkDh B{z i/ SZv p?m/, ykT[r/ GzGb G{;/ c/o gS[skT[r/]
gV'Q nzro/Ih Gkt/A cko;h ;z;feqs, r[opkDh gV/Q fpBK ykbh ofj ikT[r/]
izw izw gVQ' Gkt/A ;kohnK Jh ftfdnk B{z, Xkofwe ftfdnk pr?o eh pDkT[r/]
Xkofwe ftfdnk B{z bkiwh eoko fdT[, r:kBh wjK r:kBh pD ir ;[jkT[r/]
okiBhs Xkofwe d'jK dk fwbkg eo, d/r s/r cs/ Mzvk Xow dk M{bkT[r/]
;i e/ nekbh tkbh j' i' ;koh d[Bhnk d/, Xkfonk Bk Xow fBi fgS/ ofj ikT[r/]
gVQe/ nwb eo' ofjs pfjs oy, Xkofwe ftfdnk pr?o eh pDkT[r/]
9 gzfvs
1Hgzfvs e/Pt 2H ekbh dk; 3Hox[BkE 4HdZsk Bzd 5Hrzvk f;zx 6H okw f;zx 7H ;?Bk
f;zx 8Heow f;zx 9H pho f;zx.
fJ;sqh ;{do' Bk nXh:zs/]
gfjb/ uko pqkjwD iksh d/ jB. d{i/ gzi ekPh s'A gVQ e/ nkJ/ r[of;Zy jB. u/sB
wm ekPh gVQ/ ;B.
7 ;kb ftZfdnk gVQh ;h. fJBQk B/ T[bZE/ ehs/, fjzdh ns/ fpqi GkPk ftu, d?th
Gkrts, ;qh wd Grts, wjkGkos, fpPB g[okD, T[gfBPdK, fjs'gd/P, G'i gqpzX, P[eo
Bhsh, fpdo Bhsh, ukDe Bhsh, :'r tfPPN, i?wBh n;w/X, owkfJD, rhsk, wB{ f;wqsh,
25

p[X pkoX, r'fpzd rhsk, nkfd eJh cko;h noph d/ th soiw/ j'J/. ;kohnK g[;seK dk Bkw
ftfdnk ;kro ;h. :[ZX t/b/ ;o;k Bdh ftu o[VQ frnk ;h. 62 gZso/ fwb/ ;B. T[BQK dhnK
ethsktK jB.
nk;k f;zx eth B/ id'A nkgDh woih Bkb N'p'A fby e/ 500 o[gJhnk dkB ehsk r[o{
ih d/ g[SD s'A L
e/se fdB w/A noih fby, ;fsr[o fBeN gmkJh,
fby/ d'jo/ ftu pBkJ/ eo, ;' w? d/jz[ ;[BkJh]
ebw'tku L^ w[y ekok w/o' eo?, eos Bk goT[geko ]
fs;e' w? fco eo'rh, gbNk fJj[ dopko]
cN Sksh d' N[e GJh, o[dB eos fby iks]
go;_koE goT[geko fpB, w'fj B T[gis PKs]
u"gJh L^ n?;' ebw efjs ;G ;kE, ;' geokJh r[o w[fj jkE ]
r[o eh nkB ip? f;y ehBh, ;jh B w? fumh fby dhBh ]
;op bSwh irs s[wkoh, G[zufs j? fJj f;q;Nh ;koh ]
fJfsnkfde fby fpB? gmkJh, ;[Bs gq;zB GJ/ r';KJh ]
fsj p[bkfJ g[B gkr pzXkJh, eth gqEw ;weko sdkJh](;{oi gqekP)
GkJh ;?Dk ih
e[Se ysk fs;s/ ip j'Jh, Gki r:' g[B nkfJ B ;'Jh ]
;[zdo poB fby/ fus nk:', ;qh r[o fs; e' p'b gmkfJU ]
fBi ;pzXhnB e' fwb r:', nk:' BjhA sqk; T[o G:' ]
Bfj nktB e' j/s pykBk, fby eo d'jk gm:' pykBk]
d'jok L^
ip e' gqG s/ phS[o/, eh:' feqS e' mkN.
fpqy pB ;zrs jw eoh, GJ/ ikN e/ ikN.
GkJh Bzd bkb ih dhnK ouBktK
1H fizdrh Bkwk 2H rzi Bkwk 3H s";hc";Bk 4H ykswk 5H rIbK dhtkB r':k(syZb;)
6H fJB;K d;s{o 7H noi[b fJbckI 8H ofjsBkwk 9H i's fprk; .
26

GkJh Bzd bkb ih B/ bzro th ubkfJnk, fJe t/oh :[ZX bVB bJh nkg ih B/ p/Bsh
ehsh wjkoki ih B/ c[owkfJnk L^
sbtko ;oho B{z xkT[ gj[zuKdh j?. ebw fizdrh B{z v{zx/ fdbK B{z xkT[ gj[zuKdh j?.
nkg ih B{z ebw fdsh j? s/oh fJjh sbtko j?. sbtko tkb/ pj[s j?A. ebw d/ XBh xN jB
(GkJh d:k f;zx ih, GkJh wBh f;zx ih Pjhd, GkJh u"gk f;zx ih, pkpk dhg f;zx ih, pkpk
r[opyP f;zx ih nkfd ftdtkB) nkg ftdtkBK dh pj[s edo eod/ ;B, izr s'A gfjbK jh
pj[s ftdtkBK B{z xo' xoh G/i fdZsk ;h fe nkg ih dhnK fizdrhnK b'VhAdhnK jB. nkg
d/P e"w dk nw'be ;owkfJnk j'. PKsh t/b/ ;Zd btKr/. fJj r[o{ ih dh d{o nzd/Ph ;h
nkg ih ftdtkBK B{z tX s'A tX fJBkw d/Ad/ ;B.
jz; eth
1H d{zdG X[zeko/ pki/ wkB' ib Xo rki/, ris fBPkB G: GkB fSg/ iks j?]
jkEfB e/ jbek jikofB rB/ e' j:, iNfs itkjo i/ irwr rks j?]
e'o ;ki/ i'o eo BkbB e/ P'o ;[B/, Pzes ;[o/P n"o fBo/P fpbyks j?]
jz; okw efjs fpoki' fiB Gki', r[o{ r'fpzd e' wKr/ ethoki ub/ iks j?]
2H wjkGkos d/ eoD gqt dk Nhek ehsk, eth B{z y[P j' e/ p/nzs dkB fdZsk L^
& fgqEw feogk eo oky eo, r[o r'fpzd T[dko, Nek eo/ pyPhP sp, w'e' ;km jIko]
ske' nkfJ; gkfJ e?, eoD got w? ehB, Gkyk noE pfusq eo, ;[B/P eth gqphB]
;zps ;Zsqk ;? po; pktB phsB jko, wkor tfd fsfE d{i e', sk fdB wzrbtko,
jz;okw sk fdB fdB eo:' eoD gop nkozG]
1752 ;zws wZxo tdh d{i B{z w? GkoE dk fJe gop nkozG ehsk. fs;/ g{ok j'D/ go
r[o{ ih B/ fJsB/ gq;zB j'J/, 60 by Nek(o[gJhnk) fJBkw fdZsk.
&
XB noEh XB rB e' gk:', fBi p[X eo r[od/t foMk:']
ngo gdkoE fiB feB ukjk, d;w r[o{ s/ bhB; gkjk]
wjk T[dko w[efs b" d/s, uj[z fd; s/ eth fsnkr fBe/s]
nkB nBzdg[o ehB; tk;k, ;[s fps nkfd gkJ/ ;[yok;k]
i/ fBPekw w[es jh eJh, fese ;zgdk no rfs bJh]
27

wzrb eth s'A ;b: got dk T[bEk eotkfJnk L
r[o r'fpzd wB joy j_?, wzrb fb:' p[bkfJ ] ;b: gop nkfrnk eoh, bhi? s[os pBkfJ]
;zws ;sqj ;? poy, sq/ gB phsB jko] wkXt fos[ fsEh sq"d;h, sK fdB wzrbtko]
;b: gop Gkyk G:', r[o r'fpzd e/ oki] nop yop pj[ dop d?, eo eft iB e' eki]
i" b" XofB nkekP frfo, uzd ;{o ;[o^fJzd] s" b" fuo iht/ irs, ;kfjp r[o r'fpzd]
;zws 1753 wkXt fos p;zs fos Gkt ft;ky dk wjhBk, fEs s/o; s/ fdB wzrbtko
;h fi; fdB ;b: gop dk soiwk ehsk.
nzfwqs okfJ eth L^ bkj"o dk tk;h ;h fi; s'A ;Gk gop dk soiwk eotkfJnk.
d/P pd/PB wfj eft r[Bh, nkt? ub/ ;[ ehos ;[Bh]
dop eo'oj[z br py;zs/, i[r b'rB e/ ;[yB bGzs/]
nzfwqs okfJ eth fJe nk:', eo ehos e' efts fbnk:']
fwb:' fgqEw j{z ehB gqDkw{, pj[o ;[BkfJ ;[i; nfGokw{]
;[B gq;zB ebrhXo j_? e?, oky:' fBeN wkB pj[ e? e? ]
o'I d:' eo dop xB/ok, fJw ;[B ;[B eo ;[i; pv/ok]
;Gk gop sK s/ pBtk:', ;qtD i'r eftsk wB Gk:']
;km ;jz;o o[gZ:k dhBk, f;ogkT[ gPwzpo dhBk ]
e[to/P eth L^
e/Pt dk; j[s' fJe eth, G:' p[zd/b/ yzv w/A ;'fJ]
fsBe' g[so e[to j? Bkw{, ;'G ofus frok nfGokw{]
s[oe eoB Btozr fus uj:', r[Bh nfXe fjzdB wj bj:']
ipfj ;[X fJj fpX gkJh, fsnkr d/; xo r:' gbkJh]
fod? fpuko:' p;B ;EkBk, Bfj gqkgs Gk phu ijkBk]
;[Bh j[sh ;[fX ;qh r[o e/oh, fJe ;w fBpj? Pes xB/oh]
&
;[Bk fBEktB e' s[w EkB, ;dk fBwkBB e' tv wkB]
nj' fBskBB e/ s[w sqkB, n; ;'Gk e' eE? ijkB]
28

s[oe s/i s/ fpB pb fjzd{, Xow fpBk;B w/bs fpzqd{]
wjk sqk; s/ w? ub nkfJT[, ufjs nkgB' Xow pukfJU]
;[B ;qh ;fsr[o Xhoi dhBk, o'I ois gD gzi ;[ ehBk]
efj:' s'fj fgs eth fp;kbk, ouh nkfd eft fgq:k o;kbk]
rqzE wjK GkoE wB Gkt?A, eft rB s/ Gkyk pBtkt?A]
fJw efj oky:' fBeN jw/PK, ;[fB eth nktB br/ fpP/Pk]
dop fpqzd d/ okyfjA sho, gqufj fsB e/ ;zr ;Xho]
uzdB L^
&
Bt ;ks fs:/ Bt ;ks fe:/, Bt ;ks fg:/ Bt ;ks fg:kJ/]
Bt ;ks ou/ Bt ;ks pd/, Bt ;ks fg:k gfj dk:e gkJ/]
ihs ebk Bt ;ksB eh, Bt ;ksB e/ w[y nzuo SkJ/]
wkBj[ w/x e/ wzvb w?A eft, uzdB uzd eb/to SkJ/]
& r[o{ ih B/ fejk fJ; dk noE sK ;kvk xkjh f;zx XzBk ih eo ;edk j?, j[ew j'fJnk
noE eoB bJh efjD bZrk fJj sK n?t/A 16 dh jh frDsh j?.
noE L^ fJe ;'bK ;kb dh fJ;soh B/ ;'bK f;zrko ehs/. T[; dk 16 ;kb dk gsh gqd/P
frnk ;h, 16 wjhB/ fgS'A xo nkfJnk, 16 gqeko d/ ykD/ fybk e/, 16 xoK tkbk u"gV
ftSkfJnk, ;'bK dkT[ gkT[D dh Pos bkJh rJh, 16tK dkT[ ghnk dk g? frnk, 16 xoK tkb/
u"gV dh pkih gsh B/ fis bJh, 16 ebK tkb/ uzd d/ w[y tkbh fJ;soh B/ jko wzB e/ eZgVk
w{zj s/ b? fbnk ns/ w{zj eZi fbnk. uzdB eth efjzdk j? fe wkB'A pZdbK d/ wzvb ftu uzd
dk ;oho Sg frnk j?. fJT[A noE eotk e/ uzdB dk wkB s'fVnk.
XzBk L^
whB wo/ ib e/ go;/, epj{ Bk wo/ go gkte gkJ/]
jkEh wo/ wd e/ go;/, epj{ Bk wo/ sB skg e/ nkJ/]
sh: wo/ gh: e/ go;/, epj{ Bk wo/ god/; f;XkJ/]
r{V w? pks ejh fd_ioki, ftuko ;e' B fpBk fus bkJ/]
eT[b wo/ oft e/ go;/, epj{ B wo/ ;f; eh Sfp gkJ/]
fwsq wo/ fws e/ fwbp/, epj{ B wo/ ip d{o f;XkJ/ ]
f;zx wo/ ip wk; fwb/, epj{ B wo/ ip jkE B nkJ/ ]
29

{V w? pks ejh fd_ioki, ftuko ;e'A B fpBk fus bkJ/]
& uzdB neb d/ x'V/ d[Vk e/ EZe frnk, T[Zso Bk d/ ;fenk, XzBk ih B/ T[so fdZsk,
epj{z Bk gkm B{z gfjb/ fp;qkw ftu oy bt'L^
whB wo/ ib e/ go;/ epj{ Bk, wo/ go gkte gkJ/]fJ; ftu fto'XK GkP nbzeko j?.
jho eth L^ rohph d{o eoB dh fJZSk Bkb ;fsr[o{ d/ uoBK ftu nkfJnkL^
gk; mkY' Mros M[eo do/o? w'fj, pksB eoB gkT{A wjkpbh pho ;']
n?;' nfo fpeN fBeN p;? fB; fdB, fBgN fB;ze ;m x/o? c/o Gho ;']
dkfod eg{s` s/o' woB pB:' j? nki, eoe? ;bkw ftdk j{i/ eth jho ;'A]
Bkso r'fpzd f;zx fpeb eo?Ar/ s'fj, N{e N{e j_? j? rkY/ dkBB e/ sho ;'A]
2H
i?;/ gqfjbkd ;[ogs ehB' gfs d? e/, pkj{ gfs gfs eki? B?e fus d? ;wkohJ/]
i?;/ pb pkX:' Xo pkto ;o{g jho, N{e N{e eo' uksq nKyB gSkohJ/]
Skvs B ;zr i[o:' oj? nkm' ikw w/o/, s/o/ dkB Bkw s/ gq/s w/o/ MkohJ/]
J/e? r[o{ r'fpzd ro{o ik e' pkjB j?, i?;/ w[o wko:' s?;' w/o' nfo wkohJ/]
nkbw L^nkbw d/ Bkw d/ eJh eth j'J/ jB L^
1H fJe wkXtkBb ;zrhs dk T[bEkeko.
2H f;nkb e'Nh okig{s (BuBk) fJ;/ dk fyskp ;h.
3H dPw/P ih dk ;/te.
&
ip db gko Bdh e/ nk:', nkB nkbw/ jw/A irk:'.(pfuZso BkNe)
4H dPw/P ih dk dopkoh eth fi;dh 52 ftZu frDsh j? L^
efpZs L^ ;'Gk j{z ;kro Btb B/j Bkro j?, pb Ghw ;w Phb ejK b" rBkJhJ/]
G{w e/ fpG{yB i' d{yB e/ d{yB, ;w{j ;[yj{z e/ w[y d/y/ s/ nxkJhJ/]
fjzws fBXB, nkB dkB e' pykB/ ikB/, nkbw swkw ikw nkm' r[B rkJhJ/]
gqpb gqskgh gksPkj r[o{ r'fpzd ih, G'i eh ;h w"i s/o/ o'I o'I gkJhJ/]
;kodk L^ feqPB ih dh pz;oh dk nbzeko g/P ehsk j?.
30

;[zdo L^ fJ; Bkw d/ eJh eth j'J/ jB.fJj dkd{ gzEh eth ;h. fi; ;[zdo fpbk;
fbfynk. 1746 B{z fJ; dk d/jKs j'fJnk j?.
PkjijK L^ fJ; B/ ;[zdo f;zrko rqzE fbfynk j?, ;[zdo (fJe eth) fJj j?. fJ; B/ d' SzdK
dk Bw{BK L^
&
1H ;kXB e' f;X ;oBkrsh ;wof;zX[, ;[Xk;o ;[zdo ;o; gd gk:' j?.
e[b e' ebg eth ekwBk e/ ekwso{, e'g ehJ/ ekb ethnB r[B rk:' j?]
d/tB w? dkBt w? wkBt w[BhB j{z w?A, ik e' i; Ikjo ijkB ub nk:' j?]
s/r ;ku' d/r ;ku' ;{owk ;oB ;ku', ;ku' gksPkj r[o{ r'fpzd ejk:' j?]
2H
p/dB wfj Pkw X[B', f;zX wo:kdk w/o, wzvb wjh w? r[fonkJh r[B rkJ/ j']
Pow e/ ;kro ;g{sB e/ f;ow"o, ;[zdo ;[Xk;o ;/ rBkJ/ j']
ouB w/A dkB pkB pkBh johuzd eh ;h, fpds fpB: pv/ pz; ufb nkJ/ j']
s/i e' sofB sotko e' go; okw, r[oB wfj n?;/ r[o{ r'fpzd ejkJ/ j?]
;[dkwk L^ fJe feqPB ih dk ;yk, d{ik p[zd/b yzv dk pqkjwD, 52 ftu'A .
&
J/e ;zr gV/ ntzsek ;zdhgB e/, ;[X nkJh s'A p[bkfJ p{Mh pkwk w?A]
gz[rh cb j's s' n;h; d/s' BkE ih e',
szdb b/ dhi? pKX bhi? cN/ ikwk w?A](g[zrh^;[gkoh)
dhB d[nko/ ;[De/ d:kb dopko fwb/, J/s' e[S dhB/ gkJh nrBs ;kwk w?A]
gqhs eo ikB/ r[o r'fpzd e? wkB/, sKs/ tj? s{z r'fpzd tj? pkwB ;[dkwk w?A]
NjfeD eth L^ 52 ftu'A, gfjbh T[wo w/A f;gkjh fojk. n;_w/X Gkyk rqzE fbfynk,
1726 fpL fsE jkV tdh sq"d;h p[Xtko rqzE ouBK ehsk.
&
NjeD eth ibkb g{otk;h, Ssqh Xow Bzd bkb T[gk;h.
fgsk ozrhb dk; fij BkwK, r:ks u"gok e[b nfGokw]
;wk gkfJ eo r:' f;gkjh, j? feqs Gkyk ejh sjK jh]
gqEw ;j;feqs ;o[fs ;[B bhBh, sKs/ gkS/ Gkyk po ehBh]
16 ;?Bkgsh L^ r[o ;'Gk rqzE dk eosk, ukDe Bhsh dk GkPk nB[tkd.
31

&
r[o{ r'fpzd eh ;Gk w?A b/ye gow ;[ikB. uDkek GkPk eoh eth ;?Bkgfs Bkw]
o'PB f;zx, 36 fbykoh ;fsr[oK gk; ;B. fiBQK ftu 4 pj[s ;q/;N b/ye ;B. fJ;
B/ wjkoki d/ ;tZJhnK d/ noE u[ok e/ gZN s/ fby bJ/ fe xo ik e/ nkgDh eftsk pDk e/
r[o{ ih B{z ;[DktKrk. r[o{ ih G[Zb ikDr/. fJ; B/ xo ikD dh S[ZNh wzrh. r[o{ ih B/ f;ZyK B{z
fejk djhA Bkb fJPBkB eokt', ipod;sh th eo d/DK, wb wb e/ nZyo fwN rJ/,
Pow;ko j'fJnk, r[o{ ih B/ fejk ekby feT[A u[okJh, fJ; B/ pyPD bJh p/Bsh ehsh
;fsr[oK pyP fdZsk.
(ethnK Bkb gqPB T[so)
;qh w[y s/ j[ew pykBk, r[Bh ethPo gzfvs BkBk.
;GfjB e' jeko b/ nktj[, ifj ifj v/o/ sjK f;Xktj[.
;[D e/ ;G ssekb p[bkJ/, fsB e/ d?j' Bkw pskJ/.
e/;' dk; g[so e[to/P, d'qD gop fiB ehB nP/;.
r[Dhnk ;[yhnk pbG nk:', X:kB f;zx r[o dqPB gk:'.
fJfs:kfde gj[zu/ e[M n"o, pzfds G/ ;'Yh f;ow"o.
;kdo p?m/ ;Gk wMkoh, ;G gqfs ;qh gqG frok T[ukoh.
s[w ;rb/ p[Xtzfs fp;kb/, eoj[ ftukoB ftfdnk ikb/]
gqPB L1H ;[gBK feE'A nKT[dk j? <
2H uzd ftZu ekbk dkr feT[A j? <
3H r'v/ s/ gZr feT[A oZyd/ jB <
4H fgPkp eo fgS'A feT[A E[Zed/ jB <
5H nkNk gekD t/b/ s'V fgS'A feT[A bKd/ jB <
6H o[y fpBK feT[A p'bd/ B/ <
7H XB[y dh Nzeko feT[A eod/ B/ <
8H swke{ feT[A BjhA S{zjd/ <
9H dtkdPh dh eEk feT[A BjhA efjzd/ <
1H T[Zso L^ e[to/P eth L^ nzB yk e/ BkVhnK d/ ;{yw Gkt dZp iKd/ jB, fco
rkVh BhAd nKT[dh j?. iht ebk nzB d/ dpk s'A S[ZN iKdh j? sK ;[gBk nk iKdk j?.
32

2H pbG eth B/ fejk L^ uzdqwk B{z ekbe go Bkoh ;zr gkg s'A bZrk j?
3H r[DhJ/ eth B/ fejk L^ fPt ih dhnK iNK ftu rzrk fBebh ejh iKdh j?.
fs; B{z ikB{ foyh B/ gh fbnk ;h fco T[; B/ nkgD/ r'fvnK s'A eZYh ;h sK r'v/
gftZso ej/ iKd/ jB. d{ik fwsq dh PoB nkfJnK gZr f;o ;w/s r'fvnK B{z br
iKdh j? sK gftZso wzBd/ jB.
4H ;[yhJ/ eth B/ fejk L^ fgPkp eo g[oP nP[X j[zdk j?, nP[ZX s/ d{;o/ d/
wzso dk pb g? iKdk j?, fJj u/s/ eo tfjw ftu E[Ze fdzd/ jB.
5H ;?Bkgsh B/ fejk L^ fJ; Gow eoe/ nkNk s'V e/ nZr/ bKd/ jB fe poes
gt/, fit/A fjzd{ jo rZb s'A gfjb/ rD/P ih B{z wBk e/ T[; dk fjZ;k eYd/ jB.
6H r[odk; B/ fejkL^ i' r[o PoB nKT[d/ B/ T[BQK dk jzeko fwN iKdk j? i' s[jkvh
feqgk s'A fpBK jB, T[j nzB/ jzekoh j' iKd/ jB fpBK gq/w w{oy j'D eoe/ p'bh iKd/
jB.
7H ;[yk f;zx B/ fejk L^ t?oh B{z tzrkoB tk;s/ gfjbK XB[y dh Nzeko eoh iKdh
j? i/ pb j? sK w/o/ ;kjwD/ nkt'.
8H eb{nk eth L^ id'A s[oeK dk oki Xosh s/ Sk fojk ;h, T[d'A (irs) i{m
szwke{ ufbnk, sK fe fjzd{nK d/ izso wzsq igD dk cb BPN j' ikt/, fJe d{i/ dk
i{mk gh e/.
9H d[nkdPh dh eEk pkps T[Zso j? L^ fe fJe tko ;ko/ gkg joh d/ gk;
cfonkdh j' e/ rJ/ fe ebh ftu s[jkv/ i; ;pzXh eEk ;kB{z wkoB tkbh j?. fJj ;[D e/ joh
B/ fejk d[nkd;h tkb/ fdB w/oh eEk ;[DBh ftnoE j? Gkt gkg Bk; BjhA eo/rh, X[Bh fe
fjzd{ ws d/ nehd/ nB[;ko fJekdPh dh eEk ;[BDh uzrh j? nkfd.(GkJh wBh f;zx e?p'Atkb)
fonk;s gfNnkbk E/j fgnk j?. d;w rqzE ;zrqfj ehsk, frnkB osBktbh fbyh,
Ne;kb ubkJh.
byh izrb dh nkg dh eftsk L^
byh izrb ykb;k nkD dhdko br/ B/, ;[De/ ;d wkjh dk w/jh gkDh xkj w[s' B/.
fe;/ Bk obhnK ekJh e'Jh i[ P'e fg:' B/,
frnk fcoke fwfbnk fws wkjh skjh P[eo fes' B/ ]
(ihtB eEk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih) eosko f;zx M. A.
33

dwdwk r[o{ eh ekPh L^Ne;kbh noE gVkJ/L
fJj j? gqrN jwoh ekPh, gY j?A JhjK Y'o wfsokPh.
b/ye r[Dh eftzd r:kBh, p[fX f;zX j_? j? fJs nkBh]
d'jokL fJBe/ ekoB ebw xY, d/s gqrN jw vko.
f;y ;yk fJs gY?Ar/, jwo/ eJh jIko.
fJj dwdwk wBh eoBek j? (r[o fpbk; gkL ñú)
fJE/ wkoezv/ B/ sg ehsk j?, gzit/ sys dk wkB gqkgs j?.
fJe PkPso ftfdnk, d{ih PPso ftfdnk j?.
;?| ;o'jh ;?jEh :jh jwko? gho ]3]( nzL ehosB 295)
s[jhA eNkoh dkV iw s{z fpS{U no pkB] s[jhA r[oi s[jh rdk s[wjhA sho s[czr]
Bw' ;qh Gr'sh pY?bh ;o'jh, fis? P;sq Bkwz] Bw;eko skwz, ;op b'j ih dh ofynk
jwB?, (d;w rqzE , ;op b'j, r[o gqskg ;{oi, r[o fpbk;) pj[s ;ko/ PPsoK d/ Bkw jB.
PPsq Bkw wkbk g[okD fty/ sK PkPsqK dk e'P jh toBD ehsk j?.
&
uzdqjk; okwk eo Xkoh. d[fs: X'g rfj fsqsh eNkoh]
us[o jkE ;?jEh T[finkoh. r'cB r[oi eos uwekoh]
gZNfj ;zGkoh rdk T[Gkoh, fsq;{b ;[gkoh S[oekoh]
izp{nk no pkBz ;e; ewkBz, uow gqwkB/ Xo GkJh]
gzdqJ/ rb'bz gkP nw'bz, goP nv'b/ jE Bkbz ]
fpS{nk gjok:z gNk Gqwk:z, fiw iw Xk:z fteokbz ] (okwktsko)
& pZv/ pkD u"o/ ;[ s/r/ i[ fwnkBh. d[Xko/ g[bkdh nB/e? wjkBh ]
f;o'jh jbZph iBZph dJh j?A, eoku'b yzv/ i' eZsh bJh j? ]
;p? b'j eh ;Kr B/i/ fp;kb/. fpS{J/ pZv/ pKe izp{J/ eokb/]
S[o/ e'yBh ;?c bKph pbzd/, xB/ ;/b Gkb/ gqekP/ nwzd/]
&
wb? jhB ;kcz pB/ nzr uzr/ ] swku/ ebkdko ;sqB Gzr/]
s[czr/ izi?bz izp{o/ Xwke/ ] dJ/ uZeq peqz uwZez ubke/]
34

pv/ w'b e/ d{o s/ nkfJ Ykb/, em'oz e[dzv/ tv/ Ui tkb/]
Go/ Gkt GkE/ nB/e? gqeko/, Xo/ pkD g?B/ br/ phAX gko/]
&
ngD/ PkPsqkb/ ekfJw ehs/. eJh s'gK bkj"o gJhnK jB ni?p xo ftu gJhnK jB.
e[M PkPsq d/ Bkw
n;h, noXuzd, ;wP/o, ;kozr, fPekorkj, f;o'jh, ;hyuk, ;{b, ;?c, ;qh ;kfjp,
eNko, eZsh, eokphB, eo"sh, feou, e[fje, pkD, e[eoh, feqgkB, ygok, yzio, yzvk,
rZsek, r[oi, r'cB (r'ghnk) r'bhnk, uZeo BtK uZeo g[okDK, uZeq dzfdnK tkbk, ugVk,
Sth, rzvk;h, S[ok, iwdkV, i[bceko, izi?b, ip{zoB, izG{nk, m'b{ sho, Ykb(f;go),
sskouk, spo, swzuk, sho u[rDk, s/r, (s/rk) s'V/dko pzd{e, fsqP{b, XB[y, ewkD,
Xwkek, X"g, Bkjo Byk (pkxByk) Bkuy, Bkru, B/ik, gZfN;, gEo ebk, g/P epI
pdkwuk, poSk, poSh, pKe, fpS{nk p[rdk, pzfpnkbk B/ik, okJhcb pqhu b'vo, N'ghdko
pzd{e, whB w[yk sho, ohtkbto (g;s"b) b?;tiq fJj PkPso r[o{ ih :[XK ftu tofsnk
eod/ ;B.
uko gqeko d/ P;sq L
i' eZN/ tZv/ T[; B{z P;sq nkyd/ jB fJj uko gqeko d/ jBL^
1H w[[es 2H nw[es 3H w[eskw[esk 4H :zsq w[es.
1H w[es L^ i' jZE'A SZv/ ikD uZeo nkfd.
2H nw[es L^ fijV/ jZE'A Bk SZv/ ikD, sbtko eNko nkfde.
3H w[eskw[es L^ i' jZE'A SZv/ th ikD ns/ jZE th oZy/ ikD poSh rdk nkfd.
4H :zsq w[es L^ fijV/ ebk Bkb SZv/ ikD sho r'bh nkfd w[es Pk;soK B{z n;so
th fejk iKdk j?, nw[es B{z P;so efjzd/ jB. g[okDK ftZu wzsq w[es P;soK B{z th n;sq
fbfynk j?. w'jBk;sq, gktek;sq, toDk;sq, gqtsk;sq, tiok;sq wzso Bkb n;sq finkdk
n;o eodk j?. fJe w/xn;sq wko/, d{ik fto'Xh tk:{ n;sq ubkt/ t?oh nrfB n;sq ubkt/
sK toDk;sq ubkt/. 2 Gkd'A ;zws 1755 d/ j[ewBkw/ i' c{b d/ g[so okw f;zx, fsb'e f;zx
ih B{z fdZsk ;h fbfynk j? w/oh s/o/ go pj[s j'Jh y[Ph j? s/ok xo w/ok xo j?, gfjbh ;so
j?, w/oh s/o/ go pj[s y[Ph j? efj e/ rkso/ dh sbtko pyP fdZsh ;h wjkokik BkG/ gk; j?,
T[go T[eo/ nZyo fJT[A jB L
“r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ ewo eh sbtko pX/ d/r s/ :K s/r s/”
w'jo Skg
&
d/r s/r csj B[;os p/ dozr] :kcs nI BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx]
35

&
nf; feqgkB yzv' yVr s[ge spo no sho] ;?c ;o'jh ;?jEh :jh jwko/ gho]
:w Xo :w dkVk ipo, i' XKse fifj BkfJ]
b{N e{N bhis fsB?, i/ fpB pKX/ ikfJ](PkPsq Bkw wkbk)
&
&
eZS feqgkB B epj{z s:kr/, ;Bw[y bo? B oD s/ Gkr/]
fpBK P;so G? e'J/ Bk eo?^
feqgkB d/ noE jB^ i' feogk B{z go/ c?Ae d/t/, Gkt ubkT[D t/b/ ofjw B eo/ i'
d[PwD s/ fpBK ofjw uZb/.
&
j[ew eo:' nk:[X rB j't?.
d? XB rB xotkT[ ] s'g s[ge izp{o ofjeb/ pj[ izi?b pBkT[.
p[rd/ yzio ;?c d[Xko/ s'wo uZeq yszrK.
uKg s[wku/ ;Kr i[ poSh, eoku"b yo nzrK.
br/ nfBe ekohro xoB?, fgqEw s'g fJe Ykoh.
iB[ iw e' w[y fwqs[ Psq eh S'v/ roiB Gkoh.
gqG fjs pkB pbzd pB/ pj[ Xo phoB e/ xksh.
J/e w[fjo e/ jw/ brfj fs; w[yh g[bkd ;zrksh.
fJs:kfde nk:[X fBs pBs/ goys r[o{ oykt?.
pv/ pkD u'o/ ;[ s/r i[ fwnkBh, d[Xkoh g[bkdh nB/e? wjkBh.
f;o'jh jbZph iBZph dJh j?A, eru'b yzv/ i' eZs bJh j?.
;p? b'j eh ;Kr B/ i/ fp;kb/, fpS[J/ pv/ pKe izp{J/ eokb/.
S[o/ y'yBh ;?c bKph pbzd/, xB/ ;/b Gkb/ gqekP/ nwzd/.
nrB n;sq Skvk sd dkBt, :ks/ GJ/ G;w pj[ wkBt.
to[D n;sq sp ekb ubk:', ;eb nrfB e' s/i fwNk:'.
okS; gtB n;sq ;zXkBk, iks/ T[vs GJ/ rD BkBk.
G{Xok;sq sp ekb gqjkok, ;G f;teB e' gqkD T[Xkok.
w/x n;sq S'ok st dkBt, Ghi rJ/ fi; s/ ;G wkBt.
36

tk:{ n;sq b? ekb ubk:', ;G w/xB ssekb T[vk:'.(ufosq 405)
&
g[Bk ;zr ;ko/ gqG ih ;[BkJh, fpBk s/r shoz oj' BKfj GkJh.
fpBk s/r e/;z Boz G/v ikB', rj/ ekB sk e' fes? b? f;XkB'.
fJj? w'fj nkfrnk ;[B' j/ fgnko/, fpBk s/r e/;z fdt' B fddko/.
fJj? w'o p?B wzB/rk ;[ i'Jh, fs;? fJS g{oz ;G? ikB ;'Jh] (r[o fpbk; gksPkjh ñú)
&
P;sqB e/ nXhB j? oki, i' B Xo/ fs; fprofj eki]
:ks/ ;op ykb;k ;[Bhnfj, nk:[X Xop/ T[sw r[Bhnfj.
ip jwo/ doPB e' nktj[, pB ;[u/s sB P;sq ;iktj[]
ewoe;k eo d/j[ fdykJh, jwoh y[Ph j'fJ nfXekJh] (o[s 3 nz;{ 23)
&
yzv/ eh gkj[b fi;? ;' P;sqB e' Xko,
eo/ ihtek nkgBh gqkopX nB[;ko] (o[s 4 nz;{ 24)
&
nk:[X ftfdnk e' nfGnk;j[ ] pBj[ pho nfo ;w[y fpBk;j[]
irs gdkoE ;ro/ gktj[ ] G'rj[ nkg fe nto G'rktj[]
woj[ :[X wfj ;[or f;Xkoj[ ] ;fjekwh ;[y ;eb fpjkoj[]
fBjekwh j'fJ w[M ;' w/b, gofj B iBw woB e/ r?b] (n?B 2 nz;{ 23)
&
&
eZS feqgkB B epj{z s:kr/. ;Bw[y bo? B oD s/ Gkr/](ofjsBkwk)
wkoB wkoB'A Iok Bk voj?A, w"s uokr gszr/ go j?A]
ukjs fB;fdB b?B Pjhdh ] Nos B oD s/ j_? eo rhdh]
;kE jikoB ph;e boj?A ] Nko/ Nos B wko/ wo j?](gzE gqekP)
pkpo B/ fejk j? L^
nro fcod'P po o{J/ IwhB n;s ] jwh n;s' jwh n;s' jwh n;s]
i/eo fiwh T[s/ e'Jh pfjPs j? sK fJj j? fJjh j? fJjh j?.
^Gkos bJh Ppd^
ftfdnk dk nfXekoh 6 d'yK s'A ofjs j't/.
&
;[yh, ftnkXh, nkb;h e[wfs o;e pj[ ;'fJ]
fsj nfXeko Bfj Pk;sq e' yN d'yh iB i'fJ]
37

fJzBK uhiK dh io{os L^
r[o g[;se G{wh ;[Gr, gqhsw nto ;jkfJ]
eofj fpqfX ftfdnk gmh, tfjo gKu r[D rkfJ]
&
PkPsq gqhs ;[fX p[fX Grfs, T[dw o'r B d/j.
eofj fpqfX ftfdnk gmh, gKuKsq r[D J/j.
&
;jf; r[Dk ftfdnk tX/, g[Bk g[Bk nfGnk;.
o;Bkrq? fB;fdB p;/ fiT[A ib Bhu/ tk;]
ftfdnk fpBk nwb s'A L^
byd purwn pVy kw ikAw gunu Kr cMdn js Bwrw ] (1102)
piVAw mUrKu AwKIAY ijsu lbu loBu AhMkwrw ] (140)
;b'e L^
ftfdnk fppkd: XBz wdks:, Pefs gq/;K gqh ghVkVk::]
ybZ;: ;kX' fpgqhs/ ws/ ss r:kBk: ] dkBk: u oyPDk:]
noE L^ w{oy ns/ P/q;N ;kX g[oy ftu eh coe j? <
w{oy sK ftfdnkfd r[D gqkgs eoe/ pkd fttkd MrV/ orV/ eodk j? no XB nkfd
gdkoE eoe/ wd jzeko eodk j?. fJ;/ soK Pesh pbtkB j' e/ go g[oPK B{z jw/PK
jwekoD ghV dk d[y d/Adk j?. p; w{oy s/ ;kX{ ftu fJjh |oe j?.
& ividAw vIcwrI qW praupkwrI ] (356)
& mn smJwvn kwrny kCUAk pVIAY igAwn ]5] (340)
= piVAw bUJY so prvwxu ] (662)
= mMdw iksY n AwKIAY piV AKru eyho buJIAY]mUrKY nwil luJIAY]19](473)
& r[ogo;kdh ftfdnk thuko? gfV gfV gkt? wkB[] (1329)
= hrxW bwjW qY iskdwrW eyn@w piV@Aw nwau ] (1288)
= kbIr mnu jwnY sB bwq jwnq hI Aaugnu krY ]
kwhy kI kuslwq hwiQ dIpu kUey prY ]216](1376)
38

;b'e
nBzs Pk;sqz, tj[bk;u ftd:k, nbg;u ekb' tj[ ftrBsku Ú.
:s ;ko G{sz sd[ T[gk; Bh:z, jz;' :Ek yPhoz fwtk:{ wX:ks]
noEL nDfrDs Pk;so jB, pj[shnK ftfdnk jB, gVQB bJh ;wK E'VQk j?. fJ; ftu th
pj[s ftxB g?Ad/ jB. fJ; bJh i' ss ;ko f;XKs j? T[j b? b?DK ukjhdk j?. fi; soK jz;
gkDh d[ZX fwb/ ftu'A nkgDh u[zM Pesh Bkb ib ftu d[ZX B{z rqfjD eo b?Adk j? ns/ gkDh B{z
Bhu/ SZv d/Adk j?.
E'Vh nk:{ pj[s ft;Eko]rqzEB ek feT[A gkt? gko](w'y gzE)
P/no
B y[dkUA eh p/ukorh d/y eo, jw e' s[cK w/ e{d ikBk gVk]
&
pks tj[ ejhJ/ fej, fi; pkse/ ;" gfjb{ j']
e'Jh pks gfjb{ s' oj, pks pdbB/ d/ bhJ/]
&
jw wod pk:d ;td ;[yBto ] B fPew/ fdro tk djkB/ fBro]
fJj wjk Bhu nsh nXw ns/ Bkoeh nksk GqPN b'e jB.
Unzeko &
neko T[eko weko g[B noXfpzd{ gfjukB.
uko'A e/ ;w[dkfJ e' Unzeko noE gfjukB]
noXfpzd{ ^ fBozeko u/sB s[ohnk
ftPB{z ^ T[eko pqjwk ^ neko weko ^ fPt ih
;kX{ ihtB bJh b'VhAdh ;wrqh
& jn Awvn kw iehY suAwau ] jn kY sMig iciq AwvY nwau ](295)
= hm sMqn kI rynu ipAwry hm sMqn kI srxw ]
sMq hmwrI Et sqwxI sMq hmwrw ghxw ]1] (614)
39

eosZt L^
fpjkrVk wjbk ô ] sw rsnw Dnu DMnu hY myrI ijMduVIey gux gwvY hir pRB kyry rwm ] qy sRvn Bly
soBnIk hih myrI ijMduVIey hir kIrqnu suxih hir qyry rwm ] so sIsu Blw pivqR pwvnu hY myrI ijMduVIey jo
jwie lgY gur pYry rwm ] gur ivthu nwnku vwirAw myrI ijMduVIey ijin hir hir nwmu icqyry rwm ] 2 ] qy
nyqR Bly prvwxu hih myrI ijMduVIey jo swDU siqguru dyKih rwm ] qy hsq punIq pivqR hih myrI ijMduVIey jo
hir jsu hir hir lyKih rwm ] iqsu jn ky pg inq pUjIAih myrI ijMduVIey jo mwrig Drm clysih rwm ]
nwnku iqn ivthu vwirAw myrI ijMduVIey hir suix hir nwmu mnysih rwm ] 3 ] (540)
r[of;y dk Xow
guxw kw hovY vwsulw kiF vwsu leIjY ] jy gux hovin@ swjnw imil swJ krIjY ] swJ krIjY guxh kyrI Coif
Avgx clIAY ] pihry ptMbr kir AfMbr Awpxw ipVu mlIAY ] ijQY jwie bhIAY Blw khIAY Joil AMimRqu
pIjY ] guxw kw hovY vwsulw kiF vwsu leIjY ]3](765-66))
;zs dk nkdoP
siqguru BytY qw shsw qUtY Dwvqu vrij rhweIAY ] inJru JrY shj Duin lwgY Gr hI prcw pweIAY ]
AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY ] 3 ] (730)
;zsK s' gqG{ dh pks
iblwvlu mhlw õ] sMqn kY sunIAq pRB kI bwq ] kQw kIrqnu Awnµd mMgl Duin pUir rhI idnsu Aru
rwiq ]1]rhwau ]kir ikrpw Apny pRiB kIny nwm Apuny kI kInI dwiq]AwT phr gun gwvq pRB ky kwm
k®oD iesu qn qy jwq ]1] iqRpiq AGwey pyiK pRB drsnu AMimRq hir rsu Bojnu Kwq ] crn srn nwnk
pRB qyrI kir ikrpw sMqsMig imlwq ]2]4]84](820-21)
jT[w? wkVh j?
kink kwimnI hYvr gYvr bhu ibiD dwnu dwqwrw ] AMn bsqR BUim bhu Arpy nh imlIAY hir duAwrw
] 4 ] pUjw Arcw bMdn fMfauq Ktu krmw rqu rhqw ] hau hau krq bMDn mih pirAw nh imlIAY ieh
jugqw ] 5 ] (642)
iBw ;w/A gkm feT[A io{oh j?
hir mih qnu hY qn mih hir hY srb inrMqir soie ry ] (870) (Bgq kbIr jI)
qn mih mnUAw mn mih swcw ] so swcw imil swcy rwcw ](686)
;zs e"D j? L^ slok mÚ 5 ] ijnw swis igrwis n ivsrY hir nwmW min mMqu ]
DMnu is syeI nwnkw pUrnu soeI sMqu ] 1 ](319)
40

;zfBnk; e?;k eo/
o/ wB n?;' eo ;zfBnk;k ]
pB ;/ ;dB ;G? eo ;wMj[ wB jh wkfj T[dk;k ]1](okwebh gksPkjh ñú)
d/;Kso dh ;?b i'r BjhA
jogu n bwhir mVI mswxI jogu n qwVI lweIAY ] jogu n dyis idsMqir BivAY jogu n qIriQ nweIAY
] AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq iev pweIAY ] 2 ] (730)
tkfjr[o{ i' wzr' fdzdk j?
DnwsrI mhlw õ ] cqur idsw kIno blu Apnw isr aUpir kru DwirE ] ik®pw ktwK´ Avloknu
kIno dws kw dUKu ibdwirE ]1] hir jn rwKy gur goivMd ] kMiT lwie Avgux siB myty dieAwl
purK bKsMd]rhwau] jo mwgih Twkur Apuny qy soeI soeI dyvY ] nwnk dwsu muK qy jo bolY eIhw
aUhw scu hovY ] 2 ] 14 ] 45 ] (681)
wB dh dPk
wB fJe e[ZeV j? wzi/ j/m fi; soQK wziK u'jK gkf;nK s'A y[Zbk j[zdk j?. T[;/ soQK wB
o{gh e[ZeV j? ;oho o{gh wzi/ ftu, s/ fJ; e[ZeV B{z pkjo Bjh fBebD d/DK. fJsB/ d[nko/
y[Zb/ jB fJj nfGnk; o{gh vzv/ Bkb jh ;GBK gkf;nK s'A w'Vh oZyhJ/ sK fJe EK fNfenk
ofjzdk j? fit/A fJe fojk rT{ d/ rb ftu v?jk, ;'Nk gk d/JhJ/ f;X/ okj gkT[Dh ;"yh j?.
fdqPNh
gqPBL s[;hA fe;/ B{z t/yd/ feT[A Bjh <
T[ZsoL r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B{z SZv e/ fe;B{z t/yhJ/.
;s d/ gqekP pkjo'A BjhA nzdo'A bZGdk j?. Bkw nfGnk; dh ewkJh eoB s'A L^
fJe oki/ B/ ;[zdo pkr brkfJnk, T[; ftu c[jko/, BfjoK, soK soQK d/ cbK c[ZbK
tkb/ g/V btkJ/. pkr ftu ;Zs wzIbK wekB pDkfJnk. pkr s/ ckNe T[go ;?B p'ov
(cZNk) btk fdZsk. T[s/ fby fdZsk i' nkdwh pkr ftu nk e/ w?B{z bZG/rk. w?A T[; B{z sys
dk wkbe pDk fdnKrk. Pos j? e'Jh p{fNnK B{z Bk g[ZN/, wekB B{z Bk S/V/, j'o t;s{ yokp
Bk eo/. fJj ;G e[M Bk eodk j'fJnk w?B{z bZG/. ;' eJh nkdwh nkJ/ e'Jh c[btkVhnK ftu,
e'Jh wekB dhnk SZsK s'A, e'Jh c[jko/, BfjoK, owDhe irQK ftu'A b[e/ oki/ B{z Gkb/, ;G
GNe e/ nkgDk ;wK g{ok eoe/ ub/ rJ/. nkfyo fJe nkdwh nkfJnk T[; B/ gfjb/ wkbh
dh ;jkfJsk bJh. wkbh B/ T[; B{z okj/ gk fdZsk. T[; g[oP B/ ;[zdosk tkbhnK ;kohnK
t;s{nK fsnkr e/ fwZNh dh Y/oh s/ fBrQk fNekJh. fwZNh dh sfj j/m fJe ske d/fynk.
41

e[zvk bk e/ izdok tZik j'fJnk ;h. wkbh e'b'A e[zih bJh, ske y'fbnk. nzdo oki/ B{z gosZy
gk fbnk. fJ; soQK sys s/ ik p?mk. ;' ;z;ko th fJ;/ soQK fJe pkr j?.
PrIdw BUim rMgwvlI mMiJ ivsUlw bwgu ] (966) sEk
PrIdw pMK prwhuxI dunI suhwvw bwgu ] (1382) sEk
eyku bgIcw pyf Gn kirAw ] (385)
fJ; pkr ftu nk e/ iht ozrK ozrK dh wkfJnk ftu w'fjs j' iKd/ jB. fJj ;oho
fwZNh dh Y/oh j?. fe;/ B{z d[y d/DK iK ;oho B{z YkT[DK iK ePNK ftu fJ; B{z ;[ekT[DK iK
e/; s/ o'w eNk e/ fJ; pkr d/ p{fNnK iK c[ZbK nkfd B{z yokp eoBK j?. fJ; ;E{b ;oho
dh Y/oh ftu fJe nzsjeoD e'mVh j?. nk;k nzd/;k d't/A syfsnK d/ cN jB. w'j o{gh e[zvk
bZrk j'fJnk j? ns/ nfrnkB o{gh izdok tZik j'fJnk j?. ;s b'e ;s SZsK nkfd wekB
jB L^
slok mhlw 2 ] guru kuMjI pwhU invlu mnu koTw qnu Ciq ]
nwnk gur ibnu mn kw qwku n auGVY Avr n kuMjI hiQ ]1](1237)
f;y B/ r[o{ pkrpkB gk; ik e/ g[ZfSnk okik feE/ j? < T[Zso fwfbnk okik fJ;
fwZNh dh (Y/oh) sB ftu j? L^
gur pRswid jn nwnk pwieAw hir lwDw dyh tolIAY ]2]3] (527)
p; r[o{ s'A pkDh e[zih b? e/ nfGnk; o{gh izdo/ nzdo c/oh s/ ske y[Zb frnk nBzd
ftu roi T[fmnk.
pqjw frnkB dh ntZ;Ek
Ab qau jwie cFy isMGwsin imly hY swirMgpwnI ]
rwm kbIrw eyk Bey hY koie n skY pCwnI ] 6 ] 3 ](969)
nzsPeoD ;/tk Bkb P[ZX j[zdk j?. wzB B{z f;ZX/ o;s/ gkT[D dk ;"yk ;kXB ;/tk j? L^
;kyh
fJe uZeotosh okik ;h. T[; dhnK d' okDhnK ;B. fJe tZvh fJZe S'Nh, okik
S'Nh d/ t; j'fJnk ;h. ;dk T[;/ gk; ofjzdk ;h, tZvh okDh B/ e[M thuko ehsh s/ bZrh ;/tk
eoB, S'Nh okDh d/ bzro ftu nk e/ i{m/ GKv/ wKfink eo/ fJsBh ;/tk ehsh fe S'Nh okDh
gq;zB j' rJh efjD bZrh fe wzr i' e[M wzrBK j?, tZvh B/ fejk fJe fdB oki/ B{z w/o/ xo nk
ikD d/, p; j'o fe;/ P?n dh b'V BjhA sK S'Nh B/ fJe tZvh rZb ikDe/ T[; e'b'A B"A bZyK
jko i' T[; B{z g/fenK B/ fdZsk ;h. fJ; d/ fJtI ftZu wzfrnk, tZvh B/ MZN d/ fdZsk, okik
42

tZvh okDh d/ xo frnk, tZvh dh fBowkD ;/tk eoe/ T[; dk jh j' frnk, w[V S'Nh d/ xo Bk
frnk fJE/ fJj Gh fejk eod/ ;B fe oki/ B/ g[ZfSnk tZvh okDh B{z s{z w/ok fJXo nkT[DK
S'Nh okDh e'b'A fet/A S[vkfJnk iK wBkfJnk. T[; B/ fpB? ehsh fe T[; B/ B"A bZyk jko
wzfrnk s/ w?A s[S ;wM e/ nkg ih d/ w/b B{z p/Ppjk ikD e/ MZN d/ SZfvnk. oki/ B{z ;'Mh
j'Jh fe S'Nh okDh B/ sK w?B{z B"A bZy s'A th xN iksk j?. T[; d/ ikDK jh SZv fdZsk ns/
tZvh okDh dk j' frnk. ;' fJ;/ soQK wB okik j? tZvh okDh P[X p[ZXh j?, ep[ZXh S'Nh okDh
j?. GKv/ wKiD/ ;kX ;zrs dh ;/tk j?, wB okik P[X p[Xh d/ xo sK ep[ZXh dk fsnkr jh eo
SZfvnk. B"A r'beK d/ ftP/ B"A bZyk jko j?. wB B/ fejk w? i' ;op ;z;ko dk gqekPe jK,
ep[ZXh B/ w?B{z B"A r'beK dk ftPk jh ;wM SZfvnk j?. fJ;/ soQK P[X p[Xh d/ xo nk e/ wB B{z
;'Mh nEtk nwbh frnkB gqkgs j'fJnk. ;[X p[Xh nEtk tZvh okDh B/ oki/ B{z fBowkD ;/tk
s/ B"A bZy/ jko dh e[opkBh (fJj Gh ;/tk j?) Bkb GNed/ oki/ B{z nkgD/ xo b? nKdk wsbp
fJj j? fe ;/tk Bkb jh wB B{z tZ; eohdk j?.
& siqgur kI syvw sPlu hY jy ko kry icqu lwie ] (644) ]
siqgur kI syvw gwKVI isru dIjY Awpu gvwie ] (649) ]
;fsr[oK s'A pfbjko
slok mÚ 5 ] suix sjx pRIqm myirAw mY siqguru dyhu idKwil ] hau iqsu dyvw
mnu Awpxw inq ihrdY rKw smwil ] ieksu siqgur bwhrw iDRgu jIvxu sMswir ] jn nwnk
siqguru iqnw imlwieEnu ijn sd hI vrqY nwil ] 1 ] mÚ 5 ] myrY AMqir locw imlx kI ikau pwvw
pRB qoih ] koeI AYsw sjxu loiV lhu jo myly pRIqmu moih ] guir pUrY mylwieAw jq dyKw qq soie ] jn
nwnk so pRBu syivAw iqsu jyvfu Avru n koie ] 2 ]
dksko dh T[;ss
]pauVI ] dyvxhwru dwqwru ikqu muiK swlwhIAY ] ijsu rKY ikrpw Dwir irjku smwhIAY ] koie n iks hI
vis sBnw iek Dr ] pwly bwlk vwig dy kY Awip kr ] krdw And ibnod ikCU n jwxIAY ] srb Dwr
smrQ hau iqsu kurbwxIAY ] gweIAY rwiq idnµqu gwvx joigAw ] jo gur kI pYrI pwih iqnI hir rsu
BoigAw]2]
rwmklI kI vwr mhlw õ < siqgur pRswid ]
slok mÚ õ ] jYsw siqguru suxIdw qYso hI mY fITu ] ivCuiVAw myly pRBU hir drgh kw bsITu ]
hir nwmo mMqRü idRVwiedw kty haumY rogu ] nwnk siqguru iqnw imlwieAw ijnw Dury pieAw sMjogu
] 1 ] mÚ õ ] ieku sjxu siB sjxw ieku vYrI siB vwid ] guir pUrY dyKwilAw ivxu nwvY sB
bwid ] swkq durjn BrimAw jo lgy dUjY swid ] jn nwnik hir pRBu buiJAw gur siqgur kY
prswid ] 2 ] pauVI ] QtxhwrY Qwtu Awpy hI QitAw ] Awpy pUrw swhu Awpy hI KitAw ] Awpy
kir pwswru Awpy rMg ritAw ] kudriq kIm n pwie AlK bRhmitAw ] Agm AQwh byAMq prY
43

pritAw ] Awpy vf pwiqswhu Awip vjIritAw ] koie n jwxY kIm kyvfu mitAw ] scw swihbu
Awip gurmuiK prgitAw ] 1 ]
id sKJh wB ftu ;fs T[g/dP b?D bJh EK jh BK j't/ sd se BK jh T[gd/P b?DK
ukjhdk j? s/ BK jh d/D tkb/ B{z d/DK ukjhdk j?.
(;kyh)
fe;h oki/ B/ fe;/ wjkswk g[oP B{z fejk fe w?B{z T[gd/P fdT[. wjkswk ih B/ fejk fe
gksPkj wekB pDkt'. fi; dk fJe' p{jk j't/, fJ;/ soQk ehsk frnk. wekB pD jfNnk sK
wjKg[oPK B/ ekohroK B{z efj e/ T[; ftu ;ko/ Ezw jh Ezw fuDtk fdZs/ ns/ i' p{jk ;h pzd
eotk fdZsk fco oki/ B{z fejk fe fJ; ftu fBtk; eo' s/ fJE/ T[gd/P d/tKrk. oki/ B/ fejk
;zs ih nZpb sK e'Jh p{jk BjhA i/ Gbk p{jk GzB th bJhJ/ sK nzdo EK jh BjhA sK ;zsk B/
fejk s/o/ nzdo Gh e'Jh EK jh BjhA, T[gd/P b?D bJh gfjbk sK p{jk jh pzd j?. wB dk ske
y[Zbk BjhA d{i/ HHHHHH
= rsu suienw rsu rupw kwmix rsu prml kI vwsu ]
rsu GoVy rsu syjw mMdr rsu mITw rsu mwsu ]
eyqy rs srIr ky kY Git nwm invwsu ] 2 ](15)
vsqU AMdir vsqu smwvY dUjI hovY pwis ] (474)
Bkw
BYrau mhlw õ ] KUbu KUbu KUbu KUbu KUbu qyro nwmu ] JUTu JUTu JUTu JUTu dunI gumwnu ]1](1137)
rwmklI mhlw 5 ] qRY gux rhq rhY inrwrI swiDk isD n jwnY ] rqn koTVI AMimRq sMpUrn
siqgur kY KjwnY ] 1 ] Acrju ikCu khxu n jweI ] bsqu Agocr BweI ] 1 ] rhwau ] molu
nwhI kCu krxY jogw ikAw ko khY suxwvY ] kQn khx kau soJI nwhI jo pyKY iqsu bix AwvY ] 2 ]
soeI jwxY krxYhwrw kIqw ikAw bycwrw ] AwpxI giq imiq Awpy jwxY hir Awpy pUr BMfwrw ] 3 ]
AYsw rsu AMimRqu min cwiKAw iqRpiq rhy AwGweI ] khu nwnk myrI Awsw pUrI siqgur kI srxweI
] 4 ] 4 ] (883)
&
;tk;K T[go ;fs;zr s/ f;woB dk mZgk br ikJ/ sK tv w[b/ B'N pD iKd/ jB.
BkNeh fefonk
&
BkNe u/Be ehJ/ e[ekik] gqG b'rB[ efj nkti bkik]
fiB wB jo uoBD mjokfJU] fsB eo fvzG B fe;{ fdykfJU]
44

& ;[nk;K s/ wB[y iBw dh tvw[bsk s/ nfrnkBh g[oPK tb'A T[BQK dh Bk edoh s/ w[b
B gkT[D s/ ejkDhnK.
;kyh Bzpo 1
fJe okik fPeko y/vD frnk, pj[s fgnk; bZrh. fJZe bZeVjko/ e'b'A gkDh
fwfbnk i' e'b/ pDKT[dk ;h. bZeVjko/ B/ pV/ gq/w Bkb ib SekfJnk, oki/ B/ fJe nzr{mh
T[; B{z dkB eo fdZsh ns/ fejk fJj nzr{mh b? e/ w/o/ dopko ftu nkt/Ark sK j'o Gh fJBkw
d/tKrk, e[M ekb gk e/ bZeVjkok nzr{mh b? e/ oki/ d/ dopko ftu jkio j'fJnk sK T[; B{z
fJe ;zdb (uzBD) d/ p{fNnK dk pkr dkB eo fdZsk, bZeVjkok pkr ftu frnk s/ fJe p{N/
Bkb'A vzvk bkj e/ e[jkV/ dk d;sk pDkfJnk e[jkV/ Bkb ;ko/ doZys tZY tZY e/ e'b/ eo eo
t/u SZv/. e/tb fJe' d;sk uzBD dk ofj frnk pIko e'fJb/ t/uD frnk sK pIko ftu
e'fbnK dk w[Zb e"vhnK jh fgnk gqzs{ efjD bZrk d;sk t/uDk j't/ sK fJsBK w[Zb d/tKrk
bZeVjkok pj[s gS[skfJnk s/ efjD bZrk fe fJ;/ bZeVh d/ rZfvnK d/ rZv/ ;kV e/ w?A
e'fJb/ eo SZv/ jB ;' fJ;/ soK tkfjr[o{ gksPkj j?. iht bZeVjkok j? .uzr/ eow eoB/
gkDh fgbkT[DK j?. tkfjr[o{ oki/ dh fwjo eoe// wB[Zyk iBw o{gh nzr{mh fwbDh j?, T[wo
fJe uzBD pkr j?. fi; ftu ;tk; nB/eK p{N/ jB. fJBQK ;tk;K B{z bZeVjkok okr dt?P dh
nZr ftu ;kV e/ e'fJb/ eo fojk j?. fe;/ fJe nZX/ tkfjr[o{ gk;/ bZr/ ;tk; dh ehws g?D
s'A iht B/ pj[s gS[ukskg ehsk.
np gS[skJ/ fenk j's id fuVhnk u[r rJh y/s.
;kyh Bzpo 2
fJe fIwhdko dk Bdh d/ Bkb brtK y/s ;h. T[; ftu fJ; B/ pkIok phfink. T[;
pkio/ dh okyh T[j r'ghnk nEtk r[b/b b? e/ r[b/b/ pDk e/ ubkJh ikfJnk eo/ s/ T[j r[b/b/
;G Bdh ftu ik fvfrnk eoB. r[b/b tND ekoB fJe fdB fwZNh g[ZNdk ;h, T[; B{z fJe
bkbK dh Goh rkro fwbh. pVk y[P j'fJnk fe tZN/ tNkJ/ r[b/b/ fwb rJ/. fJe fJe eoe/
;G fuVhnK T[vkD ftu r'ghJ/ Bkb x[wk x[wk e/ Bdh ftu ;[ZN wko/. fJe bkb ofjzdk ;h
fe T[; dh tj[Nh o'Nh b? e/ nk rJh T[; B/ ;'jDK ikD e/ oytk fbnk. efjD bZrk w?A sK
fJBQK ;kfonK dh rkro jh ubtk SZvh. nZr'A nKT[dh sK j'o th oy b?Adh. tj[Nh bkb xo
b? rJh. ik e/ fJe Pkj dh tj[Nh gk; rZb ehsh. Pkj gk; rZb ehsh, Pkj B{z gsk bZrk,
j'o th Pkj fJeZm/ j' rJ/. bkb dk w[Zb g?D bZrk sK T[; pdb/ PhP wfjb s/ e'mhnK, x'V/
nkfd T[; iZN dh tj[Nh B{z fwb/, pj[s gq;zB j'Jh, PkwK gJhnK s'A id'A iZN xo nkfJnk
;koh rZb ;[D e/ fJsBK g;ukskg ehsk fe PhP wfjb ftu f;o wko e/ wo frnk. ;' fJ;/
soQK ekb uZeo Bdh dk gqtkj j? fJ; d/ feBko/ wB[Zyk iBw ;[nk;K o{gh bkbK dh Goh j'Jh
xVh j?. frqj;s gfotko nEtk gzi ftP/ pkio/ dk y/s j?. fJ; dh ykso fJ; dh okyh
tk;s/ ;ko/ ;[nk; gzi fJzdqhnK dh r[b/b nEtk r'ghJ/ d/ okjhA ubk e/ G?V/ G?V/ ezwK ftu
r[nk fdZs/ jB. P[X p[Xh fJ;sqh go/o e/ fJ; iZN iht B{z ;kX ;zrs ftu fbnkJh T[E/ oZp
dk Bkw ;[fDnk woB fgS'A gqb'e ftu frnk sK T[BQK ;fs ;zrs ftu r[Iko/ ;tk;K dk pVk
45

w[Zb g?Adk fvZmk sK p/jZd nc;'; ehsk. ;' fJj wjKg[oP ;[nk;K dk w[Zb ikDd/ jB,
wjkswk gk;'A fJBQK ;[nk;K d/ ehwsh B'N pBkT[D tkbh f;woB dh wPhB bZG bJhdh j?,
fi; s'A jT[w? Bk; j' iKdh j?, jB/o/ s'A gqekP ftu nk iKdk j?. Gow dh Bftosh j' iKdh j?,
sgs eVkjk p[M e/ ;hsb Bkw dh gqkgsh j' iKdh j?.
Gow Bk; s'A gqekP j' iKdk j?.
mwrU mhlw 5 ] PUto AWfw Brm kw mnih BieE prgwsu ] kwtI byrI pgh qy guir kInI bMid
Klwsu ] 1 ] Awvx jwxu rihE ] qpq kVwhw buiJ gieAw guir sIql nwmu dIE ] 1 ] rhwau ]
jb qy swDU sMgu BieAw qau Coif gey inghwr ] ijs kI Atk iqs qy CutI qau khw krY kotvwr
] 2 ] cUkw Bwrw krm kw hoey inhkrmw ] swgr qy kMFY cVy guir kIny Drmw ] 3 ] scu Qwnu
scu bYTkw scu suAwau bxwieAw ] scu pUMjI scu vKro nwnk Gir pwieAw ]4]5]14](1002)
r[o{ nk;o/ ofjD tkbk ykb;k
40^40 f;zx ukbh ukbh bZy c"I dk w{zj w'V ;ed/ jB. ykb;k sK jh pD ;edk j?
fe r[o Ppd dh ewkJh eo/.
isrIrwgu mhlw 5 ] jw kau musklu Aiq bxY FoeI koie n dyie ] lwgU hoey dusmnw swk iB Bij
Kly ] sBo BjY Awsrw cukY sBu Asrwau ] iciq AwvY Esu pwrbRhmu lgY n qqI vwau ] 1 ] swihbu
inqwixAw kw qwxu ] Awie n jweI iQru sdw gur sbdI scu jwxu ] 1 ] rhwau ] jy ko hovY dublw
nµg BuK kI pIr ] dmVw plY nw pvY nw ko dyvY DIr ] suAwrQu suAwau n ko kry nw ikCu hovY kwju
] iciq AwvY Esu pwrbRhmu qw inhclu hovY rwju ] 2 ] jw kau icMqw bhuqu bhuqu dyhI ivAwpY rogu
] igRsiq kutMib plyitAw kdy hrKu kdy sogu ] gauxu kry chu kuMt kw GVI n bYsxu soie ] iciq
AwvY Esu pwrbRhmu qnu mnu sIqlu hoie ] 3 ] kwim kroiD moih vis kIAw ikrpn loiB ipAwru ]
cwry iklivK auin AG kIey hoAw Asur sMGwru ] poQI gIq kivq ikCu kdy n krin DirAw ]
iciq AwvY Esu pwrbRhmu qw inmK ismrq qirAw ] 4 ]
i/ ykb;k y[dh ftu nk ikt/ Gkt/A oki bSwh pV/^pV/ n"jd/ th gqkgs eo bt/ tkfjr[o{ u/s/
BjhA, fco fJT[A j? .
swsq isMimRiq byd cwir muKwgr ibcry ] qpy qpIsr jogIAw qIriQ gvnu kry ] Ktu krmw qy
duguxy pUjw krqw nwie ] rMgu n lgI pwrbRhm qw srpr nrky jwie ] 5 ] rwj imlk
iskdwrIAw rs Bogx ibsQwr ] bwg suhwvy sohxy clY hukmu APwr ] rMg qmwsy bhu ibDI cwie
lig rihAw ] iciq n AwieE pwrbRhmu qw srp kI jUin gieAw ] 6 ] bhuqu DnwiF AcwrvMqu
soBw inrml rIiq ] mwq ipqw suq BweIAw swjn sMig prIiq ] lskr qrksbMd bMd jIau jIau
sglI kIq ] iciq n AwieE pwrbRhmu qw KiV rswqil dIq ] 7 ] kwieAw rogu n iCdRü ikCu nw
ikCu kwVw sogu ] imrqu n AwvI iciq iqsu Aihinis BogY Bogu ] sB ikCu kIqonu Awpxw jIie n
sMk DirAw ] iciq n AwieE pwrbRhmu jmkMkr vis pirAw ] 8 ]
46

tkfjr[o{ dh feogk d/ gkso pDB bJh nodk; eo'.
ikrpw kry ijsu pwrbRhmu hovY swDU sMgu ] ijau ijau Ehu vDweIAY iqau iqau hir isau rMgu ] duhw
isirAw kw Ksmu Awip Avru n dUjw Qwau ] siqgur quTY pwieAw nwnk scw nwau ] 9 ] 1 ]
(70)
nwho tkfjr[o{ B{z G[Zb iKdk j?. nkw s"o s/ d[y dko{ ns/ ;[y o'r j'fJnk eod/ jB.
f;woB tkfbnK bJh tkfjr[o{ d:k eodk j?.
sloku mÚ 1 ] ndIAw hovih Dyxvw suMm hovih duDu GIau ] sglI DrqI skr hovY KusI kry inq
jIau ] prbqu suienw rupw hovY hIry lwl jVwau ] BI qUMhY swlwhxw AwKx lhY n cwau ] 1 ] mÚ
1 ] Bwr ATwrh myvw hovY gruVw hoie suAwau ] cMdu sUrju duie iPrdy rKIAih inhclu hovY Qwau ]
BI qUMhY swlwhxw AwKx lhY n cwau ] 2 ] mÚ 1 ] jy dyhY duKu lweIAY pwp grh duie rwhu ] rqu
pIxy rwjy isrY aupir rKIAih eyvY jwpY Bwau ] BI qUMhY swlwhxw AwKx lhY n cwau ] 3 ] mÚ 1
] AgI pwlw kpVu hovY Kwxw hovY vwau ] surgY dIAw mohxIAw iesqrIAw hovin nwnk sBo jwau ]
BI qUhY swlwhxw AwKx lhY n cwau ] 4 ](141-42)
nbzeko nekbh pkDh dh wjkBsk iDkT[D bJh L^
fi; soK ;w[zdo ftu'A gkDh dh jtkV fBeb e/ fjwkfbnk gops sZe nKT[dh j?. T[E/
po; e/ Bdh pD iKdh j?. Bdh tfjzdh fco T[;/ ;w[zdo ftu ik ;wKdh j?. pqjw ftu'A
T[sgsh s/ pqjw ftu jh nG/dsk. fJ;/ soK ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih fjwkfbnk gjkV jB T[BK
dk fus ;'wk j? pkDh Bdh j?. pkDh T[ukoBK Bdh dk gqtkj j?. Bdh Gow s/ t/w[ysk d'jK
feBkfonK B{z Ykj[zdh j?. dzG s/ gkyzv o{gh doZysK B{z w{b s'A g[ZNdh j?. Pksh o{gh ;hsbsk
;fjs j?. Bkw o{gh fwmk; j?. fsqPBk o{gh sq/j d/ p[MkT[D tkbh j? f;XKs o{gh rfjokJh j?.
jo jo jpY iqs kI giq hovY hir hir nwmu inq rsn bKwnI ]1] (744)
i' iht fJ; d/ gqtkj ftu g?Dr/ T[j ;w[zdo ftu ik e/ nG/d j'J/ fpBK, T[o/ fes/
BjhA mfjod/.
vwhu vwhu pUry gur kI bwxI ] pUry gur qy aupjI swic smwxI ] 1 ](754)
fpibh dk nbzeko
fJe fpibh dk fJziD j[zdk j?. T[E'A skoK yzfGnK d/ nk;o/ wekBK ftu iKdhnK jB.
T[E/ fco pbp (PhP/) d/ nzv/ bZr/ j[zd/ jB. skoK ftZu dh fpibh dh bfjo nKT[dh j? s/
pbpK ftu nk e/ gqekP eodh j?. fJj pbp ;k| j'tD sK pj[s gqekP j't/rk. fJ;/ soK
;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih fpibh dk fJziB jB. nekbh pkDh fpibh dh o" bfjo j?.i' gqhsh
dhnK skoK ftudh ubdh j?. fB;u/ d/ yzG/ jB, ;oho o{gh wekB j?, wB nzvk(pbp) j?.
wB ;kc j't/ s/, sko mhe j't/ sK ukBDK Gh uzrk j'J/rk BjhA sK xN, fJ;/ soQK gfjbK gfjb
47

gZEo s/ gZEo wko e/ b'ehA gqekP eod/ ;B. fco ;o'A d/ s/b Bkb, fxT[ Bkb bZr gJ/.
c/o fwZNh dk s/b nk frnk sK e[M j'o ukBD j'D bZr fgnk, gqzs{ jB/ok ni/ th Bk frnk sK
r?; nkJh, fco e[M j'o ukBD j'D bZr fgnk. fco fpibh nkJh, p; fJ; Bkb ukBD dh
jZd j' rJh. i/ pbp skestko j? by e?Avb gkto dk j? iK eo'V e?Avb gkto dk j? sK c/o
;{oi s'A Gh tX gqekP eo ;edh j?. fJ;/ soK r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh nekbh pkDh dh fpibh
o" j?, g[okD/ ws gZEo orV e/ gqekP eoB ts ;B. gqzs{ jB/ok uzrh soQK BjhA r[tk ;e/.
c/o nZr/ j'o ws nKT[d/ rJ/, e[M soZeh eod/ rJ/. go nzs ftu ofjzdh y{zjdh X[zd fwNk e/
n?B ;{oi ts gqekP eoB tkb/ ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih ;B. fisBh e?Avb gkto dk fe;/ dk
wB j't/rk T[sBK jh pj[sk gqekP j't/rk.
;fsr[o[ BkBe gqrfNnk fwNh X[zX[ ifr ukBD[ j'nk. (nzL ehosB 241)
n?j' fijh ;Zuh ;[Zuh pkDh ;kv/ ftu ;fs s/ n;fs dk fBoDk eodh j?. ;kv/ ftu'A
nftfdnk ns/ nfrnkB dk gkj T[vKdh j?.
2) fJe e'Jh s/i;th okik ;h. :yDh d/th T[; gk; B"eoh eoB nkJh. nfs fBwosk
;fjs p/Bsh ehsh, oki/ B/ feqgkbsk eoe/ oZy bJh, ofjD brh ou fwu rJh. d/th B/ fJe
fdB uwseko fdykfJnk, T[; i?;/ p/nzs oki/ pDk fdZs/, o;'JhJ/ B/ gqPkfd fsnko ehsk sK
j?okB j' frnk fe;B{z gqPkd Sekt/, nzs tIho gk; frnk s/ ;koh ftfEnk ;[DkJh. tIho B/
:ZyDh d/th dk wzso ykD/ tkb/ ewo/ d/ p{j/ s/ pzB fdZsk ns/ ;ko/ okfinK B{z gqPkd SeD
bJh p/Bsh ehsh, wzso d/ n;o Bkb d{i/ ;G oki/ G;w j[zd/ rJ/. e/tb n;bh okik jh
d;so ykB sKJh gj[zfunk, okik :yDh T[s/ pj[s/ r[;/ j'fJnk ns/ :yDh B{z d/P fBekbk d/
fdZsk. fJ;/ soQK JhPto okik j? ns/ wkfJnk :yDh j?, wkfJnk B/ JhPto B{z fejk fe w?B{z
ngD/ nk;o/ oZy b? w?A pj[s uwseko fdyktKrh. JhPto B/ wk:K B{z nzrheko ehsk wk:k B/
id nkgDk pb fdykfJnk sK nkgDh gqpbsk ftu fszB r[D, gzi sZs, uko ykDhnK nkfd
irs nB/e gqeko ou e/ JhPto B{z BkBk g[B/ ftu Gowk fdZsk. P[X wB o;'Jhnk j?
;fsr[o{ o{g tIho gk; frnk sK ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih B/ ;fsBkw dk wzso o{gh T[gd/P
r[opkDh d[nkok fdZsk, ftP/ ftekoK B{z bzx e/ gqkD s/ p[Xh nkfd ;G B{z n;Zs ikD e/ fJ;
s'A go/ ;fsBkw dk frnkB eotKdk j?.
so pRBu dUir nwhI pRBu qUM hY ] (354)
khu nwnk guir Brmu kwitAw sgl bRhm bIcwru ]4] (51)
;fs t;s{ dk frnkB j'fJnk sK wk:k dk ft;kj Bk ehsk s/ wB' ft;ko SZfvnk feT[A i' J/jh
god/ gKT[d/ jB J/jh fJ; dk d/P fBekbk j?.
Bkw dk fBtk;
haumY nwvY nwil ivroDu hY duie n vsih iek Twie ](560)
frqj;s Xow ftu ofj e/ Grsh
48

hwtI bwtI nId n AwvY pr Gir icqu n fuolweI ] ibnu nwvY mnu tyk n itkeI nwnk BUK n jweI
] hwtu ptxu Gru gurU idKwieAw shjy scu vwpwro ] KMifq indRw Alp AhwrM nwnk qqu bIcwro
] 8 ](939)
= mn ry igRh hI mwih audwsu ] (26)
gur kY sbid mnu jIiqAw giq mukiq GrY mih pwie ] (26)
fBob/gsk
jYsy jl mih kmlu inrwlmu murgweI nY swxy ] suriq sbid Bv swgru qrIAY nwnk nwmu vKwxy ]
rhih iekWiq eyko min visAw Awsw mwih inrwso ] Agmu Agocru dyiK idKwey nwnku qw kw dwso
] 5 ](938)
T[uk nkdoP
mnmuKu lhir Gru qij ivgUcY Avrw ky Gr hyrY ]
igRh Drmu gvwey siqguru n BytY durmiq GUmn GyrY ](1012)
;G wB[y tkfjr[o{ o{g j?.
wkB; eh iks ;p? J/e? gfjukBp'.
jO qUM bRwhmxu bRhmxI jwieAw ] qau Awn bwt kwhy nhI AwieAw ] 2 ]
qum kq bRwhmx hm kq sUd ] hm kq lohU qum kq dUD ] 3 ](324)
r[opkDh jh r[o{ j?.
fe;/ nkdwh B{z jbfenk e[Zsk tZY frnk sK fJe jehw B/ T[; dk fJbki ehsk. e[M
ekb gk e/ pj[s/ e[Zs/ jbe rJ/. pj[s/ nkdwh eZN/ rJ/, pj[s nkdwh jbe rJ/. fJe pzd/ B{z
jbe/ e[Zs/ dk wzso :kd ;h. go i/ fJe nkdwh B{z wzso ;[DkT[Adk, pkeh d/ wo iKd/. ;'
T[; B/ ;kfonK B{z fJeZfmnK eoe/ Brko/ dh ntkI Bkb fJe T[uh EK yb' e/ ;G B{z wzso
;[DkfJnk. fiE'A sKJh ntki rJh ;kfonK dk jbe d{o j' frnk.
loB lhir sBu suAwnu hlku hY hlikE sBih ibgwry ]
myry Twkur kY dIbwin Kbir huoeI guir igAwnu KVgu lY mwry ] 7 ] ] (983)
g[oksB i[rK ftu jbe/ e[Zs/ xN ;B. fJ; bJh nkdwh th xN jbed/ ;B.
;fsi[r, d[nkgo, sq/s/ ftu b'e ;[Gkfte uzr/ ;B. ftP/ ftekoK d/ ftob/ ftob/ jbe/ e[Zs/
ftob/ ftob/ nkdwhnK B{z eNd/ ;B ns/ fJe fJe ntsko T[gd/P d/ e/ T[Xko eodk fojk,
gqzs{ eb:[r ftu ftP/ ftekoK o{gh e[Zs/ pj[s tX rJ/ ;B s/ fJBQK B/ ;ko/ ;z;ko B{z jh w{zj gk
49

SZfvnk ;h, e{V gqXkB ;h. fit/A uzd wZf;nk dh oks B{z nb'g j' iKdk j?. T[;/ soK ;Zu
nb'g j' frnk ;h, Xow yzG bk e/ T[Zv frnk ;h fJ; nfrnkB o{gh jB/o/ ftu ;fsr[o
BkBe d/t ih B/ d/fynk fe ;G jbe/ j'J/ jB r[opkDh wzso b? e/ ehosB o{gh Y'b Bkb ;G
d/ jbe d{o do fdZs/, ;fsr[oK B/ ezBK ftu wzso ;[Dk e/ fJeZb/ d[eZb/ dk T[Xko BjhA
ehsk, ;r'A ;ko/ ;z;ko B{z skfonk.
pkp/ sko/ ukfo ufe BT[yzfv fgqEwh ;uk Y'nk. (nzLehosB 242)
pkpk ih dk T[gd/P uj[z toBK B{z ;KMk ;h i' th gziK fgnkfonK s'A nzfwqs Se e/ Go/
dhtkB ftu tkfjr[o{ wzso ;[Ddk j?, wzBdk j?, T[; dk jbe d{o j' iKdk j?. fco ;fsr[oK B/
fJ; wzso B{z b[e' e/ Bjh oZfynk, r[opkDh r[owzso j? w{bwzso fJ; dh iVQ j?. p; ig',
nfGnk; eo' s/ ewkb s/ gj[zu ikT[.;' fJ; r[owzso B{z n;hA fJe e[Zi/ o{gh wB ftu T[; d/
T[go d/jXkoh r[o{ dk mZgk bk e/ pzd BjhA eo ;ed/ fJ; dh ;G B{z y[b j? L^
jo jo jpY iqs kI giq hovY hir hir nwmu inq rsn bKwnI ]1] (744)
fi; soK fpibh d/ fJziB dh ;koh fpibh B{z :ebys fJe nzv/ (pbp) ftu BjhA
fbnk ;ed/. T[;/ soK r[opkDh r[o{ j?. fi; B{z dPw/P fgsk ih B/ Ekfgnk j? gzi fgnko/
tIho jB. ;kX ;zrs T[; dk dopko j?. T[AM ewkJh tkb/ ;ko/ f;zx r[o{ dk jh o{g jB,
pkpk p[ZYk ih, GkJh r[odk; ih, pkpk dhg f;zx ih go fJBQK nio t;s{ B{z ifonk. r[o{
ftu nG/d j' e/ th f;y pDBK nZSk ;wfMnk, i?;/ GkJh gko' i[bek ih.
r[opkDh r[o{ bJh fJfsjk;e gqwkD L^
nkfd nzfs J/e? ntskok] ;'Jh r[o{ ;wfM:j[ jwkok ]9]
guru pwrbRhmu prmysru Awip ] (387)
guru prmysru eyku hY sB mih rihAw smwie ] (53)
pRB nwnk nwnk nwnk meI ]8] (1157)
sB qy vfw siqguru nwnku ijin kl rwKI myrI ]4] (750)
efb skoD r[o[ BkBe nkfJnk]23] ( nzLehosB 238)
hir Bgiq Kjwnw bKisAw guir nwnik kIAw pswau jIau ]
mY bhuiV n iqRsnw BuKVI hau rjw iqRpiq AGwie jIau ](763)
poQI prmysr kw Qwnu ] (1226)
bwxI gurU gurU hY bwxI ivic bwxI AMimRqu swry ]
50

guru bwxI khY syvku jnu mwnY prqiK gurU insqwry ] 5 ](982)
bwxI q gwvhu gurU kyrI bwxIAw isir bwxI ]
ijn kau ndir krmu hovY ihrdY iqnw smwxI ] (920)
khdy kcy suxdy kcy kcˆØI AwiK vKwxI ] (920)
r[o{ rozE ebi[r GfJU ;qh r[o{ o{g wjkB](r[o fpbk; gkL ö)
r[o do; fij d/yBk ;qh rozE do;kfJ]
pks eoB r[o ;'A uj?A gV? rozE wB bkfJ]
GkJh Bzd bkb ih Bkb gqPB T[so L^
shB o{g j? w'fj e/ ;[D' Bzd ` fus bkfJ]
fBor[D, ;or[D, r[o Ppd ej' s'fj ;wMkfJ]
GkJh u"gk f;zx r[o{ dk fyvktk L^
fgzv ftu r[o n;EkB pDkT[. r[o{ rozE n;EkgB eo' s/ nkfrnk r[o rozE ih dh
wzB'.
gurU isKu isKu gurU hY eyko gur aupdysu clwey ] (444)
nwm ky Dwry sgly jMq ](284)
siqgur no sBu ko vyKdw jyqw jgqu sMswru ]
ifTY mukiq n hoveI ijcru sbid n kry vIcwru ](594)
gziK s'A wzso feT[A io{oh j?.
1H fJe[ f;y d[fJ ;kX ;zr[ gzihA gow/;o[. (tko 13 gT[Vh 19)
2H ekw[ eq'X[ fto'X[ bzfx b'G[ w'j[ njzeko ftjkDk. (tko 7 gT[Vh 5)
3H ;fs ;zs'y dfJnk Xow[ noE[ ;[ rozE[ gzu gotkDk. (tko 7 gT[Vh 5)
5H gow/;o j? gzi fwfb b/y nb/y B ehwfs gkJh. (tko 29 gT[Vh 6)
fJebk nkgDh woIh Bkb T[gd/P d/ e/ r[o{ nkP/ s'A fpgohs eo ;edk j?.
;{oi gqekP
51

f;zx ;[ ofjs gzi ij fwb/A] ww ;o{g ;' d/yj[ Gb/]
G'iB SkdfB fsB i' d/fJ ]w' ej[ gj[ukts f;y ;/fJ]
wBj[ ekwBK fsB s/ gqkgs] PoXk Xo/ fus d[y ykgs]
f;y gzuB wfj w/o' tk;k, g{oB eo'A Xofj i/ nk;k ]
pMc prvwx pMc prDwnu ](3)
fJE/ fJe nkdwh d/ j[ew (Autocracy) iK (Aristocracy)B{z e'Jh EK Bjh.
e[opkDh fsBk r[of;yk GkfJ Grfs r[og[op eozd/. (nzL ehosB 625)
gziK fgnkfonK d/ BkwK s'A f;Zfynk
1HdfJnk s'A dfJnk XkoB eoBh
DOlu Drmu dieAw kw pUqu ](3)
sEkL s[b;h dk; B/ fejk j? L^
dfJnk Xow ek w{b j?, gkg w{b nfGwkB.
s[b;h dfJnk B S'vhJ/, ip br xfN wfj gqkD]
2H Xow s'A Xow d/ XkoBh j'DK. dfJnk tkb/ ftu Xow io{o j't/rk.
3H w[jew s'A fJokd/ dk wip{s pDBk j?. fijVk fJokd/ dk pbh j't/rk T[j fjzwsh
io{o j't/rk.
4H fjzws s'A fjzws r[D XkoB eo/rk, T[j gzit/A ;kfjp d/ :'r j' e/ Gkt nkfrnk dk
gkbD eoe/ ;kfjp pB ikt/rk.
gzi eekoK s'A f;Zfynk
gzi eZe/ feT[A io{oh jB< r[o{ dk j[ew j? fJj T[so jh ekch j?.
1H eSfjok L is dh fBPkBh j?.
2H eVk L;zs'yh j'D dk fuzB j?. fjo; swk s'A toi/ ofjD dh fBPkBh j?.
3H e/; L tkfjr[o{ tZb f;ZX/ j'D dh fBPkBh j?.
4H ezxk L ;kv/ wB dhnK ;kohnK T[bMKtK s/ ftP/ ftekoK d/ w[od/ tkbK s'A wB d/ ;kc j'D
dk fuzB j? .
52

5H sbtko L ;kvh nDy ;{ophosk s/ ;_?wkB dh fBPkBh j? iK ej' ekb dh fusktBh j? i/
fJzBQK r[DK dk XkoBh BjhA fco fdykt/ wkso G/yh jh j?.
;s dh geV fet/A eo/ <
hir BieE KWfu ryqu mih ibKirE hsqMØI cuinE n jweI ](972)
gqwkD L^ fit/A fe;/ nkdwh gk;'A yzv, o/s ftu v[Zb rJh. T[; s'A u[eh Bk ikt/ gqzs{ ehVhnK
u[e e/ bJh ikD, nkfyo T[; B/ yzv o/s gkDh ftu x'b e/ gkDh fBsko e/ gkDh ekVQ e/ Y/o
yzv pDk bJh.
(dk fdqPNKs)L joh yzv j?, o/s wkfJnk j?. o/s ftu yzv B{z fwbk d/Dk, joh B{z wkfJnk
w'j ftu G[Zb ikDk j?. ;s ;zrs o{gh eVkjh ftZu gk e/ gq/w dk gkDh gkfJnk. gq/w o{g j'DK
o/s s'A fBnkok j'DK j?. nzro/Ih tkb/ efjzd/ jB L^ “God is Love” oZp gq/w j?, jeheh gq/w
dh rZb j?. ;' gq/w o{g j'DK yzv dk gkDh ftu fwbDK j?. d/j nfGwkB o{gh bZeVK ;kV e/
ftuko o{gh nrBh Bkb nkswk B{z gqkgs j' ikDk yzv dk gkDh s'A tZyok j' e/ nkgD/ ;o{g
ftu nkT[Dk j?. nEtk pqjwkeko fposh fBwosk o{gh ehVh B/ wkfJnk o/s ftu'A nkswkBzd
o{gh yzv B{z gqkgs eoBK j?.
;s;zrs s'A fpBK r[opkDh dh ;ko BjhA nKT[dh.
gqwkD^ fJe ehVh B/ fwPoh d/ Y/o B{z t/fynk. pkeh ehVhnK B{z ik e/ fejk^ fe w?A
fwPoh dk Y/o t/y e/ nkJh jK. Gkt fwm/ o; dk gjkV t/y e/ nKJh jK, nkT[ s[;hA th
nkT[. T[j ftukohnK fbZd ftu GowdhnK fcodhnK rJhnK. fwZm/ dk o; fe;/ B{z Bk
nkfJnk. gfjbh ehVh ;wM rJh fe fbZd tkb/ w{zj jB, ;'u e/ ;GBK B{z frZb/ EK ftu dh
bzxkfJnk. fi; Bkb w{zj ;kc j' rJ/ c/o nBzs o; nkfJnk. fJ;/ soQK ;ko/ Pk;sq dk sZs
eZY e/ r[o{ ih B/ pkDh o{gh fwPoh dk gjkV pDkfJnk jk?. Grsh ;fjs iht T[j gfjbh
ehVh j?, pkeh ehVhnK ;G ;z;koh iht jB. ftP/ tkPBK o{gh fbZd Bkb w{zj Go/ gJ/ jB.
t?okr o{gh gkDh Bkb X'D sK n;bh nBzd j't/, J/j' jkb ;kv/ r[opkDh T[s/ fB;u/ ;qh r[o{
rozE ;kfjp ih d/ nkdo dk j?.
gqwkD d[obGsk dk
fJe oki/ B/ nkgD/ Pfjo ftu goik d/ ;[y bJh pj[s fB:w pDkJ/. gqzs{ T[; d/ Gok
GkJhnK s/ fBeN toshnK B/ BK wzB/, gfjbK sK ;G B{z d/P fBekbk d/ fdZsk go fco fwjo
ehsh fJe tZvk ;kok pkr T[BQK d/ ofjD bJh d/ fdZsk fe T[E/ ofj e/ r[ikok efonk eoB,
eJhnK B/ sK jZE g?o jh BK fjbkJ/ s/ G[y/ wod/ gqkD fsnkr rJ/. pj[s ;ko/ bZeVhnK eZN
eZN e/ t/uD bZr/ ns/ r[ikok eoB bZr/, eJhnK B/ T[;/ ftu'A uzBD d/ p{N/ bZG bJ/ ns/
Pkj{eko pD rJ/ fe;/ B/ fco s[o e/ gko; bZG fbnk i' ;'Bk pDkT[D bZr gJ/. fe;/ B/
fuzskwDh bZGh, fi; s'A i' w[okd wzrB g{oh j' ikt/. oki/ B/ ;G B{z p[bkfJnk, fuzskwDh tkb/
B{z okik, gko; tkb/ B{z tIho ns/ d{finK B{z Pkj{eko nkfd pDk e/ jo fJe B{z ngBk ngBk
jZe d/ fdZsk. fJ;/ soK okik nekb g[oy j?. u/szB nzP j'D s'A iht ;G ;pzXh s/ Gok GkJh
53

jh jB. oZph j[ew ekB{zB jB. fiBQK B{z Bk wzB/ T[BQK B{z u"ok;h o{g T[ikV ftu SZv fdZsk.
fwjo eoe/ wB[Zyk iBw ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih pkr pyP fdZs/. fizBK pkDh BK gVQh,
G[y/ jh wo rJ/. i' gkm eoe/ r[Ikok eoB bZr/ T[j bZeVK t/uD tkfbnK dh fBnkJhA, pkDh
gVQ e/ p?okr ftu nkJ/ sK uzBD Bkb Pkj{eko pD rJ/, gko; dh tZNh Grsh tkb/ tIho
pD/, fuzskwDh pqjw ftfdnk fi; Bkb fBi ;o{g dh gksPkjh gk bJh.
Gow dh Bftosh s'A gqkgsh
fit/A wjKg[oPK B{z fJe i'rh ;zs B/ gqPB ehsk, Gow ;pzXh ftuko dZ;'. ;zs ih B/
fejk nkg frnkBh th s/ ;zs th j', Gow dh T[sgsh s/ j'o fJ; dk w{b nkfd th s[;hA
ikDd/ j' sK feogk eoe/ dZ; fdT[. go i/ w?A e/tb fJsBK jh ;wfMnk jK fit/A fe;/ nkdwh
dh M'bh ftu ;og fvZr gt/, i/eo T[j ;'uD bZr gt/ fe fJj feE'A nkfJnk j?< fe; soQK
nkfJnk j?< fe; ekoD nkfJnk j?< sd B{z T[j ;og vzr ikt/rk ns/ nkdwh B{z yk b/t/rk,
jK id'A jh T[;B{z ;g d/ fvZrD dk frnkB j'fJnk, MN gN T[;B{z pkjo eZY wkfonk.fJ;/
soK fi; B{z Gow dk gsk bZr ikJ/ T[; B{z MN gN nzdo'A pkjo eZY d/t/. T[sgsh d/ frnkB
gqkgs eofdnK nk:{ ftjk ikt/rh, vzr/ ;og ts o'Dk gt/rk. ;zs pV/ gq;zB j'J/ nkg dh
ftuko pVh T[sw j?. gqzs{ ftdtkBK B{z fJ; dh T[sgsh d/ frnkB s'A th ykbh BjhA ofjDK
ukjhdk.
;zs nso f;zx ih w;s{nkDK ns/ pkpk ;[zdo f;zx ih fGzvoK tkfbnK dh thuko r'PNh L^
;zs nso f;zx ih wjkoki B/ dZf;nk, frnkBh ih n;hA r[owzso d/ nk;o/ fuzsk s'A
nfuzs j[zd/ j'J/ nkgD/ fBi ;o{g ftu „fposh bhB‟ eoB dk sohek eod/ jK j'o s[;hA pbh
g[oy frnkB nk;o/ nkgD/ wB B{z fuzsk s'A nfuzs eoe/ fuzsk nfuzsk ofjs fJBQK dk d_zdkGkt
eoe/ ;_? nB[Gt gqekP ;o{g ftu bhB j' iKd/ j' sK ;zs frnkBh ih B/ fejkL^ nkg ih dk i'
r[owzso eoe/ fBokXko j'D dk sohek j? fJj' ;'jDK s/ T[sw j? fJ;/ B{z dk; tosdk j?,
feT[Afe Ppd ftu ;[os brk e/ BkBk Ppd fsnkr e/ J/e Ppdkeko, j'Jh uzubsk fsnkr e/
ftuko w/A ;fEs j' iKdk j? c/o eow g[Dk fsnkr e/ ftuko o{g j'Jh sK Ppd ;[os dk d[zd
Bjh ofjzdk, Ppd ;[os ;G wzIbK bzxk e/ nPpd o{g w/A fsnkrh g[oP dh jT[w? bhB eoe/
nkg BjhA ofjzd/ id'A fco fposh frnkB nkt/ sK c/o Ppd nk;ok j' e/ ;G irs o{g Bkw
gqgzu dk pkX eodk ofjzdk j?. nd_?s o{g g[oy j'fJnk, d_?s o{g fdqPN fsnkr fdzdk j? ;G
nkgBk nkg jh iK ;G Uj' jh Uj' e[M efj bt' frnkB ;fEs j' e/ ihtB w[efs nEtk
fpd/j w[es j' iKdk j?. BktK dk jh G/d j? ;' fJ; soQK Grsh d[nkok nd_?s jk;b eoBK
f;Zy Xow j?. Xow ;z;feqs dk Ppd j? fi; d/ noE jB XkoBk.
gqwkD L^
fJe pqkjwD B/ ftfdnk gVQh pVk XB yZfNnk. XB B{z b? e/ izrb ftu dh bzx fojk
;h. fszB u'o wro br s[o/, u'oK ftu'A fJe pqkjwD ;h, fJe iZN s/ fJe uzvkb ;h, id'A
54

fszB/ iD/ pqkjwD B{z b[ZND bZr/ sK T[;B{z fJe pukT[ dk T[gkT[ ;[fMnk. iZN s/ pqkjwD B{z
fJe gk;/ ehsk, nZv fbik e/ pqkjwD B{z efjD bZrk s{z w/ok iks GkJh j? s/ iZN B{z efjD
bZrk fe s{z w/ok iiwkB j? s[;hA uzvkb B{z XB feT[A d/Ad/ j' < d'B' iD/ ob e/ tzv fbnk i/,
s[;hA d'B'A b? bt' w?B{z p/PZe Bk fdnk i/. T[BK uzvkb B{z nkgD/ Bkb'A fBy/V fdZsk. d'B'A iD/
pqkjwD e'b'A XB wzrD bZr/ sK pqkjwD B/ pqkjwD u'o B{z fJe gk;/ eoe/ fejk pqkjwD dk XB
iZN d/ xo feT[A ikt/ s{z w?B{z E'Vk d/ d/thA nkgK d't/A iD/ ob e/ iZN B{z XZe/ d/JhJ/. fJ;/
soK ehsk frnk. iZN B{z XZek d/ fdZsk. fJsB/ fuo B{z fgzv B/V/ nk frnk. u'o pqkjwD B/
XBh pqkjwD B{z fejk XB d/ d/, T[; B/ fgzv B/V/ d/ j'A;b/ T[s/ BzpodkoK gk; fog'N dk voktk
d/ e/ T[;B{z th itkp d/ fdZsk fJj iht pqjw dh iks j'D eoe/ pqkjwD j?.
khu kbIr iehu rwm kI AMsu ] js kwgd pr imtY n mMsu ] 4](871)
iehu prpMcu pwrbRhm kI lIlw ibcrq Awn n hoeI ] 2 ] (485)
khu kbIr jo bRhmu bIcwrY ] so bRwhmxu khIAqu hY hmwrY ] 4 ] (324)
fszB r[D ;s', oi', sw' fszB u'o jB, sw' uzvkb j?, oi' iZN j? s/ ;s' pqkjwD j?.
fJ; iht gk; nkswk XB j?. ;z;ko izrb j?. iht fJ; izrb ftu ;co eo fojk j?.
nkswk XB b[ZND bJh fJj fszB u'o fJ; B{z fuzpV/ j'J/ jB id se fJj u'o gqpb jB sd
sZe fJj iht ngB/ xo BjhA ik ;edk. ;fsr[o dh P[G f;Zfynk b? e/ fJ; B/ ;'funk fe
fJBQK fszBK jh r[DK s'A S[Nekok gkfJnk ikt/, oi' s/ ;s' dk nk;ok b? e/ sw' i' fsnkrD i'r
j? T[; B{z fsnkfrnk j? id'A sw'A dk fsnkr j'fJnk sK oi' d[y o{g ikfgnk.
rsu suienw rsu rupw kwmix rsu prml kI vwsu ](15)
fJsB/ o; jB sK ;s' B{z feE/ fj;k fwbdk j?. ;s' d/ nk;o/ iht B/ oi' B{z th fsnkr
fdZsk sK d[y d{o j' rJ/ c/o fgzv B/V/ nkfJnk sK e[M j"A;bk j'fJnk.
bygm purw shr ko nwau ] dUKu AMdohu nhI iqih Twau ](345)
hrK Anµq sog nhI bIAw ] so Gru guir nwnk kau dIAw ] 4 ](186)
nkg seVk j'fJnk sK fJ; s'A T[go fBo'b nkgD/ ;o{g ftu nk frnk L
fsqr[D nshs us[oE r[D rzwsk e? gzi ss[ bzx gow ss tk;h j? ]
idnsu n rYin bydu nhI swsqR qhw bsY inrMkwrw ] (484)
fszBK r[DK s'A S[Nekok fszBK u'oK s'A S[Nekok j? s/ c/o nkgD/ ;o{g ftu bhB ofjzdk
j?. ceho B{z j'Ad ysw eoBh g?Adh j? .
pihlw mrxu kbUil jIvx kI Cif Aws ](1102)
ijn hir jipAw sy hir hoey hir imilAw kyl kylwlI ] 3 ](667)
55

nyzv gkm
i'odko toPk j? i' frZb ;[e eo d/Adk j?. tk:{ wzvb s/ th g{ok n;o gkT[Adk j?.
;ji gkm fBzwh MVh j?.
wB B{z t; eoB bJh b'j/ u[zpe dk fdq;NKs
b'j/ B{z o/sh Bkb x;k x;k e/ o/s ftu fwbk fdZsk iKdk j?. T[; B{z fJeZmk eoBk
n;zGt j?, go id'A u[zpe gZEo B/V/ ehsk iKdk j? sK ;kok b'jk u{B u[zpe gZEo dh fyZu s'A
fJe EK nk i[Vdk j?. fJj fJeZmk j'fJnk b'j u{B pj[s ;kohnK phwkohnK B{z jNKdk j?.
i/eo fe;/ ftXh Bkb dtkJhnK ftu tofsnk ikt/. fJ;/ soK d[BhnK dh tkPBk o/sh j?, wB
b'jk j?. tkPBktK fJ; B{z orV orV e/ fybko d/AdhnK jB. Ppd, PgoP, o{g, o;, rzX
nkfd o/s ftu fwb iKdk j?. fJ; B{z fJeZmk eoBk emB j?. wB nZyK B{z t/yD ns/ ezBK B{z
;[DB ftu bk fdzdk j?^
nyh t/fy B oihnk pj[ ozr swk;/.(nzLehosB 871)
fJzdq: fsqgs BjhA j[zd/ L^
mÚ 2 ] AwKxu AwiK n rijAw sunix n rjy kMn ]
AKI dyiK n rjIAw gux gwhk iek vMn ](147)
fJ; soQK fJe fJe B/ ngB/ ozr ftu bk SZfvnk j?. fJBQK B/ gqw/Po dh Grsh ftu
fJeZmk j' e/ fJe o; bZrD BK fdZsk. r[o Ppd u[zpe gZEo j?. fJ; Bkb wB dhnK
fyzvhnK j'JhnK ftoshnK fJekro j' iKdhnK jB. fJ; soK wB fJekro j' e/ b'j u{B tKr{
pbtkB j' iKdk j?. fit/A b'j u{B wko e/ wB{o nkfd nB/eK skesK tkbhnK dtkJhnK
pDdhnK jB. fJ;/ soK j/m fby/ sohe/ nB[;ko i/ wB wkfonk ikt/ sK p/nzs skesK g?dk
j[zdhnK jB. ;kX ;zrs o{gh d[ekB, Grsh e[mkbh, d[BhnK d/ ;[nkd bZeVK, sg o{gh
nrBh, b'j u{B wB wkoB bJh gkfJnk, p?okr fpp/e o{gh e[ZfinK ftZu gk e/ ;zgN fdZsk.
gq/w o{gh w;kbk ftu gk e/ Ykfbnk s/ wB{o pD frnk. fJj wB{o fszBK skgK B{z jNKdk j?.
jzeko eq'X s/ ekw B{z PoXk jhD Bwodh B{z jNKdk j?.
fBowkBsk go ;kyh
GkJh wfjzrk ih o'i jfowzdo ;kfjp fJPBkB eoB/ iKd/ ;B. Pkj{eko ;{w o'i
r[od[nko/ iKdk ;h. o'i wfjzrk ih d/ BkT[D ;w/A Y'b yVeD s'A szr nk e/ Pkj{eko dh shthA
B/ go'bk wkfonk. fJ; B/ X' e/ ;[ek e/ pZshnK pDK e/ r[od[nko/ Pkj{eko d/ Bkw nodk;
56

eokJh. Pkj{eko nodk; ;[D e/ jZek pZek ofj frnk fe w/o/ xo'A fet/A j'fJnk. fBoBk
eoB s'A gsk bZfrnk. nkyho GkJh wfjzr/ dh dkBk ftosh d/y e/ w[nkch wzrh ns/ dkB
tkbh fposh pDk e/ ;zrsK dh ;/tk ftu Pkj{eko gqtko ;w/s ssgo j' frnk. fJ;/ soQK
;z;okw tkb/ uku/ cZr{ B/ e{V/ ftu'A p/oh dh frNe phi e/ p/oh d/ ;fsr[oK B{z cb y[nk e/
nPhotkd gqkgs ehsh ;h .
mwDvy ikAw khIAY BRmu AYsw ] jYsw mwnIAY hoie n qYsw ] 1 ](657)
gqwkD L
fJ;/ soK skg o'r j?. gokJ/ r[D gokfJnk XB gokJh T[;ss d/y e/ Bk ;jko ;eDK
;VBK. fJ; dh dtkJh j? fBt^ubDK fBwosk eoBh. pdjIwh j? nkgD/ r[DK s/ nkgD/ XB
nkfd dk wkB i; eoBK s/ i; c?bkT[DK. jzeko eoBK nckok Gh j?. fJ; dk fJbkI j? fe
fJj ;wMDK tfvnkJh gqw/Po dh j? fjod/ ftu rohph XkoBh u{oB j? joh d/ f;woB ftu
gqhsh brBh no'rsk j? fi; eoe/ joh Bkw dh G[Zy bZrdh j?. ftfPnK dh fJZSk yJh o'r
j?. fJbkI j? gdkoEK B{z M{m ;wMDK. ekw eq'X w'j fJj fsqd'y o'r j? (rowh, pkdh, y[Peh)
;G ihtK B{z ;[ek fdzdh j?. fJbki j? ;fsr[oK dh pkDh d[nkok T[gd/P b?DK s/ wzBDK.
w{oy d/ bZSD L^
mÚ 1 sloku ] mCI qwrU ikAw kry pMKI ikAw Awkwsu ] pQr pwlw ikAw kry Kusry ikAw Gr vwsu
] kuqy cMdnu lweIAY BI so kuqI Dwqu ] bolw jy smJweIAY pVIAih isMimRiq pwT ] AMDw cwnix
rKIAY dIvy blih pcws ] cauxy suienw pweIAY cuix cuix KwvY Gwsu ] lohw mwrix pweIAY FhY n
hoie kpws ] nwnk mUrK eyih gux boly sdw ivxwsu ] 1 ] (143)
= so mUrKu jo Awpu n pCwxeI sic n Dry ipAwru ]4](492)
= mUrKw isir mUrKu hY ij mMny nwhI nwau ]2] (1015)
= mUrK ky ikAw lKx hY ikAw mUrK kw krxw ]
mUrKu Ehu ij mugDu hY AhMkwry mrxw ] (953)
gqwkD L^
fe;/ oki/ dh c"i B/ d{;o/ d/P s/ uVkJh ehsh. fJe p[ZYh dh itkB bVeh dk fe;/
f;gkjh B/ ;s Gzr ehsk. p[Yh o'Adh e[obKdh oki/ gk; rJh efjD bZrh j/ okiB w/oh bVeh
dk ;s Gzr eoB tkbk f;gkjh BjhA, s{z j? i/eo s/ok nkuoD T[Zuk j't/. s{z nkdoPe ihtB
pshs eo/ sK s/o/ nfjbekoK dh eh wIkb j? fe T[j pdubD j' ;eD. f;gkjhnK dh eh
I[ons j? T[j e[eowh j'D< ;' j/ okiB fJBQK wzd eowK dk d'P s/o/ f;o s/ j? ns/ oki/ B{z
wkJh d/ puB fdb ftu y[G rJ/. wkJh nZr/ f;o fBtk fdZsk i' ;Ik mhe ;wM/ w?B{z d/ d/.
oki/ dh fJ; T[dkjoD B/ f;gkjh B{z fJsBK Pofwzdk ehsk. T[; B{z fiT[Dk wjkb j' frnk
57

;koh gqik s/ pVh ;B;Bh g?dk eoB tkbk n;o fgnk. fJj' ekoD j? fe nZi eZb goik dk
fJybke fro frnk j?. n|;oK dk ihtB fro frnk j?. ekoD fJj' j? okfinK wjkokfinK
;oekoK d/ ihtB fro u[Ze/ jB feT[Afe gqpzX X'y/pkih s/ fBoGo j?.
ftfdnkoEhnK gqsh jdkfJs bJh ;kyh
fJe pqkjwD fJe izrb ftu ubk frnk. nukBe fJe ni/jh EK s/ gj[zu frnk fiE/
sZfenk sK u"jhA gk;hA e'Jh B e'Jh pbkn w"i{d j?. fJe gk;/ ckjhnK bZrhnK j'JhnK jB
d{i/ gk;/ izrb B{z nZr bZrh j'Jh j? s/ shi/ gk;/ fJe v?D bzwhnK pkjK g;koh iZck wkoB
bJh yb'sh j? u"E/ gk;/ fJe G[Zyk P/o j?. gzfvs xpok e/ izrb d/ ftueko/ nk frnk. fJe
p'jV dh bzwh dkVQh y{j ftu bwedh t/yh. MZN dkVQh B{z cV e/ y{j ftu bwe frnk id j/mK
B{z fBrkj ehsh sK ;Zg w{zj nZvh czeko/ wko fojk j? T[go tZb B{z sZfenk sK fJe w;s
jkEh nk frnk. fi; dkVQh Bkb T[j bNedk ;h T[; d/ T[go wkfyT[ bZrh j'Jh ;h. T[; d/
bNeD Bkb vkjDh fjZbh s/ T[; d/ w{zj ftu wkfyT[ dk Pfjd NgeD br fgnk. T[E/ fco
fJj th fvZmk fe d' u{j/ fJe fuZNk s/ fJe ekbk T[; NkjDh B{z N[Ze oj/ jB. gqzs{ eh eodk
fJj d/ydk s/ ikDdk j'fJnk th T[; u'Adh wkfyT[ d/ o; ftu jh ;G e[ZM G[Zb frnk nkfyo
u{fjnK B/ T[j vkjDh eZN fdZsh . pqkjwD ftukok ;Zg d/ w{zj ftu ik fgnk.
fJ;/ soQK pqkjwD iht j?. ;z;ko o{gh T[ikV ftu nkfJnk j?. fJe gk;/ tkPBktK
dhnK ckjhnK bZrhnK j'JhnK jB. d{i/ gk;/ fsqPBk o{gh nZr wu ojh j?, shi/ gk;/ fpoX
nt;Ek o{gh v?D bzwhnK pkjK eoe/ d"Vh nk ojh j?. u"E/ gk;/ jzeko o{gh P/o sVK wko
fojk j?. rqfj;s p{Nk j? s/ T[wo fJ; dh dkVQh j?, y{j ;oho j?, po; o{gh jkEh j?. fdB s/
oks fuZNk s/ ekbk u{j/ jB, ftfPnK dk ;[y Pfjd j?, ekb ;og j?. T[wo o{gh dkVQh eZNh
ik ojh j? sK fvZr e/ ekb d/ w{zj ftu ik g?Adk j? ;' fJ;/ soQK fijV/ wB{yK iBw b? e/ ;og
d/ w{zj ftu fvZrD i'r/ jh ofjzd/ jB T[j nkgDk e[M BjhA ;[nko ;ed/.
BeI prwpiq mwnuK dyhurIAw ] goibMd imlx kI ieh qyrI brIAw ](12)
wB[Zyk iBw n?;k ;wK j? fe n?;k fco Bk fwb/rk.
Ab ky Cutky Taur n TwieE ]3] (337)
tkbh pks j? e[M Bjh j't/rk.
iehI qyrw Aausru ieh qyrI bwr ] Gt BIqir qU dyKu ibcwir ](1159)
gauVI guAwryrI mhlw 5 ] keI jnm Bey kIt pqMgw ] keI jnm gj mIn kurMgw ] keI jnm pMKI
srp hoieE ] keI jnm hYvr ibRK joieE ] 1 ] imlu jgdIs imln kI brIAw ] icrMkwl ieh dyh
sMjrIAw ] 1 ] rhwau ] keI jnm sYl igir kirAw ] keI jnm grB ihir KirAw ] keI jnm swK
kir aupwieAw ] lK caurwsIh join BRmwieAw ] 2 ] swDsMig BieE jnmu prwpiq ] kir syvw Bju hir
58

hir gurmiq ] iqAwig mwnu JUTu AiBmwnu ] jIvq mrih drgh prvwnu ] 3 ] jo ikCu hoAw su quJ qy
hogu ] Avru n dUjw krxY jogu ] qw imlIAY jw lYih imlwie ] khu nwnk hir hir gux gwie
] 4 ] 3 ] 72 ](176)
fijV/ fJE'A y[zM iKd/ jB c/o T[j T[sb/ u"ok;h d/ r/V/ ftu g? iKd/ jB.
wB[Zy iBw bJh gqwkD
fit/A fJe febk ;h, T[; d/ u"ok;h p{j/ ;B, ;ko/ pzd ;B, fJe' y[Zbk ;h. feb/ ftZu
fJe nzBK, N[zvk, rziK fszBK n"r[DK tkbk nkdwh nk frnk. ftuko/ B/ e{e g[eko ehsh fe
okj dZ;', fe;/ B/ fejk fijVk jZE ;kps ;h, fJ; Bkb dhtko N'jh uZb fiE/ y[Zbk p{jk
nkt/rk T[E'A dh fBeb ikthA, p{jk nkfJnk sK rzi T[go wZyh B/ p?m e/ y[oe eo fdZsh
fijV/ jZE Bkb N'Ajdk ;h, T[;/ jZE Bkb y[oeB bZr fgnk sK fJsB/ B{z p{jk bzx frnk,
ftukok c/o T[;/ uZeo ftu g? frnk. fJ;/ soK ;z;ko febk j?, fi; ftu uT[ok;h bZy i{BK
u"ok;h p{j/ jB, ;G pzd jB, e/tb fJe' wB[yk iBw tkbk y[Zbk j?. ftuko s/ t?okr o{gh
B/soK s'A jhD j'D eoe/ nzBk j?, P[G r[DK ofjs j? fJ; bJh rzik j?, gq/w o{gh pKj B j'D
eoe/ N[zvk j?, G'rK dh fJfSnk y[oe j?, wyh wkfJnk j?.
mwKI rwm kI qU mwKI] jh durgMD qhw qU bYsih mhw ibiKAw md cwKI ]1](1227)
fi; t/b/ wB[yk iBw fwfbnk, sK ftekoK dh y[oe ftu dotkik bzxk fdZsk fJ;/
nBikDg[D/ ftu u"ok;h d/ r/V ftu g? frnk .
nZr/ j'o gqwkD
r[opkDh dk gkm, r[opkDh dh thuko ;kB{z ;'Mh fdzdh j? fe fpeko ;G nDj'J/ jB
d[BhnK d/ gdkoE ;G M{m/ s/ n;Zs jB gqzs{ fJzBK ftZu nkswk ;Zs j?, wkfJnk nftfdnk
eoe/ fJj gdkoE Gkt/A fesBh ndbk pdbh eo b?D, gqzs{ nksw gdkoE jh ;s ofjzdk j?.
fit/A 9 (BkfJnK) nzr nkgDk r[D BjhA fsnkrdk 9 s'A 18 pDd/ jB, nZm s/ fJe 9 (B"A),
9 s'A 27 pDd/ jB ;Zs d' B"A, fJ;/ soK 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90 ;GBK ftu BKfJnk
ss n^pdb j?. 99 j? d'jK ftu BkfJnk j? iK ej' 9O9 & 18 s/ c/o nZm s/ fJe B"A . ;'
fJ; soK nksw gdkoE j?. ;kB{z BKJ/ dk frnkB nwbh s"o s/ j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJj j[zdk j?
;fsr[oK dh pkDh ;[D e/ wzB/, r[opkDh B{z fBok gVQe/ jh BjhA ,;r'A r[opkDh nB[;ko ofj e/
jK jI{oh ftu gVQe/. ;' fJ; r[opkDh dh ;'Mh bJh wjKg[oPK dk j[ew j? ftfdnkoEhnK B{z,
T[ZgobhnK rZbK s'A ;pe f;ZyDK ukjhdk j?.
r[opkDh dh thuko ;w/A nkPk
r[opkDh dh thuko ;w/A fe;/ fttjkoe f;Xh iK fe;/ j'o skes iK f;Xh dh fJZSk
BjhA oZyDhA ukjhdh, e/tb fBi ;kXB ;_? gqkgsh fBi ;o{g ftu bhB j'DK jh fBPkBK j'DK
59

ukjhdk j?. fijV/ nkdwh fttjkoe fJZSk iK j'o eokwksK nkfd ftu c; iKd/ jB T[j g{oB
gsh d/ dhdko s/ T[; d/ t;kb BjhA jk;b eo ;ed/.
khu kbIr jw kY msqik Bwgu ] sB prhir qw kau imlY suhwgu ] 3 ] 21 ] (327)
e'Jh okik nkgDh okiXkBh s'A ftdk j' e/ d[okv/ Pfjo (d/P) B{z csfj eoB frnk,
okDhnK s/ gotko ;kok, fgSb/ Pfjo ftu jh ofjD fdZsk id T[; d/P dh csfj gk u[Zek
sK oki/ B/ okDhnK B{z fuZmh fbyh fe i' i' ;[rksK dh s[jkB{z fJXo'A b'V j't/ , fby' w?A b?
nKtkrk. fe;/ okDh B/ e[M fbfynk, fe;/ B/ e[M, ;G B/ nkgDk fdb bk e/ ehwsh s'A ehwsh
uhI fbyh, gqzs{ fJe p[XtkB okDh B/ ekrI b? e/ T[;d/ T[s/ bkb fNweDk bk e/ „;‟ fby
fdsk oki/ B/ tIho ;Zd e/ T[; d/ noE g[ZS/ tIho B/ fejk fe T[; B{z ;G s'A tZvh uhI nkg
ih d/ ;o{g d/ dhdko dh fJZSk j?, okik pj[s gq;zB j'fJnk, pV/ s'jc/ sjkfJ| b? e/ T[;
okDh e'b jh frnk. fJ; soK foXhnK f;XhnK dh fJfSnk eoB tkfbnK B{z nekb g[oy
BjhA fwbdk.
rwju n cwhau mukiq n cwhau min pRIiq crn kmlwry ] (534)
;' r[opkDh dh thuko t/b/, ehosB t/b/ nekb g[oy jh fBPkBK oZyDK ukjhdk j?, T[j
fes/ pkjo BjhA ;kv/ nzdo jh j?.
Gt Gt mY hir jU bsY sMqn kihE pukwir ](1427)
Git Git bRhmu pswirAw BweI pyKY suxY hjUir ] (640)
jil Qil pUrn AMqrjwmI ] Git Git rivAw ACl suAwmI ](1080)
nkp/j:ks
fi; nkp/ j:ks B{z f;ezdo fes'A pkjo'A bZGD frnk ;h. T[j ;kv/ nzdo jh j?, efjzd/
jB fe f;ezdo B/ nkp/ fj:ks dh Y{zv ftu eJh gjkV uho/, okePK Bkb :[ZX ehsk, pVhnK
n"eVK ;fj e/ nzfwqs e[zv T[s/ g[Zik, T[; d/ d[nkb/ ;ZgK d/ e[zvb ;B, PkPsoK Bkb eZNe/
nZr/ bzfxnk sK fJe uZeo fcodk fvZmk, T[; B{z pzd ehsk nkp/j:ks ghD bZrk, jk;/ dh
ntkI nkJh cfoPfsnK B/ ;Gk bk e/ T[; B{z X'yk d/D dh e'fPP ehsh, T[otPh rbh ;Vh
fJZb dk o{g Xko e/ nkJh, nkp/j:ks ghD bZr gJh f;ezdo B{z Pzek c[oh fe fJj nkp/j:ks
gh e/ frX dk fJj jkb jh j? sK fJ; d/ ghD dk eh bkG j?. T[; dh G?Vh dPk d/y e/ nzfwqs
ghD' jN frnk.
kr mih AMimRqu Awix inswirE ] iKsir gieE BUm pir fwirE ] 2 ](389)
fJj nzfwqs feZE/ j? L^
60

suir nr muin jn AMimRqu Kojdy su AMimRqu gur qy pwieAw ](918)
r[opkDh d/ ehosB Bkb fJj nzfwqs nzdo'A jh bZG g?Adk j?. gzi e'P gjkV jB.
fJzdqhnK d/ts/ jB, ekw eq'X nkfd ;og jB, wB dk jo t/b/ N[od/ ofjDK uZeo j?,
nkp/j:ks nkswkBzd j?.
Gr hI mih AMimRqu BrpUru hY mnmuKw swdu n pwieAw ] (644)
nwnk AMimRqu mnY mwih pweIAY gur prswid ] (1238)
wkfJnk o{g T[otPh j?, fwfEnk fdqPN o{g frX pD e/ pqjw ;o{g ftu d'y fdqPNh i'
fdykT[Dh j?, fJj ;oho ftu gke g?Dh j?, gzy fJe BK ofjDk, P[G T[dw BK ofjDK, f;ezdo
iht j?, Gow eoe/ wB o{gh jZE ftu'A pqjw dh ;Bw[ysk fsnkrDh jZE ftu'A nzfwqs S[N
ikDK j?.
qpu krqy qpsI BUlwey ] pMifq mohy loiB sbwey ](370)
gzi e'P gVd/ jB, nzBw: (;E{b ;oho), gqkDw: e'P, gziK gqkDK dh (rodP)
wB'w: e'P (gzi eow fJzdq/ s/ wB) fJj fszB/ ;{ySw ;oho ftu jB, ftfrnkBw: e'P s/
nBzdw: e'P.
d/j dk rop Bk eo' L^
kbIr grbu n kIjIAY dyhI dyiK surMg ]
Awju kwil@ qij jwhugy ijau kWcurI BuXMg ] 40 ](1366)
gqkgs j[zdh j?.
dkVQh w[zBDK nkgDh g?bh g[ZNDK j?, d/jh ek ;[ji Bk;tzs ;[zdosk B/e eowK Bkb jh
;zsK dh ;/tk L^
mwqr ipqr iqAwig kY mnu sMqn pwih bycwieE ](1230)
XkoBK L^ fwjo eohA r[o{ BkBe ih fwjo eohA.
Ppd L^ jgqu jlµdw riK lY AwpxI ikrpw Dwir ] (853)
wZ;/ ozxV dk fdqPNKs L^
wB[yh d/jh jfowzdo ;kfjp j?. jzeko wd wZ;k ozxV j?. fodk ;o'to j? i' ftP/
tkPBk Bkb g{fonk j'fJnk j?. e[p[fX o{gh t/Ptk j?. Ppd, PgoP o{g rfjD/ gfjB e/
61

gdkoEK dh fBoBk o{g fBosekoh eo ojh j?, swke{ swQK dk eoBk, wZ;k jzeko gh fojk j?,
dt?s tkdh ftP/ d/ ;[y w/A e?dh b'eK dh ;Gk br ojh j?. b'G o{gh Pokp gh e/ gqwkdh j'J/
dt?s doPB o{g nykVk ftPJh b'e d/y oj/ jB. Pqh jfowzdo wB[yk d/jh dh p/ndph j[zdh
d/y e/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx Xow f;zx B/ uVQkJh ehsh t?okr s/ f;de nkfd ;kEh b? e/ gqkDK
o{gh x'fVnK s/ ;tko j' e/ okj ftu mheohnK d/ E?b/ Go/ wkfJnk Sb o{g j?, Grsh eoB d/
:'r XkoBk Xko e/ ;fs;zrs o{gh Pqh nzfwqs;o ftu nkJ/ r[o{ ih s'A P[X frnkB b? e/ rohph
o{gh u'fbnK ftu b[ek e/ i' b'G Pokp ftu wd jzeko w;sh ftu ;h P[X wB B/ r[o frnkB
d/ yzv/ Bkb wd jzeko dk f;o eN fdZsk, ep[fX t/;tk d/ rfjD/ ;G bkj bJ/, ezB'A cV e/
d/jh ftu'A eZY fdZsh, ftP/ ftekoK d/ Y/o s'A ;o'to B{z ykbh eoe/ Bkw dk ib Go fdZsk,
jfowzdo ftu ;t? nBGt gqekP o{g Pqh r[o{ rozE ;kfjp ih gqekP ehs/.
gqwkD L^
bwhrhu haumY khY khwey ] AMdrhu mukqu lypu kdy n lwey ](412)
fe;/ d/P dk okik wo frnk, T[; dk rZdh s/ p?mD tkbk g[Zso e'Jh BjhA ;h,
nfjbekoK B/ ;'funk fe nkgD/ ftu'A fJe ikD/ B{z oki d/ fdT[, fszB ;kb oki ewkt/, fco
izrb ftu G/i fdT[ sK i' T[E/ d/ th ePN G'r/ ;' fizBQK fizBQK gfjb/ fJZSK ehsh, T[BQK bJh
t'NK b? e/ okik pDk fdZsk c/o j[ewB izrb ftu G/i fdZsk. eJhnK B/ fJ; soK d/ d[Zy
G'r/, nyho fJe f;nkDk u'D ftu nkfJnk, T[; B/ nkT[D tkbh b'V B{z nB[Gt ehsk, ;kok
izrb eNtk fdZsk, prhu/ pDkJ/, y{j btkJ/, pT[bhnK fsno eotkJhnK, fszB ;kb w[ZeD
s'A gfjbK jh rZdh fsnkr fdZsh s/ pkjo fJe prhu/ ftu EK wZb bJh b'eK B/ f;nkDk t/y
e/ T[; B{z okik u[D fbnk.
Awgy kau ikCu qulhw bWDhu ikAw Brvwsw Dn kw ] (1253)
wB[Zyk iBw fwfbnk ;h
uT[ok;hj by i'fB ftfu T[sw[ iBw[ ;[ wkDf; d/jh ](nzLehosB 668)
nfrnks g[oP B/ ftP/ ;[yK ftu G'r G'r e/ fpnoE iBw r[nk fbnk. Boe o{gh
fGnkBe izrb ftu wBw[y iht ik fgnk. f;nkD/ b'eK B/ d[fBnkth ;[y SZv e/ gqb'e ;[Xko
dk :sB ehsk. T[BQK bJh Awau bYTu Awdru suB dyaU ] (252) b'e gqb'e dk oki fwb
frnk.
inhkMtk rwju BuMic qU gurmuiK scu kmweI ] (1087)
fit/A e[Zs/ B{z PhP wfjb ftu tkV fdT[ sK nkgDh Peb PhfPnK ftu sZe sZe e/
nkgDh ntkI ;[D ;[D e/ G"Aedk j?, fJ;/ soK pj[s/ r?o fizw/tko nkdwh jB, n?At/ Gow ftu
G"Ae G"Ae G"o j' iKd/ jB.
62

mnmuKu inMdw kir kir ivguqw ] AMqir loBu BaukY ijsu kuqw ](1046)
d[Bhnk fteko eowK ftu'A ;[y bGdh j?.
e'Jh Pokp ftu'A ;[y bZGdk j?, e'Jh o{g o; rzX ;goP nkfd o;K ftu'A, fJj ;G ;[y
n;Zs jB, fBo^T[gkX ;[y dk BkP BjhA j[zdk, ;s ;[y ;dk nyzv ofjzdk j? fit/A oki/ dh
;Gk ftu fNZek pkbe nKT[dk j? ;koh ;Gk T[; B{z nkdo fdzdh j? gqzs{ ;G B{z t/y e/ nZr/
N[odk iKdk j? fJE'A sZe fe e'Jh feqgkb{ g[oy fgsk dh r'd ftu p?mKdk j?, fijVk ;[y s/
nkdo T[; B{z fJE/ bZGk j?, fJ; s'A T[s/ T[;B{z j'o ukjBk Bjh ofjzdh. fJ;/ soK wB pkbe
j? s/ gqw/Po okik j?, feqgkb{ g[oy ;fsr[o ih jB, wB j'oBK ;[yK ftu Gowdk fcodk j?,
go PKsh BjhA nkT[Adh ;z;ko o{gh ;Gk ftu fcodk j?, fi; ftP/ o{gh g[oy dh r'd ftu iKdk
j? Uj' jh rqfjD o{gh nkdo fdzdk j?, go s;Zbh BjhA j[zdh c/o id ;fsr[o{ ih feqgkb{ j[zd/
jB sK fBs ;[y dk p'X d/ e/ r'd ftu ;fEs eo b?Ad/ jB, gqwkswk ftu nG/d j' e/ gq;zB
j[zdk j? ;?AeV/ iBwK dh ckjh eZNh ikD s/ w[es j' iKdk j?.
d' wjKg[oPK dh thuko
wjKg[oPK B/ d{;o/ wjKg[oPK gk; puB ehsk fe gksPkj', b'e PkPsoK ftu fbfynk
j? fe iht uzdqwk dh feoB d[nkok iK pZdb dh Xko d[nkok Xosh s/ nk e/ nBki o{g j'
iKdk j? c/o fJ;sqh g[oyK d/ ykD/ s'A os iK Xks o{g j' e/ d/jeko j[zdk j?. fJj pj[s g[okD/
rqzEK dk b/y j?. nkg ih dk fJ; pko/ eh ftuko j?. fJj puB ;zs pkpk ;[zdo f;zx ih
fGzvoK tkfbnK B/ ehsk, pkpk nso f;zx ih B/ fejk frnkBh ih s[;hA ;G e[M ikDd/ j', gqzs{
s[jkv/ fB;u/ bJh puB s'od/ jK nkgD/ fB;u/ dh rZb dZ;d/ jK, fit/A nekP ;ko/ ;EKBk
ftu j?, fiE/A ezXK eZY e/ SZs d/JhJ/, T[E/ T[; dk Bkw wNkekP g? iKdk j?, n?;/ jh
nfpBkPh ;ko/ fpnkge j?, oes fpzd th T[; d/ nk;o/ ekfJw j?.id'A d/j pD iKdh j? fJ;
s'A gfjbK wksk d/ roG ftu e/jVk ykbe BjhA j? < ;ko/ ftnkge j'D eoe/ fes'A nktdk
BjhA e/tb d/jh pD eoe/ iht Bkw g? iKdk j?.
2H fJj frnkBh ih B/ nfGnk; dk fIeo ehsk fe pkpk Pkw f;zx ih nzfwqs;o
tkfbnK dk fBPuk ;h fe ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih dh w/jo j't/ sK fJe o; f;woB eoe/ jh
nkgD/ nkg nrbh nt;Ek gqkgs j' iKdh j?.
hir kIriq swDsMgiq hY isir krmn kY krmw ] (642)
wB[y B{z e/tb fJe o; j' e/ f;woB eoBK ukjhdk j?. ;zs ih B/ fejk mhe j? j'sh
wodkB tkb/ s/ nBzdg[oh tkb/ ;zg{oB f;zx ih dk th fJj' fBPkBk ;h. gfjbK nkdwh T[uh
T[uh f;woB eodk j?, r[opkDh gVQdk j? iK tkfjr[o{ igdk j? fJ;/ soK T[;dh ftosh
fJekro j' iKdh j?. fJ; s'A nrbh wzfIb j? fe j"bh j"bh f;woB Bkb th fJekro nt;Ek
ofjzdh j? c/o p[Zb BjhA fjZbd/ fJeZbh ihG jh tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ dk nfGnk; eodh j?, e[M
fuo gk e/ ihG th fjZbD'A jN iKdh j?.
63

nigk ikg L^
ibnu ijhvw jo jpY ihAwie ] (1256)
;kok ezm jh joes nm/ gfjo tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ T[ukoD jh eodk ofjzdk j?. c/o
ezm th jN iKdk j?. ;dk sko fbt tkfjr[o{ Bkb jh i[Vh ofjzdh j? J/E'A sZe fe ;z;ko ;kok
jh jo P?n tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ nbkgdh j?. T[; g[oP bJh tkfjr[o{ s'A fpBK fes/ e[M BjhA
Gk;dk. d[BhnK d/ fttjkoK ftZu T[j T[gokw ftosh ftu ftuodk j?.
guru syvhu Aru nwmu iDAwvhu iqAwghu mnhu gumwnI ]4] (216)
wk:k dk ;o{g L^
ey swjn kCu khhu aupwieAw ] jw qy qrau ibKm ieh mwieAw ] (251)
nBopuBh: j? L^
kir ikrpw sqsMig imlwey ] nwnk qw kY inkit n mwey ] 7 ](251)
ftfdnkoEhnK sKJh gqPB L^
r[opkDh, r[o{ BkBe, d; o{g ns/ nekb g[oy fJzBK ftu eh G/d j? <
gfjb/ f;zx dk T[so L^
r[opkDh nekb g[oy dk j[ew j?. ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih b? e/ nkJ/ jB
jYsI mY AwvY Ksm kI bwxI qYsVw krI igAwnu vy lwlo ](722)
d{i/ tb'A L^
f;XKs fJj fe pkDh nekbh gqtkBk j?, fi; d/ fbnktD tkb/ ek;d ;fsr[o{ ih jB.
shi/ tb'A L ^
;fsr[o{ s/ nekb g[oy nG/d jB.
nwnk soDy isMimRiq byd ] pwrbRhm gur nwhI Byd ] 4 ] (1142)
guru prmysru eyko jwxu ] (864)
u"E/ tb'A L ^
64

Awip nrwiexu klw Dwir jg mih prvirXau ]
inrMkwir Awkwru joiq jg mMfil kirXau ] (1395)
gzit/A tb'A L^
siqgur kI bwxI siq srUpu hY gurbwxI bxIAY ] (304)
siqgur bcn bcn hY siqgur pwDru mukiq jnwvYgo ]5] (1309)
wjKg[oPK tb'A L ^
j[ew s'A j[ewh ;'wk j'D eoe/ tZvk j?. ;' nekb g[oy r[opkDh s'A fGzB ns/ tZv/
jB. r[o{ i' ekf;d j? T[j T[; j[ew r[opkDh Bkb'A th S'Nk j?. go ;kvk fB;uk fJj j? fe
pkDh r[o{ nekb g[oy fJe o{g jB.
= gur nwnk dyv goivMd rUp ]8]1] (1192)
& gur goivMdu guoivMdu gurU hY nwnk Bydu n BweI ]4] (442)
& gur kI bwxI isau lwie ipAwru ] AYQY EQY eyhu ADwru ](1335)
& gur kI bwxI ijsu min vsY ] dUKu drdu sBu qw kw nsY ] 1 ](1340)
& swcI bwxI mITI AimRq Dwr ] ijin pIqI iqsu moK duAwr ]5](1275)
& AMimRq bwxI suxq inhwl ] ibnis gey ibiKAw jMjwl ] 1 ](1240)
= bwxI gurU gurU hY bwxI ivic bwxI AMimRqu swry ]
guru bwxI khY syvku jnu mwnY prqiK gurU insqwry ] 5 ](982)
= shs mUriq eyko pRBu Twkuru pRBu eyko gurmiq qwry ] 3 ] (980)
= iekw bwxI ieku guru sbdu vIcwir ] (646)
f;XKs
;kvk fB;uk nv'b ofjDK ukjhdk j? fe nekb g[oy r[o{ s/ pkDh fJe o{g jB. e'Jh
fGzB BjhA, S[[NkJh tvkJh pDdh Bjh, ;s ;zrs s/ gzi fgnko/ fJ; yIkB/ d/ tosktDjko/
jB.
65

nBjs
fJe o; jh gqrN jB, S/ uZeo, gzi/ frnkB fJzdq/ s/ wB jh j?. BkBk ftP/ fJBK d/
ozr jB. fJBQK B{z r[o Ppd eoe/ fBo ftP/ eoBk jh ;op f;Xsk j?. T[gkXhnK d/ o; SZv
e/ pqjwkBzd ftu fsqgs j'Dk Grsh ;fjs frnkB gqkgsh r[owfs f;XKs j?. ndt?s ws s/
r[ows ftu fJj G/d j? fe ndt?s J/esk ftu fBok y[Pe frnkB Bkb jh nkT[Adk j?. Grsh
wfs dt?s ftu ofjzdk j?. r[ows Grsh ns/ ndt?s dk w/b j?. r[ows dk ;kXB Grsh j?
fJ; dk nkdoP J/esk j? i' ndt?s j? r[of;y d/ w[y Grsh fB;u/ frnkB tosD t?okr j?.
d_? s/ J/e o{g j_? r:' ]
r[of;Zyh dh gqkgsh dk toBD j?.
;zsK dh ntZ;Ek
sUhI mhlw 5 ] BwgTVy hir sMq qum@wry ijn@ Gir Dnu hir nwmw ] prvwxu gxI syeI ieh Awey
sPl iqnw ky kwmw ] 1 ] myry rwm hir jn kY hau bil jweI ] kys kw kir cvru Fulwvw crx
DUiV muiK lweI ] 1 ] rhwau ] jnm mrx duhhU mih nwhI jn praupkwrI Awey ] jIA dwnu dy
BgqI lwiein hir isau lYin imlwey ] 2 ] scw Amru swcI pwiqswhI scy syqI rwqy ] scw suKu
scI vifAweI ijs ky sy iqin jwqy ] 3 ] pKw PyrI pwxI Fovw hir jn kY pIsxu pIis kmwvw ]
nwnk kI pRB pwis bynµqI qyry jn dyKxu pwvw ] 4 ] 7 ] 54 ] (748-49)
gMgw jlu gur goibMd nwm ] (1137)
g{oB r[o{ e"D ns/ r[o{ dh b'V jh feT[A j? L^
T[so L
BweI ry gur ibnu igAwnu n hoie ] pUChu bRhmy nwrdY byd ibAwsY koie ] 1] (59)
gur ibnu igAwnu n pweIAY ibiKAw dUjw swdu ] (61)
wB[y dk frnkBtkB j'Dk io{oh j?. frnkB r[o{ fpBK j' Bjh ;edk. frnkB nziB
r[o{ jh fdzdk j?. fBok ntX{s iK gzfvs, ifrnk;{ dk nfrnkB BjhA jNk ;ed/. r[o{ pqjw
;q'sqh s/ pqjw B/PNh g{ok j[zdk j?.
Awip kmwau Avrw aupdys ] (185)
nBgVQ ns/ ntX{s Pzek Bftos BjhA eo ;edk. ewkJh jhD gzfvs fBok PkPsq
frnkBh jh j?. fJj d'B'A r[D oy e/ i' r[o{ g{ik gqfsPmk ukj[zdk j?. T[j th g{oB BjhA, toD
66

iks d/ nfGwkB tkbk th ng{oB j?. t/d nk;o/ ftZdtkB j' e/ tesk j't/ T[j th g{oB Bjh,
sK s/ ;dk ;[szso fe;/ d/ nk;o/ r[o{ Bk j'D tkbk eow T[gkPBk d/ pzXBK s'A go/ ;_? gqekP
o{g nkg jh fBokeko s'A ;or[D o{g j' e/ T[XkoB nkJ/ iht dh e'Nh dh r[o ;q/Dh s'A s/
ntsko gdth s'A ns nzs T[u/ o{g tkb/ y[d fit/A joh Bkw j? fs; dk fst/A r[o{ Bkw Gh
gqrN nkg eoB tkb/ e'N pqjwkfdek d/ T[gd/PNk t/d frnkB dk ns/ nkg t/d frnkB s'A
;[szsq ;[s/ f;X o{g ;d nyzv gkopqjw ih nkg r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ;fsr[o{ ih g{oB nkswk
gqwkswk ndt?s frnkB d/ dks/ r[o{ g{oB d; ;o{g s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih wjkoki jB.
fJBQK dk f;XKs ;fs ;zrs, gzi fgnko/ d[nkok nzfwqs gkB eoe/ w{b wzso r[owzso b? e/
Grsh ;fjs frnkB eoe/ ndt?s o{g i' iht fJ; dh nbgZrsk fsnkr d/ ;opZrsk dk
wkfJe fjZ;k Bftos eoe/ n;o{g jzrsk s[zrsk dk nGkt eoe/ frnkB w[efs gkJhJ/. fJj
w[es uko w[eshnK s/ fpbZyD j? ns/ nBzd o{g w[efs ;fsr[o{ s'A fpBK e'Jh BjhA gk
;edk.
ijau jl mih jlu Awie Ktwnw ] iqau joqI sMig joiq smwnw ] (278)
e/tb ;fsr[o{ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih g{oB r[o{ jB s/ ;[szso jB.(;zsK d/ bcI) r[of;y
dk r[o{ fJPN sK fJ; soQK j? pkeh fJ; fJPN Bkb ;[os i'VB ftu jo f;Zy wjKg[oyK ;zsK
e'b'A iK ;zrs ftu'A ;jkfJsk b? ;edk j?. fJ; soK ;jkfJsk d/D tkbk r[o{ fJPN dh EK
BjhA b? ;edk.
gq/w d/ noE L^
gq/ O w & gq/ d/ noE jB go/, „w* d/ noE jB, wwsk jzrsk jT[w?, gq/ O w s'A go/
jT[w? dk Bk; nkgk tkoBK gq/w j?.
gq/w ntZ;Ek
isrIrwgu mhlw 1 ] ry mn AYsI hir isau pRIiq kir jYsI jl kmlyih ] lhrI nwil pCwVIAY BI
ivgsY Asnyih ] jl mih jIA aupwie kY ibnu jl mrxu iqnyih ] 1 ] mn ry ikau CUtih ibnu
ipAwr ] gurmuiK AMqir riv rihAw bKsy Bgiq BMfwr ] 1 ] rhwau ] ry mn AYsI hir isau
pRIiq kir jYsI mCulI nIr ] ijau AiDkau iqau suKu Gxo min qin sWiq srIr ] ibnu jl GVI n
jIveI pRBu jwxY AB pIr ] 2 ] ry mn AYsI hir isau pRIiq kir jYsI cwiqRk myh ] sr Bir Ql
hrIAwvly iek bUMd n pveI kyh ] krim imlY so pweIAY ikrqu pieAw isir dyh ] 3 ] ry mn
AYsI hir isau pRIiq kir jYsI jl duD hoie ] Awvtxu Awpy KvY duD kau Kpix n dyie ] Awpy
myil ivCuMinAw sic vifAweI dyie ] 4 ] ry mn AYsI hir isau pRIiq kir jYsI ckvI sUr ] iKnu
plu nId n soveI jwxY dUir hjUir ] mnmuiK soJI nw pvY gurmuiK sdw hjUir ] 5 ] (59-60)
feogkB s/ ecBh
67

;zs ih s[jkv/ rb ftu e|Bh s/ feogkB j?, ecBh Bkb feogkB s/ eSfjok BjhA
;'Gd/. ;kX{ b'e d[BhnK tb'A wo e/ ecBh gKT[d/ jB s/ feogkB Gh jo t/b/ w"s ekb dk fuzB
rodB T[s/ ofjzdk j?. ecBh fJ; rZb dk ;p{s j? gfjBD tkb/ B/ ;G d[fBnkth tkPBktK B{z
wko fbnk j?. feogkB ;{ophosk dk fuzBQ j?. gfjBD tkb/ ni/ Gh w[odk BjhA ;{opho j?.
r?os jhDk BjhA, tkPBktK B{z wko e/ ecBh gkJh go wod g[Bk feogkB B/ ekfJw oZfynk
j?. eSfjok th ish j'D dk fuzB j?. fpGuko s'A o'edk j?, e'Jh Bk ;wM/ iK BK wzB/ fuzBQK dk
e;{o BjhA j?.
Jh;kJh ws s/ r[ows dk gq/w coe eh <
Jh;kJhnK dk love gq/w d/ Gkt Bkb'A r[owfs dk gq/w pj[s T[Zuk j?. d{finK B{z nkg'
ftu Pkwb eo b?DK gq/w j?. go f;Zyh gq/w ;/tk j?. nkg/ B{z tkoBK, w?A dk Bk; eoBK.
hau hau mY mY ivchu KovY ] dUjw mytY eyko hovY ](943)
(isD gosit)
gqwkD L^ fJe oki/ dhnK d' okDhnK ;B, tZvh d/ xo d' g[Zso s/ fJe bVeh g?dk j'Jh,
S'Nh B/ u[etk e/ dfonk ftu ;[Nk fdZsk s/ oki/ B{z fejk fe fJe pb{zrVk, d{ik es{ok s/ shih
ueu{zdo izwh ;h. tZvh B{z e?d ehsk frnk. fJ;/ soQK Bftosh tZvh okDh j?. t?okr s/ fpp/e
d' g[Zso jB. fJe bVeh pqjw ftfdnk T[; B{z iBwh, gqftosh B/ wB oki/ B{z pb{rVk okr B{z
es{ok dt?y B{z ueu{zdo fsqPBk efj e/ Gowk fdZsk, Bftosh B{z fes/ r[zw jh eo fdZsk.
Ppd iK pkDh gVfdnK fe;/ s/ u'N BjhA eoBh ukjhdh.
fe;/ tes okrh B/ gkyzv d/ yzvB ftu Ppd gfVQnk, fJe eq'Xh pzd/ B/
;wfMnk w/o/ T[go u'N ehsh j?. fJ;B/ T[; B{z XZe/ wko/, wjKg[oP BokI j' rJ/ fe pkDh
gVQd/ B{z feT[A wkfonk. fJ; B/ fejk w?B{z bk e/ Ppd gfVQnk. wjKg[oPK B/ fejk n?;h Pzek
BjhA eoBh ukjhdh, pkDh sK ;G B{z ;KMk T[gd/P d/Adh j? ns/ T[; s'A w[nkch wzrtkJh.
imlby kI mihmw brin n swkau nwnk prY prIlw ]2] (498)
uko/ poBK bJh ;{se fjzd{ wZs nB[;ko L
;{do 17t/A s/ nkgDhnK o;wK eod/ jB. t?; gzdot/A s/, yZsoh s/ot/A s/,
pqkjwD :kot/A, d;w gksPkj ih B/ ykb;/ B{z d;tK fdB dh w[y oZfynk j?. wo/ gqkDh dk
d[;?fjok wBkt?.
Ppd, ;[os nBkjd Ppd
68

nBjd tkfinK T[s/ gq;go pV/ gq/w Bkb eJh fdB ftuko j[zdh ojh, ;zsK fejk fJe
nkjs Ppd j[zdk j? i' ;E{b uhiK dh EoEokjN s'A T[gidk j?. fJj ezBK B{z ;[DkJh fdzdk j?.
fJj EokjN gT[D s/ ;[nk;K eoe/ ;kv/ ;oho d/ nzdo Gh ikoh ofjzdh j?. fJ; ntkI B{z
nkdwh pkjobh gqftosh ftu BjhA ;[D ;edk. frnkB fJzdohnK B{z o'e e/ fJekrosk ehsh
ikt/ s/ fJj d/jh dh EoEokjN dh nktkI nkdwh ;[Ddk j? s/ fJj eJh gqeko dhnK ;[oK
tKro j[zdh j?. ;oho dhnK p/nzs BkVhnK jB s/ ;oho dk g'bkV dk e'Jh th fj;kp BjhA.
fJj ;kok g'bkV g"D s'A ykbh BjhA, fJ; eoe/ id nkdwh fJekro wB j' e/ nzso fXnkB
j[zdk j? sK p?o{Bh ;[oK Bkb'A j'o Gh eJh gqeko dhnK tXhe s/ BthnK ;[oK ;[DhnK iKdhnK
jB. fJekrosk ftu sK T[AM jh nBzd j? fco i/ nBzs ;[oK Bkb j'D sK g[SDk jh eh j?.
gqzs{ f;Zy dk fJj nkdoP BjhA fJj ;G e[M ezB dk ftPk j?. eJh b'e fJ; B{z nBjs Ppd
efjzd/ jB. fJj nBzd Ppd sK Gkt/A j't/ nBjs iK nBkjd BjhA j?, feT[A i' fJj ;G e[M
jZd tkbk j? s/ nkjs j?. ;oho id BkP j' ikt/ sK fJj d/jh d/ tki/ i' e'Jh nkdwh nZy
ezB pzd eoe/ ;[Dd/ jB, ;G BkP j' iKd/ jB. T[BQK dh jZd nk iKdh j?, gqzs{ nBjd iK
nBkjs fe;/ P?n d/ nk;o/ BjhA tZid/, BK jh T[BQK dh e'Jh ;hwK iK nzs j?. fJj nkdwh dh
u?szB ;Zsk d/ nXko T[s/ j[zd/ jB. i' ;op fpnkgh u?szB ;Zsk d/ Bkb fJe ;[o j'D dk Bkw
j?. r[opkDh d/ ikg s/ Bkw nfGnk; Bkb r[o{ dh wjkB feogk j't/ sK T[; nt;Ek s/ gj[zu
;ehdk j?.
slok mÚ 2 ] AKI bwJhu vyKxw ivxu kMnw sunxw ] pYrw bwJhu clxw ivxu hQw krxw ] jIBY
bwJhu bolxw ieau jIvq mrxw ] nwnk hukmu pCwix kY qau KsmY imlxw ] 1 ]
gqG{ fwbkg
mÚ 2 ]idsY suxIAY jwxIAY swau n pwieAw jwie]ruhlw tuMfw AMDulw ikau gil lgY Dwie ] BY ky
crx kr Bwv ky loiex suriq kryie]nwnk khY isAwxIey iev kMq imlwvw hoie]2]
jIA jugiq vis pRBU kY jo khY su krnw ] (818-3) ]
p?e[zm eh j?
sUhI mhlw 5 ] bYkuMT ngru jhw sMq vwsw ] pRB crx kml ird mwih invwsw]1]
(pMnw 742)
r[of;yh dh fdqVsk
gzi eeko oZy', uko e[o?fjsk s'A pu', fBZsB/w ftu gqgZe oj' Xow dh
ewkJh eoe/ d;tK fjZ;k r[o{ do s/ G/N eo', Bkw ig', rohp B{z d[Zy B fdT[. d[PNK s'A vo'
BK, PPsoXkoh j't', r[o{ wzso ewk e/ PKs o; dk nBzd bt', P;so geV e/ rohpK dh
oZfynk eoe/ pho o; dh w"i wkD', ;Zu T[s/ vN/ oj', fJj r[o{ d/ j[ew jB. ;koh T[wo w?A
nkg ih gk; d[jokT[Adk fojk jK. jo ;kb nk e/ w[V w[V fJj' rZbK efjzdk fojK jK. r[o{
69

ih dk j[ew j? fe j[D w[V ;kv/ j[ew dh u/sktBh Bk eokthA. j[D fJj nkg j[ew gkbD s/
d{fink fYZb/ phoK B{z j[ewK dh fusktBh eoB tkb/ pDB.
tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj]
1H t?okr s/ T[gd/P 2H Xow go 3H frnkB s/ 4H ihtB w[es d/ bZSD 5H frnkB s/
nfrnkB fe; B{z j[zdk j? 6H Grsh T[s/ 7H gq/w T[s/ T[gd/P.
d[y ;[y d/j dk Xow j?.
GkJh Grs{ ih dh eEk j? fe T[BQK B{z nsh;koK Bkb phwko j'D dk ekoB e'Jh wzd
tkPBk tkbk d[X iK G'iB dZf;nk ;h. d[y fJe fJwfsjkB j?, gk; j'D bJh nodk; j?.
f;XKs s/ fdqVsk puB
wjKg[oPK B/ ;zrs B{z fejk, pkjo eos/ dh e[dos dk ozr t/yDK wzrdk jK. fjzws
eo' s/ w/oh wzih y/s d/ pzB/ T[s/ b? ub', gq/whnK B/ ;zsK dk gbzx pkjo Bkb jh y/s ftu
;Ve d/ ezY/ s/ oZy fdZsk. ;o'A c[Zbh j'Jh t/y e/ ft;wkd ftu nk rJ/. fujok T[sPkj Bkb
Go frnk fit/A fes/ pZu/ B{z fuo dk fe;/ P?n b?D dk yfjV/ fgnk j't/ s/ T[; d/ fwbD ftu
ftb{z ftb{z eodk j't/. uhI d/ MNgN fwb ikD T[s/ o'D dh EK fyV fyVk e/ jZ; gt/ s/
c[fbnk B ;wkJ/. T[;/ soK ;zs ih nZi ;o'A B{z c[Zfbnk t/y e/ pV/ gq;zB j'J/, f;zxK B/ c[Zb
s'V e/ fbnk e/ ;zsK d/ ;kjwD/ oZy/, ;zsK B/ ;[zx/ jZ; gJ/ efjD bZr/ p; ;kvk s/ e[dos dk
fJj' jh fJeoko ;h, fJBQK w/o/ ;kEhnK B/ p;zsh gZr pzB bJh j?, w?B{z pzBD bJh efj oj/
jB.
(;kX dh nzsw nt;Ek)
> siqgur pRswid ] rwgu bsMqu ihMfol mhlw 9 ] swDo iehu qnu imiQAw jwnau ] Xw
BIqir jo rwmu bsqu hY swco qwih pCwno ] 1 ] rhwau ] iehu jgu hY sMpiq supny kI dyiK khw
AYfwno ] sMig iqhwrY kCU n cwlY qwih khw lptwno ] 1 ] ausqiq inMdw doaU prhir hir kIriq
auir Awno] jn nwnk sB hI mY pUrn eyk purK Bgvwno ] 2 ] 1 ](1186)
gq/whnK B{z T[gd/P
j[D s[;hA gq/whT[ t?okr Bk eo'. w/o/ bJh fJj fdB y[Ph d/ jB. sZe' Bk e[dos tZb
fe; soK gq;zB j' ojh j?, s[;hA gq;zB j't' sK w?A ikDKrk fe fJBQK dk w/o/ Bkb gq/w j? fJj
;koh ;zrs B/ i?ekok p[bkfJnk.
70

nB[e{b j?.
;j;feqsh s/ i?s;oh eh tko dh eEk d;?fjo/ d/ fwqse gqkDh dk G'r gkT[Dk r[ows
pqjw frnkBh
d'jok ]jfo jfoiB d[Jh J/e j? fpp fpuko eS[ Bkfj]
ib s/ T[gi sozr fiT[ ib jh fpy? ;wkfj]2]
;zs wfjwk
iblwvlu mhlw 5 ] crn Bey sMq boihQw qry swgru jyq ] mwrg pwey auidAwn mih guir dsy
Byq ] 1 ] hir hir hir hir hir hry hir hir hir hyq ] aUTq bYTq sovqy hir hir hir cyq
] 1 ] rhwau ] pMc cor AwgY Bgy jb swDsMgyq ] pUMjI swbqu Gxo lwBu igRih soBw syq ] 2 ]
inhcl Awsxu imtI icMq nwhI folyq ] Brmu Bulwvw imit gieAw pRB pyKq nyq ] 3 ] gux gBIr
gun nwiekw gux khIAih kyq ] nwnk pwieAw swDsMig hir hir AMmRyq ] 4 ] 9 ] 39 ]
(811)
;kX{ dk fBs eow
2 ti/ fJPBkB eoe/ nk;D s/ p?m eo gzi ti/ she f;woB eoBK. ftfdnkoEhnK
B{z th fszB ti/ fJPBkB eoe/ fsnko po fsnko j' e/ fBsB/w eoBk ukjhdk j?, 4^6 nk;k
ih dh tko dk ehosB 6^8 r[opkDh dh eEk. ukb/ gkT[D bZfrnK, d{;o/ gVkn s/ ikD
bZfrnk, ib Se e/ ukb/ gk d/t/, izrb fJeKs ofjDK. gzi pkDh, gzi rqzEh s/ ;j;feqsh
;b'e, 12 ti/ bzro dh ;wkgsh, 1 ti/ she nokw, 2 ti/ she jkis fefonk, fJPBkB
nkfd s'A ckor j' e/ 4 ti/ she ;wkXh dk nBzd wkDBK, 4 ti/ dhtkB ftu nkT[DK, eEk
ehosB eoBK, c/o ofjok; d/ G'r s'A ;wkgsh gqPkd Se e/ fJe xzNk ;?o eoBh. nZm s'A
B"A, f;zxK Bkb puB eoB/ ;zf;nK dh Bftosh eoBh. ftfdnkoEh gzi eekoK dh ofjs s/
gzi pkDhnK io{o gVQB. fJ; s'A fJj th io{oh ;h, gzi rqzEh iK 33 wkbk w{b wzso dhnK
jo o'i G'iB gkD s'A gfjbK fJj fBsB/w j' ikt/. gzi ;[ywBh iK 25 ig[ ih ;kfjp d/ gkm
iK 25000 r[o wzso dk gkm i/ d[g?fjo se fBsB/w Bk j' ;e/ sK ;'D s'A gfjbK g{ok eo/. i'
fBsB/w eoB s'A ezBh esokt/ T[; B{z ftfdnk eo fdZsk iKdk ;h.
ofjD ;fjD
f;Xh ;kdh y[oke s/ g[Pke, E'Vk ykDk, E'Vk ;"DK GiBhe B{z oithA o'Nh BjhA ykDh
ukjhdh. G[y oZy e/ ykDK ukjhdk j?. ;kdrh dk ihtB jh nzfwqs wJh j?. uNgNh y[oke s/
uwehbh g[Pke wB B{z ftrkVdh j?. ;dk yZvh dk eZfsnk p;sq gfjBDK, ;kck ecBh feqgkB
71

jZE sho, eSfjok, ;odh ftu ezpbh, rowhnK ;odhnK yZdo d/ p;so s/ ukdo, ukdo
dh jh frbsh oZyd/ eod/ ;B.
;[Gkn
g?db s[oBK, s[oB s'A nkb; Bk eoBk.gzi d; whb s[oBK, fB:w jh ikDBK. y/sK
ftu izrb G{wh s/ ;"DK gftZso ikBDK, Bdh ;o'to dfonk d/ feBko/ B{z fgnkok ikBDK.
pj[sk ;wK BdhnK feBko/ fBtk; oZyDK. eEk b?euo ;zrs d/ nB[e{b p'bDK, g/Av{ b'eK B{z
;ob s/ f;Xk frnkB d/DK. ftdtkBK dh ;Gk ftu r{V f;XKs fdqVkfJnk eod/ ;B. o;hbk
p'b j'DK, fwmk p'b j'DK, fJj wjkswk dk nfGnk; j[zdk j?, puBK ftu u[zpeh Pesh j[zdh
j?.
pj[shnK g[;seK Bkb ;o'fsnK s/ fJsBK n;o BjhA g?Adk fizBK d' fdB d/ nfGnk;
Bkb g?Adk j?. Pq/PN pesk ;q'fsnK d/ wBK B{z nkgDh w[Zmh ftu ekp{ eo b?Adk j?. fi; gk;/
ukj/ fJBQK B{z i'V ;edk j?. i' th t;s{ t/yh T[; s/ fdqPNKs d/ d/DK i' p'bdk d/fynk T[j'
gqwkD d/DK. dZsksq/ tKr{ jo t;s{ s'A r[D rqfjD eo b?DK, f;Zfynk eZYe/ ;zrsK ;kjwD/
;gZPN eo d/Dh.
;[Xko ftosh
ftnkjK ftu izM xN fbikDK, rfjD/ BK gkT[D/, tkX{ o;wK T[vk d/DhnK. pZus
eoBh, nkwdB s'A you xN eoBk, dki BK d/DK, BP/, w[edfwnK B{z gkg ;wMDK. fwb e/
ofjDk, g/Av{ b'e Pokp s/ nBgVQsk Jhoyk XV/pkih s'A T[iV oj/ jB. nftfdnk eoe/ jkB
bkG ;'ud/ BjhA, g?;/ d/ e/ ftnkj BjhA eokT[DK fJj G[y B{z ;Zdk d/Dk j?. gzukfJsK dk coI
th ;[Xko tZb j'DK ukjhdk j? ns/ nc;oK s/ okiBhseK Bz{ th ybes dh r"o eoBh ukjhdh
j?.
Xow gquko
yk; gqukoe ftfdtkB ns/ nwbh ihtB tkb/ g?dk eoB/, r[ows ns/ nBwsK d/ rqzEK
dh tkech j'Dh io{oh j?. fpqX xo pBkT[D/ ukjhd/ jB, ;e{b ekbi, j;gskb fJBQK ftu th
Xow dh f;Zfynk b'VhAdh j?. gzi fgnko/ th nkdoPe ihtB tkb/, nzfwqs gquko eoB, jo
fgzv ftu B/e rqzEh j't/ ns/ wjhB/ ftu gzE B{z iE/pzd eoB bJh dhtkB bkT[D/ th io{oh jB.
gzE s/ rqzE dh ;/tk bJh jo t/b/ ssgo ofjDK ukjhdk j?.
nZi ;kXK s/ rqfj;shnK ftu pqjw frnkB dh xkN feT[A j? <
1H frqj;sh nkuoD ftu fro rJ/ jB. Bkw nfGnk; gowkoEe s/ fttjkoe jo soK
dh soZeh bJh n;hA nkgD/ nkg ftu pb g?dk BjhA eod/. wkBf;e pb, nkswe pb,
;ohoe pb dk phi (pqjwukoi) Xks{ oZfynk j?. nZieb frqj;sh n"bkd dh ykso
72

fJ;soh dk ;zr BjhA eod/ ;r'A ftP/ tkPBk ftu eod/ jB. n"bkd ykso wod fJ;soh d/
;zr dk Bw{Bk ;kB{z gP{nK rktK wZMK s'A f;ZyDK ukjhdk j?. ;kv/ ftu e[M ftP/Psk j?, oZp B/
;kB{z neb fdZsh j?. fJ; neb d/ nk;o/ n;hA e/tb T[sBK jh ;zr eohJ/ fisBh n"bkd dh
oZp e'b'A ;kB{z b'V j?. fJj b'V jkbks B{z w[y oZye/ eoBh ukjhdh j?. fJ; soK uZbD Bkb
frqj;shnK ftu froktN BjhA nk ;edh.
2H nZi eb ;kv/ ftu ;zs Gh BjhA jB. n?At/ Bkw Bkw g[eko oj/ jB. nwbh ihtB T[v
frnk j?. fit/A e'Jh nkdwh ej/ w? i[rokchJ/ s'A gVQ fbnk j? fe nzfwqs;o fe; soQK dk
Pfjo j?, BeP/ T[s/ t/y fbnk j? fe feE/ j?< pj[s n?;/ ;kX{ jB f;oc nebh ;zs jB. fJj
n;b ftu pX ifrnk;{ jB fijV/ w{zj'A efjDK iK ;wM b?DK ekch ;wMd/ jB.
nzB ib dh fefonk
n;[ uoBno whBrqkj fwbBk d/t/ whs ]
Xow f;zx s[M fwbB e' ukjs j? wB uhs ]
(x'Vk) (dkDK xk;) ( wZSh rqfj gkDh, dkDK gkDh)
pZu/ d/ iBw ;w/A r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm feT[A ehsk iKdk j? <
pZuk id iBwdk j? sk fBozekoh i'fs dk T[; ftu gqekP j[zdk j?. fJ; s'A fpBK d' j'o
uhiK b? e/ iBwdk j?, fJe ;oho, d{ik wB. fJj fszB/ uhiK tyohnK Gk;dhnK jB. gqzs{
T[j i'fs fJBK ftu th gqekPwkB j?.
hir mih qnu hY qn mih hir hY srb inrMqir soie ry ](870) (Grs epho ih)
fJj' fszB/ wzvb^ ;oho dk, wB dk s/ nkswk dk. fJ; ;z;ko ftu ;kv/ ;oho Bkb'A
pj[s tZvh ;e/b s/ jB, wjKtke j? L
jo bRhmMfy soeI ipMfy jo KojY so pwvY ] (695)
gqzs{ fJj sq? wzvb fGzB^fGzB wzvb BjhA jB. fGzB^fGzB j'D sK T[j i'fs dk fBtk; jo
ftu nv' nZvh fet/A j't/, T[j sK nyzv j?,nGzr j?. n;b ftu fJj sq? Bkw ;oho (;E{b),
wB s/ nkswk sq? r[DK d/ gqXkB j'D eoe/ gJ/ jB. poc dk Y/o j't/ T[; B{z ;G fBZro
(Solid) jh efjDr/ gqzs{ T[j fBZro ;/ MN gkDh pD iKdh j? s/ tfjD tkbh (Liquid) pD iKdh
j?. Uj' gkDh nfdqPN jtk r?; Gkt dk o{g Xko b?Adk j?. go c/o Gh ;kv/ gk; fszBK d/ Bkw
nZv^nZv jB, fszBK d/ r[D tZyo/ tZyo/ jB. fJe B{z n;hA poc fBZro P?n efjzd/ jK, fJ;
B{z gkDh B{z fGzB efjzd/ jK fJ; B{z gkDh Bkb'A fGzB efjzd/ jK, gkDh B{z r?; Bkb'A fGzB efjzd/ jK
P? fJe' j?. id T[; ftu fBZrosk gqXkB j[zdh j? sK T[; dk BK j'o j?, id e'Jh j'o r[D
73

gqXkB j' iKdk j? sK T[; dk Bkw MN pdb iKdk j?. ;' fJ;/ soQK n;K ;oho, wB s/ nkswk
Bkw gkJ/ jB L
bin iqin prbiq hY pwrbRhmu ](294)
T[j i's jo EK g;oh j'Jh j?, fe;/ EK e'Jh r[D gqXkB j'D eoe/ e'Jh Bkw g? frnk.
fe;/ EK e'Jh j'o r[D gqXkB j'D eoe/ e'Jh j'o Bkw.
;qh r[od/t ih c[owKT[d/ jB L
mn qUM joiq srUpu hY Awpxw mUlu pCwxu ] (441)
;' ;oho dh nyhobh jd nkswk ftu ik obdh j? s/ nkswk dh nyhobh jd gqwkswk ftu
ik fwbdh j?.
qn mih mnUAw mn mih swcw ] so swcw imil swcy rwcw ] (686)
;kv/ ;[Gkn dh spdhbh s/ jT[w? d/ ik+/ s'A X[zd d/ Bkw j'D eoe/ ftu'A T[j ;{oi ts
i's g{o/ s/i Bkb gqekPh ikgdh j?. fJe j'o T[dkjoD bJhJ/ ^
fJe fJzu u"Vh s/ e'Jh fJe c[ZN bzwh fJe bkJhB fyZuhJ/. fJ;dk fJe f;ok fpbe[b
T[ib s/ d{ik f;ok fpbe[b nZXk ekbk. ekfbT[A f;foUA fuZN/ f;o/ tZb B{z j"bh j"bh ekby
xNKd/ ikT[ sK t/y'r/ fe ftueko fij/ nk e/ ykeh nEtk G{ok ozr ofj ikt/rk. T[E'A c/o
fiT[A fiT[A fuZN/ tZb B{z iktKr/ ekby dh Gk fwNdh ikt/rh. fpbe[b T[v ikt/rh, J/E'A se
fe T[j fpbe[b T[ib fuZNk f;ok nk gj[zu/rk. ;' fJ; soK fJe bkJhB j?. gqwkswk dh
ikrdh i's s'A ;[Zs/ j'J/ nzX/ iV wkd/ sZe iK ej' ;E{b ;oho sZe fJ;/ ;oho s'A nkozG j' e/
;oho g[DK xNdk xNdk wB ftu s/ wB g[DK pohe j[zdk j[zdk nkswk gqwkswk ftu ik
gj[zudk j?. ;' r[opkDh d/ gkm ftuko dk Gkt fJ; nzX g[D/ B{z d{o eoe/ ;oho ftu'A dh bzx
e/ Ppd ;[os d/ nk;o/ gqwkswk ftu ;wkT[DK j[zdk j?. n;hA rb eo oj/ ;K wB dh , J/j
n;hA t/y jh fbnk j? fe fszB wzvbK ftu jh (;oho, wB s/ nkswk) T[j' i's sK j? jh fes/
gqrN, fes/ b[ethA. T[; s'A fpBK wB dh pDso d' j'o rZbK T[s/ fBoGo j?.iBw ;w/A pZuk
e[M ;[Gkfte gqftoshnK fgSb/ ;z;ekoK eoe/ b? e/ iBwdk j?.fJj ;[Gkfte goftoshnK
;kv/ wB d/ phi jB, ;kv/ wB dk wzdo fJBK BhjK T[s/ T[;odk j?. ;kv/ wB ftu sK fJe
T[j fjZ;k j? i' gqftoshnK dh eb n;hA b? e/ izwd/ jK. d{;ok T[j fj;k j? i' fJzBK d/ nk;o/
T[;koh Bkb wB dk wzdo yVk j?. fJj T[;koh ;kvh gkbDK, ftZfdnk, ;zrhs nkfd ftu
nuBu/s j[zdh ofjzdh j?. ;kv/ ihtB dk gq:'iB fJBQK gP{ gqftoshnK B{z ;[Xko e/ fJ;/ soQK
sophns d/Dh j? fe n;hA nkgDk w{b n;b i's B{z nBGt eohJ/.
;' r[o{ f;ZyK d/ xo pZu/ B{z id fe T[j ;z;ko ftu g?o oZydk jh j?, sK T[; B{z
fBozekoh ;e{b dk ftfdnkoEh pDkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; d/ ftu PZe BjhA fe pZu/ B{z T[; t/b/
fJsBk frnkB BjhA j[zdk, T[; dh frnkB nt;Ek dk ni/ phi dh Peb ftu w[ZY jh pZfMnk
74

j[zdk j? n;hA wzBd/ jK fe pZu/ d/ ;oho T[s/ rzd/ tk:{ wzvb ;oho dk iK jB/o x[Zg dk
nBG'b jh fJj n;o j[zdk j? fe T[; dk ;oho ghbk ns/ ewI'o g? iKdk j?. fJ;/ soK P[X
g"D gkDh dk n;o uzrk j[zdk j? fJj gqsZy j? fJj' jkbs ;kv/ wkBf;e wzvb dh j? xo d/
;ko/ wzvb B{z gftZsq pkDh d/ gkm Bkb sophns gkt/. xo d/ ;ko/ ihnK d/ wB ;[X s/
gftZso j'FD Bkb pZu/ d/ wB dh T[;koh nkgD/ nkg jh nBG'b P[X s/ gftso j[zdh ikt/rh.
wksk fi; dh r'd ftu T[j pj[sk oj/rk, i/eo gftZso wB oZy/rh sK ;[Gkfte wB ftu
gftsosk d/ phi g?Ad/ ikDr/ iK T[j fgSb/ phiK s'A T[rh nzr{oh B{z T[j gftsosk dh fgT[Ad/
uVdh oj/rh. fJ;/ soK Goksk G?D GkJh rZb eh fisB/ xo d/ ihn j'Dr/ s/ fisfBnK Bkb
pZu/ dk tkj gJ/rk T[j gfjb/ ukbh fdBK ftu ;zM ;t/o/ d/ ehosB Bkb nekbh pkDh d/
o'IkBK gkm Bkb gftso j' ikfJnk eoBr/. fJBQK gftso j'J/ wBK dh S{j Bkb J/; gftso
wzvb ftu BtK nkfJnk wB Gh gftso j't/rk ;' r[of;yK d/ xoK ftu f;yh nkdoPe ihtB
gqkgs eoB bJh izwD s' jh :sB s/ (Training) P[o{ j' iKdh j?. j[D n;hA t/yKr/ fe fJj
sophns fe; soQK fJ; pZu/ B{z g{oB ;zs pDKdh j?.
slok mÚ 5 ] ijnw swis igrwis n ivsrY hir nwmW min mMqu ]
DMnu is syeI nwnkw pUrnu soeI sMqu ] 1 ] (319)
wjkoki ih dh w'jo d/ noE
> ;qh tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj
B[;os p/^dozr :kcsI^(nkwdBh)
BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;qh nekb g[oy ih ;jkfJ]
noE
fJe i' nd[sh: Unzeko^ gqekP o{g Bkw wksq s'A b'e gqb'e ftu oZfynk eoB tkbk,
tkfj n;uoi o{g, r[ nzX/o/ s'A gqekP eoB tkbk, o{^gqekP eoB tkbk T[; dh ;dk csfj
fiZs j?. t'j e?;k j? < B[;os^e[we, ;jkfJsk(noph) p/^dozr(cko;h) fpBK fYZb, c"oB,
s[ozs, :kcsI^gkfJnk gqkgs ehsk, bZfGnk. dozr^fuo fYb d/oh, i' fpBK d/oh s'A
;jkfJsk eodk j?. n?;k tkfjr[o{ n;K B/ gqkgs ehsk j?, bZfGnk j?. r[o{ BkBe, r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih ;qh^;fseko :'r nekb g[oy(tkfjr[o{ ih) ;dk ;jkfJe jB.
f;ek Id do ijK pcIb/ nekb.w[be nfjwd rfocs iZ;k dbkb.
jzekoh oki/ B{z T[gd/P
(G[Zyk e[Zsk)
wjkswk p[ZX tb'A oki/ B{z T[gd/P dh ;kyh
75

fJe p/ ofjw s/ ikpo oki/ B/ wjkswk p[ZX ih, gk; p/Bsh ehsh fe GrtkB T[; B{z
nfijh f;Zfynk d/D fi; Bkb T[; dk wB'oziB th j't/ s/ fijVh bkGekoh th j't/, GrtkB
p[ZX B/ T[; B{z fJj eEk ;[DkJhL
fJZe I[bwh okik oki eodk ;h, fJzdq d/tsk fPekoh dk G/; Xko e/ Xosh s/
T[sfonk. T[; d/ Bkb wskbh BK dk okyPP tZv/ ;ko/ fPekoh e[Zs/ dk o{g Xko e/ nkfJnk .
fJ; e[Zs/ B/ oki/ d/ wfjbK ftu dkyb j' e/ fGnkBe ntkI ftu o'DK P[o{ eo fdZsk. fJ;
dh j"bBke ntkI Bkb Pkjh wfjb dhnK ezXK ezpD brhnK. I[bwh oki/ B/ fPekoh ns/ e[Zs/
B{z nkgD/ dopko ftu p[btkfJnks/ e[Zs/ d/ o'D dk ekoD g[fSnk, fPekoh B/ fejk „e[Zsk
G[Zyk J/*
oki/ B/ e[Zs/ bJh G'iB wzrtkfJnk go ;kok G'iB yk e/ th e[Zsk o'D' Bk jfNnk. oki/
B/ j'o tX/o/ G'iB wzrtkfJnk. nzs oki/ d/ ;ko/ Gzvko/ ykbh j' rJ/ go e[Zs/ d/ o'D s/ e'Jh
n;o Bk fgnk.
“eh fJj d[yh e[Zsk fe;/ P? Bkb BjhA oZi ;edk

ir fjzd Xow ejk ofjs' no sr fsbe B d/yB gks/]
shoE d/t ;EkB g[okB ;Gh fBrwkrw th T[m iks/]
o'ik pKr fBtki es/p w;hs :kjh ;G jh ir Sks/]
r[o s/r pjkdo fjzdB ukdo, ekdo i" B Xo gqrNks/](gzE gqekP)
nfeosxDk (fvT{v)
;kes pdhnK eoB B{z jodw ofjzd/ fsnko] dhB rtkfJ e/ nkgDk iKd/ n"MV Xko]
iKd/ n"MV Xko B wB ftu Xow t;kt/ ] r[o gho dk efjnk B fdb s/ edh fbnkt/A]
ej/ Grs eft dk; si' fJB ;zrs wkVh]r[ow[y pD e/ nkg j't? Gt ;kro gkoh]
p[fonk Bkb GfbnkJh r[o{ ih B/ ehsh j?.
Gfbnk Bkb GfbnkJh eoBh J/j ;G e'Jh ikD?]
p[fonK Bkb th Gbk jh eoBk J/j r[o BkBe ikD?]
fsqPBk
osB iVs wzdo si/ ;yhnB e/ ;kE ] o/ wB X'y/ bkb Go/ ghe ;/ jkE ]
T[dw
fpB T[dw ej[ e"D e' fwb/ s/b fsb wKfj] fpBK fjbkJ/ eo e' e?;/ rqk; g/N wfj ikfJ]
dkB^;'omk.
1Hi:'A fJe pkgh s'fJ Jhy ;zr[ fwfb wX[o nfs]eN[sk fBzw ;w'fJ G'iB gksq e[gksq s:'A]
G[izr gq:ks Szd ]
1H cbhG{s dkBz ;[Gz gksq d:'. 2H iEk phi p':' ;[y/sq? ny?:'.
3H e[gksq? wMkoh d:' dkB n?;/. 4H e[y/sq? wMkoh p':' phi i?;/ ]4] (;koe[sktbh)
&
;/t eoh fJBjh eh Gkts, n"o eh ;/tk ;[jks B ihe']
77

dkB dh:' fJj jh eh Gb' no nkB e' dkB B bkrs Bhe']
nkr? cb j? fJB jh eh dh:', ir w?A i; n"o d:' ;G che']
w' frqfj w? wB s/ sB s/ f;o b" XB j" ;G jh fJB jh e']
&
i' e'Jh f;zx g[ikoh nj?, ;' Gh g{ik pj[s B rj?]
sB fBopkj wksq ;' b/t?, nfXe j'fJ sK ifjz sfjz d/t?]
&
XB e/ Gkrh uko j? Xow u'o fBqg nkr]
e'g? sK g? Gqks s?q eo? i[ i/;N? fsnkr]
;wK ekb (d'jok)
ekb eo/ ;[ nki eo ;ph ;ki j? ;kE.
ekb ekb fenk eos j' ekb ekb e/ jkE](fwvb e'o; fj;k 3)
&
tv/ tv/ fJ; irs g[o p?m/ g?o g;ko.
UVe ;ko/ ekb B/ bJ/ gbe ftu wko.(w?Nqhe[b/ePB e'L)
&
;wK gSkBBjko e' fwb/ Bk ekb ;dht.
sK s/ ;wK B u{ehJ/ okiBhs eh ;ht] (gzuszsq)
(d'jok) o;Bk
;kfJe t/Xk fwbs j? yVr t/X fwb ikfJ.
pkDh t/Xk B fwb/ ;ku ej'A ;wMkfJ]
ykb;k
tkfjr[o{ ih ek ;[s G:' ykb;k ;[ Bhek nfs,
tkfjr[o{ ih eh fwb cs/ ;' p[bkJh j?.
gho gkfsPkj eokwksh i/ ngo gzE,
78

fjzd{ n" s[oe j{z eh ekD e' fwNkJh j?.
sh;ok wIjp ir d/y e/ nip wjK,
p?oh e/ rIp, gfoU ShB/ meokJh j?.
Xow ;Ekgp/ e' gkgB e/ ykgp/ e',
r[o{ ikgp/ e' BJh ohs :'A ubkJh j?.
gzi eZfenK s'A f;Zfynk
e/; Ppd ek; Xks{ s'A pfDnk j? fi; d/ noE jB B{o, gqekP.
1H
e/;
e/; Ppd ;z;feqs e/O; s'A pfDnk j?. e/ d/ noE jBL f;o, ; d/ noE jBL ;[GkfJwkB. i'
f;o s/ ;[GkfJwkB jB T[j e/; jB. ;[zdosk ns/ oZph B{o dh gqkgsh d/ bykfJe jB.
2H
ezxk
ezxk e/;K dh ;ckJh eodk j?. thuko o{gh ezx/ Bkb wB dhnK I[bcK (;zebgK ftebgK)
o{gh d{o eoBhnK jB .
3H
eVk
eVk f;Zfynk fdzdk j?. fit/A w?A s/ok r[ZN efVnk j?. u'oh nkfd d'PK s'A fJ; soK wB B{z th
eV e/ oZyDk j?. fit/A izr t/b/ rkBK pzBhdk j?, eVk th Pjhdh dh gqkgsh dk rkBK j?. fit/A
ftnkj t/b/ bkV/ d/ ezrD gtk e/ efjzd/ jB BhAro dh ezrD oZfynk eo/. f;Zy B/ bkVh w"s
Bkb ftnkj eoBk j? eVk fBPkBh j? fJ; ftnkj dh. eVk p[o/ eow s'A Pow d/Adk j? fe
fJ; jZE ftu r[o{ ek ezrD j?. fJj th fJe soK dk oZfynk fuzB j?, wkB' sphs j?, fit/A
oZfynk bJh b'jk gk; oZfynk ikdk j?, eVk thDh dk oZfynk PPso th j?.
4H
eSfjok
eSfjok is ;s dh fBPkBh j?. wB B{z fteko'A poidk j? fe w? ishnK dk fuzB jK w/o/
gfjBD tkb/ bki fBGkthA .
5H
feqgkB
fJj Pesh o{g j? ns/ f;Zfynk d/Adh j? fe w?A eJhnK B{z w"s d/ xkN T[sko fdZsk j?. j/ gqkDh
XkoB tkb/, w"s B{z u/s/ oZy e/ G?V/ eowK s'A pu e/ ojhA, feqgkOB &i' izr ftu t?oh s/
feogk Bk eo/ ekb B{z ;dk :kd oZyD dh f;Zfynk d/Adh j?.
79

ykb;k dh ofjs
fjzd{ s[oeB s/ j? fBnkok, fcoek fJBek ngo ngkok.
p:kj fBekj B J/j eo? j?A] G[rs nBzd nBzd gV? j?]
ezmh izR{ fsbe B Xo j? ] p[s gq;sh ed/ B eo j? ]
J/e op eh eos pzdrh ] oys B n"oB eh w[jSzdrh]
t/d g[okB es/p e[okB ]gVs ;[Bs Bfj wkBs ekB]
r[o i' eEh ebkw, sk go oys fJwkB swkw]
ss ykb;k r[o ek ikjo, efjs u[ok;h s/ j{z pkjo]
w[;bwkB fjzd[B s/ B:koh, ohs fJB'A w? j? Gb;koh]
gq/s ghV rqfj ghV B wkBs, wVh w;kDh e' B gSkBs]
rzrkfde shoE Bfj ikt?, ;{se gkse Bfj wBkt?]
izR{ fsbe B Skgk Xo?, ;ok fjzd{nk eh Bfj go?]
ohs fjzd{nk tkoh i?sh, si okyh fJB fpX s/sh]
pB/ ofjs ;G ;e/ pokdo, fJe e' d{;o d/ts nkdo]
j? fJB w? fJscke wjkB, f;y f;y g/ tkos gqkB](gzE gqekP)
dt?y
go ;[y d/y g[oy i' ib/, ;u B fs;d/ e[M gb/.(fwvb e'o; fjZ;k)
&
go ;[y d/y g[oy i' ib/, go d[y bkG ;wM eo ub?.
;' ;[yhnk Bk edjh j'fJ, dt?y pbk ftu gJ/ B e'fJ]
d'jok L dt?y fpy d/ ykfXnk fpgs w"s bJ/ x/o.
80

fi; ftu n"r[D j'fJ fJj T[;B{z ftgdk Y/o] (fwvb e'o; fjZ;k gfjbk)
fpgo gq;zB yhokfd s/ w'o w'd xfB p?B.
;kX ;[yh go fjs fty/, ;fm go fpgsk u?B]
wzrbkuoD bZSD
rqzE ;wkgsh ekw' wzrb wkuo/sq.
rqzE dh fBoftxB ;wkgsh dh fJZSk tkbk wzrbkuoD ftu gqftos j[zdk j?. w{bwzso
w{b f;zuB B:kfJ ohsh dk wzrbkuoD w[Y B{z gkDh gkT[D Bkb fit/A ;kok fpqS f;zfink iKdk
j?. fst/A fJe nekb g[oy dh g{ik eoB Bkb ;ko/ d/th d/tfsnK dh wB"s j' iKdh j?.
wzrb
t;s{ dk ;_o{g eoe/ gqfsgkdB (T[ukoD) eoBk t;s{ fBod/P wzrb ejKT[dk j?.
Bw;eko wzrb
fi; d/ nkfd, wX: s/ nzs ftu Bw;eko tkue gds_ (gd g[Bk) j't/ fs; ek Bkw
Bw;ekokswe wzrb j?.
Bw;eko nkfdeK s'A fGzB i' gqw/Pto d/ BkwK dk nEtk gqw/Pto dh skes dk eEB
eoBk j? T[;B{z t;s{ fBod/P wzrbkuoD efjzd/ jB, byD fJj j?L^
Bw;ekokfd wzsok gqw/;_o ;zehosBz t;s{ fBod/PL
eNkj e[zvb Bhsh
eNkj e[zvb B:kfJ eoe/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk Bkw r[od/t T[ukfonk j?, fi;
soK eVkj/ d/ d't/A e[zv/ cVQ e/ u[ZeD Bkb ftukbk nkg/ jh u[Zfenk iKdk j?. fJ;/ soK r[o s/
d/t nkfd nzs d/ gd T[ukoB Bkb BkBe gd dk T[ukoD j' iKdk j?.
uoBkfwqs s/ yzv/ dk nzfwqs
g[okD/ ;kX{ r[o dhfynk d/D t/b/ nkgD/ u/b/ B{z uoD xkb fgbKd/ ;B, T[; B{z
uoBk^nzfwqs fejk iKdk ;h go r[o{ ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK s'A i' gziK pkDhnK dk ikg eoe/
81

yzv/ pkN/ okjhA fsnko ehsk, nzfwqs T[j SeD dh jdkfJs ehsh j?. fJ; B{z yzv/ pkN/ dk
nzfwqs fejk iKdk j?.
nzBt? L^
s[e B{z nr/ fgZS/ eoB dk Bkw nBt? j?. :Ek L
bj/ ewkDk J/s i[fr fgSbh i[rhA eoh ewkJh .(nzL ehosB 647)
nBt? j'fJnk L ^fgSbh i[rhA eoh ewkJh J/s i[fr ewkDk bj/.
rzrk dh T[bNh ohs
j'o ;kohnK Bdhnk gZSw B{z ik e/ nop ;kro ftu fwbdhnK jB s/ rzrk fJzBQK s'A
T[bN j' e/ g{op tZb pzrkbh ;w[zdo ftu ebeZs/ d/ gk; fwbdh j?.
eZib eh j? <
fJ;sqhnK dht/ dh bkN s'A ;[owu{ (;bkJh) B{z ekbk eoe/ nZyK ftu gKT[dhnK jB
T[; B{z eZib fejk iKdk j?. dht/ T[go eJh t/o uZgDh pzB fdZsh iKdh j?, T[go i' ekby
j't/ T[; dk nZyK ftu gkT[DK. :kd oj/ dht/ fxT[ dh bkN dh ekby jh B/soK B{z ;[ydkfJe
j?.
xzv/^j/V/ dk Ppd eh j?<
fPekoh iB uKdBh oks d/ ;w/A fJe xV/ ftu S/e gk e/ s/ T[; ftu dhtk pkb e/
T[go e?Aj/ dh Ekbh oZy e/ f;o s/ u[Ze b?Ad/ jB s/ g?oK B{z x[zxo{ pzBQ e/ BZud/ jB. g?oK Bkb'A
x[zxo{nK dh nktkI f;o fjZbD/ Bkb Ekbh dh nktkI d't/A fwb e/ pj[s ;[zdo X[B fBebdh j?
s/ T[; dk Bkw xzv/ j/V/ dk Ppd j?, fs; ;pd dh nktkI eoe/ fjoB nk e/ p?m iKdk j? s/
ngBh j'P G[Zb iKdk j?. se fPekoh iB fjoB B{z cV b?Ad/ jB.
uetk ueth
uetk ueth dfonk iK Bdh d/ feBko/ s/ ofjzd/ jB. id ;{oi n;s j[zdk j? sd d'jK ftu'A
fJe T[oko s/ fJe gko j' iKdk j?. fco id fdB uVQdk j? sK nkg; ftu fJeZm/ j' e/ p?md/
jB.
= kbIr ckeI jau inis bICurY Awie imlY prBwiq ] (1371)
;w/A dk ftuko
gzdo/ tko fBw/y fdqr sk e' ftPk gSkB ] ftP/ GJ/ d; gKu sk e' u;k pykB]
82

sh; u;/ ek j'ts gb, ;m xVh J/ew? Yb ]
xVh nkoX ;ks ip phs/, sk; ;w/ e/ gfjo nyhs/]
d' xVh, gzdoK fEsK, 7 tko, feqPBk (nB/Qok) P[ebk (ukBDk) d' gy jB.
(p;zs, rqhyw, gkt;, ;od, fjweo,f;;o S/ o[sK jB)
9 nze fit/A g{ok fst/A w{bwzso j? ns/ gzi nyok^
1 2 3 4 5
> ;fsBkw eosk g[oy fBoGT[
6 7 8 9
fBot?o nekb w{ofs ni{Bh ;?Gz r[ogq;kfd
eJhnK B/ r[o s/ gq;kfd th d' nze, gzi/ nZyo wzB e/ 11 PpdK dk wzso ehsk j?.
egkj phiD dh i[rsh
;kv/ fiwhAdko Gok egkj phiD bZfrnK tV/ftnK B{z gfjb/ ;[nkj ftu uzrh
soQK w+ b?Ad/ jB. fJ; ekoB fJj gqshs j[zdk j? fe tV/t/A ty ty j' ikD, fpBK ;[nkj iK
fwZNh ftu wbD d/ ty' ty BjhA j' ;ed/, fJ;/ bJh fejk j? phi/ sB Bkb y/j obk:k.
woihtV/
;w[zdo ftu N[phnK wkoB tkfbnK B{z woihtV/ efjzd/ jB. ;[fDnk iKdk j? fe
;/m b'e woihtV/ Bkb yo/ eod/ jB fe 4 N[phnK wko s?B{z fJsB/ o[gJ/ d/tKr/, fco
woihtV/ N[ZphnK wkod/ jB.
n";hnK
fJ;sqhnK iwhB s/ fJe ewkB torh tZvh beho fyZu e/ fco Bkb S'NhnK S'NhnK
eZYdhnK jB s/ fco frDdhnK jB i/eo nzs B{z fi;s tX/ sK wzdh i/eo sKe tX/ sK uzrh.
fJ; B{z n";hnK nkyd/ jB.
roXG PrB (efpZs)
tkw/ nzr iks' Gb', dkjB/ gqt/P eo'] gkS/ yo tke eo/, iks/ jN ikJhJ/]
83

nkr/ j'fJ i[ p'b eo?, sK jh gqkB u'o jo?, w?E[B eos okj phu f;X gkJhn?.
fbzr e' T[bko d"o, pkw/ eo eo/ ;"o, ekoi eh f;X n"o, xB/ ;[y dkJhn?]
ok;G e' tke J/j ikBhU PrB fsj, ehU j? pykB w/x pz; feqs rkJhn?.(Gvbh w/x wkbk)
frZdV dh ntkI
frZdV d/ p'b dh thuko fdB oks d/ nZmK gfjoK dh ty' ty pj[s bzw/oh i/
t/yDh j't/ sK Gzvbh ftu t/y' (148 s'A 149)
s[oB ;w/A L
s[oB t/b/ fJ;sqh gkDh b? e/ fwb/ sK PrB, wod fwb/ sK ngPrB, nrBh d'jK
jkbsK ftu ngPrB j?.
fBZS L
s[oB bfrnK fJe fBS ti/ sK ngPrB s/ i/ d' tZiB sK ;rB.
Gdqk L
N[oB bZfrnK ;kjwD/ gk;/ j'D sK w"s j[zdh j?.
wBw[y dh nt;Ek L
wBw[y efjzdk j? t/;tk dk BZe s's/ tKr{, ewb tKr{ nZyK, uzdqwK tKr{ w[y, fpzp cb
torh m'vh, ;qh cb tor/ ;Eb(e[u), nBkoK d/ dkfDnK tor/ dzd, Bkr torh r[s, G"o/
torhnK G"jK jB, fJBQK T[gwK ftu wB nZm N'N/ j' frnk.
nwho fJe fcoe/ dk Bkw
f;zX ftu fJe fcoek j? fi; dh f;cs nwho j? T[;/ fcoe/ ftu'A ekpb dk pkdPkj
j?. fJ;/ bJh T[;B{z nwho ekpb efjzd/ jB.
p{sks L^
s;thoK pBkT[D tkb/ w;Zto & c'N'rqkco.
egkjh s/ x/Jh L^ egkj t/uD eoe/ nZb egkjh, fxT[ t/uD eoe/ x/Jh nZb g? rJh.
84

;o dk noE L^ y[Zbk gkDh, eJhnK B/ ;o dk noE f;o ehsk j? noEks nzfwqs t/b/
f;o, ;o dk noE Bkb th eod/ jB nzfwqs t/b/ Bkb.
g"Av tKr f;Zek d; o[gJ/ dk j[zdk ;h .
X'yk
czde i' fsZso pN/ok nkfde p[bKT[dk j? T[; dk Bkw w[bj[ gzSh j?. fJj gzSh e[Nzph
B{z th Bkb c;k d/Adk j? fJt/A jh weok jkEh ;[dkroK gk; j[zdk j?, T[j d{i/ jkEh B{z th Sb
Bkb ikb ftu c;k e/ ;[dkroK dh T[gihtek ubkT[Adk j? s/ nkg n?P b[ZNdk j? eJh pzd/ th
fJe d{i/ B{z ikb ftu c;k e/ w"iK b[ZNd/ jB. X'yk eoBK jh fJBQK dk w[y ekoi j[zdk j?.
rzXot Broh
johP uzdo ;{oi pz; ftu 28tK okik ;h i' wjkswk s/ ;yh ;h. T[; dh g[oh i'
nekP ftu j?, rzXot Broh efjzd/ jB. nekP ftu fJe Gow wksq Broh gqshs j[zdh j?
T[;/ B{z rzXot Broh iK joh uzd Broh th efjzd/ jB, fJj Gow edh okjh Bz{ ;kjwD/ fpqSK
ftu th GkB j[zdk j?. ;t/o/, ;zM B{z th nekP d/ fe;/ fjZ;/ ftu Gow dk Bro pZM iKdk j?,
Gkt Gow wksq j?.
E?bh L^ gzi ;" dh E?bh ns/ d' E?bhnK dk s'Vk j[zdk j?.
r[VQsh i' pkbe B{z fdZsh iKdh j?.
;"Ac, r[bkp d/ c[b, nzpbsk;, pByPk, ;oBk, fsqth, uzdo dkBk, bkuh v'vk, fJBQK
;kohnK dtkJhnK B{z ekVQ e/ ftu e'oh yzv gk e/ (XwQkB tkb/) fdB pkbe B{z fgbkT[Ad/ jB,
fJ; dk Bkw r[VQsh j?.
p[ZX ws d/ n;{b
1H ;Zu/ ftuko L^ fpBK fe;/ tfjw iK G[b/y/ d/.
2H;Zu/ fJokd/ L^ T[u/ ;wMdko s/ T[dwh d/ eoB :'r.
3H;Zuh pkDh L^ w[bkfJw ;ob s/ P[Xh.
4H;Zuk ubB L^ PKs, Gbk s/ gftsq.
5H ;Zuh ewkJhL^ fe;/ ikBto B{z sebhc iK yso/ ftu gkT[D s'A fpBk.
85

6H ;Zuk T[Zdw L^ ;_? f;Zfynk s/ ;_? ;ziw tkbk.
7H ;Zuh u/sBsk L^ j[fPnko s/ ;[u/s wB ;fjs.
8H ;Zuh y[Ph L^ ihtB dhnK rfjokJhnK s/ fsnko po fsnko ftukoK tkbh.
p[X ws d/ d; n;{b
1H fe;/ B{z ikB' BK wkoBK 2H u'oh Bk eoBh.
3H gofJ;soh rwB Bk eoBk 4H M{m Bk p'bDK.
5H BfPnK s'A pu/ ofjDK 6H d[gfjo s'A fgS'A gqPkd Bk SeDK.
7H Bku s/ y[PhnK fdnK e"seK ftu Pkwb Bk j'DK.
8H ;[rzXh tkbhnK uhIK B{z Bk tosDK.
9H uzr/ p;so s/ wzi/ B{z Bk tosDk.
10H ;'Bk uKdh fe;/ gk;'A BK b?DK.
uko tzvK
1H ;oho dk fXnkB 2HfJzdqhnK dk fXnkB 3H fynkbK dk fXnkB 4H p[ZXh dk fXnkB.
d{ih tzv
1H G[bK d/ T[mD B{z o'eD dk :sB.
3H BthA gftsqsk g?dk eoB dk :sB.
2H nk u[ehnK G[bK B{z pkjo eZYD dk :sB.
4H w"i{dk gftsqsk tXkT[D dk :sB.
shih tzv
1H i'P 2H us[osk 3H fXnkB 4H y'i 5H y[Ph 6H nkokw 7H gftsqsk.
f;XKs
1H ;op gkgZ; neoDg L^ ;ko/ gkgK s'A ;ze'u eo/.
2H e[Pb; T[g ;zgdk L^ ;G uzfrnkJhnK B{z T[sgB eoB bJh.
3H ;Zfus go:'dgDw L^ nkgD/ wB B{z gftsq eoB bJh.
4H J/sw p[XkB[wkPBw L^ fJj ;dk bJh p[XK dh nkfrnk j?.
86

fszB nZyok frnkB
p[X ;oDz rZSkwh, Xzwz ;oDz,
;zxz ;oDz rZSkwh.
w[;bwkBK dk gqD
1H n;hA gqw/Po dh Pdo ;sk fe;/ j'o p[s B{z Bk fdnKr/.
2H u'oh fteko mZrh ;dk bJh SZv fdnKr/.
3H bVehnK BjhA wkoKr/.
4H ;dk jh g?rzpo dk ;kE fdnKr/.
phph ckswk B{z fdZsk oki
d' jfEnko, fJe uZeh, d' fwZNh d/ xV/, fJZe fwZNh dk b'Nk, fJe fp;sok.
gzi n;{b
1H JhwkB 2H BwkI 3H Ieks 4H o'I 5H jI .
Jh;kJhnK d/ n;{b
1H gftsq ib fSVeDK. 2H froik xoK ftu fdB ftu w'wpZshnK irkT[DhnK.
3H uzr/ g[Pke/ gk e/ frofinK ftu ikDk . 4H pkik pikT[DK GiB rkT[D/.
5H ;bhp dk fBPkB pDkT[DK (nkgD/ ;Zi/ jZE dhnK T[ArbK Bkb yk; bciK dk T[ukoB
eofdnK j'fJnK gfjbK wZE/ s/ fco Sksh s/ fco yZp/ w'fYnK s/ bkT[DhnK).
6H X{g X[ykT[Dh. 7H fi;w M[ekT[DK s/ r'v/ N/eD/. 8H gftsq gqPkfd toskT[DK.
1H
2H
3H
4H
g'g oZp dk BkfJp BjhA s/ BK jh T[j nG[b j?.
g[okfDnK ;zsK ns/ T[BQK dhnK fBPkBhnK dh g{ik BjhA ehsh iKdh.
nodk; ;w/A w'wpZshnK irkT[D dhnK o;wK p/b'VhnK ;wMhnK iKdhnK jB.
gkdoh Pkdh eo ;ed/ jB.
5H ftnkj B{z e/tb fJe GkJhukoe ;pzX ;wfMnk iKdk j? s/ wod n"osK d'jK tb'A
sbke j' ;edk j?.
6H pkJhpb d/ g[okD/ s/ Bt/A nfjd BkfwnK dk jo w[be dh w"i{ dk IpkB ftu soiwk
ehsk iKdk j?(o'wB e?Efbe :{BkBh s/ b/fNB IpkBK ftu jh ofjD d/Dk g;zd eod/ jB.)
87

wB;{o B{z gqPB L 1H dkB dh jZd feE/ j? <
2Hfsnkr dh jZd feZE/ j? <
3H gq/w dh jZd feE/ j? <
T[Zso L ^
1H nkgD/ gk; gdkoE j[zdk Gh nkg G[yk ofj e/ b'Vtzd B{z d/ d/t/.
2H fiE/ gdkoEK B{z fsnkrdk j? T[E/ d/j fsnkrD s'A th eb/P Bk eo/.
3H ;{bh B{z (w"s) oki f;zxk;D ts ikD ns/ tkfjr[o{ dk P[eokBk eo/.
dodtzdK dhnK nKjh ;[D e/,nkg y[dktzd vfonk]
noPK w[nZbk dk ezfpnk fezrok, id nkPe ;{bh ufVQnk]
pqjw ;wki{ ws d/ n;{b
1H JhPto fJe j?, ftnkge j? ;G d/ nzdo T[; dk ibtk j?.
2H iks gks e'Jh BjhA S{s Sks fJe rbs fynkb j?.
3H fJe w[;bwkB, w[;bwkB ofjzdk j'fJnk s/ fjzd{ ofjzdk j'fJnk noEks jo ;yP
nkgD/ gfjbK XkoB ehs/ wIp B{z ekfJw oZydk j'fJnk fJ; ;wki dk eZNV w?Apo pD
;edk j?.
jB.
4H fJ; ;wki d/ w?Apo iks gks nkfd eh e?d B{z SZv e/ nkg' ftu Pkdh eo ;ed/
5H ;kfonK dk ykB gkB fJe j? ns/ jbkb iK jokw r'Ps ftu e'Jh coe Bjh.
6H jo fJe Bph d/; s/ IwkB/ dh ukb nB[;ko ;Zuh skbhw d/Adk fojk j?.
7H jo fJe Xkofwe g[;se (ebkw) fJbkjh fJe yk; IwkB/ ftu ;Zuh ojh j?. Bph
iK ntsko tkfjr[o{ tb'A BjhA G/i/ iKd/ T[j e/tb tZv/ nkdwh j[zd/ jB fiBQK B/ o{jkBh soZeh
;kv/ Bkb'A tZX ehsh j[zdh j?.
8H nktkrtB dk w;bk rbs j?.
ufes;k d/ fszB Gkr L
88

fBdkB, fBoxzN{ ufes;k (GkJh wBh f;zx iBw ;kyh)
Bfj gqd/; ;ftd: B{z, fgq:tkdh fog BKfj ] T[d:'rh B{z d{o Bfj ;woE pv feqs ekfj]
d'jok L oki ns/ ftfdnk d'T{ Bfj jB fJe ;wkB]
fBogs g{ihJ/ d/; ftu r[Bh ;op n;EkB]
d'jok L ftfdnk pzX gqd/; w? ftfdnk d/t ft;/y]
g{i fBqg'A eo nx jsh ftd:k fpB g;[ d/y ]
& sp br ftd:k gVhn? ip br xN w? gokD ]
ijK XBh gj[zu/ BjhA sjK gj[zu/ ftdtkB](;koe[sktbh)
&
wksk fgsk ;[s Pso{ j?A g[sq gYkts BKfj]
;'G B gkts ;Gk wfj fiT[ pr jz;B wkfj](uDkek)
gzi tkftnK dh tfvnkJh
ftZfdnk, tuBK, tg{s/, t;sq, ftGt wBkfJ]
gzi/ tkt/ wkB[y B{z d/D tvkJh XkfJ]
noEks ftZfdnk, tg[ :k ;oho, t;sq(egV/), tuB, ftGt (XB), fJzBK gziK tkftnK Bkb
wB[y tfvnkJh gKT[dk j?.
d'jk L Bhu e[b dk ftdtkB th ;fseko gkT[Adk j? L^
T[sw e[b fe; ezw j?, ftfdnk r[D s/ jhB.
Bhu ikfs ftdtkB B{z g{iD d/t gqphB]
iksh d/ gzfvsK pko/.
bzwk ;kVk, bzwh wkbk, bzwk fNZek uzdDk.
frbk goBk w'Y/ Xfonk j'fJ ukb fpuZSDk ]
gzvk Bkw p[ZXh dk j? i' ;s n;Zs dh thuko tkbh j't/, fJe gzfvs t/dKsh j[zd/ jB,
d{i/ pqjwDK d/ xo izwD Bkb jh got/A fJZb dk BK e'e' BK ikDd/ j'D.
89

(e[zvbhnK)
ukj/ wfD B{z wro d/ w[y s/ bJ/ T[ykV ] soe/ jEh d'fJs/, bJ/ ;w[zdo gko]
bJ/ ;w[zdo gko, ;og eq'Xh f;o oy/ ] w{oy wB B fpuko, eo/ T[gd/Pfj by']
;wM/ BjhA r[nko j'o dh j'o ;[DkJ/ ] eo/ ;'Jh T[j nzs, rb B{z fi; B{z T[j ukj/]
ekb/ pr/ j'D Bk, wDK ;p{Dh xkb ]fBzw wX[o BfjzB j'Atdh, f;zi' r[V x/ Bkb ]
f;zi' r[V x/ Bkb, :sB Gkt/A nfs eohJ/ ] w{oy fjqd: B frnkB, j'J/ Gkt/A fgN wohJ/]
xN/ tX/ Bk osh, ubD T[bNh fBs ukb/ ] T[ib ed/ Bk j'D, ofjD ekb/ d/ ekb/ ]
ewb Bko dh sko s/, ir B{z pzBD XkfJ ] c[b ;ohjK geV e/, jhok fpzBD ikfJ ]
jhok fpzBD ikfJ eo' fesBh us[okJh ] yb B{z d;' frnkB si/ Bkjh fBm[okJh]
d/y/ w{oy b'e, jmh pkdh nfs upb ] ;[DB fe;/ dh BKfj, bi fpB i:'A B/ ewb ]
(ftfdnk osBkeo)
okw Ppd dh ftnkfynk
;qh okw Bkw e/ nyo shBk] oeko neko weko gqthBk]
oeko nrfB s[b gkse BkP/] neko oft ;w r:kB gqekP/]
weko uKd ;w ;hsb eojhA] shB skg gb w/A gojojh]
rDgfs g{i j{nk fJ; feqgk] tkbwhfe T[Xok ig T[bNk]
gkopsh fPt ehnk pykBk] ;j;o Bkw s[b okw Bkwk]
okw Bkw ek pV gqskgk ] Gt;kro T[so/A ;p gkgk]
Bkw d/ pokpo e'Jh t;s{ BjhA
e'fN :r pqs g{ik fXnkBk ] t/d gkm sg dkB fJ;BkBk]
e'fN ikg Xow pj[ BkBk ] ;G cb BjhA s[b jfo Bkwk ]
90

d'jk L ;fs:[r w?A d; po; w/A joh f;woB cb j'fJ]
sq/sk w/A fJe po; w/A ;'Jh gqkgs j'fJ] sq/sk w/A fJe po; w/A i' cb j't/ sZs]
d_kgo w/A fJe wk; w/A ;'Jh gqkgs ;Zs]d_kgo w/A fJe wk; w/A i' cb okw igks ]
efb:[r w/A fJe fdt; w/A ;'Jh okw cb sks]
Bkw wjksw
ig eoBk iZrkfd ;/, d; r[D j? nfXek:]Ppd fpBk ig eoB i', ;q/PN j? ;" Gk: ]
;_k;'A ;/ i' f;woBk, ;j;q r[DK j? whs] fJ; ;/ UA ek ikg eo', ;oXk eo fBs Bhs]
;[X gftsq n;EkB w/A, p?m/ ikfJ J/eKs ] ekw eq'X t; fJzdq:, wB eh bj/ GqKs]
ikg eo/ UAeko ek d_kd; ;jZ;o pko ] J/e po; eosk oj/, fpBK ftxB fJe ;ko]
gkg n"o wjK gkg Gh, BkP j'fJ ssekb ];dk PKs jfo T[o t;/, g{oB g[oy ewkb ]
S[ghnK j'JhnK t;s{nK L
nk:[o fxqs/ r[V/ o'r' fwos[obhB' fpdkfjP{ nko'fr:z eN{ fses/P{ wK; g:L ;[u ]
noE L xh ftu T[wo, r[V ftu o'r, ftdkjh ftu w"s, e"V/ s/ uogo/ gdkoEK ftu
no'rsk, wk; ns/ d[X ftu pb (bhB) b[fenk j'fJnk j?. ftdkjh Bkw t;s{nK dk j?.
ftfdnk L^ ftd Xks{ s'A t:[sgfs noE ikBDk, ftfdnk, ikDB dh fefonk.
t:keoD L^ ;zL ft^nk^feq ;zr:k^ i[dk eoB dh fefonk, nbZr eoBK, fBy/VBK, 2H Xks{
ns/ Ppd dk frnkB eokT[D tkbk PkPso, fi; d[nkok PpdK d/ P[X o{g ns/ tos'A d/
gqeko ikD/ iKd/ jB. noph ftu fJ; B{z ;oc'Bjt efjzd/ jB, nzro/Ih ftu rqkwo efjzd/
jB.
t:k; L^ ft;sko c?bkT[, fpnk; g{ik jkV ;[dh 15 i{B B{z g{iB j[zdk j?.
(t:;B) 8 gqeko dk j? L^
;zr:k^ ftgZfs, w[;hps. 2H frokT[, gsB.
3H ekw eq'X ftekoK eoe/ T[gfink d'P 4H fe;/ ftP: dh pkdh (nkds) wB{ B/ ekw s'A
T[gi/ d;, eq'X s'A T[gi/ nZm t:;B fby/ jB L^
91

ekwi^ fPeko, i{nk, fdB/ ;"DK, fBzdk, fJ;soh w?E[B, Pokp y'oh, Bku, rkT[DK, tikT[Dk
ns/ nktk rodh.
eq'Xi L^ u[rbh, ftuko fpBK ehsk ezw, Sb, Jhoyk,(j;d) fe;/ d/ r[DK ftu d'P no'gDK,
u'oh, pdIpkBh, wko e[NkJh, ;'e, fdb dk brkT[ fit/A T[; B{z fbyD gVQD dk t:;B j?.
;zL t:PB, fto[X G'iB iK ftP/ G'iB nEtk fBokjko.
&
d; ekw ;w[sEkBh sEkPN" eq'XikBh u ]fpnZ;BkBh d[ozskfB gq:sB/B fppoi/s (wB{)
& rkT[DK tikT[DK T[sw ftZfdnk j? go j'o ezw B{z SZv e/ fJ;/ gokfJD j'DK fpn;B j?.
Unzeko dh wfjwk
UA fgnkok gqkD ;/, d[y ek BkPBjko ] ;[y ;_o{g ;p irs e/, T[sgzB eoB/jko]1]
g{iBh: nxBkP d/t ek jw eos/ X:kB ] i' jwoh p[fX e', T[Zsw eow brkB]2]
(rk:sqh Szd)
fwsq do'j L^
d'jok L
fwsq do'j ftPtkP js j'fJ pkb Bo Bkfo ] bJ/ Bk ;'Gk irs ftu tfv gkgh p[fonko ]
(fwvb e'o; fj;k 3)
fwsoK Bkb eo/Ad/ mZrhnK Ehd/ iBw e;kJh,
1H bywh sjK oj? BjhA, ijK i{g e' tk;.
2H gkdg sjK T[gi? BjhA, ijK nrfB goek;]3]
1H gkg fpqfX s/ fpqfX XB, XB fpqfX s/ fpqX gkg.
2H y'J/ i{g w?A Xow fpB[, T[G? b'e ;zskg]4] (;koe[sktbh)
tkfjr[o{ Ppd d/ 17 noE
i' n;uoi o{g j' e/ d[BhnK ftu ftnkge j' fojk j't/ s/ ihtK d/ fjod/ ftu'A
nfrnkB nkfde d{o eoe/ frnkB o{gh ukBDK eo/ nEtk gqekP eo d/t/ ;' ejhJ/ tkfjr[o{
fBozeko gohg{oB gqwkswk dk Bkw tkfjr[o{ j?.
92

1H r' Bkw f;q;Nh dk j? s/ o{g Bkw gkbDK eoB tkb/ dk j? i' n;uoi o{g j' e/ f;q;Nh
dh gkbDK eo fojk j't/ ;' ejhJ/ tkfjr[o{.
2H JhPto dk nfeqsw s/ feqsw Bkw d'B' tkfjr[o{ ;pd dk noE jB. t & tk;d/t, j
& joh, r & r'fpzd, o & okw, u"jK i[rK dk fJeZmk ikg (tkfjr[o{ ;pd) ;fsr[oK B/ pDk
fdZsk j?. tk; ejhJ/ i' ;op w?A fBtk; eoB/ tkbk j't/ ns/ i'sh ;o{g j't/ nEtk fpnkge,
JhPo d/t ek noE j? i'sh ;o{g fi; d/ ukBD Bkb ;GBK ihtK ftu ukBD j't/. n?;k
gqekP eoB tkbk noE j?. jfo gd dk noE Grs'A e/ gkg Bk; eoB/ tkbk no w[esh eh
fJZSk tkfbUA ek nfrnkB joB/ tkbk noE j?. r'fpzd dk noE r[o eh pkDh o{g T[gd/P
;/ fi; dk fpzd (bkG) j't/ f;ZyK e' ;' ejhJ/ r'fpzd. j'o r' Bkw Xosh dk j? i' Xosh
nkfde ;G irK ftu ;s o{g j't/ ;' ejhJ/ r'fpzd. okw dk noE j? fi; w/A :'rh iB owD
eo/ ;' ejhJ/ j? okw ;G w?A i' ow (t:kge) j' fojk j't/ ;' ejhJ/ okw.
okw iBK owzsh ;k okwk
feT[Afe ftnkeoD dh ohsh nB[;ko owD dk noE c?bDK BjhA j?, eohVk wkso
noE j? ;' noE g{ok pDdk j?, feT[Afe :'rh iB T[; w/A X:kBkfde eohVk o{g owD eo/
j? fus e' ;G soc'A ;/ o'e eo gqw/Po w/A brktB/ tkfbnK ek Bkw :'rh j?, ezB gkfNUA ek
Bkw :'rh BjhA j?, ;' fJB uko'A Bkw'A e' fwbk e/ fJj noE fBeb/ j?A i' ;op fpnkgh j?
i'sh ;to{g j? ;op gkg'A ns/ nfrnkB e/ joB/ tkbk j?, r[o e/ T[gd/P ;/ fwb/ j?A, :'rh
iB fi; w/A fus i'V eo owD eos/ j?A n?;k ;fs fus nBzd ;to{g ;op eh ofynk eoB/
tkbk gkopqjw tkfjr[o{ j? fJj tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk d{ik noE j? nEtk ngD/ ngD/ Grs' e'
pKfSs cb d/D/ tkb/ pqjwkfde d/tB ek Bkw tkj j? fsB tkj'A ek ejhJ/ pqjwkfde d/te ek
i' j't/ r[o Bkw fjs ek T[gd/P eoB/ tkbk ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{, pqjwkfde d/tB e' gqw/Po B/
T[gd/P fdZsk j?, :fj t/d w/A ;gZPN fbfynk j? fi; B/ pqjwk e' T[sgB ehnk j? fi; B/
pqjw/ e' t/d gVQkJ/ j?A no Gkrts e/ gfjb/ ;b'e ftu fbfynk j? fe nkgB/ fus ;/ fi; B/
pqjwk e' T[sgB ehnk j? fi; B/ pqjw/ e' t/d gVQkJ/ j?A no Gkrts e/ gfjb/ ;b'e ftu
fbfynk j? fe nkgB/ fus ;/ fi; B/ pqjwk e' t/d ek fjs j/s fp;sko ehnk j? :Ks/ f;X
j'fJnk tkj i' pqjwkfde d/tsk j? fsB e' T[gd/P eoB/ tkb/ gqw/Po ek Bkw tkfjr[o{ j? fJj
Gh tkfjr[o{ ;pd dk d{ik noE j?.
3H nEtk L^ fi; e' tkjhn?, fi; g? ;tko j'Jhn? fs; ;tkoh ek Bkw tkj j?, tkj Bkw
uVQB tkbh uhi ek j?. r' Bkw p?b ek ;' ejkt/ tkjr[, tkjr[ Bkw wjKd/t ek j? fs;
tkjr[, Bkw wjkd/t e' o[ Bkw gqekP Gkt ;op ek frnkB fi; ;/ j't/, ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{,
fJj sh;ok noE j?.
4H nEtk L^ n;uoi o{g ezw eoB/ tkb/ g[oP ek n;uoi o{g p[fX pb d/y eo tkj
tkj efjzd/ jB :Ks/ b'e w/A tkj Ppd ndG[s tkue j? nifjs bySDK w/A nfXG[s ezw
eoB/ tkb/ dk Bkw th tkj j? tkj gd dk noE r[o gd e/ noE w/A ftP/;D o{g j? :Ks/
n;uoi o{g ekoi'A e/ g?dk eoB/ :'r ndG[s Pesh tkbk j't/ r[o ;' ejkt/, tkfjr[o
93

nfXG[s ekoi nksw frnkB j?, ekj/ s/ nksw frnkB nkg wkfJnk ek ekoi no wkfJnk
s/ nshs ;_o{g e' fty: eo/ j?A :jh fs; ftu ndG[ssk j?, n?;/ ekoi e' g?dk eoB/ tkbh
n;uoi o{g Pesh r[o w/A jh j?, j'o fe;/ ftu BjhA, fJj' jh r[o{ ih e/ pb ftu no n?;/
pb tkb/ r[o{ ftu ndG[s gBK j? :Ks/ :EkoE efjnk n;uoi o{g ekoi e' g?dk eoB/
:'r ndG[s Pesh tkbk i' j't/ r[o{ ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{, :fj r[o{ eh gq;z;k go tkfjr[o{ Ppd
ek u"Ek noE j?.
5H nEtk tk gfd ek noE n;uoi j? (j) ek ;c[N j?, :Ks/ i' ;qh r[o{ w?A fgSb/ noE
ftu efjnk, ndG[s ekoi e' g?dk eoB/ eh ndG[s Pesh o{g n;uoi j?, ;' T[sw
nfXekohnK B/ gqf;X d/fynk j? :Ks/ gqf;X n;uoi tkbk i' j't/ r[o ;' ejkt/, tkfjr[o{
:jh r[o{ eh T[;sfs go tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk gzitk noE j?.
6H nEtk t Ppd dk noE e'P ftu T[gwK ns/ ftebg j? j Ppd dk noE nfdG[ssk
j? :Ks/ r[o w/A ejh i' ndG[s ekoi e' g?dk eoB/ eh nfdG[s Pesh ;/ ftebg eoe/ r[o
w?A j't? j? ekj/ s/ fBPekw eow eoB tkb/ nfXekoh g[oyK ftu r:kB o{g uwseko e' g?dk
eoB/ tkbh Pesh d/yh j?, wzd wfs tkb/ ftPJh g[oyK ftu BjhA d/yh :Ks/ ftebg eo s?;h
Pesh tkbk i' j't/ ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{. fJj nfXekoh:'A fty/ r[o{ eh Pesh e' gqrN eoB/
tkbk tkfjr[o{ Ppd ek S/tK noE j?.
7H nEtk t:keoD dh ohs ;/ rzX e' rqjD eoB tkb/ xqkD fJzdq: ek Bkw tk j? :fj
xqkD n"o fJzdqh:'A e/ rqfjD ;/ fBPkBh j? :Ks/ ;Gh r:kB fJzdqh: t Ppd ;/ ikB b?B/ (j)
Ppd dk noE t:keoD eh ohs ;/ s:kr j?, :Ks/ ;zg{oB r:kB fJzdqh:K e/ fty: Gkr e'
i' fsnkr/ got fJj fe fsBek fty: Bk j't/ n?;k i' gqwkswk r[o ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{ :fj
fJzdq:kfde'A e/ nr'uo ;o{g ek p'Xe tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk ;ZstK noE j?.
8H nEtkL ^ t:keoD ;/ tj Ppd dk noE gqkgs j'Dk j?, :Ks/ i' eow'A ;/ t; j'eo
;tor Boe nkfde b'e'A w/ gqkgs j't/ fsB iht'A ek Bkw tkj j? r[o Bkw t/dkfd o{g fjs
ek T[gd/P eoB/ tkb/ JhPto ek j?. tkfjr[o{ Ppd w/A ss_w;h nkfde tkeB e/ ;wkB tkj
jh j't/ ;' r[o ejhJ/ tkfjr[o{ n?;k nG/d gqshs j't? j? ;' ;opr:sk nbgr:sk nkfde
Xow'A e/ fto'X tkb/ iht JhPto ek ib nrBh ts pB/ BjhA :Ks/ wjK tkeB e/ ;wkB, J/E/
Gh byDk eoe/ i' nyzv nkfd_sh ;to{g gqwkswk j? ;' tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk noE j?. fJj
nmtK nG/d gqfsgkde noE j?.
9H nEtk tkwB ^ jfo^r[o^o[dq fJB Bkw'A e/ nkfd ek J/e J/e nyo b/eo ;qh r[o{ ih
B/ nB/e Bkw'A e/ ikg s[b wjksw tkbk tkfjr[o{ efjnk j? :Ks/ fiB Bkw'A w/ :fj pBkfJnk
j? T[B Bkw'A e/ noE'A tkbk no wjksw tkbk :j J/e Bkw j? :fj nB/e Bkw'A e/ s[b:
tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk B"tK noE j? r[o Bkw yVkBB j?.
10H nEtk wzso, Pk;so e/ e'P'A e/ nB[;ko (t) pqjwk ek tkue j?, tt/ ek ezBk neko
ftPB{z ek tkue j? (j) gd fPt ek tkue j?, tt/ ek ezBk neko ftPB{z ek tkue j?, :Ks/
94

i' gqw/Po ;z;ko eh ouBK j/s oi' r[D ;z:[es j'fJnk pqjw o{g j?, g[Bk i' gqw/P_o fs; eh
oZfynk j/s ;s' r[DK ;z:[es j'fJnk, ftPB{z o{g j? g[Bk i/ gqw/Po irs e/ gqb: eoB/ j/s
sw' r[D ;z:[es j':k o[dq o{g j?, tjh irs e/ iBwkfde eoB/ tkbk tkj j?, fi; tkj[ ek
nB/e ;EkB'A w/A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu pj[s pj[s toBD j? tkj jh j't/ i' r[o ejkt/
tkfjr[o{. ;' T[j fpnzs n?;/ e"se eoB tkbk JhPto r[o{ ih dk r[o{ j? i/jV/ nBikD
g[oPK gk; T[BQK B{z efjzd/ jB T[j nkg nfrnks jB n?;/ nBikB/ ;/ ;[D e/ nBikB'A e' wd
Gow oj/. fJ; tk;s/ r[o{ ih ek r[o{ Gh tkfjr[o{ wzsq ;/ irs eh T[sgsh,fJ;fEsh,
;zjko, eosk tkj ;gZPN ehsk. fJj JhPto e' r[o ek r[o p'Xe d;tK noE j?.
11H nEtk T[gkPe'A eh GktBk e/ nB[;ko fpPB GrtkB tv d[ork, rD/P, ;{oi, wjKd/t
fJj Gh tkfjr[o{ d/ noE jB, ;' fJ; gqeko jB U Bkw ;op r[D eosk pqjw ek j? fs;
e' ;op irs ek T[gkdkB o{g eo tkj Bkw i' fpnkg/ gqXkB ;' ejkt/ tkj fi; e' ;Ky
Pk;sq tkb/ gqXkB efjzd/ jB, t/dKsh nfrnkB efjzd/ jB tjh ;op irs ek nkfd ekoD
wk:k Pesh ;op irs ek gqDkwh T[gkdkB j' eo pqjw w? fptosh T[gkdkBsk f;X eoB/
j/s t:kgh j'Jh nkfd d[ork, tkj gd dk noE j? tkj jh j't/ i' r[o ejkt/, tkfjr[o{ fJj
d/th gy w/A tkfjr[o{ gd dk noE j?.
12H nEtk L^ U Bkw wjkd/t e' foXh f;Xh nkfde'A e/ bkG fjs nkj Bkw gqkgs j't/ i'
rD/P ;' ejhJ/ tkj t[j tkj jh i' j't/ r[o ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{ fJj rD/P gy ftu pkotK
noE j?.
13H nEtk L^ (tz) Bkw ib ek j? fs; e' toyk e/ ;w/A fty/ nk Bkw ;od Uo ;/ j Bkw
fsnkr/ ngDh feoB'A ;/ ;{oi ejkt/ tkj, t[j Xow ek ;kyh ;op irs ek nzXeko d{o
eoB tkbk tkj jh j't/ i' r[o ejkt/ tkfjr[o{ fJj ;{oi gy ftu s/otK noE j?.
14H nEtk L^ T[A Bkw wjKd/t ek j? nkj Bkw ;op Uo s/ p:kge fpPB{z ek j? T{V/ e'
tktk j'eo nkj w?A fwbe/ tkj pB/ j? ;' tkj Ppd ek noE fPt fpPB d't/A j?B :Ks/ fPt
ftPB ;o{g i' j't/ r[o ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{ fJj fPt n"o fpPB gy w?A tkfjr[o{ dk u"dtK
noE j?. fJB d/tB g? tkfjr[o Ppd dk noE brktD/ ek :j sksgoi j? fe gqw/Po e/
wkBB/ tkb/ ;G b'r'A e/ ws w/A gqw/Po J/e j? e/tb Bkw'A ek G/d j?, i' gy d[ork e' ;op
irs ek ekoB efjzd/ jB,T[j d[ork s'A fpBK j'o fe;/ B{z JhPo BjhA wzBd/ ;zg{oB fPt,
fpPB nkfd d/tB e' n"o ntskoB e' d[ork eh fpG{sh wkB/ j?, fJ;h tk;s/ ufosqK d/ nkfd
ftu d[ork dh T[;ss ftu r[o{ ebrhXo ih B/ d[ork e' ;op o{g fbfynk j? fJ;h sok
jB{wkB BkNe d/ gfjb/ ;t?:/ ftu fbfynk j? :Ek L^
P?t ej? fPt w{os ;kj; pqjw ej? ;G t/d gVJhnk.
fJfsnkde gkm ftu ejh ohs ;/ JhP_o e/ BkBk Bkw wkB e/ fi; Bkw tkb/ dh i'
T[gkPBk eosk j?, T[; Bkw tkbk d/tsk tkfjr[o{ Ppd dk noE j?, fJ; tk;s/ T[j
tkfjr[o{ dh jh T[gkPBk eodk, :Ks/ tkfjr[o{ dk jh f;y: B{z j[D T[BK B{z ukjhdk j? fe fi;
95

irQK d[ork dk Bkw b? e/ efjzdk j? fe s/oh i? j', T[; irk ej/ fe tkfjr[o{ s/oh i? j' (i?;/
f;y efjzd/ jB, tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj) cs/ dk noE i? jh j? fJ;
soQK io{o T[ukoB eo/ feT[Afe tkfjr[o{ efjD Bkb j'o ;GBK g{ik GiB ;/tk nkfd jh nk
iKdh j?.
15H nEtk L^ wzsq Pk;sq eh ohs ;/, t, Bkw nzfwqs ek j?, nzfwqs J/E/ w[esh b?Dh, fs;
w[esh e' i' nj Bkw nkgD/ ;to{g e/ ;ky:ks eko ;/ nfXekoh e' gqkgs eo/ fs; nyzv
;fudkBzd pqjw ek Bkw tkj j? tjh i' j't/ T[gd/P eosk eh w{os w?A fEs j':k r[o ejkt/,
;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o :fj fBor[D pqjw gy: d/ gzdqtK noE j?.
16H fiE/ fe;h irQK jkj/ B{z f;jkoh j't/ T[; irK fJ; wzsq dk fJj noE j? tk Ppd dk
noE ftebg j?, ;' ftebg J/E/ ikfs r[D fefonk b?B/ t Ppd ;/ nkr/ d{o noE fty/
nkfj gqs:: j't/ j? :Ks/ (tk) Ppd d/ noE i' iksh nkfde ftebg ;' d{o j't/ fi; ;/
Gkt pqkjwD g[D/ nkfde iksh:'A ;/ n"o Bhb ghskfde r[D' ;/ n"o ubD p?mD nkfde
fefonk ;/ ofjs i' j't/ r[o ;' ejkt/ tkfjr[o{ fJj f;jkoh tkb/ tkfjro{ dk ;'btK noE
j?.
17H nEtk tk Ppd dknoE s[b:sk (pokpoh) j?, nkfj Ppd dh nfj g? ;?B eoB/ tkb/
gqw/Po w/A nijsh byPDK j? r[o Ppd dk noE ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih j? :Ks/ ;/y ;KJh
gqw/Po eh s[b:sk J/E/ GrsK e/ T[gdqt d{o eoe/ fsBe' fBi ;EkB eh gqkgsh eoBk o{g
b?Dh i?;/ tkj[ ;/y ;KJh gqw/Po ngD/ Grs'A e/ T[gdqt o{g i' okeP j? fsB e' wko e/ ngD/
Grs'A fJzdqkfde' e/ pv/ oki: w/A ;EkgB eo/ j?A s?;/ ;qh r[o th ;op T[gdqt'A ek phi o{g i'
nfrnkB j? fs; e/ joB eoe/ ;zg{oB ngD/ f;ZyB e' fBi ;o{g G{s tv/ oki w/A ;EkgBk
eo/ j?A :Ks/ ;/y ;KJh gqw/Pto ih eh ;wkBsk ;qh r[o{ ih w/A ;zGt? j? fJj f;jkoh tkb/
tkfjr[o{ gd dk ;skotK noE j?.
sK s/ f;X j'fJnk fe tkfjr[o{ wzso ;kfonK dk f;o'wDh wzso igD/ :'r j?
(r[ows fBoD? ;kro)
fwqse s'A pkd
fwqse gkS/ fJj ohs eokt', r[o{ rozE ek gkm oykt',
gktj[ G'r okr wkbk gVQ, fyB wfj gkg ikJ/ ;G ;V ]
pkpk pzdk f;zx ih pjkdo d/ rZdh BPhBK dh gqDkbh
pzdk f;zx (1)
ni? f;zx
oDihs f;zx(2)
96

i[Mko f;zx (3)
i'okto f;zx
csfj f;zx (4) ;[u/s f;zx noiB f;zx
yVr f;zx
nwho f;zx(5)
dfJnk f;zx(6)
gjkV f;zx
s/ik f;zx (7) nso f;zx (8) ;'jB f;zx ;[ikB f;zx
;od{b f;zx (9)
s/fizdo gkb f;zx (10)
r[odk; Bzrb w/A pzdk f;zx B/ puB dh wfjwk dZ;Dh L^
puB gkbB/ ;w B Xow e', gkg Bk siB ;wkB?]
ePN gkfJ sB s:kr/ g{op, b'rB Xow B jkB? ]
;sh ;g[oP puB od dzsh, fBe;/ c/o B fco j?A]
d;oE fPth dXhu joh ;f;, pbh gzu ;[s fEo j?A ]
gkb/ puB ePN ;fj Gko/, np b" ir i; rkt? ]
97

ukeo fwqr wo?A puB go, p/Nh go xo ikt?]
g[B fBi r[o{nB fBi pub go, dhB' fBi f;o G{ go ]
s:'A w?A Gh f;o d?j{z ePN ;fj, fBi puB'A e/ T{go ]
G[y G?Vh j? L^
p[oh w"s s? G{y ejkBh ] dhB fJwkB eos :fj ckBh ]
pkpk pzdk f;zx ih
poes gk dPw/P dh, pfDnK pzdk f;zx pbekoh ]
v"b/ T[;d/ b'j/ d/, Sksh njoD tKr{ Gkoh ]
nyK pbD wskphnK, c{e ;[NDh I[bws ;koh ]
eZd ekm tfonkw dk, s[odh fcodh fit/A nNkoh ]
jkEh Ykj/ T[; B/, P/oK s/ gkJh n;tkoh ]
wko tihd/ yK B{z, Xo s'A Gkoh gzv T[skoh ]
oZs ftu v'p/ T[;B/, d/P Xo'jh s/ jzekoh ]
;[D ;[D T[jdhnK uVsbK, ezp/ fdbh eowK dh wkoh ]
nkyo cf;nk fgzio/, ;cb j'J/ ukb/ ;oekoh]
woB'A w{b B v'fbnk, d/P Grs ;u dk fjsekoh ]
p'Nh p'Nh j' frnk, f;yh BjhA ;{ow/A jkoh ]
ftob/ izwD ir s/, fJj' fij/ uks[o T[gekoh ]
fiBK d/; s'A fizdrh tkoh ]
pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih dh gqsZfrnk
b/tD e' pdb/ s[oeB s/, w'fj gfmU r[o ;t? eo pzdk ]
98

wko e/ ytko eoT[ tihdfj, d/j[ T[ikV b[NkfJ ;ojzdk ]
b? eo t?o r[o{ g[sqB fco, wko frohP eo' gok rzdk ]
J/se eki eo' ip w? s[w, ikfBU w[M/ spjh r[o pzdk](gzE gqekP)
(PjhdK dk y{B)
;kv/ y{B dh Xke J/ ir T[s/, y{B ikbwK dk fdb s'V fdzdk]
y{B i[bw dh S[oh B{z izr bk e/, w{zj s/i sbtko dk w'V fdzdk]
y{B ;kc eodk d{o gkg eodk, iZE/pzd eoe/ y{B i'V fdzdk ]
ub/ s/I iK y{B PjhdhnK dk, p/Vh gkg dh B{z s[os o'V fdzdk ]
b'jrVQ feb/ s'A ikoh pzdk f;zx ih d/ w'jo L
f;ek Id po jo d' nkbw, s/r/ BkBe tkjp n;s]
cs/j r'fpzd f;zx Pkj/ PkjK, cIb ;Zuk ;kfjp n;s ]
id& f;ek wkfonk, tkjp& pyPD tkbk, cIb&feogk
Gkt noE L^ d'jK ijkBK ftu f;ek wkfonk r[o BkBe d/t ;kfjp ih dh pyPP Bkb cs/j
gqkgs j'Jh, PkjK d/ Pkj r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh feogk Bkb.
d/r U s/r' cs/j U B[;os p/ dozr]
:kcs nI BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ]
B[;os& fJwdkd, p/^dozr& fpBK d/oh, :kcs&gqkgs j[zdh j?.
Gkt L^ d/r (rohpK B{z bzro SekT[D dk fBPkB) s/ s/r (Xow s/ rohpK dh oZfynk
bJh) cs/j ;jkfJsk ns/ tfvnkJh ;qh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih ns/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'A
gqkgs j[zdh j?.
c[jko/ s'A f;ZfynkL
w{zj nZvh noPK tZb sZehJ/, fJe p{zd BK e'Jh gkt/]
id'A n;K ftu nk frnk e'Jh, nk T[j Sfjpo bkt/]
99

&
&
Pjhd eh i' w"s j?, t'j e"w eh j:ks j?, j:ks Gh j:ks j?, w"s Gh j:ks j?.
fizdk ofjB/ e/ bhJ/ doeko j? P'e/ nwb, w"s j? s/ok ;e{z s/oh otkBh fizdrh]
noE L^ fe;/ ikpo e"w iK je{ws d/ wkoB Bkb e"wK BjhA wodhnK, nzdobh ihtB
o"A BPN j'D Bkb BPN j[zdhnK jB.
&
Pkws/ n?wkb/ wk p;{os/ Bkdo frqcs.
noEL^ ;kv/ wkV/ eowK B/ Bkdo dk o{g XkoB eo fbnk j?.
p'sk f;zx ih dk nykD fuZmh L^
fumh fby? f;zx p'sk jZE j? ;'Nk, nkBk bkfJnk rZv/ B{z s/ g?;k bk:k y'sk]
nky' Gkp' ykB' B{z :'A nky/ f;zx p'sk, oki eo/rk ykb;k nkeh oj/ B e'fJ ](gqL gzE gqekP
97)
GkJh sko{ f;zx ih dk j"A;bk
gzE tXktB ykso skJhA, fJw ngBh r[o e[b j? rtkJh]
T[;h e/ gzE jw/ ;dkJ/, jw woB/ s/ ep Bm ikJ/](gqL gzE gqekP)
ykb;/ dh bkfJeh
:jh bkfJeh ykb;/ wkfj ] bVB woB wfj j'fJ nrkfj]
f;zx dh Bkdo ;w/A jkbs
fcvk i?;k NN{nk i[bV{ ek ekm{ gkfJ, o;V{ brkw s/ o;V{ oekp i{]
gkfNnk ;k eSV{ s/ BhbV{ ;k ukdo{, v{u' i?;k grV{ pDkfJnk f;o ski i{]
N[fNnk i?;k s/rV{ s/ bhoV{ fwnkB ik e', rZm ;m rksok pDkfJnk ;G ;ki i{]
Bkw s' nekbV{ ;' fco? p[o' jkbV{ w?, b{N e{N yktD/ e' vkY/ T[;skd i{](gzE gqekP 581)
iZ;k f;zx dh p/Bsh s/ L
np jw e' s[w b/j[ fwbkfJ, nkB go? jw ykb;/ ;oBkfJ]
100

okw oT[Dh dk febk L
oT[Dh Bkw j? y/sh dk f;ziDK s/ tkj e/ c;b phiDh, fJE/ f;zx oT[Dh eoe/ y/sh
efonk eod/ ;B. fJ;/ eoe/ feb/ dk Bkw okw oT[Dh jh oZy fbnk ;h .
pkpk dhg f;zx ih L^
wzIb/ fJPe dokI n;s fpgK Bstk ocas]
Gkt L^wzib gq/w d[okvh vkYh g?oh iktD n"yk,
f;o e/ uoB pBkt/ i/eo fwb/ fgnkok ;"yk](Bzd bkb ih)
iZ;k f;zx ih tb'A ikoh ehsk f;Zek L
f;ek do ijK p^cIb/ nekb] w[be nfjwd frqcs i;k ebkb]
GktL^ nekb g[oy dh feogk Bkb fJ; d[Bhnk ftu f;ek wkfonk frnk j?, nfjwd Pkj dk
w[be iZ;k f;zx ebkb s/ ekp{ eo fbnk j?.
(tjho) L^ tjho T[; iZE/ B{z efjzd/ jB fi; ftu fJ;sohnK s/ pZu/ Pkwb j'D, xo'rh
;wkB th ik fojk j't/.
npdkbh B{z ykb;/ dk T[Zso L^
e'T{ fe;h e' oki B d? j? , i' b?j? fBi pb ;? b?j?.
pkpk dhg f;zx ih tb'A L^
g?i fpod dh ;fsr[o oky?. bki B bkr? :'A f;zx nky? ]
j'fJ Pjhdh w/oh g{oh, pko pko f;zx wzr? Io{oh] (gL gzE gqekP)
ftvkDh ukeoh L^
cwkrI ivfwxI KrI duKwlI Awpu vyic Drmu gvwey ] (246) (rT[Vh wL3 Szs)
Pkj nkbw B/ wkX' okT[ B{z fbfynk nDy Gfonk T[Zso L^
u;w/ wk e'o P[[d ni d;s/ cbe fpjso P[d, sK B phBw fe e[Bw r?o ijKdkohJ/ wk]
101

Gkt L^ uzrk j'fJnk Gkth B/ w/ohnK nZyK B{z nzfBnK eo fdZsk sK fe w? nkgD/ sys s/ fe;/
j'o B{z BK d/y ;eK.
f;zxK dh p/fJsckeh go L^
e"B fBek; ;e? fJBe' fco g/P B ekj/ eh b/; ub? j?]
ip wojNB eh eS[ BKfj pNs sp fenk s[oe/I wI/I oy? j?]
:" ;[Be/ ;G dkB/ ej?A s[w ;u ejh f:j pks ;G? j?]
n"o ;Gh fpX j? f;zx g{oB go fJB w? fJscke B n? j?](gzE gqekP)
wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih L
ehB/ s? g:kB ;[o b'e j{z e' wjkoki, g[zi g[zB g[jwh e/ gb w? gbkB/ j?]
ek eh ehi? UN e"B Psq eh pukt? u'N< r' rohp r[Dh r[D nfs fpbykB/ j?]
ej? i: f;zx ;zgsk fpbkBh pho, n;koh B/ nkB dhj d[zdfG XokB/ j?]
jk:/ wodkB/ ir ikB oDihs f;zx, s/o/ fpB ekB/ izr phu shB ekB/ j?]
& wjkpbh oDihs f;zx j'fJnk g?dk, Bkb I'o s/ w[be fBtk frnk.
w[bskB gP"o ePwho uzpk, izw{ eKrVk e'N dpk frnk]
j'o d/P bZdky s/ uhB s'Vh, f;Zek nkgD/ Bkw ubk frnk]
Pkj w[jzwdk ikB guk; po;K, nSk oi e/ oki ewk frnk ]
d/P dh ejktsL
ykXk ghsk bkj/ dk, pkeh nfjwd Pkj/ dk ]
Pkj ijK tb'A gqkgs ehsk e'jB{o jhok L
fJj ;z;ko gqf;ZX jhok dZyD ftu'A PkjijK B{z fwfbnk, Bkdo Pkj fJ; B{z b[ZN ftu
ekpb b? frnk, T[; s'A fgS'A nfjwd Pkj d/ epI/ ftu nk frnk. nyho wjkokik oDihs
f;zx gk; nk frnk. 10 wkou 1846 B{z e'jB{o jhok nzro/IK B/ ekp{ eoe/ bzvB G/i fdZsk.
102

fJj wbek fteN'ohnk d/ ski ftu bkfJnk frnk. fJ; dk tIB ;kY/ fszB s'b/ s'A e[M
tXhe j?, e[eVh d/ S'N/ nzv/ fizBk j?, Peb nzv/ torh j?.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih dh w"s s/ P'e L
wjkoki e' Poho dkj j's d/y Xho, o'ts/ nwho s/ ceho S'v skp e']
Gky/ nki yke GkJh phoskJh phoB eh, whoB eh whosk nwhoB gqGkt e']
fjzd[B eh fjzd ioh f;zxB eh fizd ioh, r:kB joh ethnB e' io rfJU ncskp e']
G{gs npkdh ioh, btg[o eh rkdh ioh, Io r:' ;[jkr Gkr ;roh gzikp e']
& j;os j? T[B r[zu' g? i' fpB fyb/ w[oMk rJ/.
P/y ;kndh L
w[Ps/ fe pknd ni izr :kd nkfJd, po e[bkJ/ y[d pkfJd Id.
GktL fijVk w[Zek izr s'A fgS'A :kd nkt/ T[j nkgD/ f;o ftu wko'.
wjkokDh fizdk dh jkbs L
BK sVgB/ eh fJIkIs j?, Bk co:kd eh, x[N e/ wo ikT{, f:jh woIh j? fwo/ ;:kd eh ]
fizw/tko s'A fpBK L
izr fjzd gzikp dh j'D bZrh, d't/A pkdPkjh c"iK GkohnK B/.
;D/ x'fVnK gJ/ n;tko fvZrD, jkEh fvrd/ ;D/ nzpkohnK B/.
j't/ nZi ;oeko sK w[Zb gkt/, fijVhnK ykb;/ B/ s/rK wkohnK B/.
Pkj w[jzwdk fJe ;oeko pkM'A, c"iK fiZs e/ nzs B{z jkohnK B/.
& wkok fd:kfo ro w/ w[M e' tsB ;/ d{o, oybh fwo/ y[dk B/ w/oh p/^e;h eh bki]
& :jh e[M :kdrko/ ofj rJh ngBh iwkB/ w/A ]
ec; w/ jZvhnK n"o uko fsBe/ nkPhnkB/ w/A.
w[jZps dofd fjioK, ;kfw rops, wofr Bkekwh,
103

:jh e[M ;[oyhnK fdbu;g j? w/o/ c;kB/ w/A]
Pjhdh iZE/ w'ou/ t/b/ fJT[A rKT[d/ jB L
;[D' ykb;k ih ;kv/ e{u v/o/, n;hA nkyoh cs/ p[bk uZb/]
gkT[ ph s/ ;KG e/ c;b tY', n;hA v'b e/ oZs fgbk uZb/]
u"Aehdko d/ tKr ntki d/ e/, X"A;/ e{u d/ n;hA tik uZb/ ]
s[;hA nkgDh neb dk ezw eoBk, n;hA nkgDh s'V fBGk uZb/]
p/Vk I[bw dk nzs B{z roe j';h, jzM{ y{B e/ n;hA tjk uZb/ ]
gzE r[o{ ek nkg dPw/P okyk, ezv/ jz{M e/ eo ;ck uZb/]
nZr/ ;ke ephbVk pkb pZuk, pKj s[;K d/ jZE cVk uZb/ ]
edh Bkw ;zi'r d/ j'D w/b/, ;fs ;qh nekb rik uZb/]
fuZmhnK dod dhnK L
wjkokik dbhg f;zx ih tb'A L^
n?bt?vB jkb,
w/o/ fgnko/ ;odko ;zs f;zx ih,
s[jkvk ys fwfbnk, w?B{z pVh gq;zBsk j'Jh s[;hA w?B{z i' nkgDh ;/tk g/P ehsh
j?, T[; bJh XzBtkdh jK, go w?B{z fe;/ rZb dh b'V BjhA, ;oeko nzro/Ih B/ w/o/ Bkb fBnk
eoB s'A fJBeko ehsk j?. fJ; bJh 6 d;zpo B{z fJzrb?Av SZv fdnKrk, w?A u[Zg ukg fdZbh
ftu fNekDK eoKrk, feT[Afe j[D w?A pVk rohp jK, w?B{z fJj wkb{w eoe/ pVh y[Ph j'Jh j?
fe s[;hA w/oh ;tortk;h wksk d/ ;pzXh j', s[;hA ikDd/ j' fe j[D w?A fco nkgD/ tfvnK dk
Xow XkoB eo fbnk j?, w?A s[jkB{z tkfjr[o{ ih dh cs/j p[bKT[dk jK.
nes{po 6, 1885
s[jkvk fgnkok ;pzXh.
dbhg f;zx.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
2H ekoNB ebZp
104

gkb wkb n?; vpb:{.
w/o/ fgnko/ ;odko ih,
tkfjr[o{ ih dh csfj.
s[jkvk ys fwfbnk, w?B{z pVh gq;zBsk j'Jh go w?A s[jkB{z ;bkj fdnKrk fe
s[;hA r"ofwzN dh nkfrnk fpBK w/o/ e'b BK nkT[DK. feT[Afe fJ; soK eoB Bkb s[;hA oki
eowukohnK Bkb n?At/ fpgsk Bk ;j/V bt'.
w? gotko ;w/s fJ;/ wjhB/ dh 31 sohy sZe fJzrb?Av SZvD dk fJokdk eo
j'o d/o j' ikt/, w?A s[jkB{z fJj rZb dZ;D dh b'V gqshs BjhA eodk fe T[j nkgD/ nzfwqs
SeD ;w/A ^ fi; dk gqpzX w/o/ uu/ok Gok ;L mkeo f;zx ;zXktkbhnk B/ ehsk j? s[jkvh
w"i{drh dh fezBh gq;zBsk j't/rh. w?A Gkos tkg; nT[D bJh fsnko jK, Gkt/A r"ofwzN w/o/
T[go gZSwh gqKs ftu mfjoD s'A vo wzBdh j? s/ w?B{z T{Nkewzv ftu oZyDK ukj[zdh j?, w?A
nkgD/ ;fsr[o s/ g{ok Go';k eo fbnk j?, w?A nkgDh G[Zb pyPkT[D bJh T[BQK dh PoB ftu
nkfJnK jK w?B{z fBPuk j? fe T[j w?B{z fBokP BjhA eoBr/.
wkou 9, 1886
s[jkvk fwZso ns/ ;[Gfuzse,
dbhg f;zx.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3H bzvB 25 wkou 1886
w/o/ fgnko/ d/P tk;hU,
Gkos ftu nk e/ ofjD s/ t;D dh w/oh fJZSk BjhA ;h, go ;fsr[o{ ;G d/
ftXksk jB, T[j ;op PeshwkB jB w?A T[BQK dk G[ZbV ns/ s[ZS iht jK w/oh fJZSk Bk j'D
go th w?A ;fsr[o d/ j[ew ftu fJzrb?Av fsnkr e/ Gkos nktKrk s/ ;XkoD o{g ftu
ojKrk, w?A ;fsr[o{ ih dh fJZSk ;kjwD/ f;o fBtkT[Adk jK T[BQK dh i' woih j't/rh T[jh
j't/rk, fgnko/ ykb;k` w?A tZfvnK dk Xow fsnkr nBws rqfjD eoB bJh fywK wzrdk jK
w?B{z id'A fJ;kJh pDkfJnk frnk, w/oh T[wo pj[s S'Nh ;h. pzpJh g[Zi e/ w?A f;Zy Xow
XkoB eo btKrk ns/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ns/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh nkfrnk dk gkbD
eoKrk. w/oh pj[s fJZSk go th w?A gzikp nk e/ s[jkB{z BjhA fwb ;eKrk fJ; bJh fJj
fuZmh fbyD bJh wIp{o jK. wjkokDh fteN'ohnk ftu i' w/oh Xow Grsh ;h, w?A T[; dk
T[fus cb gk fbnk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih dh fJZSk g{oB j't/.
;qh tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k, ;qh tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj]
105

fgnko/ d/P tk;hU,
w?A jK s[jkvk bj{ s/ wk;,
dbhg f;zx.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
rofdP e/ o'Irko eh fjb ikfJ fi;ek fdb]
fJB;kB j' e/ ew j? doys'A ;/ PkB w/A]
gZEo th nkgBk nkg G{b rJ/ L^
e[Bw ;d ;o fcdkJ/ gk:/, ;hsk
fu :esk ;o fu dj sk ;o fu ;hsk ]
uhI j?]
noEks L ;hsk e/ uoD'A w/ ;" ;o fBSkto eo d{zrk, J/e ;o d' ;o shB ;o fenk
&
;ko/ ijK ;/ nZSk fjzd';sK jwkok, jw p[bp[b/ j? T[;eh, pj p';sk jwkok]
&
wjkokik dbhg f;zx dh nzfwqs SeD dh fJZSk B{z t/y e/ nzro/IK B/ id'A
1886 ngq?b B{z ndB gj[zfunk wbek fteN'ohnk B/ rtoBo B{z skoK fdZshnK. wjkokik
fJzrb?Av s'A coK; s'A iowBh o{; dh okiXkBh pobB, T[E'A okjdkoh pDk e/ o{; gj[zuk,
wk;e' rIN d/ ;zgkde B/ ;jkfJsk ehsh, Iko B{z fwfbnk go ;jkfJsk Bk fwbh, 15 d;zpo
1887 B{z T[; dh XowgsBh pzpk dh w"s j' rJh. 1887 dhnK nypkoK ftu fJe fuZmh Sgh
gpfbe s'A, Gkos tk;hnK s'A 1^1 g?;k, gzikphnK s'A 1^1 nkB/ dh wzr ehsh go fe;/
;jkfJsk BK ehsh, wjkokDh fteN'ohnk B/ fywk eo fdZsk s/ w[V fJzrb?Av nk frnk. coK;
ftu T[; B/ fJe nzro/I bVeh J/HvhH t?dob Bkb Pkdh ehsh. wjkokik B{z sgfde dk o'r j'
frnk. fJ;/ Bkb nyho 23 nes{po 1893 JhL B{z wfjZNok dh soQK g?fo; d/ rKv j'Nb ftu
w"s j' rJh.
J/esk L y{z or/ wIB{z ;/ fBebk, c;d b?bh eh i' bh,
noE L b?bh e/ ;oho eh B; y'bs/ jh wIB{z e/ ;oho ;/ o[fXo pjB/ brk.
fptjkoe J/esk L gsh e' c{b eh br ;dwk B;hw ek PpBw e/
eso/ nky ;/ T[Beh Nge gV/.
106

1H ;dwk^ m/; 2H B;hw^ ;t/o eh mzvh jtk 3H PpBw^n'A;.
& eodBh yp/P nkwdBh g/P] ukjezdk ok ukj do g/P ]
noE L i?;h eoBh t?;h GoBh, e{g yB/ i' n"o e' ske' e{nk fsnko.
&
Bk:wkswk pbjhB/B bG: L
noE L ewI'o eh dkb JhPto e/ xo th BjhA rbsh.
&
ezuB j't/ ehu w/, fpP w/ nzfwqs j'J/]
fpfdnk Bkoh Bhu w/, shB' bhi/ ;'fJ]
&
d'P nI w;fId ;{J/ w:ykBk nkwd gho/^wk
uh;s :kokB/ ^ sohes pkd nIh sdpho/^wk ]
noE L eb oksoh jwkok r[o{ wzfdo ;/ wfdok rqj w/ nk:k, J/ wo:kdk tkb/ b'e'
np jwkok fenk eost j?.
fwqs{ e' gqkgs j{J/ L Pp j' jtk j' X{g j' s[cK j' S/V SkV ]
izrb w/ g/V ep fJBj/ bks/ j?A fXnkB w/]
&
pokJ/ fBjkdB u/ ;zr' u/ Io.
noE L oy S'vB/ e/ fbJ/ i?;/ gZEo s?;/ ;'Bk, dkB g[zB fpBK wk:k fe; ezw j?.
&
pzdk j{z p/y[dk, pzd/ w/o/ y[dk j?.
noE L b'e ;/tk jh JhPto ;/tk j?.
&
r[i;sk ypkp' nk:zdk y:kbs] rBhws dk jwh dw ok fe jkb;s.
j? ;wM b?.
noE L G{s ekb ;gB j?, GftP ekb nB[wkB j? n"o tj ;w: toswkB jh rBhws
& dcB eoBk w[M e' e[J/A^ :ko w/ . e[po/ p[bp[b eh pB/ r[bIko w/A .
j?.
noE L w/o/ eh rbh w/ w[M/ rkvBk feT[Afe p[bp[b gzSh eh ;wkXh pkr w/A jh pBsh
107

&
xo pBkT{ yke fJ; djPs w/ Bkf;jk. nkJ/ ip wId{o w[M e' r'o eoB :kd nk.
noE L J/ T[gd/Pe ` fJ; fGnzeo ;z;ko w/A fenk xo pBKT{ ip wId{o nkJ/ s'
w[M/ epo y'dB/ tkb/ :kd nk rJ/.
& g:/ fJbw u{z ;Zw: pk:d r[dkys ]
noE L ftfdnk e/ bhJ/ w'wpsh eh Gksh fgxbBk ukjhJ/.
&
nkp/ dfonk pj/ s/ p/jso, fJzB;K otK oj/ s' p/jso]
noE L Bdh ek ib pjsk oj/ s' nZSk, wB[Zy ubsk oj/ s' T[sw.
&
&
gho ;' fp:k w'I L fpoX nt;Ek gq:zs gVQd/ ikT[.
j[p p[btsB nI w[be/^;[b/wK y[Pso, yko/ tsB nI ;Qwp[b'A o?jK y[;so.
noEL ;t?d/P sK ;[b/wkB e/ d/P ;/ Gh fgnkok j'sk j?.
;t?d/P ek eKNk s' ;[zpb n"o o?jK(;[rzXs g"dk n"o xk;) ;/ Gh T[sw j'sk j?.
&
nro fcod'P po o{:/ IwhB;s] jwhB ;s' jwhB ;s' jwhB ;s]
noE L fgqEth go ;tor j? s' :jh j?, :jh j?, :jh j?.
&
gkBh Bk tj/ s' T[;w/ p{ nkJ/] yzio B ub/ s' w'ouk ykJ/]
rodP p/ pVk fwjo' wkj ek gk:k ] rodP ;/ cbe B/ n"i e' gk:k]
1H p{^ d[orzX 2H w'ouk^izr 3H rodP^GowD 4H fwjo'^;{oi 5Hwkj^uzdq 6H
gk:k^gdth 7H cbe^nkekP 8H n"i^T{uk gd.
&
woBk Gbk j? T[;ek i' ngB/ fb:/ fi:/ . ihsk j? tj i' wo u[ek fJzB;kB eh fb:/.
& JhA ik i[i JhA fe iK pf;gkozd B/;s ]
noE L f;tk ikB d/B/ e/ n"o e'Jh T[gkt BjhA j?.
& P/o ;hXk s?osk j? pes/ ^ ocsB nkp w/A ]
noE L gkBh eh Xkok nzdo P/o ;hXk s?osk j?]
&
p/rkBk ro BIo gV/, s{z nkPkBk e' d/y, d[PwB ro nkJ/ ;kwB/, s' Gh y[dk e' d/y]
108

d'jk Li' e[M dhy/ irs w/A ;G JhPto ;/ YKg,
eo' u?B fJ; fsnkr ;/, XB bkbu ;/ eKg]
s[wkok ;kwoki s' ;Zuk j? L^
& pkj` fenk jh fgnkok BePk j? nky'A ek cb fwbk, T[; ;'jD/ B"itkB ek ihBk ;cb
j{nk.
wjb T[;ek fi;eh Sksh g? j? jho iV/ j{J/. e';' e[ij p npo e/ god/ sB/ j{J/.
& w;Bd p[bzd sys j? gops jok Gok] n"o Si d/tdko ek j? uzto M{bsk.
Brw/ ;[ohB/ U e/ j? T[;;/ nk oj/. BdhU gfozd/ :kd w/ j?A ;[o fwbk oj/]
p/j'P' fj; j? rou/ gVk ykb eh soj] d[Bhnk j? T[;e/ g?o e/ c[Npkb eh soj.
e?;h :j ;bsBs j? nZd{ ek fBPk BjhA ] fi; iK Bk oki w/ok j' n?;k weK BjhA.
feT[A dKJ/ ;/ T[o pkJ/ ;/ w[V ikJ/ Bk nky/ ] ip ozr j' fdbypko s' i[V iKd/ Bk nky/.
1H e[ij & fJzdq XB[y, 2H npo&w/x wzvb
1H w;Bd & ;EkB, fNekBk 2H p[bzd&T[Zuk 3Hsys&nk;B 4Hd/tdko& fpqS 5H
Brw/& X[Bh 6H gfozd/& gePh 7H p/j'P'& fBju/PN nt;Ek 8H nZd{ & Pso{ 9H iK&;EkB]
vN eo yVk j{z, y'c ;/ ykbh ijkB w/A, s;ehB/ fdb Goh j? w/o/ fdb w/ ikB w/.
;{zx/ IwK weK j? w/o/ g?o fw;b/ ;r ] w? e?;/ nk ;e{z j{z e?d/^p:kB w/.
y[P yVk d[Bhnk eh Ss go j{z swkPk d/ysk] rjprj d/sk brk j{z pfjP:' eh ;h ;dk]
pkdPkj d[fBnk e/ w[jo/ w/oh Psozi e/, fdbZrh eh ukb j? ;G ozr ;[bj' izr e/]
oeP Pkdh ;/ w/o/ ip eKg T[msh j? iwhA, d/y eo w? fybfybksk ejejksk j{z pjh]
& ;Gh G{wh r'gkb eh, :k w/ nNe ejk < ike/ wB w/ nNe j? ;' jh nNe ojk]
& tj^ e"B ;k T[edk j? i' pk j' BjhA ;edk]
noE L tj e"B ;h rqzEh j? i' y[b BjhA ;edh]
& y[d s' w[;Bc tkS J/ iK Jh fBe' :k nK fBe']
109

noE L J/ fgnko/ s{z ;t:z fBnkJh pB fe :j nZSk j? :k tj nZSk fenk nktPesk j? fe
gqfeosh s[we' vzv/ wko wko f;ykJ/, y[Ph ;/ feT[A Bk ;hy/.
& yK e[B uPwjk^J/^e";oh ok, e";o(Bdh) e/ ;'s'A tjB/ d' ]
& nro ;{oi j' w/oh dkJhA soc, n"o uKd j' pKJh ikBp yVk.
ej/ w[M ;/ ro d'B'A p; np o[e', B wkB{z eGh ejBk T[Bek iok]
& Uok pk uPw/^gke spK dhd u{z fjbkb ] jo dhdk ibtrkj/ nk wkj gkok B/;s]
noE L gftsq nky ;/ s{z T[; fgqnsw e' fdtshnK e/ uzdqkd/: e/ ;wkB d/y ;edk j?, gqzs{
jo J/e nKy T[; uzdqw[yh d/ doPB BjhA eo ;edh]
My strength is as the strength of ten, Because my heart is pure, I never felt the kiss of
love, Nor maiden’s hand in mine. (Tennyson)
noE L d; Bt:[te' eh w[M w/A Pesh j? feT[Afe w/ok fjodk gftZso j?, ekwkPes
j' eo s' w?B/ eGh gq/w e/ u[zpB ek nB[Gt Bjh ehnk j? n"o Bk jh so[Dh e/ e'wb eo ;goP
ek] pqjwuoi dh fdqVsk eoe/ jh fJsBk pb j?.
& iZBs goZ;s Ikfjd ep je goZ;s j?< d{o'A g? wo ojk j? :j Pjps^goZ;s j?]
noEks L i' p?e[zm eh ekwBk ukjsk j? tj pqjw dk T[gk;e e?;/ j' ;edk j?< tj s'
ng;okT[A eh fJZSk oZysk j? n"o ekwkPes j?.
& ;[bwkBk fp:ko nzr[Psoh ok ]
J/ ;[b/wkB nzr{mh e' bk ip nzr{mh fwb rJh fco GNeDk fe; bhJ/.
wBw[yK dhnK rZbK L g{ik gkm th ezw j?, p[fYnK dk, p/PZe f;Bwk dk t/y e'Jh
P' nkT[DK, ed/ ed/ r[od[nko/ th j' nkT[Dk, Gkt/A eVkj gqPkd d/ fgZS/ jh j' nkT[Dk.
&
d[Bhnk nIp ;okJ/ ckBh d/yh, jo uhI :jK eh nkBh ikBh d/yh.
i' nk e/ Bk ikJ/ t'j p[Ykgk d/yk, i' ik e/ Bk nkJ/ t'j itkBh d/yh]
& d';s'A e/ ;dw/ ;j/ j?, fJ; edo ikB g? ]
fdb;/ d[PwD'A eh ndkts ek frbk iksk ojk.
&
w[mh whNh ;h d/P gzikp dh ih, gZrK dkVhnK dh oZy' bki :ko'.
110

Pkj w[jzwdk wko e/ wo' J/E/, ;kvk d/P Bk j'J/ w[Eki :ko']
&
i/ d'Xh d/ xo ubh iKdh, d[ZX wZyDK Bkb B[jk fdzdk]
ubh iKdh i/ fe;/ ;[fBnko d/ xo s?B{z rfjfDnK Bkb ;ik fdzdk]
gkbk g? iKdk i/eo Bkb doIh Bkb c?PBk g{oh pDk fdzdk]
s?B{z gsk J/ PkfJo eh eoB i'rk< u[Ze/ P/no s/ uko ;[Dk fdzdk]
&
nkok fgnkok brs j? ekok eo' pBkfJ.
f;o iKdk sT[ ikfJ w/ok f;Zyh f;de B ikJ/](wsh dk;)
&
s[M/ d/y/ s' fco n"o'A e' feB nky'A ;/ jw d/y/A]
:/ nky/ c{N ikJ/ rofu fJB nky'A ;/ jw d/y/A]
&
joik fe ;[bsK yhwK id r'rk B wkBd nkw ok]
noE L fi; ;EkB go okin fXoki B/ v/ok vkbk pjK ;kXkoD b'r'A ek r[b^rgkVk
Bk ojk.
d'jk L wks fgsk ;[s e' si?, f;y r[o{ si iks]
G{y t; iB fpgs w?, e:k e:k eos B pks]
&
&
yto/ eh ysk, w/oh bkb T[wo u'A T[rh Bhbh Gkt[esk]
w[cs ftu pdBkw j' e/ ofj rfJU, d; s{z yZfNnk eh U w/o/ sofbnk]
= I shall lose no time in reading this book.
= Books serve for study for and delight.
&
y[dk e/ pzd/ s' j? jiko' ] pB' w/ fcos/ j? wko/ wko/
w? s'A pzdk pB{zrk T[;ek, fi;e' y[dk e/ pzd' ;/ fgnko j'rk]
&
&
ikB dh j{Jh T[;h eh Eh, je s' :{z e/ je ndk Bk j{nk]
do jehes wkbe/ jo P? y[dk n;s ] JhA nwkBs uzd o'Ik po wk n;s]
111

&
ib fpzd{ fBgks/B g{ohns/ xNk ;k j/s{ ;ot ftfdnkBz Xowk;: XBk u L^
gkDh dh p{zd p{zd Bkb xVk Go iKdk j?. E'Vh E'Vh ftfdnk Bkb ftdtkB pD iksk j?.
E'Vk e[ XB i[VB Bkb XBtkB ns/ E'Vk Xow eoB Bkb XowtkB pB iksk j?.
Keep family at a distance.
fe;/ nkdwh B{z nkgDk tkec B pDB d/DK]
ejkts^ G/sh u{Vk Pohe dh fBnkJhA.
&
;/tsfpU wjK fpqyPk, cb SkfJnk ;[wBtsk
:dh d/tks cbz Bk;sh ;kfJnk e/B fBtkohns/
nBfrBs b'r' B/ d[Bhnk w/A, w[jZps eh j?.
e"B efjsk j? fe ;kfde B E/ iip/ T[Be/ b/feB T[B e/ bhJ/
sPjho ek ;wkB BjhA feT[Afe t'j b'r Gh ngBh jh soQK w[cb; ;/]
& PkfJoh eh NKr, feT[ s'Vsk j? p/j[Bo, f;no efjB/ ek ;bhek, ;hy w/bk rw ;/]
&
;[Zsk jK fJ; epo ftu, w[odk ebk u w[Ve/ gkJh, ;h ikB fi;B/]
w/o/ u xkN i' j?, e[dos u th Bjh T[j w?E' tXhe ;'jDk]
B fuskfonk fe;/ B/ y[d p'bs/ fuso id PpdK dh b'V fco eh <
frUN' w/A Bkw w/ok bzph Biw d/ Bkb'A pj[tkosk ;[Dktk]
&
&
n? tsB s/ohnK e[M j'o jtktK u'oh eoe/ ;kjtK okjh uZfbnk jK]
U yuo/ ;keh J/E/ mfj mfj m[eoKT[d/ fgnkb/ d/ ikw ;[okjh,
e'Jh gk ght/ SNkeh, s/oh j[D Bjh ubDh ubkeh, U yuo/ ;keh]
okiBhsh tke L^ ukeo, oki, r[wkPsk (tgkoh dk w[BPh) G{s, f;ZfX, XB,SkT[.
fJB gqshs B ehihJ/ i?;/ w[B/o/ ekT[]
& jN? j[zv{ i?;gkS/, f;zx ;[euh ykfJ, G/v{
112

XB[y j/Vh, nfj, fpbkJh, fBt? i:'A d[ydkfJ]
s:'A PZso{ i:' jN? gkS?, fBt? nkdo d/fj]
tfj d[yd nfs;? ikB p[X iB, Bfj ft;kj[ eo/j[ ]
1H XB[y j/Vh& fPekoh,
& c{b fybB/ Gh B gkfJnk Ek fe y[d w[oMk frnk ]
&
r?o s/ r?o j?, r?o'A ;/ fPekfJs e?;h,
nki ngB' ;/ Gh fdb s'V dhnk j? :ko' ]
&
jw Go/ p?m/ E/ feT[A nkgB/ S/Vk jwe',
jkJ/ ewpys e' fe; tes y[dk :kd nkfJnk.
&
&
woI/ fJPe pYsk frnk fiT[A fiT[A dtk eh]
BPk fgbk frokBk s' ;G e' nksk j?]
wIk s' sp j?, i' fros/ e' Ekw b/ ;keh.
&
Pjhd eh i' w"s j? t'j e"w eh j:ks j?]
fj:ks s' fj:ks j? t'j w"s Gh fj:ks j?]
= The blood of the martyre is the seed church.
Pjhd dk y{B Xow dk phI j[zdk j?.
= Panth was organised to led humanity.
&
&
&
&
gzE wkBtsk dh nrtkJh iZE/pzd ehsk frnk j?](efBzxw)
w/oh ikB b? b? ikBhnk, fJj' e[M j? jkb/ s/o/ tk;s/]
fcos/ j? who yko e'Jh g{Ssk Bjh]
p fInkos Jh w[ekw/ w[ed; uPw/ wB o'PB pk,
fdb wB Pkd ;[d & w[es;o d/ doPB dh wfjwk ]
113

&
jwkoh nkg eh jo J/e eh jkbs :jh j'rh,
ftrV ikJ/rh ip ;{os s' fco ;{os :jh j'rh]
P/no L oehp' B/ ogN fbytk dh j?, ik ik e/ EkB/ w/A ]
fe nepo Bkw b/sk j?, y[dk ek fJ; iwkB/ w/A ] (nepo fJbkjkpkdh)
e"D ikDdk Bjh nekbhnK B{z, pVhnK xkbBktK fJjBK xkbhnK B/.
fJzBQK oKfMnk f;oK d/ tkb dht/, eohnK d[opbK d/ xoh dhtkbhnK B/.
fJj T[j wod B/ fiBQK B/ esbrkj ftu, w"s t/y uVdhnK bkbhnK B/.
fEVeD N"o ftu edh BjhA nkT[D fdZsh, ikBK jhb e/ ikohnK gkbhnK B/]
f;de gofynk ;?AeV/ wzB{nK B/, toyh s/i jikoK npdkbhnK B/]
go fJfsjk; rtkj j? ykb;k ih, fiZs/ w'ou/ ;dk nekbhnK B/]
(16 cotoh 1983 p[ZXtko, o'IkBk nihs)
1H fJe nekb g[oy
114

J/ek J/ezeko fby fdykfbnk] T{Vk Unzeko gk; pmkfbnk]
2 (d' dh frDsh)
2Hd' neko L^ pqjw s/ wkfJnk. JhP_o s/ iht .
pqjwk ih d/ d' g[so L
;zG{w[B s/ ;so{gk.
okwuzdq ih d/ d' g[so L bj{ s// e[P{ .
bSwB ih d/ d' g[so L sy s/ nzes .
PsqxB ih d/ d' g[so L
GoE ih d/ d' g[so L
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ d' g[soL
;qh r[o{ nzrd d/t ih d/ d' g[soL
fGos s/ e[bhB.
GbB s/ uzdo e/s.
pkpk f;oh uzd s/ bfywh dk; ih.
dks{ ih s/ dk;{ ih.
;qh r[o{ nwo dk; ih d/ d' g[soL w'jB ih s/ w'joh ih .
;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ih d/ d' g[soL okw okfJ s/ ;qh r[o{ jfo feqPB ;kfjp ih .
3 (fszB dh frDsh)
3H fszB d/ts/L^ pqjwk, ftPB{z, fPt .
fszB PeshnKL^
fszB d/tfsnK dhnK 3 gqeko dh fefonk L^
fszB gqeko d/ eow ^
fszB gqeko d/ g[oP^
;o[;sh, bSwh, gkopsh.
T[sgsh,gkbDk,;zxko.
gqkopX, ;zfus s/ feo/wkB.
T[sw, wfXw, efBPN.
fszB gqeko d/ ;kXB^ ;otB, wBB, fBfXnk;D .
fszB gqeko dh gqkopX^
fJZSk, nfBSk, gofJSk.
115

1HfJZSk^nkgDh fJSk nB[;ko gdkoE gqkgs j'Dk.
2HnfBSk^fJSk s'A pr?o nukBe jh gdkoE nk e/ gqkgs j'Dk.
3HgofJSk^gqkJ/ g[oP dh fJSk nB[;ko gdkoE gqkgs j'Dk.
fszB gqeko dh gqkopX ^
wzd gqkopX, wXw gqkopX s/ shpo gqkopX.
1H wzd gqkopX^ E'V/ g[oPkoE eoB Bkb d{o j' iKdh j?.
2H wXw gqkopX^ftP/P g[oPkoE eoB Bkb d{o j' iKdh j?.
3H shpo gqqkopX^ fe;/ Gh g[oPkoE eoB Bkb d{o j' iKdh j?.
fszB gqeko dh fsqg[Nh ^ fXnksk fXnkB X/:
frnksk frnkB r/:
gqwksk gqwkB gqw/:
. . .
iht B/sq t;s{
;zgqdkJh fszB nkBzd^ ;qtBkBzd doPBkBzd G'rkBzd.
Pk;sqe fszB nBzd^ pqjwkBzd GiBkBzd ftP:Bzd.
fszB b'e ^ ;_or b'e wks b'e gskb b'e.
T[u ;EkB wX ;EkB v{zxk ;EkB
fszB r[D ^ oi' r[D ;s' r[D sw' r[D.
fszB wIp ^ fjzd{ w[;bwkB f;y.
fszzB o'r ^ tk:{ fgs ec.
fszB JhyDk ^ ;[s fts b'e JhyDk(shBh).
fszB fpt;Ek ^ ikrqs ;[gB ;y'gs.
fszB nt;Ek ^ pkbe i'pB fpqX.
fszB ekb ^ G{s toswkB Gftys.
fszB BdhnK ^ rzrk iwBk ;o[;sh.
116

. . .
Grsh eow eEk pqjw ftfdnk
fszB BdhnK d/ ozr^ fuZNk ekbk bkb
fszB ;o{g pqjw d/^ t?okN fjoBÎroG JhP_o
fszB ;o{g iht d/ ^ ftP_ s/iP gqkr
fszB gqeko d/ nkswk^ fwfEnk nkswk r"D nkswk w[yÎ nkswk
(n;E{b ;oho) (;pzXh) (e{N;E gqwkswk)
fszB ;oho ^ ;E{b ;oho ;{yw ;oho ekoB ;oho
fszB gqeko d/ eow^ g[zB eow gkg eow fw;qs eow
fszB jh eowK d/ ;kXB^ wB pkDh ;oho
fszB gqeko d/ puB PkPsqK d/^ o'ue fGnkBe :EkoE
fszB gqeko dk ;pzX^ ;zi'r ;pzX ;wtkfJ ;pzX skdksw ;pzX
fszB okDhnK
(oki/ d;oE dhnK) e[Pb:k ;[fwsqk ee/Jh
fszB uj[wk;/^ 1) u/s ft;ky i/m jkV .
2) ;ktD Gkdo'A nZ;{ eZse.
3) wZxo g'j wkx cZrD .
fszB tkd^ fdqPNh f;qPNh tkd gqDkw tkd fttos tkd
fszB ;Zsk^ ftjkoe ;Zsk gqkshGkPe ;Zsk gqwkoE;Zsk.
fszB gqeko d/ f;XKsh^ ntS/d tkdh nGkP tkdh gqfsfpzp tkdh.
fszB BkVhnK :'rws nB[;ko^ fJVk fgzrbk ;[ywBk.
r[ows nB[;ko gqw/;o gqkgsh d/ fszB ;kXB ^
jT[w? dk fsnkr Bkw dk ikg GkDk fwmk eoe/ wzBDK
fszB nrBhnk ^
1H imo nrBh^(g/N fty/ nzB B{z jIw eodh j?).
2HpVtk nrBh^(;w[zdo d/ gkDh B{z ;[eKdh j?)
3H dktk nrBh^ (gqsZy u[Zb/ fty/ pkbh dh j?)
117

fszB d'P nzsjeoD d/^ wb fty/g ntoB
fszBK d'PK dh Bftosh d/ fszB jh ;kXB^
1H wb d'PL^
gkgK dh Bftosh, fBPekw eowK s'A j[zdh j?. fJj p[ZXh dk wbhBsk o{gh d'P j[zdk j?.
2H ftS/g d'PL^
ftP/ ftekoK dh gqpbsk eoe/ wB dk uzub ofjDK, GiB dh xkN ekoB j?. T[gkPBK fXnkB
eoB s'A Bftosh j[zdh j?.
3H nktoD d'P L^ nzsPeoD s/ nfrnkB dk godk pqjw dh ;Zsk Bk ;wMD eoe/ j[zdk j?.
iht fBozeko B{z G[Zb iKdk j?. Bftosh frnkB s'A j't/ j?.
fszB gqeko dk gVQBK^^
1) T[;s yK^ gVQ e/ jofJe Bkb j[is eoBh fJj jZvhnK dk uZpDK j?.
2) r';s yK ^ gVQ e/ gho pD e/ pfj ikDk s/ ;G s'A nkgDh g{ik eokT[Dh fJj wk; dk
ykDk j?.
3) wrifj ^ gVQ e/ f;XKs B{z rqfjD eoBK fJj wrI dk ykDK j?.
(BZe d/ yZp/ gk;/ fJVk, ;Zi/ fgzrbk ns/ d'jK d/ ftueko ;[ywBk)
fszB skg 1H nkfX 2H fpnkfX 3H T[gkfX.
1H nkfX L wB d/ eoe/ fuzsk d/ ofjD s'A i' d[Zy j't/.
2H fpnkfXL ;oho nkfd d[y s'A i' eb/P j't/.
3H T[gkfXL fe;/ gqeko y'N/ puB ;[D e/ i' d[y j't/.
t/dKs nB[;ko 1)nfXnksfwe^ i' nftfdnk okr dt?P no ito nkfde eoe/ ;B n"o
wB n"o d/j ftu j[zd/ jB T[BQK B{z nfXnkswe skg efjzd/ jB, ito Bkw skg dk j?.
2) nfXG"se^ i' Pso{ ;og nkfdeK d/ vo s'A j[zd/ jB, T[BQK B{z nfXG"se efjzd/ jB .
3)nfXd?fte^ i' ;odh rowh poyk nkfde Bkb j[zd/ jB, T[BQK B{z nfXd?te skg fejk iKdk
j?.
d'jokL ;so[ o'r ip T[gi/ sd/ eo/ fs; Bk;]
fgS'A eoB ftBkj fs; pj[sk d/ ;zskg.]
:Ek L nkb; ;/ o[i Pso[ eh ng/y:k i'fJ] fsB d'B'A ;/ fs;h ek Bk; gSkB' b'fJ]
118

iBw sjh o[i ;sq ek i' Bfj eosk Bk;] nfs pb:[s :dfg nj/ fsB;/ j's
gqBk;](gzuszsq)
fszB G/d^
1) ;iksh:^ T[;/ ikfs ftu G/d j'DK.
2) ftiksh:^ d{ih iks dk G/d j'DK.
3) ;_?rs^ nkgD/ jh ;oho ftu G/d eoB tkb/ nzr fuzBQ nkfde.
fszB G/d wzrbk uoD d/ ^
1H t;s{ fBod/Pnkswe^ rqzE ftu fi; dk fIeo eoBk j? T[; d/ jh r[D, wfjwk, bZSD,
p'X eokT[D tkbk wzrb fit/A > ;fsBkw[ eosk g[oy[ fBoGT[ fBot?o[ nekb w{ofs ni{Bh
;?Gz r[o gq;kfd]
2H nkPhotkd nkswe^ fi; s'A efbnkD dh ekwBk ehsh ikt/, fit/A ^ v'bB s/ okyj[ gqG{
BkBe d/ efo jE](256)
3H BwPeko nkswe^ fi; ftu gqDkw ehsk ikt/, fit/A^
gqDt' nkfd J/ezekok. Bw;eko r[od/t eT[. vzvT[fs pzdB nfBe pko.
ykb;/ d/ fszB r[D s/ eosZp
1H id'A Xow s/ GhV pD/ Xow dh okyh eodk j'fJnk jo e[opkBh eo/.
2H d/P s/ fpgsk ;w/A nIkdh bJh t?ohnK Bkb bVQe/ Pjhdh gqkgs eo/.
3H rT{ rohp dh I[bw j[zdk j't/ y{B dh nj{sh d/ e/ I[bw o'e/, p/fJB;kch I[bw fto[ZX bV/.
sq? puB
1. imlby kI mihmw brin n swkau nwnk prY prIlw ]2] (498)
2H ;opZs r[of;y fJeZm/ gzrs ftZu p?m e/ Sfenk eo'.
3H GiBhe GKt/A fe;/ wIjp dk j't/ jo fJe Bkb sB' wB' gq/w ehsk eo'.
fszB r[D
tkfjr[o{ ih B/ gfjb/ wkfJnk ouh fco fszB r[D g?dk ehs/, ;s', oi', sw'. ;s' dk
d/tsk ftPB{z ;G dh gkbDk eoB/ tkbk, oi' dk d/tsk pqjwk ;G dh T[sgsh eoB/ tkbk, sw'
dk d/tsk fPtih ;G dh b?sk eoB tkbk. ;s' oi' sw' O Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o;, rzX,
nZmK uhiK d/ fwbkg dk Bkw wkfJnk j?.
119

fszB ;oDK
1H p/Bsh eoBh s/o/ fpBK w/ok e'Jh ;jkfJe BjhA.
2H XzBtkd eoBK fpgsk ;w/A nkg ih B/ pukfJnk j? s/ w?A s/ok ;dk bJh ;/te jK.
3H nkgDk nkg e[opkB eoBK, jo irQK fwZsok s{z jh BIo nKT[dk j?.
gfjbh ;s ;zrs eoBh, d{i/ ;/tk eoBk, shik ngDk nkg r[o{ Bz{ fBSkto eo d/DK, fJj
fszB ;oDK jB.
fszB ;okX L^ fJzBK ;okXK d/ w[y fszB G/d jB
1Hy:kjh 2HgkopD 3Hwjkb:
fJzBK dk t/otk fJ; gqeko j?L^
1Hfgso d/ woB tkb/ wjhB/ ns/ T[;/ fEs tkb/ fdB ;okX eoBK fynkjh nytkT[Adk j?.
2Hnwkt;, g{oBwkPh tkb/ fdBK go i' fe Pq/;N fdB frD/ iKd/ jB, :kBh g[opK go i'
;okX nkfde dk eoBk j? T[j gkopD nytkT[Adk j?.
3H n;{ d/ jB/o/ gy ftZu fgZsoK B{z fsqgs eoBk wjkb: ;okX nytKT[dk j?.
fJj fszB soK d/ ;okX jB
(r[LgqGkeo)
fgZsoK dh fsqgsh wB{ f;zwqsh nB[;ko L^
fsb, i"A, wKj, soekohnK nkfde d/D Bkb fJe wjhBK fgso fsqgs ofjzd/ jB. wZSh d/
wk; Bkb d' wjhB/, joB dk wk; ykD Bkb fszB wjhB/, whAY/ d/ wk; Bkb uko wjhB/,
gfozfdnK d/ wk; Bkb gzi wjhB/, peo/ d/ wk; Bkb S/ wjhB/ n"o M'N/ iK ;{o d/ wk; Bkb
d; wjhB/ se fgso fsqgs ofjzd/ jB, yho d/D Bkb fJZe ;kb fsqgs ofjzd/ jB. eZN/ ykDK
pqkjwDK dh nZb PkfJd sK jh g? u[Zeh j?. r[owfs ftu ;okX wBQK j?.
u[bh L^ bVeh dh Pkdh ;w/ u[bh SZv e/ ;zebg eoBk, 2H fgZsoK d/ Bfws ;okXK
;w/ u[b/ Svd/ jB iZN s'A u[bh SvkT[D fit/A pqkjwD efjzdk ejKT[dk j? iiwkBK s'A fet/A L^
gzfvs ih ^ b? jZE eo, fiwhAdko ^ b? jE eo ] gzfvs ih ^ b? cVQ noxk, fiwhAdko^ b?
cVQ noxk]gzfvs ih ^ UJ/ J/dK BK p'b, fiwhAdko ^ UJ/ J/dK Bk p'b . gzfvs ih ^
p/te{c, fiwhdko ^ p/te{c] fJB/ B{z d't/A x;[B' x;[Bh j' rJ/. gzfvs ih p'b/^ p; GJh p;.
gzfvs ih L^ jN ik pJh jN ik, fiwhdko ih efjzdk j? gzfvs ih fJj sK fBek fijk ;okX
ehsk j? tZv/ ;okX ftu sK eJh y{B j[zd/ j'Dr/.
3HfszB r[D L^ ;s' oi' sw' noEks pqjwk ftPB{z fPt . fszB b'eL nekP b'e, wks b'e,
gkskb b'e. fszB ekbL G{s, GftZy, toswkB. fszB soK dh ;/tkL wB pu eqw.izwDK,
woBK, ihtDK. fszB gqeko d/ d[yL nkfX, fpnkfX, T[gkfX. fszB soK d/ g[oyL T[sw wZXw
120

Bhu. fszB soK dh ntZ;EkL pkbe, i'pB, fpqX. fJVk, fgzr[bk, ;[ywBk, fsqe[Nh uZeo
fsqp/Dh.
4 (uko dh frDsh)
uko ;kfjpIkd/ ^
;kfjpikdk nihs f;zx ih, ;kfjpikdk i[Mko f;zx ih,
;kfjpikdk i'okto f;zx ih,
;kfjpikdk csfj f;zx ih.
uko e[ofjsK ^ e[mk ykDk swke{ go^fJ;sqh rwB e/;K dh fpndph.
uko i[r ^ ;si[r sq/sk d[nkg[o ebi[r.
uko t/d ^ Pkw t/d for t/d :i[o t/d nEopD t/d.
uko ntsko^ jz; ntsko okwktsko feq;Bktsko fBjebze.
uko g[sq pqjwk d/ ^ ;Be ;BzdB ;BksB ;Bs e[wko
uko T[gt/d ^ nk:[o t/d XB[o t/d rKXo t/d noE t/d.
uko g?o Xow^ ;s ir: sg dkB .
GkJh wBh f;zx ih B/ Xow
d/ uko g?o fJj fby/ jB^ Bkw dkB fJPBkB frnkB.
uko nt;Ek ^ ikrqs ;[gB ;y'gs s[ohnk.
uko gqeko d/ g[oP^ w[es ifrnk;{ ftPZJh gkwo.
uko pkDhnK fgzv dhnK^ gok g;zsh wfXwk p?yoh.
uko fdPk g{op gSw T[so dfyD .
uko T[gfdPk nrB e"D B?os e'FD tk:t e'D JhPkB e'D.
uko gqeko dk nzB^ Ge G'i b/jI u'; .
uko ;zgqdkJh gdkoE iBw gdkoE Bkw gdkoE gq/w gdkoE frnkB gdkoE.
uko gdkoE Pk;sqe^ Xow noE ekw w'yP .
uko es/pK ^ e[okB, nzihb, sT[o/s, Izp{o .
uko ;kXB ^ t?okr, ftt/e, yN;zgsh, w'y fJZSk.
us[PN/ nzsjeoD^ wB, p[X, fus, jzeko .
121

uko poB^ pqkjwD, ysqh, P{do, t?P .
uko nkPow^ pqjwukoh, rqfj;sh, pkBgq;sh, ;zfBnk;h.
uko nBpzX^ nfXekoh, ftP/ nBpzX, ;pzX nBpzX, gqi'iBnBpzX.
uko uhiK w[bskB dhnK^ rod, rdk, rowh, r'o;skB(epoK).
uko nZr dhnK BdhnK^ fjz;k, w'j, b'G eo'X .
uko g[sq oki/ d;oE d/^ ;qh okwuzdq ih, bSwB, PsqxB, GoE.
uko ikshnK d/ g[oP^ P[Pe, fwqr, ftq;G, n;_.
uko iksh dhnK fJ;sqhnK^ gdwBh, fusqBh, ;zfyBh, j;sBh .
uko gqeko dk doPB ^ gqsy doPB, w{osh doPB ;[gB doPB, ;qtB doPB .
uko cfoPs/ ^ niokJhb, w/ekJhb, fJ;okJhb, ipokJhb
uko pho ^ jB{wkB, Bkjo f;x, G?oT[, bze[Vk(p/skb).
uko wIp w[;bwkBK d/ ^ fJwkw jBch, fJwkw ;kch, fJwkw jwbh, fJwkw wkbe .
uko w[jZwd d/ :ko^ nZpk peo ;dhe, jIos nbh n;wkB iB{o?D, T[wo yskp .
fBnkfJek d/ ws nB[;ko
uko nGkt gdkoE ^ gqkrkGkt gqX[z;kGKt nfBUnzBkGkt nshnzskGkt.
uko pkDhnK pqfjwzv dhnK^skse pkDh, fsqr[D nkswepkDh, gqfeosepkDh, wfjsse pkDh
uko gkg ^ Pokp ghDh, ;'Bk u[okDk, r[oBkoh rwB, pqkjwD wkoBk.
uko gqeko dk ;goP ^ ;hs, T[;B, e'wb, emB .
uko gqeko d/ ;zfBnk;^ e[Nhuo ;zfBnk;, pj{de ;zfBnk;,jz; ;zfBnk;,gowjz; ;zfBnk;.
uko :'r dhnK G{fwek^ pkDh b:, wB' b:, p[Xh b:, jzeko b:.
uko gqeko dk :r ^
;si[r dk r?Avk w/X :r j?. sq/s? i[r dk j;s w/X :r j?.
d[nkg[o i[r dk n;_w/X :r j?. ebi[r dk Bo w/X :r j?.
uko febfty ^
pqkjwD B{z wkoBk, ekbh rT{ dk wkoBk.
ezfBnK dk wkoBk, t/;tk dk nzB ykDk.
uko ykDhnK
1H nzvi L
nKfvnK s'A g?dk j'D tkbh fPq;Nh gzSh, ;og, eS{ nkfde.
122

2H i/oi L
3H ;/si L
4H T[sG[i L
wB[Zy gP{ nkfd i/o ftu'A g?dk j[zd/ jB.
g;hB/ s'A g?dk j'D tkbhnK i{nK bhyK nkfd.
Xosh ftu'A g?dk j'D tkbhnK doyZs gZEo nkfd.
uko gqeko dh ekoi nftfdnk L^ 1H nBksw (;oho nkfdeK) ftu nksw p[Xh.
2H nfBs nekP nkdh gdkoEK ftu fBs p[Xh.
3H d[y o{g XB nkfdeK ftu ;[y p[Xh.
4H n;[u o{g fJ;soh nkfdeK ftu ;[u p[Xh .
uko gqeko d/ Grs ^
1H noEk noEh Grs ^ ekwBk tkbk Grs i' XB ;zskB nkfd dh fJZSk Bkb T[gkPBk eod/
jB.
2H nkos Grs ^ i' o'r d[y nkfd d/ fwNkT[D bJh Grsh eod/ jB.
3H ifrnk;{ Grs^ i' gqw/Po B{z Gosk o{g wzB e/ T[gkPBk eod/ jB.
4H frnkBh Grs^ i' nkswk B{z ;op o{g d/yd/ j'J/ Grsh eod/ jB.
uko w?sqh nkfde r[D^ eo[Dk (feogk) w?sqh (fwsq Gkt) w[dsk (nBzd) T[g/fy:k (fsnkr)
uko ftxB ;wkXh d/ ^b: (fposh dk N[NBK)
fty/g (uzubsk)
ePkfJ(szd[bk fBzdqk,M'eK),o;k ;[nkd(foXhnK f;XhnK ftu o[e ikDk)
uko t/dK d/ uko wjKtke ^ 1H Pkwt/d dk ( ss_w;h)2H for t/d dk (gqfrnkBwkBzd pqjw)
3H:i[o t/d dk(njzpqjwk;wh)4HnEopB t/d dk(n:z nkswk pqjw)
uko u"AehnK ehosB dhnK^
1H nzfwqs t/b/ nk;k dh tko dh u"Aeh.
2Hd[gfjo/ 12 ti/ uoB etb dh u"Aeh.
3H ;zfXnk t/b/ ;'do dh u"Aeh.
4H oks B{z efbnkD dh u"Aeh.
gkm w/A uko pksK fXnkB eo/L^
1H gkm ;w/A fe;/ Bkb puB Bk eo/A.
2H w?E[B dk fsnkr eo/A 3H njko dk fsnkr
4H fBzdk dk fsnkr eo/A.
123

T[dk;h ;zgqdkfJ d/ uko
w[y wjkswk ( uko X{zD/)^ 1Hpkb{ j;BK 2H nbw;s 3Hc{b ;kfjp 4H r'Ad
;kfjp.
uouk d/ uko G/d ^
1H tkd (gq/w got Bkb go;go gqPB T[so eoe/ s;Zbh eoBh)
2Hfjs (fpBK Jhoyk s'A yzvB wzvB eoBK )
3H ibg (nkgD/ ws dh g[PNh bJh d{i/ dh dbhb B{z od eoBK)
4Hftszvk (d{i/ dk gy v/rD tk;s/ Sb egN Jhoyk jm Bkb fwbh uouk eoBh).
uko nzr Bhsh d/
1H ;kw^ fgnko/ puBK Bkb d{;o/ dk eq'X PKfs eoBK.
2H dkw^ XB d/ e/ d{;o/ B{z gq;zB eoBK .
3H dzv^ P;sq d/ pb nkfde Bkb d{;o/ B{z ;ik d/Dh.
4H G/d^ d'jK ftu c'eN(c[N) gk e/ nkgDk ekoi f;X eoBk.
uko gqeko d/ P;sq L
i' eZN/ tZv/ T[; B{z P;sq nkyd/ jB fJj uko gqeko d/ jBL^
1H w[es 2H nw[es 3H w[eskw[esk 4H :zsq w[es.
1H w[es L^ i' jZE'A SZv/ ikD uZeo nkfd.
2H nw[es L^ fijV/ jZE'A Bk SZv/ ikD, sbtko eNko nkfde.
3H w[eskw[es L^ i' jZE'A SZv/ th ikD ns/ jZE th oZy/ ikD poSh rdk nkfd.
4H :zsq w[es L^ fijV/ ebk Bkb SZv/ ikD sho rbh nkfd w[es Pk;soK B{z n;so th fejk
iKdk j? nw[es B{z P;so efjzd/ jB. g[okDK ftZu :zsq w[es P;soK B{z th n;sq fbfynk
j?. w'jBk;sq, gktek;sq, toDk;sq, tiok;sq wzso Bkb n;sq finkdk n;o eodk j?. fJe
w/xn;sq ;ko/ d{ik fto'Xh tk:{ n;sq ubkt/ t?oh nrfB n;sq ubkt/ sK toDk;sq ubkt/.
fus PKs eoB d/ uko fto'Xh jB
1H jZd s'A tZX oNB eoBk nEtk G"FDk.
2H jZd s'A tZX gmD nEtk gVkT[DK .
124

3H fub/ ftZu p?mDK eJh soQK d/ gkyzv eoB/.
4H tZv/ b'eK d/ fwbD dh pj[sh fJZfSnk j'Dh.
i/ nfGnk; ftu ;[os i[Vh oj/ sK ;dk nBzd jh ofjzdk j?. Gkt/A e[M eohJ/ L^
uko uhiK d/ nzs BjhA nKT[d/ L
;w[zdo dk, wkfJnk dk, r[o{ ;kfjpK d/ frnkB dk ns/ wjKg[oPK d/ nB[Gt dk.
wB B{z tZ; eoB d/ 4 sohe/ L^
1H ;kw 2H dkw, 3H dzv 4H G/d fJj okiBhsh d/ uko G/d jB
1H;kw L fwsqsk Bkb 2H dkwL wkfJnk Bkb 3H dzvL ;Ik d/ e/ 4HG/d L nkg; ftu c[ZN gk
e/ nkgDk ekoi f;ZX eoBk.
uko t/dK pko/ ikDekoh
t/d Ppd ftd[ Xks{ s'A pfDnk j? fi; dk Gkt j? ikDBk, frnkB gqkgs eoBk.
t/d uko jB L
;:kw, for, :[io, nEopD .
uko T[gt/d th jB L
n:[ot/d, XB[ot/d, rKXot t/d, nEot t/d .
1H;:kw dh tzv d' soK dh j?L
1)g{opkoX
2) T[sqkoX.
g{opkoX ftZu 6 nfXnkJ/ 64 Pkw ^ 640 wzso jB.
T[sqkoX ftZu 23 fXnkB jB.
23 Pkw ^ 424 wzso jB. e[b nfXnkJ/ 29^ Pkw 87^ wzso 1064 jB.
2H fort/d
fJ; ftZu 60 wzvb, 8 nPNe, 64 nfXnkJ/, 85 nB[tke jB.
1028 ;{se 2024 tor, 10518 wzso, fJe bZy 53 jIko ;Zs ;" pkBt/ Ppd s/ uko bZy
32 jIko nZyo jB. fort/d dh tzv th d' soQK dh j? ft;Eko d/ G? s'A BjhA fbfynk j?.
3H:i[ot/d
125

fJ; dh tzv th d' soK j? e[b 40 nfXnkJ/ wzso 1975 H
4HnEopD
fJ;h soK nEopD d/ wzso nkfde jB.
e[Zb uko/ t/dK d/ wzsoK dh frDshL^^
1HPkw 1364, 2H:i[o 1975, 3H fort/d 10518, 4H nEopD 5747H
e[Zb wzsoK dk i'V & 19404
u"jK i[ZrK dk fBoBk.
1H;fsi[r L
;fsi[r ftZu fJe bZy ;kb dh T[wo, ;stkdh wB[Zy fJZe gkg eo/ sK ;ko/ d/P B{z G'rDK
g?Adk ;h. Xow d/ uko/ g?o ekfJw ;B. pktB ntsko ;B.
(uko g?o& shoE, sg, dfJnk ns/ dkB )
2H sq/sk L
Xow dh fJZe ebk u[Ze rJh. T[wo 10000 ;kb, ;'wir, j'wir, n;tw/X, r'w/: ir ehs/
iKd/ ;B. fJe d/ gkg Bkb ;koh BZroh B{z gkg bZrdk ;h. fJ; :[r d/ ntsko Pqh okw uzdq
ih ;B. d' ebk Xow dhnK u[Ze rJhnK.
3H d[nkgo L
d[nkgo i[r ftZu eow s/ g{ik dh goXkBsk ;h. Xow dhnK fszB ebk u[Ze rJhnK. T[wo
1000 po; ofj rJh. fJe d/ gkg Bkb ;koh e[b B{z gkg bZrdk ;h . fJ; :[r d/ ntsko
Pqh feqPB ih ;B.
4H efbi[r L
ebi[r T[wo 100 po; ofj rJh. fijVk eo/^Go/, Xow Bkw o{gh ebk nk;o/ ofj frnk.
fJ; i[r d/ ntsko ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih wjkoki jB.
uko poD
ftfdnk gVQB gVkT[D tkbk fJe toB pqjwD ] d{ik fjZ;k oki eoB tkfbnK dk ePsqh]
shik fjZ;k y/sh tgko eoB tkfbnK dk t?P ] u"Ek fjZ;k ;/tk eoB tkfbnK dk P{do]
pqkjwD L^
126

1H pqkjwD ;G toDK dk w[Zy wzfBnk j? feT[Afe T[j pkeh d/ ;G toDK Bkb'A w[y eow eodk
j? fJ;h eoe/ T[;B{z ;GBK dk w[y nEtk pqkjwD nkyd/ jB.
2H fi; g[oP d/ fjod/ ftu ;s' r[D w[y: j? T[; B{z pqkjwD nkyd/ jB.
3H i' g[oP pqjw gqwkswk B{z ikDdk j? feT[Afe pqjw Bkw gqwkswk dk j? T[; dk Bkw pqkjwD
j?.
4H ftZfdnk gVQ/ gVQkt/, ir eo/ eokt/, dkB d/t/ s/ b/t/, fJzBK S/nK eowK d/ eoB tkb/ B{z
pqkjwD nkyd/ jB.
;o[sh T[sgkd: g[sqkB w[B:' fBogs/ :sq , ssqj ;_?B?tsg ;ks/ykfwqyz s{z ftdfX]
fJe t/o iBe ftd/j B/ gqkPo ih gk; gqPB ehsk fe fiE'A feE'A g?dk j' eo foyh
pqjwD iks fe; soQK j' rJ/, gqkPo ih B/ T[so fdZsk T[j sg d/ gqGkt ;/ wkBBhe j'J/ jB
s/ T[jBK B/ nkgDh ;zskB B{z Pq/PN eow nkfde eok e/ nkgD/ i/jk eo fbnk j?.
c/o L^ id'A okik Bj[y ;qg i'Bh e' gqkgs j'fJnk sK T[; B/ pqjw ftfdnk ek
nfXekoh pqkjwD nB/e t/d tuB'A ftu fbfynk j'fJnk fBoDk eoB bJh :[fXPNo ih B{z
g[ZfSnk :Ek pqkjwD Ú
e' Gt/dqk iBt/d:z fezu :[fXPNo]
:EkL ^ :[fX;aNo' tkuL^ ;s:z, dkBz, Phbz, wkfBq ;z;:z sg' fxoD]
fdq;:s/, :sq oki/ dq; pqkjwD fJfsf;wqs](r[LwLfBL)
;s t;s{ d/ ikBD tkbk j't/ ns/ ;zf;nk s'A ofjs j't/. nfjz;k eoB tkbk j't/, noEks
ihtK s/ ;dk d:k eodk j't/, p[o/ ezwK tb'A ;dk fxqDk eodk j't/.;GBK ihtK s/ d:k eodk
j't/, noEks gqw/Po dk o;sk dZ;D tkbk j't/ fiE/ feE/ tkfjr[o{ B{z ftnkge ;wMdk j't/ ;'
pqkjwD j? i/ n?;/ eow pqkjwD BjhA eodk j? sK T[j P{do ;dkT[D d/ :'r j' iKdk j?
noEks ;{do pD iKdk j?.
ezwK nB[;ko uko soQK d/ pqkjwD
1H fi; ftu ;s' r[D, n"o ;wkfd nkfde S/ eow j't/ T[j pqkjwD, pqkjwD j?.
2H fi; ftu ysqh d/ r[D eow nkfde j't/ T[j ysoh pqkjwD j?.
3H fi; ftu p?;: e/ r[D eow nkfde j't/ T[j p?;: pqkjwD j?.
4H fi; ftu ;{do d/ r[D eow nkfd j't/ T[j ;{do pqkjwD j?. j'o i' s/b fxT[ nkfde
t;s{nK yohd/ ns/ t/u/ T[j th ;{do pqkjwD j?.
1H i' gqsh fdB fjz;k eo/ (ihtK B{z wko/) T[j fpZbk pqkjwD j?.
127

2H i' Gy: nGy: rw:k rw: e[M Bk ikD/ T[j gP{ pqkjwD j?.
3H i' pktbh y{j sbkt nkfde g{o d/t/ s/ d/t wzdo, pkr nkfde BkP eo/. fJPBkB nkfde
e[S Bk eo/ T[j wb/S pqkjwD j?.
4H i' u'oh eo/ u[rbh eo/ T[j uzvkb pqkjwD j?.
& pqkjwD dh T[sgsh pqjwk ih d/ w[y s'A, ysqh G[ik s'A ,t?P g/N s'A, ;{do g?oK ftu'A
g?dk j'J/ wzBd/ jB.
uko nkPow
pqjwukoh, frqj;sh, pkBgq;sh, ;zfBnk;h.
1HpqjwukohL
25 ;kb pqjwuoi ftu ofjDK, 5 ;kb wksk fgsk gk; ofjDk fco r[o{ nkPow ftu ofj
eo ;/tk f;woB Grsh dh dks gqkgs eoBh ns/ jo soK dh ftZfdnk nX?B eoe/ r[o{ dh
nPhotkd gqkgs eoBh. nro fJZSk j't/ sK r[o{ dh fJZSk nB[;ko frqj;s Xow rqjD
eoBK, BjhA pqjwukoh ihtB r[ikoB/ ns/ Xow wkor s/ ubDK ubkT[DK.
2H frqj;shL
frqj;s nkPow ftZu ofj e/ PkPso nB[e{b fB:wK dk gkbD eoBK. :'r T[bkd g?dk
eoBh, dkBhA, ;{opho, Grs s/ T[BK B{z i'r ftZfdnk d/Dh ns/ d/P Grs ;kX{ ;/th pBkT[DK.
3H pkBgq;shL
frqj;s d/ ;[yK s'A T[gokw j' e/ frqj;s dk ;[y fsnkr e/ izrb p/b/ fBtk; eoBk gfotko
Bkb e'Jh ;pzX Bk oyDK.
4H ;zfBnk;hL
fpbe[b nshs fsnkrh j' e/ fpuoBK, e[Nhnk she dh u/b/ ukNfVnK dh th fJfSnk Bk
eoBh. ;ko/ nkPow 25^25 ;kb pdbD dh jdkfJs j?, eJh wjkswk UVe she ;kX{
ftosh ftu fpuo/ j?B.
;zfBnk;h bJh fGfynk dk nzB ykDK, fe;/ g[so fJ;soh gfotko Bkb w'j BjhA eoBK,
fJeKs fpuoBK ;z;ko tb'A T[gokw ofjDK.
1H ;b'e w[esh L
uko w[eshnK
128

Grsh eoe/ fpPB{z b'e ftu gj[zuDK ns/ fpPB{z gk; ofjDK T[E'A dk nBzd G'rDK.
2H ;o{g w[eshL
fpPB{z b'e ftu gj[zu e/ GrtkB i?;k o{g XkoB eoBk fJe o{g j' ikDK.
3H;whg w[esh L
gkoydK dh soQK GrtkB gk; ofjDK Gkt ;/tkdko pDBK, jI{oh ;/te nodbhJ/ pD e/
ofjDK.
4H;k:[i: L
fJ; d/ noE jB fwbkg gqkgs eoBK iht dk JhPo Bkb nG/d j'DK fit/A gkDh ftZu r'sk
wko e/ gkDh ftu bhB j'DK, j'oBK dh fBrkj ftu gkDh ftu fwfbnk j? s/ T[j nkgD/ nkg
B{z gkDh s'A fGzB wzBdk j? i?;/ j'oBK d/jK ftZu d/tsk, i?;/ ib ftu d[X fJ;h soQK gqwkswk
Bkb iht dk ;pzX j'DK ;k:[i: w[esh ejKT[dh j?. (r[LfBL;kL)
eJh b'e efjzd/ jB fe ib d[ZX d/ ;zi'r dh soK jh i/ iht dk fwbkg JhPto Bkb j'
iKdk j? sK fco frnkB fBPcb j' ikt/rk feT[Afe frnkB s'A fpBK th fJ; gqeko iht
JhPto Bkb fwb ;edk j? :Ks/ w[esh frnkB dk cb f;X BjhA j't/rh i/eo fJ; b'e w/A
fEs iht dk b'eKso w/A fEs JhPto ;kE ;z:'r frnkB ;/ f;X j't/ j? :ks/ ;z:'r o{g w[esh
e' frnkB ek cb gB ;zGt? j?. :fj^ej' sp ;zi'r e' jh frnkB ek cbgB f;X j'fJnk no
tj[ cbgBk ;w:e BjhA ekj/ s/ cb ;[y tk d[y ek nGkt irs ftu gqf;ZX j? n"o ;[y e'
;[y ;o{gsk tk d[y eh nGkt o{gsk ;zGt? BjhA :K s/ ;zi'r o{g w[esh e' cb Bk j'D/ ;/ pqjw
Gkt w[esh cb j? :fj w[esh ijK frnkB j't/ sjK frnkBh eh j't/ j? fJ;h Gkt B{z pj[s
f;wqshnK nkfdeK B/ fejk j?.
w[esh L^ nftfdnk ss ekoi dh Bftosh pqjw dh gqkgsh dk Bkw w[esh j?.(r[LfBL;L)
eJhnK B/ ;k:[i: B{z e?tb: wzfBnk j?. eJhnK B/ :[dh fJj gzithA wzBh j?. “fos/ frnkBk
Bk e?tb:z” frnkB s'A fpBK e?tb: BjhA fwbdh fiT[Ad/ ihtB w[esh woB s'A pkd fpd/j
w'eP fBor[D ftu nG/d j' ikDk fJT[A ss p/s/ wjKg[oPK dk efjDk j?.
uko G{yD ftfdnk d/ L^
ekt: ouBk, tesZp: ouBk, fBzwqsk, ftZfdnk d/D ftZu T[dkosk.
uko ;kXB
fe;/ g[;se dk pko pko gVQBK iK nfGnk; eoBk ;kXB efjbksk j? ;' fJj ;kXB uko jB
1H fpp/e, 2H p?okr, 3H yN ;zgsh, 4H ww[ySsk.
d'jkL
gqEw fpp/e p?okr g[B ;wkfd yN ;zgfs.
129

ejh us[oE ww[eSsk, :j ut ;kXB ;fs.
fpp/e bZSD
d'jk LnfpBkPh nksw nuZb, ir sK s/ gqfse{b ]
n?;' frnkB fpp/e j?, ;G ;kXB e' w{b ]
nkswk nftBkPh ejhJ/, Bk; ofjs j?. nuZb ejhJ/ fefonk ofjs j? n"o irs
nksw ;/ gqfse{b ejhJ/. fpgohs GktBk tkbk j?, fpBk;h j? n" uZb j? :k frnkB ek Bkw
fpp/e j?. :j fpp/e jh ;op ;kXB ek w{b j?. ekj/ s/ gqEw fpp/e j't/ s' p?okr ;/ nkfd b?
e/ T[so ;kXB j't/ j? n" fpp/e BjhA s' T[so ;kXB j't/ BjhA :K s/ p?okr ;wkfd yN ;zgfs
ww[eSsk fJBek fpp/e j/s{ j?.
p?okr bZSD
d'jkL pqjw b'e b' G'r i', uj? ;GB e' fsnkr] p/d noE frnksk w[Bh, ejs skfj p?okr]
d'jkL ;w dw PoXk sh;oh, ;wkXkB T[gokw] Smh sfsePk ikBhJ/, fGzB fGzB :j Bkw ]
;w dw bZSD
d'jkL wB fpfPnB s?A o'eB', ;w fsj ejs ;[Xho] fJzdq: rB e' o'eB', dw Gkys p[X pho
]
PoXk bZSD
d'jkL ;s: p/d r[o{ tke: j?, PoXk n; fpPtk;] ;wkXkB sK e{z ejs, wB fpS/g e'
Bk;]
T[gokw bZSD
u"gkJh L ;kXB ;fjs Xow ;G fsnkr? ] by fpy ;w fpynB s/ Gkr?]
fJ;sqh d/ B/so
fdqr Bkoh bfy jt? fij rbkBk ] :j bSD T[gokw pykBk.
sfsyPk bZSD
d'jkL nksg(X[g) ;hs S[Xk fsqyk (fgnk;) G[y, fJB e' ;fjB ;[Gkt ](G[Zy fgnk; dk
MZbDk)
skfj sfsyPk ejs j? (gzfvs) e'ftd w[fBto okt ] ;wkfd yN ;zgfs e' Gkys ;kXB J/e.
fJw Bt ;kXB GB?, fezs{ ukfo ;fpp/e ]
130

ww[ySsk
d'jk L pqjw gqkgsh no pzX eh jkfB w'y e' o{g ] sk eh ukj ww[ySsk, Gkys w[fBto G{g]
uko ntZ;Ek
ikrqs, ;[gB, ;[y'gfs, s[ohnk .
1H ikrqs L gqsZy ;z;ko ftu ftuod/ j'fJnk ikrfdnK ;ko/ ekoi t/yD/ ns/ eoB/, ikrqs
nt;Ek j?.
2H ;[gB L e[M ikrqs d/ ekoiK dh f;wqsh jh ;[gBK fJ; B{z BhAd ekb ftZu nkT[Dk wzfBnk
j?. ikrqs ftu ;E{b ;oho gziK sZsK dk j[zdk j?. ;[gB ftu 17 sZsK dk ;{yw Poho j[zdk
j?. fjsk Bkw dh BkVh ftu nrb/ fgSb/ ;z;eko ofjzd/ jB i' ;"D t/b/ ;[gBk g?dk eod/
jB.
3H ;[y'gfsL T[j nt;Ek id'A x'o r{VQh BhAd ftu ;[Zsk j[zdk j?. nfrnkB nt;Ek ekoB
Poho j[zdk j?. fe;/ pks dk frnkB BjhA f;oc T[mD s'A pkd jh fJsBh f;zwqsh j[zdh j? fe
nki jw pV/ ;[y ;/ ;'J/.
4H s[ohnk ik T[BwBh nt;EkL ikrqs ;[gB ;[y'gsh s'A go/ dh nt;Ek frnkB ;fjs nc[o
nt;Ek pqjw dk Bkw th s[ohnk fejk j?. ftPt s?i; gqkr: s'A go/ ;G dk w{b nkXko o{g
j?. ;s ;zrs eoe/ n?;h nt;Ek dh gqkgsh j[zdh j?. f;woB ns/ Grsh eoB/ Bkb wB dh
fJekrqsk j' iKdh j?. ;z;koe ;G fposhnK b?n j' iKdhnK jB. fJe' fJe nG/d fuzsB jh
pkeh ofj iKdk j?. nkswk dh nBzdkeko nt;Ek j?. fJ; B{z fBopkD gd, ;fji gd, PKsh
gd, pqjwkBzd i'rkBzd gowkBzd Bkb th :kd ehsk iKdk j?. nfpBkPh ;[y oki :'r th fJ;/
dk Bkw j?.
xo d/ Nfjb{nK d/ 4 r[D
1HfNT{No T[;/ Xow dk j't/ fi; Xow d/ pZu/ jB.
2H fJbw ftZu fNT{No gqphB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJbw d' gqeko dk j?.
Xkofwe s/ fttjkoe
d'jK fJbwK ftZu fNT{No gqgZe j'DK ukjhdk j?.
3H nwb ` fNT{No fBok nkfbw jh Bk j't/ Bkb nwb Gh j't/.
4HykBdkBL fNT{No T[u/ ;[Zu/ xokD/ dk j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i' ;ko/ ndp
ndkp pZfunK B{z f;ykt/.
w[jzwd d/ uko :ko
131

nbh, np{peo, T[wo, T[;wkB .
(g?rzpo & g?rkw & ;[B/jk fbnkT[D tkbk)
w[;bwkBK d/ uko wIjp
Phnk, ;[zBh, okcih, fJwkw;kch .
uko/ i[rK dh T[wo dk fBoBk
43 bZy 20 jIko poP e/ uko/ i[r j's/ jB. fJ;/ fj;kp Bkb id'A uko/ i[r pshs j[zd/ jB
sK pqjwk ih dk fJe fdB j'sk j?. :/ ;G fpnk; eh pBktN j?. ;ks jIko po; e/ gfjb/
ek e[S nB[Gt irs w/A BjhA. g[okD ek ws irs e/ gqwkD w/A n?;k j? fe 60 gb eh J/e
xVh j'sh j?. 60 xVh ek fJe fdB j'sk j?. 30 fdB e' fJe wk; (wjhBk) ejs/ j?A. 12
wjhB/ ek ;kb fejk ikt/ j?. fJ; ;kb e/ gqwkD (frDsh) ;/ 4 bZy 32000 po; ek ebi[r,
8 bZy 60000 po; ek d[nkgo, 12 by 96000 po; ek sq/sk, 17 bZy 28000 po; ek
;si[r. fJ; e' J/e ebg ejs/ j?. 994 ebg ek pqjwk ek J/e fdB j'sk j?. T[;w/A u"dK
wstzso j's/ j?. uko nop 19 eo'V 40 bZy nZ;h jIko po; ek fdB j'sk j?. nZm nop
nmktB eo'V fJek;h by ;b jIko po; ek fdB oks j{nk. d' yop ;sktB nop 64
eo'V 48 by po; ek wk; (wjhBk) j{nk, 23 yop 91 nop 73 eo'V 76 bZy po; ek
;kb j'sk j?. fJ; fj;kp ;/ pqjwk eh nk:{ y: (nt;Ek) ;" po; eh j? T[; e/ fj;kp T[;
ek gqwkD sh; Bhb 91 yop 73 nop 76 eo'V po; pqjwk ihsk j? ghS/ wo iksk j?. fJ;h
gqwkD ;{B: ofjsk j?. ghS/ d{;ok pqjwk g?dk j'sk j?. tj[ ;kok irs pBksk j? n"o fBs
gqb: ip pqjwk ;'sk j? sp j'sh j?.(nfpbky ;kro gzBK 158)
4H uko ykDhnK L^ nzvi, i/oi, ;/si, T[sG[i, uko e[zNk, uko i[r, uko toB, uko t/d,
uko gdkoE, uko nt;Ek, ;Be, ;BzdB, ;BksB, ;Bs e[wko, uko nkPow, uko pho,
uT[gV, uT[;ko, (gkB, eZEk, ;[gkoh, u{BK, utk dk fwbkg).
5 (gzi dh frDsh)
gzi sys ;kfjp ih
1H;qh nekb sys ;kfjp ih 2H;qh gNBk ;kfjp ih 3H;qh e/;rVQ ;kfjp ih
4H;qh dwdwk ;kfjp ih 5H ;qh ji{o ;kfjp ih
gzi fgnko/ ^
GkJh dfJnk f;zx ih, GkJh Xow f;zx ih, GkJh w'jew f;zx,
GkJh fjzws f;zx, GkJh ;kfjp f;zx ih .
gzi eeko ^ e/;, feqgkB, ezxk, eVk, eSfjok .
132

gzi pkDhnK^
;qh ig[ih ;kfjp,;qh ikg[ ;kfjp,;[Xk ;t?:/,u"gJh ;kfjp,nBzd ;kfjp.
gzi g[oksB pkDhnK ^pktB nyoh, ;[ywBh ;kfjp, dyDh Unzeko[,
f;X r';fN,nBzd ;kfjp (g{ok).
gzi e[ofjsK^ BVh wko, e[Vh wko, t/;tk rkwh, o'w gqjkoh, jbkb GZyPh.
gzi ;{yw ss^ Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o;, rzX .
gzi n;E{b ss^ ng, s/i, tkfJ, fgqEth, nekP .
gzi sZsK dh ofjs ng & ;hsbsk, s/i & gqekPsk, tkfJ & ;wsk, fgqEth & Xhoisk,
nekP & n;zrsk .
gziK ssK dh ofjDh^ ;hsbsk, gqekPsk, ;wsk, Xhoisk, n;zrsk.
gzi gKvt^ :[fXPNo, noiB, Ghw ;?B, Be[b, ;fjd/t .
gzi eow fJzdqhJ/^ jE, g?o, r[dk, fbzr, tke fJzdqhnk .
gzi frnkB fJzdqhJ/^ BZe, ezB, nZyK, o;Bk, s[uk.
gzi wkbk ^ y/uoh, G{uoh, ukuoh, T[BwBh, nr'uoh.
fJj w[dqk ejhnK iKdhnK jB.
gzi g[sq S/t/A gksPkj ih d/ ^ 1) pkpk r[ofdsk ih, 2) ;{oi wb ih. 3)nDh okfJ ih,
4)pkpk nNb okfJih 5)r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih.
gzi d?th r[D^ ;s, ;zs'y, Xhoi, Xow, ftuko .
gzi nk;[oh ;zgdk^ ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, njzeko .
gzi d'P^ Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o;, rzX .
gzi f;zx ekPh
ftZfdnk gVQB tkb/ okw f;zx, eow f;zx, rzvk f;zx, tho f;zx, ;'Gk f;zx.
gzi r[ow[y
GkJh d:k f;zx ih GkJh Xow f;zx ih GkJh wkB f;zx ih
GkJh ;zrs f;zx ih
GkJh ;zs f;zx ih
gzi f;zx ;kfjp ,gziK fgnkfonK s'A fgS'A fJBQK nzfwqs Sfenk ;h.
GkJh JhPo f;zx ih, GkJh cfsj f;zx ih, GkJh d/tk f;zx ih,
GkJh okw f;zx ih, GkJh Nfjb f;zx ih
133

gzi gqeko dk Gow^ G/d Gow, eoss Gow, ;zr Gow,
fteko Gow, pqjw ;/ fGzB irs ;s j?.
gzi fdqPNKs
(Gow Bftosh d/)^^ fpzp gqfs fpzp, b'js ;cNe, xNkek;,
r[Dwko, eBe e[zvb.
gzi gqeko dk G/d^ iht JhP_o dk G/d, iht iht dk G/d, iht iV dk G/d,
Jh; iV dk G/d, iV iV dk G/d.
gzi gqkB^ gqkB, ngkB, ;wkB, t:kB, T[dkB.
gzi T[ggqkB^ Bkr, e{ow, feqeb, d/tds, XfBi?.
gzi eb/P ^ okr, d_?P, nftfdnk, n;wsk, nGhfBt/;.
gzi e'P^ nzBw: e'P, gqkB w: e'P, wB'w: e'P, ftfrnkB w: e'P,
nBzd w: e'P.
gzi e'P gVd/ jBL
gzi gqeko d/ tki/
nzBw: e'P (;E{b Poho), gqkDw: e'P gziK gqkDK dh(rodP),
wB'w: e'P(gzi eow fJzdo/ s/ wB), fJj fszB/ ;{yw ;oho ftZu jB.
ftfrnkB w: e'P s/ nBzd w: e'P .
ssszsh fps uow ek, xB eK;h e' ikB .
Bkd ;pd xN ek ej/ ;[tk; ;[;o gfjukB.
1H ss ^ sko no szd d/ tki/ f;ozdk f;sko nkfd
2H fts ^ uzw Bkb wV/Q j'J/ Y'b vZc fwqdzr nkfd.
3H xN ^ xzNk S?D/A nkfd, 4H Bkd^ xVk (xVk nkfd)
5H ;[;co^ (;tk; d/ tki/ Bchoh jow'Bhnw nkfd).
gzi tki/ L^
jB
;s, ;zs'y, dfJnk, Xow, ftuko. gziK sZsK dh XkoBk ;w fpqsh o{g tki/
gzi gqeko d/ eow ^ fBs eow, Bfws eow, ekw eow, gqk;fus eow, BfyX eow.
fJe fJe ss dhnK gzi gzi gqfeoshnK j'JhnK ^ :Ek^
J/e J/e ss sKeh gzu j? gqfeosh GJh, b'G w'j njz d[y gqhfs BG ikfB:/.
pb e' eoB no[ XktB g;koB, ;ze'u d/j pX? ;[ ;who gfjukfB:/.
BhAd Ui eKfs G{y g:k; j'fJ nkb; i', nrfB e/ sZs eh gqfeosh J/ gqwkfB:/.
134

oes g;hBk fgs ec fpzd[ Bho j{z eh, ukw jkv wk; BkVh o'w fSfs GkfB:/. (BkBe gqekP)
gzi gqeko dh fynksh^ n;s fynksh, nksw fynksh,
nBEk fynksh,
gzi gqeko dh gob?^
nkfynksh fynksh, nBotuBh fynksh .
fBs gqb:, Bfws gqb:, ntKsq gqb:, wjK gqb:, nshnzse gqb:.
fBs gqb:^ fijVk o'i ;"A ikDk j?.
Bfws gqb:^ fe;/ Bfws B{z gk e/ wo ikDk.
ntKsq gqb:^ pqjwK d/ fJe fdB ysw j'D go wksb'e dh Xosh
go ;ko/ ib jh ib j' ikDk.
wjK gqb:^ pqjwk, ftPB{z,fPt ;fjs ;ko/ ;z;ko dk nGkt j' ikDk.
nshnzse gqb:^frnkB eoe/ ekoB ;fjs ;ko/ ;z;ko dk pkX j'.
ikDk
gzuw gksPkj ih d/ Bkb GkJh fpXhnk ih, GkJh i/mk ih, GkJh bzCkjk ih,
gzi f;y bkj"o rJ/^^ GkJh fgokDk ih, GkJh g?Vk ih.
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/
Bkb gzi f;y fdbh rJ/ ^ GkJh r[ofdZsk ih 2) GkJh wsh dk; ih 3) GkJh
fdnkbk ih GkJh T{d' ih 5) GkJh ;kfjp uzd ih .
gzi szsq ^
1) fwsq G/d 2) fwsq ;zgqkgfs 3) ek e'b{eh( fi; ftu
eK ns/ T[b{ dk gq;zr j?) 4)bpX gqDk; 5)ngoh fes
ekoe.
gzi dd/^
1H d/P 2H d[or 3Hdb 4H dop 5H dkB.
gzi JhP_o^
1H ftPB{z 2H ;{oi 3HfPt 4H rD/P 5H d/th.
gzi gho^
1H ;[bskB 2HwhoK 3H r[rk 4H phpVhnK 5H ;hsbk.
gzi fgsk^
1HiBw dksk 2H;j[ok3Hokik4Hftfdnk dksk 5HgkbD
tkbk.
gzi wksk^
1H iBw d/D tkbh 2H r[o{ dh fJ;sqh 3H ;Z;
4H oki/ dh okDh 5H d[X u[zxkD tkbh.
gzi g[sq^
1H p/Nk 2H u/bk 3H itkJh 4H ;/te 5H nfGnkrs
gzi gqeko dh f;Zyh^
1HXzX/ dh 2H d/yk d/yh dh 3H fjo; dh 4H f;de dh
5H gq/w dh .
gzi pkD ekwd/t d/^
1H g[Pg pkD 2H gdw pkD 3H nP'e pkD
4H f;ohP pkD 5H T[sgb pkD .
gzi fB:w fJ;bkw d/^
1H y[dk dk wzBDk 2H gzi t/b/ BwkI gVBh 3HIeks d/Dh
4H owIkB d/ wjhB/ o'I/ oyD/ 5H ekp/ dh ji eoBh.
gzi gzikp d/ dfonk ^
fpnk;, ;sb[i, okth, MBkp, fijbw.
gzi nzr^
1H fsfE 2H tko 3H BSsq 4H :'r 5H eoD
gzi nzr fpqS d/^
1H iV 2H Pky 3H gZsk 4H c[Zb 5H cb.
gzi nzrh X{g^
1HuzdB 2H nro 3H eg{o 4H e/;o 5Hr[Zrb.
135

gzi gqeko d/ Ppd ^
1H ss^ sko ns/ szd d[nkok g?dk j'fJnk.
2H fts^ uzw Bkb wVQ/ Y'b nkfde d[nkok.
3H xB^ xfVnkb S?D/ d[nkok g?dk j'fJnk.
4H Bkd^ xV/ nkfde s'A g?dk j'fJnk.
5H ;[Ffyo^ s{sh Bchoh fty/ c{e wkoB Bkb
g?dk j'fJnk.
gzi Ppd :'rhnK d/^
1H;zy 2H fwqdzr 3H fezroh 4Hw[obh 5HthDK.
gzi Ppd g[okDk nB[;ko ^ 1H t/d X_fB 2H p/dhiB X_fB 3H i: X_fB4H ;zy X_fB
5H fBPkB X_fB.
gzi Ppd oki dopko d/^ 1H f;zCh 2Hvc 3H;zy 4HG/oh 5Hi: xzNk.
gzi ;o'to nzfwqs;o d/^ 1Hjfowzdo ;kfjp 2H;zs'y ;o 3H okw;o 4H e"b;
5H fpp/e ;o
gzi e[eow ^
1H M{m 2H fBzdk 3H u[rbh 4H u'oh 5HfeqsxBsk.
gzi BJht/d (gzi gqPkd) ykb;k ws d/ wzB/ j'J/ ^
1H eVkj gqPkfd 2H gsk;/ 3H r[V 4H cb 5H wykD/.
gzi Ghsh^
1H i/ p'bK sK nkyhn? pV pV eo/ pj[s.
2H u[g eoK sK nkyhn? fJs[ xfN Bkjh wfs.
3H i/ pfj ojK sK nkyhn? p?mk ;Eo[ xfs.
4H T[fm ikJh sK nkyhn? Sko[ rfJnk f;fo xfs.
5H i/ efo fBtK sK nkyhn? vodk eo? Grfs.
gzi b{D^
1H ;w[zdoh 2H ;"Auo 3H fpV 4H ;/AXk 5H ;KGo.
gzi egV/ g[okD/
;G: g[oPK d/
1Hd;sko 2Hnzrk 3H eZS 4HewoeZ;k 5HgoBk(;kck)
gzi egV/
1H;kck 2H u'rk 3H e[Vsk 4H gikwk 5H d[gZNk.
gzi G/d G'iB d/^
1H Gi: ^i' dzd dkVQK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ykXk ikt/.
2H G'e:^i' e/tb dkVQK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb ykXk ikt/.
3H b/j:^ i' ihG Bkb uZfNnk ikt/.
4H g/:^ i' ghsk ikt/.
5H u'P:^ i' u{f;nk ikt/.
gzi BwkIK s/ gzi jh tes ^
1H ;bks[b cIo (BwkI/ ;[pj) (gj[ c[ND s'A b? e/ ;{oi uVQB se dh BwkI)
2H ;bks[b I[jo (BwkI/ g/PhB) (id ;{oi YbD br/ T[; t/b/ dh BwkI)
3H ;bks[b n;o (BwkI/ dhro) (sh;o/ gfjo dh BwkI)
4H ;bks[b wrfop (BwkI/ Pkw)(;{oi fSgD s'A b? e/ nk;wkB dh ;[oyh fwN
ikD se
5H ;bks[b fJPk (BwkI/ y[csB) (;"D t/b/ dh BwkI)
w[;bwkB fi; tes w;hs ftu ik e/ PoQk w{ip pzdrh eod/ jB T[; dk Bkw fBtki j?.
fBtkiK e[b gzi jB fizBK d/ fJj Bkw jBL^
136

1) cIo dh nzfwqs t/b/ dh 2) I[jo dh (d[gfjo fgS'A) 3) n;o dh (uko xVh fdB
ofjzd/) 4) wroph fdB fSgD t/b/ 5) fJPkeh (uko xVh oks rJh )
e[okB Pohc ftu pzdrh eoB (fBwkI gVB bJh r[;b fJPBkB dh gftsqsk nkfde eoe/
fBwkI gVQB dk j[ew fdZsk j? s/ gzi fBtkiK d/ gzi/ tes T[go fby/ nB[;ko dZ;/ jB.
r[;b eoB dk sohek
(w[;bwkBh wZs)
fBwkIh gfjb/ fJ; gqeko t[i{ eo/ gfjb/ fp;fwbk ej/, d{i/ fBwkI gVQB/ dh Bhns eo/, shi/
jZE X't/, u"E/ w{zj X't/, gzit/A S'Nh T[Arbh ;/ shB d|/ BZe ;kc eo/, S/t/A nzr{m/ e/ gk; eh
T[Arbh d/ dzd ;k| eo/, ;st/A fszB tkoh gkDh dk p[Ze Go e/ f;o tkbK s'A b? e/ m'vh d/ tkbK
sZe d'jK jZEK Bkb X't/, nmt/A jZEK B{z d' pkjK dhnK noe sZe X't/, ;kE jh w{zj s'A oZp dk
Bkw bt/. fJfsnkde ezw eoB/ ;/ g{ok t[i{ j[zdk j?. t[i{ eoe/ nkdwh fBwkI gVQB :'r j[zdk
j?. gfjb/ ;t/o dh fBwkI gVQ/.
fBtkI gVQB dk sohek
gfjb/ t[i{ eoe/ egVk iK ;c (w[;Zbk) nkfde ftSk e/ wZe/ dh soc w[y eoe/ yVk j't/
ezBK s/ jZE oy e/ fgS/ BkGh w/A d't/A jE fJeZm/ eoe/ nbjwd gVQ eo, fJe coI dh
oeks gVQe/ M[e e/ r'fvUA go jkE oy e/ oeks g{oh j'Jh, fgS'A IwhB T[s/ wZEk N/e/. jo
fJe tes dh fBwkI w/A jo oeks'A ftu fJ; soK eodk j'fJnk fBtkI gVQ/.
1H
gfjbh fBtkI ;t/o dh
fJ; ftu uko oeks jB d' ;[zBs eh d' coI eh, ;{oi uVQB s'A gfjbK fJ; fBwkI dk tes
j?.
2H
d{ih i[jo eh
d[g?fjo t/b/ dh fJ; ftu pkoK oeksK jB. uko gfjb/ ;[zBs uko coI d' c/o ;[zBs d' Bcb
d[g?fjo s'A b? e/ gzi xVh fdB ofjzd/ se fJ; d/ gVQB dk tes j?.
3H
sh;oh n;o eh
fJ; ftu uko oeksK jB. uko'A coI ehnK jB. gzi xVh fdB ofjzd/ ;/ b? e/ ;{oi n;s
j'D sZe fJ; dk tes j?.
4H
wroph
;k:zekb eh fJ; ftu ;s oeksK jB. shB coI eh, d' ;[zBs eh, d' Bcb eh, fdB n;s
;// b/eo id se nekP ftu bkbh oj/ T[d'A sZe fJ; dk tes j?.
5H
fJPkeh
fJ; ftu pkoK oeksK jB. uko xVh oks r[Io rJh s'A fJ; dk tes j[zdk j?.
137

fJBQK gziK s'A fpBK fJe S/thA fBwkI j'o Gh j?. i' fJ; gzith ;kE fwbk e/ gVQh iKdh
j? n"o fJ; ftu gzi oeksK jB. ;' pkoK gzith dhnK s/ gzi S/thA dhnK e[b ;skoK oeksK
jB. uko gfjb/ ;[zBs eh, uko coI eh, d' c/o ;[zBs eh, d' Bcb eh, fszB poPo fBtkI
dh coI eh, d' Bcb dh fJfsnkde oeksK jB. fszB xVh oks rJh s'A b? e/ uko xVh oks
se fJ; dk tes j?.
“fJj fBwkIK feE'A s[ohnK s/ feB feB gfjb'A gVhnK

Bcb
Bcb Bkw Bc/ tkb/ gkm dk j?. sK s/ fiB oeksK ftu ngD/ wB'A pkfSs eh gqkoEBk j? T[j
Bcb dhnK oeksK jB.
“nbjwd”
nbjwd Bkw gow/Pto eh T[;sfs ek j?. :K s/ i' e[okB e/ nkozG w/A(op[b nkbwhB)
ejhJ/ tj[ gow/Pto wkbe j?. ;ko/ ijkB dk fJsnkfde gqw/Pto dh T[;ss fi; d[nkok
T[; dh T[;ss dk p'X ejkT[D tkbk wzrbkuoD j?. T[BQK dk Bkw nbjwd dhnK oeksK j?.
“e[b oeksKL uko nbjwd ehnK, uko coI ehnK, pkoK I[jo ehnK, uko n;[o ehnK,
;Zs wroph dhnK, ;skoK JhPk n"o pPo ehnK, e[b 48 oeksK o'I gVQB tkbhnK jB.
w[;bwkB fJBQK B{z ;dk gVQ/, o'ik oZy/, (30 o'i/ jB), ji eo/ (wZe/ dh :ksok) ieks d/t/
(40 tK fjZ;k) feos dk y[dk BfwZs youDK d[BhnK ;/ w[esh gkt/rk. (r[LfBL;L)
gzi d'P
1H nftZfdnk L
iht nftZfdne j'D eoe/ eJh n?;/ eow eodk j?, fijV/ eoB/ :'r BjhA jBL^
1H ekjb eoBh ftuko Bk eoBh.
2H d{i/ wB[Zy B{z Bk f;nkBDk Bk edo eoBh.
3H nkwdBh you B{z Bk ftukoBk.
4H b'eK dk toskt fej' fijk ukjhdk j?.
5H jo ezw B{z eosko dk j[ew th wzBDK ns/ ftuko th eoBh.
6H eh r[ows nB[;ko jK iK Xow s'A T[bN uZb fojk jK.
7H T[;skdK pI[orK dh fe; soQK edo eoBh j?.
8H d[BhnK ftZu nkT[D dk eh gq:'iB j? fJzBQK uhiK B{z Bk ;'uDK nftZfdnk j?.
2H n;zwsk L
nkg;h ftoshnK dk Neokn ofjDK, Xow, fptjko, ;wkie, okiBhse gZy ftu G/d p[Xh
ofjDh, okfJ dk gq;go BK fwbDK.
3H okr L
gfotko fwZsoK d/ w'j ftu g? e/ Xow eoB B{z fgZm d/ d/Dh, okr Bkw gqhsh dk j?.
4H dt?P L
139

d{;o/ nkdwh dh uVQdh ebk t/y e/ Jhoyk fBzdk eoBhA J/j/ i/j/ n"r[DK B{z d_?y efjzd/ jB.
5H nfGfBt/P L
fe;/ wjkB r[DtkB g[oP d/ r[DK B{z nZy'A go/ eoe/ d'P no'gD eoB/ n?t/A M{mk jm eoh
ikDK.
fJBQK dh Bftosh dk ;kXB
ftfdnk s'A nftfdnk dh Bftosh, joh r'ftzd dh f;q;Nh ikD e/ ;G Bkb okr (gq/w) eoe/
w'j dk BkP eoBk, w'j wwsk fsnkr e/ T[;ss fBzdk s'A ofjs j' e/ w'j dk Bk; eo d/DK,
pqjw frnkB s'A n;wsk dk Bk; ehsk, pqjw fdqPNh s'A d_?y dk Bk;, d{;fonK B{z nkgD/ Bkb'A
gftZso ikD e/ nfGfBt/P dk Bk; ehsk.
gzi sZs L^
nekP, tk:{, nrBh, gkDh, Xosh . JhPto B/ f;q;Nh dh ouBK t/b/ wk:k ns/
wk:k s'A fszB r[D, gzi sZs, gzih gqfeoshnK nkfd g?dk ehshnK ns/ 84 by gqeko dh
f;qPNh uko ykDhnK d/ o{g ftu gqrN ehsh, T[; dh fJZSk ftu f;qPNh ofjzdh j? T[;/ dh
fJSk nB[;ko bhB j' iKdh j? nkg fszB jkbsK ftu fBob/g jh ofjzdk j?.
gzi e'P L^
e'P Bkw fwnkB dk j? fit/A sbtko s'A e'P oZfynk eodk j? fst/A e'P (fwnkB) ;oho dh
oZfynk eod/ jB.
1H
nBzdw: e'P L^
ekoD ;oho B{z nBzdw: e'P efjzd/ jB, (;[X ;s' r[D ;fjs wk:k JhPo dk ekoD ;oho j?
s/ wfbB ;s' r[D ;fjs nftfdnk nzP iht dk ekoD ;oho j?) feT[Afe T[so ;oho e/
nkozGe gzi ;{Sw G{s wB, p[X, fus, njzeko, gzi gqkD, gzi eow fJzdq:, gzi r:kB
fJzdqh: iht ek ;{yw ;oho j?. ;zg{oD ;E{b pqjwKv JhPo ek ;E{b ;oho j? n"o ihtB e/
t:;fN ;E{b ;oho gqf;ZX j? fJzBQK fszBK ;ohoK ftu gzi e'P jB.
2H ftr:kB w:, wB' w:, gqkD w: fJj fszB/ e'P ;{yw ;oho d/ jB, gzi frnkB
fJzdqh: n"o fB;u: o{g nzsjeoD dh fpqsh p[fX ftfrnkB w: e'P ejhJ/ j?.
3H
4H
5H
gzi frnkB fJzdqh: ns/ ;zebg ftebg nzsPeoD eh ftosh wB' w: e'P ejhJ/ j?.
gzi gqkD ns/ gzi eow fJzdqh: gqkDw: e'P ejhJ/ j?.
;E{b ;oho nzB w: e'P ejhJ/ j?.
fJ; ohsh ;fjs fszBK ;ohoK ftu jh gzu e'P jB. JhPto e/ ;oho w/A JhPto e/ e'P
ihtK e/ ;ohoB w? iht e/ e'P j?. fwnkB eh fBnkJh gzu e'P nkswk e/ ;_o{g B{z nSkdB
140

eod/ jB (ftL;kL)
gzi tkftnK dh tfvnkJh
ftZfdnk, tuBK, tg{s/, t;sq, ftGt wBkfJ]
gzi/ tkt/ wkB[y B{z d/D tvkJh XkfJ] noEks
ftZfdnk, tg[ :k ;oho, t;sq(egV/), tuB, ftGt
(XB)fJzBK gziK tkftnK Bkb wB[y tfvnkJh gKT[dk j?.
gzi gqkD
1H gqkD L fBtk; fjod/ ftu, G[y fgnk; dk ezw eodk j?.
2H ngkD L r[dk n;EkB, wbw{so dk fsnkr eotKdh j?.
3H ;wkB L BkGh n;EkB, ykXh ghsh t;s{ B{z jIw eodh j?.
4H T[dkB L ezm n;EkB, ;tk;K B{z ubkT[D dk ezw eodh j?.
5H t:kB L ;ko/ ;oho ftu gqt/P eoe/ ;ko/ o;K B{z gq;go fwbKdh j?.
gzi T[ggqkD
fgqEth, ib, s/i, tk:{, nekP gziK d/ oi' r[D s'A fJe fJe eow dh T[sgsh ejh j? n"o
ngkB, ;wkB, gokD, T[dkB, t:kB fJzBK dh th fgqEth nkfde fJe fJe oi' r[D nzP s/
T[sgsh ejh j?.
1H Bkr s'A fBw/y,
2H e{ow s'A ShAe, 3H feqeb s'A izGkJh
4H d/tds s'A fwqs ;oho 5H XBzi: s'A c[bktD feqnk j't/.
gzi gqkD fJzdq/
d'jokL XktB, e{dB, g;oBk, ;e[uB ,ubB ;g"B ]
gKu ej/ r[D ikBhJ/ sEk nzP rfs s"B ]
5 :'r dk fBu'V L^
1H :w eoe/ ;oho P[ZX eoBK 2H t?okr Bkb wB B{z ftP/ ftekoK s'A o'eDK
3H f;XhnK gqkgs eoBhnK 4H fBoftebg ;wkXh ftu bhD j'DK 5H w[esh gqkgs eoBh
gzu w[Zdok
1H y/uoh^ ihG Bkb ;zx d/ d't/A S/e pzd eoe/ ;tk; o'eD/A.
141

2H G{uoh^ gdw nk;D p?m e/ BIo B{z BZe d/ f;o/ s/ fNekT[DK .
3H ukuoh^ 3 fJzu T[s/ ;[ywBK s/ gk; Bio fNekT[Dh.
4H r'uoh^ ezBK ftu o{z iK w'w Goe/ yZp/ ezB d/ wzso B{z ;Zi/ oKjh ;[DBK.
5H T[BwBh^ ;oho d/ ;ko/ dtko/ o'e bzp/ ;tk; b?D/.
pkeh w{bpzX, ibzXo pzX, T[fdnkB pzX, wjKpzX gqkDK B{z o'eD d/ ikoh eoB nkfde ;kXB
jB .
gzi sZs L ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, njzeko nkfde. ;s, ;zs'y, dfJnk, Xow, noE.
y/uoh, G{uoh, ukuoh, T[BwBh,nr'uoh. ;tkdL fcZek, yZNk, uogok, ykok, wX[o.
fefonkL (s:kr, ;kyh, gqb:, gkbB, T[sgsh). njzeko L(Bokjw, ;tkjw, wjzwe'jzw,
njzw) w[eshL (fBor[D, ;i[i, ;o{g, ;whg, ;b'e ) nBzdL (pqjwkBzd, gowkBzd,
ndt?skBzd, :'rkBzd, fpy:kBzd) ;oho L(e/tb, wjKekoD, ekoD, ;{yw, ;E{b) r[DL
(fBor[D, ;or[D, oi', ;s', sw') nt;Ek L(T[BwBh, s[ohnk, ;[y'gfs, ;tgB,ikrqs)
;EkB L(pqjw^ozXo Gto, r[ck, r[bkN, ;qh jkN, fsqe{N) ;to{g L(eosk wjsst, ;t:z,
i'sh, fjoDroG, t?okN) tkjB ( ro[V, f;zj, fpqyG, jz;, j;fs), ukb (P'y, whB, eg
fpqjzrw, fggb) b'e L(b'ekb'e, ;s: b'e, e?bkP b'e, p?e[zm b'e, fwqs{ b'e) gqwkD L(fpzd[,
noX uzdq, e[zvb, dzve, skVe ) gzi fgnko/L(GkJh d:k f;zx ih, GkJh Xow f;zx ih ,
GkJh fjzws f;zx ih , GkJh w[jew f;zx ih , GkJh ;kfjp f;zx ih) gzuKrBh( uko X{DhnK s/
fJe ;{oi), gzi gKv' (:[fXPNo, noiB, Be[b, Ghw ;?B, ;fjd/t)
6 (S/ dh frDsh)
S/ G/y ^ i'rh, izrw, ;q/tV/, ;zfBnk;h, dot/P, fpgo.
S/ ish ^ r'oy, dsksq/:, jB{zwkB, G?ot, bSwD, GhPw fgskwk(d/tpqs, rzr/t)
fJ;/ d/ Bkw jB.
S/ fteko^ iBw, n;s, fpqX, ftgqB, S?, sB Bk;.
S/ p/d d/ nzr^ f;fynk, ebg, ftnkeoB, fBo[es, Szd, i'fsP.
yN ;zgsh^ ;w, dw, ;oXk, ;wkXkB, T[gqkw, sfsZS:k.
S/ nBkdh t;s{nK^ pqjw, JhP_o, iht, wkfJnk, wkfJnk dk u/sB Bkb ;pzX,
nBkdh t;s{nK dk nkg; ftu G/d.
yN Gr GrtkB d/^ i;, n?;_oi, t?okr, T[dkosk, bfSwh, frnkB.
S/ fuzoihth^ n;_;Ekwk, pbh, p:k;, jB{zwkB, GGhyD, feqgkukoi.
S/ i'sh ^ ;{oi, uzdqwk, sko/, fpibh, nrBh, pkDh.
S/ ;Gk^ f;X ;Gk, ;zs ;Gk, ;kX ;Gk, f;y ;Gk, r[o ;Gk, d[;N ;Gk.
S/ T[owhnK^ izwDK, woDk, S[Xk, fsqyk, joy, P'e.
S/ T[owhnKL i:s/, ;Eh:s/, toXs/, gqDzws/, yh:s/, ftB;s/.
142

S/ uZeo w{bk uZeo, BkGh uZeo, fodk uZeo, ezm uZeo, skb{ uZeo,
d;wd[nko uZeo.
S/ uZeo uZeo S/ jh T[BQK d/ n;EkB^
w{bkXko uZeo
r[dk
;_?fXPmkB uZeo
fbzr
wBh g{oe uZeo
BkGh
nBkjs uZeo
fjodk
ft;[ZX uZeo
ezm
nkfrnk uZeo
fGqe[Nh
yN eow^ 1Hig 2Hj'w 3H;zX:k 4H PBkB 5HnfsfE ;/tk 6H d/t nouk(g{ik).
yN o; ^ fwZmk, yZNk, ;b{DK, e"Vk, uogok, e;?bk.
S/ w'sh pizsh wkbk^ pK;h, ;hgh, ;{eoh, froh, eoh, wmPkb .
S/ Pk;sq^ ;Ky: Pk;sq, fBnkfJ Pk;sq, ftP/Pe Pk;sq, fwwkPe Pk;sq,
:'r Pk;sq, t/dKs Pk;sq.
S/ Pk;sqK d/ eos/ ^ egb, r'sw, eBkfd,i?wBh, gszibh, fpnk; ih.
S/ fbzr p/d d/^ 1) T[geqw T[g ;zxko ^ nkd nzs eh J/esk.
2) nfGnk;^ tkoztko gVQBk.
3) ng{opsk^ nb"feesk.
4) cb^ w'yP.
5) noE tkd^ T[;ssh
6) T[ggsh^ nBe{b fdqPNKs .
S/ o[sK ^ p;zs o[s, rqhyw o[s, gkt; o[s, ;od o[s, fjw o[s, f;;o o[s
1H p;zs o[s L u/s s/ t?;ky wjhB/ fJ;/ o[s ftu frD/ iKd/ jB pB;gsh cbdh c[bdh j?.
2H rqhyw L fJj o[s i/m jkV B{z wzBd/ jB, gZeh c;b ;KG e/ xo fbnKT[Ad/ jB.
3H po;ks L ;ktD s/ Gkdo'A wjhB/ fJ;/ o[s ftu Pkwb jB po;ksK th fJ;/ o[s ftu
j[zdhnK jB.
4H ;od o[s L n;{ eZse dk wjhBk fJ; ftu BthnK c;bK phihnK iKdhnK jB. f;nkb
dk nkozG th fJ;/ o[s ftu j[zdk j?.
5H f;;hno L wZxo g'j wjhB/, mzY dk g{ok i'pB j[zdk j?. ;koh pB;gsh ;V iKdh j?,
gk+/ dk g{ok i'o j[zdk j?.
6H fjweo L wkx s/ cZrD d/ wjhfBnK ftu ;o'A nkfd dk fyVDK ns/ fpqSK dhnK
e{zpbK dk c[ZNDK fJ; o[s ftZu j[zdk j?.
S/ gqwkB ^ gqsy gqwkD, nB[wkB gqwkD, T[gwkB gqwkD,
Ppd gqwkD, noEkgsh gqwkD, nBT[gbpXh gqwkD.
1H gqsyL fe;/ oZi/ j'J/ g[oy B{z t/ye/ ;wM b?DK, fJj oZfink j'fJnk j?. gqsZy
Bkw ;kjwD/A dk j?. fijVk ekoi ;kjwD/ j't/ T[; B{z gqwkD dh b'V Bjh g?Adh, gqsZy B{z eh
gqwkD dh b'V j?<
143

2H nB[wkBL fit/A e'Jh fe;/ s'A gqPkdk wzr/ fpBK wzr/ jh ikD b?DK fJj G[Zyk j? iK
X{zJ/ s'A pbdh nZr dk nzdkik bkT[Dk, nB[wkB gqwkD j?.
3H Ppd L fit/A fe;/ dk fgsk god/; frnk j't/ e'Jh fuZmh gk d/t/ s/ok fgsk
r[Io frnk j?. wfonk d/fynk sK Bjh, ;[B/jk fuZmh B{z mhe ;wM e/ wzB b?DK Ppd gqwkD
j?.
4H T[gwkBL fe;h g[oP B/ e'Jh ikBto d/fynk Bk j't/. pB ftu'A nkJ/ g[oP s'A
T[; dh T[gwk ;[Dh j't/ e/ rt: rK tork ikBto b?. fe;/ ;w/A T[; g[oP Bkb ik e/ d/y bt/
ns/ gSkD eo bt/ T[gwkB gqwkD j?.
5H noEkgfsL fit/A e'Jh g[oP fdB/ fe;/ ;kjwD/ G'iB Bk ykt/ go T[; d/ Poho dh
;E{bskJh f;X eodh j? fe fJj oks B{z u'oh G'iB yKdk io{o j?. G'iB s'A fpBK w'NkgB
ofjDK n;zGt j?. sK s/ fJj oks B{z io{o o'NhnK b/VQdk j?. n?;k nB[Gt eoB dk Bkw
noEkgfs gqwkD j?.
6H nBT[gbpfX L fit/A xo nkfde ftu ofjzfdnK j'fJnK fJj Gk; j'DK fe d/j s'A b?
e/ ;ko/ gdkoE Bk;tzs jB. i' gdkoE d/ Bk; j'D dk wB ftu fB;uk j?. fBPu/ d/ Bkb j/s[
j'DK fJ; B{z nBT[gbpfX gqwkD efjzd/ jB.
yN okr^
G?oT[, wkbeT[;e, fjzv'b, dhge, f;ohokr,w/xokr
1H okr G?oT[. okrDhnK^ G?oth, fpbktbh, g[zfBnkeh, pzrbh, n;b/yh.
2H okr wkbe";. okrDhnK^ r"Aveoh,d/trzXkoh, rzXkoh, ;hj[sh, XBk;oh.
3H okr^ fjzv'b. okrDhnK^s/bzrh, d/teoh, p;zsh, ;zX{o, ;o; njhoh.
4H okr dhge. okrDhnK^ eS/bh, gNwzioh, N'vh, ekw'dh, r{ioh.
5H okr f;ohokr. okrDhnK^ p?okVh, eoBkNh, rT[Vh, nk;ktoh, f;zXth.
6H okr w/x. okrDhnK^ ;'ofm, r'Av,wbkoh, nk;k, ;{jh.
S/ pyfPPK^
1H ;[Eo/ Pkjh^ fJBK go pyfPP r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh j'Jh.
2H;zr ;kfjphJ/^ fJBK go pyfPP r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh s/ r[[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp ih dh j'Jh.
3H ihs wZbhJ/^ fJBK go pyfPP r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh j'Jh.
4H pys wZbhJ/^
fJBK go pyfPP r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh j'Jh.
5H Grs GrtkBhJ/^ fJBk go pyfPP r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp ih dh j'Jh.
144

6HwhjK PkjhJ/^
fJBK go pyfPP r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh
j'Jh(fJBK dk fwbkg T[dk;h ;zgqdkfJ Bkb j?/).
Bhsh d/ S/ r[D L^ 1H ;zXh^ fwbkg 2H fprqj^ fto'X eoBk 3H ;EkB^ ;wK ftuko e/
u[Zg ofjDK 4H ;w[d:wh^ nkgDh fpqXh ;w/A t?oh go uVQkJh eoBh 5H r[gsfw^ ;?Bk e'P
nkfd dh oZfynk eoBh 6H btXgq;wBkfB^ i' d/P fiZfsnk ikt/ T[; w/A PKsh ;Ekfgs
eoBK.
6 d'y
ftfdnk dk nfXekoh 6 d'yK s'A ofjs j't/.
;[yh, ftnkXh, nkb;h e[wfs o;e pj[ ;'fJ]
fsj nfXeko Bfj Pk;sq e' yN d'yh iB i'fJ]
S/ eowK dk fBoBK
eow Ppd eqh Xks{ s'A pfDnk j? fi; d/ noE jB eow eoBk, g[zB gkg ns/ fwPqs d'jK d/
;[w/b g?dk j'J/ th jB fJE/ S/ eowK s/ thuko ehsk ik fojk j?L^
1H nXD:, 2HnXkgB, 3H :iB, 4H :kiB, 5HdkB, 6Hgqfsfrqfj.
ftfdnk gVQBh s/ gVQkT[Dh, iZr eoBk s/ eotkT[DK, dkB d/DK s/ b?DK fJj S/ eow
pqkjwDK d/ jB. yZsoh d/ ftZfdnk gVQBh, d/P dh oZfynk eoBh, dkB d/DK, iZr eoBK,
uko eow jB. t?P d/ fszB eow dkB d/DK, tkgko eoBk, y/sh eoBh s/ gP{nK dk gkbD
eoBK. P{do dk fJe eow fszBK poBK dh ;/tk eoBh nkfde jB. Bhu/ i'rhnK d/ S/ eowK
dk t/otk fdZsk iKdk j? L^
1H X'sh L uko T[ArbK u"Vh gzdoK jZE bzwh pohe p;so dh bho row gkDh ftu frZbh
eoe/ fJe jZE o'i fBrbD dk nfGnk; eoBK. gzdoK fdBK ftZu gzdoK jZE fBrb b?Dh,
fgSbk feBkok jZE Bkb pb Bkb geV b?DK. fJj fefonk ykbh g/N fBoB/ eoBh j?. c/o
j"bh j"bh bho pkjo eZY b?Dh. fJ; sok eoB Bkb nKdoK ;kc j' iKdhnK jB. fJj
fefonk r[o{ dh ;jkfJsk Bkb jh f;ZX ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB.
2H B/sh L fJe frZm Go ;{so dk v'ok pohe s/ w[b?w b? e/ g{oe BZe ftu uVkT[DK,
gqkDK d/ I'o Bkb T[; dk f;ok w[y o;s/ eZY e/ d'B'A f;o/ cVQ e/ j"bh j"bh Bk;ek ns/ rb/
dh ;ckJh eoBh.
3H fBT[bh L d'B' w'Y/ BhAt/A eoe/ fgZm dk tb eYe/ f;X/ j' e/ p?mDK, gqkDK d/ pb s'A ;Zi/
yZp/ T[go j/mK fJ; soK ubkfJwkB eoBk, i?;/ wXkDh d/ x[zwD Bkb ukNh ftu djhA dh rs
j[zdh j?.
145

4H t;sh L X[zBh sKJh gkDh ftu yb' e/ iK p?m e/ 6 T[Arb bzph T[Arb ;w w'Nh pK; dh
Bbeh b? e/ uko T[ArbK r[dk ftZu gqt/P eoe/ gqkDK d/ pb Bkb fJ; ftu gkDh fyu e/ g/N
s/ BkVhnK dk ;kc eoBk.
5H sqkNe L B/soK dh fNefNeh fe;/ fJe fBPkB s/ bk e/ T[sBh d/o T[; ftu t/yd/ ofjDK
id she B/soK ftu ib nk e/ fdqPNh EZe Bk ikt/. fJ; Bkb fdqPNh ftu pb nk iKdk j?.
fi; tZb t/y' T[j nkfrnk dk gkbD eodk j?.
6H G;ok (egkfb Gkfs) L
T[sokT[DK ns/ uVkT[DK.
b[jko dh X"AeDh tKr o/ue g{oe d[nkok gokDK B{z pko pko
7H G[:zrw (e[zvbBh) L
T[j BkVh i' ;[ywBk dk p{jk pzd oZydh j?. fi; B{z wjk
e;N s'A gqkD nfGnk; d/ i'o eoe/ :'rh iB go/ jNk e/ (d;w d[nko) ftu iKd/ jB.
8H Gkmh L wkb;a Bkb ihG gsbh ns/ fJsBh bzwh eoBh i' G"jK B{z S' ikt/ ns/ w'V e/
ezm ftu gqt/P eoBk fi; eoe/ ihG dh B'e skb{J/ d/ T[go i' S/e j? T[; B{z pzd eo bt/
n?;k eoB Bkb gokD nfGnk; s'A T[sgzB j'Jh rowh fsqe[Nh d/ yZp/ gk;/ i'rhnK d/ fXnkB
ehs/ j? uzdowK s'A nzfwqs NgeKT[Adh j?. :'r PkPsok ftu fJ; o; dk Bkw nzfwqs tkoDh
eoe/ fbfynk j?.(r[ows gqGkeo)
S/ bZyDK dk t/otk
uzr/ wkV/ eowK B{z rqzEK ftu bSD fejk iKdk j? L^
1H Bkw B{z nkgDk nkXko nk;ok pDk b?Dk. fit/A pZu/ dk nk;ok d[ZX j[zdk j?. Bkw wB dh
y[oke j?. G'iB gkDh ;oho dh y[oke j?, fit/A G'iB s'A fpBK Poho fvZrdk j?. fJ;/ soQK
tkfjr[o{ d/ Bkw s'A fpBK wB th fJ;fEs BjhA j' ;edk.
2H gq:kB L tkfjr[o{ d/ ouBK dk fXnkB eoBk nsh io{oh j?. fJ; s'A fpBK th wB dk
yb"Dk n"yk j?.
3H frnkB L r: Xks{ s' pfDnk j?. fi; dk noE j? ikBDk irs B{z fwfEnk ;wMBK ns/
tkfjr[o{ B{z ;s ;o{g fpnkge o{g ;wMD tkbh ftosh dk Bkw frnkB j?. wkfJnk ftu
ofjzfdnK fBob/g ofjDK. joy P'e G[y fgnk;, iBw woD dh ntZ;Ek s'A fBokb/ j'D dk
Bkw frnkB j?.
4H fBowb i[rsh L i[rsh s'A fpBK w[esh BjhA fwbdh, r[o{ s'A i[rsh (sIthI) f;ZyDhA fe
fe; Yzr Bkb w?A ;z;ko pzXB s'A ofjs j' ;edk jK.
5H fBot?o L pqjw o{g ikD e/ ;koh f;qPNh Bkb fgnko eoBK fe;/ d/ gqshe{b (T[bN) Bk
uZbDK, T[bN uZbDK jh t?o j?. p[o/ dk th Gbk eoBk, Gb/ dk sK eoBK jh j?. u'o ;kX B{z
pqjw fdqPNh ftZu sZeDK, pdb/ dh GktBK w/N d/DhA ns/ fywK ftosh B{z XkoB eoBK.
146

6H ehosB L tkfjr[o{ ih d/ r[DK dk nB[tkd ehosB j?. fJj th fJe ebi[r ftu T[sw
Grsh j? wB B{z fNekD bJh ns/ fJekro eoB bJh ;[y?B Yzr j?.
6H uZeo L
1H r[dk s/ fbzr d/ ftZu uko db dk nXko uZeo j?. fJ; d/ j/m e[zvbBh BkVh j?. fi;
B{z pqjwozXo ftu uVQkT[D s'A nzfwqs Modh j?.
2H
fbzr d/ w{b ftu yN ek ;tkfXPNkB uZeo j?.
3H BkGh ftu d; db dk wDh g{oe uZeo j?. 4Hfjod/ ftu pkoK db dk nBkjd uZeo j?.
5H ezm ftu ;'bK gzyVhnK dk fp;[X uZeo j?. 6Hfsqe[Nh ftu shB db dk nBkjd uZeo j?.
(r[LfBL;L)
d{;o/ rqzEK d/ nB[;ko
1H
w{bkXko uZeo r[dk ftu fi; ftu w{X/ w[y dk uko gzyVhnK tkbk ghbk ewb j?.
2H
ewb j?.
;_?fXPNkB uZeo fbzr d/ w{b ftu j? fi; ftu bkb ozr dk T{oX w[y d; gZshnK dk
3H
j?.
4H
5H
6H
wDhg{oe uZeo BkGh d/ w{b ftu j? i' Bhb/ ozr dk T{oX w[y d; gZshnK dk ewb
nBkjs j? pkoK db dk ;toB ewb fjod/ ftu j?.
ft;[X uZeo bkb ozr dk T{oX ;'bK db dk ewb ezm ftu j?.
nkfrnk uZeo G"jK d/ wX d' gzyVhnK dk T{oX w[y fuZNk ewb j?.
S/ doPB(ws) iK PkPsq
g{op whwK;k, t?P/Pe, B:k: iK soe ;zrqfj, gkszib, ;Ky, t/dKs .
1Hg{op whwK;k L t/dK B{z wzBD s/ I'o fdzdk j?. fJj eow dh fET{oh B{z w[y wzBdk j?.
eowK d/ gqGkt s'A iht, d/tsk, ntsko nkfde T[u gdthnK gqkgs j[zdhnK jB. iht pqjw
dh J/esk BjhA wzBdk, iht dh gj[zu f;oc ;tor sZe j?. ;tor d/ ;[y jh w[esh jB.
i?wBh foPh fJ; dk eosk j?.
2H t?P/Pe L fJj S/ gdkoEK B{z wzBdk j?.
147

1H gdkoE r[D L (o{g, o;, rzX, ;goP, ;zy:k, gqwkD, gqEest, ;zi'r, ftGkr,
gqst, ngqst, e[ost, dqtst, ;B/j, ;apd, p[fX, ;[y, d[y, fJZSk, dt?P, gq:sB, Xow,
nXow, ;z;eko ]
2H
gdkoE dqt: L fgqEth, ib, nrBh, gtB, nekP, ekb, fdPk, nkswk.
3H sh;ok gdkoE L ( eow). 4H u"Ek gdkoE L ;wkB: (ikfs) .
5H gzitK gdkoE L ftP/P . 6H S/tK gdkoE L (;wtk:) ;pzX .
fJj S/ gdkoE fBs nBkfd jB, fgqEth, ib, nrfB, no gtB , gqwkD{ o{g fBs
jB ns/ ;E{b o{g eoe/ nfBZs: jB. iht nkswk ;G ;ohoK s'A fGzB fGzB jB. gqwkswk
iht nkswk s'A :[dk j?. gqwkD{nK s'A ;[Gkfte f;qPNh dh ouBk j'Jh j?. S/ gdkoEK d/ g{oB
frnkB s'A w[esh dh gqkgsh j[zdh j?. Bt/A t?P/Pe wZs tkfbnK B/ nGkt B{z th gdkoE wzfBnk
j?. fJ; soQK fJj obD eoe/ t?P/Pe ws d/ ;Zs gdkoE j[zd/ jB. ;' fJj t?P/Pe Pk;sq dk
ws j?.
3H
B:k: iK soe ;zrqfj L fJ; d/ eos/ r"sw ih B/ ;'bK gdkoE wzB/ jB L^
1H gqwkD, 2H gqw/:, 3H ;z;:, 4H gq:'iB, 5Hnt:b, 6H soe, 7H fdqPNKs, 8H f;XKs, 9H
fBoD:, 10H tkd, 11H ibg, 12H ftszvk 13H j/stk Gk; 14H sb, 15Hikfs, 16HfBrqfj
;EkB
;'bK gdkoEK dk fBoB:
1H gqwkDL
2H gqw/: L
(gqsZy, nB[wkB, T[BwkB, Ppd).
(nkswk, ;oho, fJzdq:, noE, p[Xh, wB, gqfpqsh, d'P, gq/sGkt,
cb, d[y, w[efs)
3H ;z;:. 4H gq:'iB. 5H nt:b L (gqsZr:k, j/s[, T[dkjoD, T[gB:, fBowkB)
6H sofe(:[rsh),7H fdqPNKs, 8H f;XKs, 9H fBoD:.
10H tkdL
(fiZs jko dk fynkb SZv e/ :EkoE frnkB tk;s/ uouk)
11H ikbgL (fiZsD dk fynkb oy e/ uouk eoBh)
12H ftszvk L (e/tb d{i/ g[oy d/ gZy B{z v/rD tk;s/ Sb egN Jhoyk jm Bkb uouk eoBh)
13H j/stk Gk;L (;G:fGuko, fto[X, gqeoD;w, ;kd:;w, ekbkshs).
14HSb, 15H ikfs. 16H fBrqfj ;EkBL (noEks wke{b ipKp B c[oBk fi; s'A jko ikt/.)
148

fJBQK 16 gdkoEK :Ek eow sst r:kB s'A w[esh gqkgs j[zdh j?, i' d[y dk ns:zs Bk; o{g
j?. iht nkswk gqwkswk s'A fGzB j? ns/ nG/dsk B{z gqkgs BjhA j[zdk , gqwkD{nK d/ fJeZm s'A
;E{b gdkoEK dh ouBk j'Jh j?. fJfsnkfde ws wjkswk r"sw dk j?.
4 H gszib PkPsq :'r doPB
fJ; dk gquko eoB tk;s/ wjkswk gszib ih j'J/ jB. PkPsq dk f;XKs fJj j? fe fdqPNk
n"o fdqP: d' gdkoE jB. g[oP fdqPNk j?. pkeh ;G gqfeosh o{g ftPt ;G fdqP: j?.
gofeofs irs dk T[gkdkB n"o JhPto Bfws ekoB j?. fus dhnK fposhnK fi; t/b/ o[e
iKdhnK jB sd j'o fdqP Bk j'D eoe/ fdqPNk dh nkgD/ ;to{g ftu fJ;fEsh j[zdh j?. fus
ftosh d/ o'eD dk ;kXB t?okr n"o nfGnk; j?. fi; s'A fus g{oB J/ekrosk B{z gqkgs
eodk j? n"o fJ;/ dk BKT[ i'r j?, :w, fB:w, nk;D, gqkDk:kw, gqfsnkjko, XkoDk,
X:kB n"o ;wkfX eoe/ nzsjeoD dh wbhBsk fwN iKdh j?. gqfeosh n"o g[oP B{z fGzB fGzB
ikD e/ frnkB dk gqekP j[zdk j? n"o nkswk gqfeosh pzXBK s'A w[efs j' e/ ngD/ nkg B{z
gqfeosh s'A fGzB ikDdk j'fJnk w[esh B{z gqkgs j[zdk j?. ;' gszib ws dk PkPsq j?.
5H ;Ky: PkPsq L
fJj doPB d/ eosk wjkswk egb w[Bh ih j'J/ jB n"o fJBQK B/ 25 sZs wzB/ jB.
1H gqfeofs L fefonk Pesh fi; s'A ;G t;s{nK pDhnK jB n"o i' nkg fe;/ s' BjhA pDh
n"o i' ;s oi sw fszBk r[DK dh ;w nt;Ek o{g j?.
2H wjs L r[DK ftu ftywsk j'D eoe/ gqfeofs d/ yS'p ekoD i' sZs T[gfink n"o i'
;oho ftu p[Xh o{g eoe/ fJ;fEs j?.
3H njzeko L fi; dk ;o{g jT[w? j?.
4H gzi sB wksqkJ/ L Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o;, rzX.
5H frnkoK fJzdqhnKL gzi frnkB fJzdqhnK, gzi eow fJzdqhnK, frnkotK wB .
6H gzi wjK G{s L
fgqEth, ib, tk:{, nrBh, nekP.
7H g[oPL
(u?sB: Pesh)
8H ;Ky: ws nB[;ko irs fBZs j? n"o gqwkD o{g gqtkj Bkb ;dk pdbdk ofjzdk j?.
gqfeosh B{z g[oP dh, g[oP B{z gqfeosh dh ;jkfJsk dh io{os j?. fJeZb/ d't/A
fB;cb jB. ihtkswk gqsh ;oho fGzB fGzB jB.
p[Xh njzeko, frnkoK fJzdqhnK, gzi sB wksok, fJzBK dk ;w[dk: ;{yw (fbzr) ;oho
j?, i' eow n"o frnkB dk nkXko o{g j?, ;E{b ;oho d/ Bk; j'D s'A fJ; dk Bk; BjhA
j[zdk. ;{yw ;oho eow n"o frnkB tkPBk eoe/ gq/fonk j'fJnk fJe ;oho s'A ftS[V e/
149

d{ih d/j ftu gqt/P eodk j?. fbzr ;oho dk gqb: gq:zs BkP BjhA j[zdk j?. gqb: nt;Ek
;w/A gqfeosh ftu b?: j' iKdk j?. f;qPNh dh T[sgsh t/b/ c/o Bt/A f;o/ T[gidk j?, id g[oP
fpp/e Bkb nkgD/ nkg B{z p[Xh s' fGzB d/ydk j?, sd p[Xh eoe/ gqkgs j'J/ ;zskgK s'A d[y
BjhA j[zdk. fJ;/ fGzBsk dk Bkw w[esh j?. fJj T[go fbfynk ws PkPsq dk j?.
6H t/dKs Pk;sq T[so whwK;k L
fJ; doPB d/ gqukoe t/d ftnk; ih jB. t/dKs ws nB[;ko pqjw dh ;Zsk n"o
Pesh eoe/ wk:k d[nkok ;G e[M pqjw s'A T[gfink j?, n"o T[;/ ftu b?: j't/rk. P[X
wkfJnk ftu pqjw dh gqshfpzp JhPo no wbhB wkfJnk ftu gqshfpzp iht j?. iht n"o
nfpBkPh fJe j?, go T[gkXh G/d eoe/ fGzB fGzB Gk;dk j?, T[gkXh G/d fwNkT[D go P[X
pqjw ;kE nG/dsk j[zdh j?. pqjw frnkB d[nkok G/d Gkt fwNk e/ nkswk dk ;ky:ks eko
j[zdk j?. fJ;/ dk BkT[ e?tb: w'y j?. fJj t/dKs PkPso dk ws (iht pqjw dh nG/dsk )
j?.
(r[ows gqGkeo)
6 nze
d'jok L d[y ftu pzX{ ikDhJ/, GhV gJ/ fsq:k ikB.
go fwsq B{z b'V ftu, i/ s{z us[o ;[ikB .
fwsq gohfynk
r[gs pks Gky/ ;[B/, b/s d/s fpB ;ze. ykfJ y[bkfJ gq/w eo yN fpX fwsqB nze](gzuszsq)
&
nzfwqs ;iB w/b j? nr mzv ftu p{M. oki wkB nzfwqs ;wM, nzfwqs G'iB d{X.
1, 2 L r[gs pks efjDh s/ ;qtD eoBh.
3, 4 L fpBK PzeK s'A ykDk fybkT[DK. 5, 6 L b?DK s/ d/DK .
okiBhsh tkfbnK B/ ;Zu/ fwZso d/ S/ bZSD dZ;/ jB.
d' fwZsoK dh ;kyh
fJe s' n:'r ekoi j'D eoe/ oki/ tb'A cK;h dk j[ew ;[Dk fdZsk. cK;h d/D t/b/
d{ik fwZso cK;h s/ uVQB bJh fsnko j' frnk. gfjbk fJZXo T[Xo ubk frnk. eowukoh
efjzdk j? t/y s/o/ Bkb X'yk eoe/ s/o/ r+ w"s dk ckjk gk e/ ubk frnk. fJ; B/ fejk fJ;
Bkb'A j'o eh uzrk j? fwZso tk;s/ w/ok sB bZr ikt/. fJsB/ B{z gfjbk nk frnk. d'B' cK;h
uVQB s'A bV oj/ jB, w?A cK;h rb gkT[Dh j?, w? cK;h uVQBK j?. ;kfonK dk fXnkB fJzBQK
tZb j' frnk. cK;h dk ;wK fBeb frnk, d'B' poh j' e/ xo ub/ rJ/. n?;h ;Zuh fwZsosk
dh b'V j?.
150

S/ ftXhnK Nhek eoB dhnK.
Nhek eoBKL
gd: Szdk gdkoE'efs ftrqj: tke: :': Bk]
ny:g' nfs ;wkXkBz yN fpXz fp:ky:Bz f;zwqsz]
noEksL
1H tke d/ gd ty' ty nkyB/. 2H gdK d/ noE dZ;D/. 3H t:keoD nB[;ko gdK dh ;zXh
eY e/ t:[s gfs eoBh. 4H tke d/ (nBt?) nr/ fgZS/ eoB/. 5H tke d/ noE ftu Pzek
eoBh. 6H T[; Pze/ dk (;wkXkB eoBK) T[Zso d/DK . fJj S/ ftXhnK Nhe/ dhnK ejhnK
jB.
XB ewkT[D d/ S/ sohe/ L^
1H fGZfynk 2H B"eoh 3H y/sh 4H ftZfdnk 5H ftnki 6Htgko ]
wzrD Bhu, efmB feq;kBh, eko jkE eh T[R fBwkBh,
go nXhB j? Pkj pb'Nh, ikBB ;G B"eoh y'Nh.
;GBh rZbh tDi uzr/ok, Uvk bkjk i/vk i/ok ]
jm :'r d/ w[ZYb/ S/ ;kXB L^
1H B/sh^ g/N dh ;ckJh bJh 11 fJzu ;{s fBrbDK.
2H X'sh^ gzdoK jZE bzwK s/ fszB fJzu u"Vk egVk gkDh Bkb fGT[A e/ fBroDK.
3H p;sh^ r[dk okjhA gkDh uVQkT[DK.
4H ri eow^ g/N gkDh Bkb Goe/ ;kc eoBk.
5H fBT[bh^ ;ko/ BbK B{z fjbkT[Dk.
6H sKfsqe^ fdqPNh B{z BZe d/ f;o/ s/ fNekT[Dk.
S/ o[sK (p;zs, rqhyw, toyk, ;od, j/wzs, f;;o) S/ doPB(g{op whwK;k s'A T[so whwK;k
sZe) 6 o;, 6 okr, 6 fuzohihth, 6 uZeo, 6 eow (ig, j'w, ;zX:k, PBkB,nfsEh g{ik,
d/t nouk) 6 tosko/ :'r d/, 6 T[owhnK (1Hik:s/ 2H;Eh:s/ 3HtoXs/ 4H gqDzw:s/
5Hyh:s/ 6H ftB;s/) 6 ozr, (ghs,oes, Bhb, feoyD, ;t/s, ;:kw) 6 d/ts/ (rD/S,
pqjwk, ftPB{z, o[dq, iht, gowjz;) 6 gqeko dh Pesh (;fdp[X, ;kftsqh, ewbk, T[wk,
ftd:k, fJzrbk, fgzrbk, P[PwBk) 6 foPh (JhPo, ;{oi, gtB, fJzdq, nrfB, jz;) 6 ebk
151

(eozw, T[ow/, i'ash, x[wok, itkbk, ;sokth) 6 wksok (neko, jfoy, dhox, g[bsk,
noE, nBoku) 6 ;oho ( ftokN sEk ;E{b, fbzr sEk ;{yw, ekoB, wjK ekoB, e/tb,
frnkB ) 6 tke (p?yoh fijpk w/A, wXwk ezm w/, g;:zsh fjod: w/A, gok BkGh w/,
gowgok fbzr w/ nB[oku (nfGbky ;kro ftu'A)
7 (;Zs dh frDsh)
;s gskb^ 1Hnsb 2Hfpsb 3H;[sb 4Ho;ksb 5Hsbksb 6Hwjksb 7H gskb.
;s nek;^ 1H G{o 2HGto 3H;to 4Hwfjo 5HIB 6Hsg 7H ;s
;s ;w[zdo^ 1H ykok ;w[zdo 2H yho ;w[zdo 3H d[X ;w[zdo 4H fxqs ;w[zdo
5H fJy o; ;w[zdo, 6H wX{ ;w[zdo 7Hfw;N ib ;w[zdo.
wjkB ;s foyh^
g[Bk^
1 wohu 2Hnfsq 3H g[bj 4H g[b;s: 5H eqs[ 6Hnzfrok 7H tf;PN.
1H eSg 2H nfsq 3H tf;PN 4H ftPtkfwZsq 5Hr'sw
6H iwdrfB 7H Gkodtki ns/ fJzBK dhnK :Ekeqw
;s fJ;sqhnK^ 1H nfdsh 2H nB;{Jhnk 3H no[zXsh 4H w/Bek 5Hnfjfbnk 6H o/fDek
7H fxqskuh.
;s ;stkdh g[oP^ 1H joh uzd 2H d;oE 3HXow g[so 4Hokwuzdq ih 5H gow okw
6H pb okik 7H fPth okik.
;s g[ohnK^ 1Hn:[fXnk2HwE[ok 3Hwk:k 4HeKPh 5 ntzsek 6HeKuh 7H d[nkoktsh.
;s ;[oK^ 1H;oi 2HfoyG 3 rzXko 4H wXw 5H gzuw 6H X?ts 7H fBykd.
;orwK dh ntki^ ;[o Bkw jkbs dk j[zdk j? ;[oK Bkw ntkI dk th j?L^
;k, o/, rk, wk, gk, Xk, Bh .
;s XkoK gjkV dhnK ^rzXwkdB,e?bkP,;[w/o,fjwKub, T[fdnkub,fpfXnkub,b'ek b'e.
;s dhg^ 1H izp{ dhg, 2H e[; dhg, 3H byD dhg, 4H ;t/s dhg, 5H eo"u
dhg, 6H ;ke dhg, 7H g[Peo dhg
;s o{g fBnkfJeK d/^ P[eb, Bhb, ghs, bkb, jok, fusq, eg;.
;s tko^ ;'w, wzrb, p[X, tho, P[eo, PBh, n?s.
;s ;[XK^ 1H Xhoi, 2H p[fX, 3H fpp/e, 4H pb, 5H rsfws,6H n";o tes, 7H
pks.
152

d'jok L Xhoi, p[X, fpp/e pb, rsfws, n";o, pks.
r[o sqk; s/ s[oeB e' G[b rJh ;[X ;ks ] (stkohy ykb;k gzBk 996)
wjKGkos dhnK
;s BdhnK ^ 1H t;_'e;kok 2H BfbBh 3H gktBh 4H rzrk 5H ;hsk,
6H izp{Bd 7H f;zX(nNe)
nrB dhnK ^ 1H ekbh 2H eokbh 3HwB'itk 4H ;[b'fjsk
;s bkNK 5H ;[X{wqtoDk 6H T[rqk 7H gqdhgsk.
;Zs ;[jkrDK ;hsk, skok, wd'doh, do'gsh, njZfbnk, bSwh s/ gkopsh .
rzrk dhnK ;s XkoK^1H BfbBh 2H bkfdBh 3H gktB 4H ue[ 5H ;hsk 6H f;zX[ 7H GrhoE.
;s frnkB dhnK G{fweK^ P[G fJSk, ;[ftukoBk, sB{wkB;k, ;s_kgfs,
n;z;efs, gdkoEkGktBh, s[ohnk.
1H P[G fJSk L^
P[G fJSk T[; B{z efjzd/ jB fe w?A nkfrnk ftu pXk j'fJnk
jK s/ fJ; eoe/ ;zsK dh ;zrs eoK s/ g[SK nfrnkB dk pzXB feT[A eo fwNdk j?.
2H ;[ftukoBk L^
i' ;zsK gk;'A puB ;[D/ jB T[BQK B{z thukohJ/ i' ;zsK B/ y'N/
eow fejV/ dZ;/ jB s/ P[G eow fejV/ dZ;/ jB s/ w/o/ ftu fejV/ fejV/ r[D jB s/ w?A eh
eodK jK ;' ftuko e/ P[G XkoB eoB/ nP[G jNktD/.
3H sB[wkB;kL^
ngD/ wB B{z ;{yw eoBk s/ ig sg dk njzeko Bk eoBk,
;zsK dh ;/tk eoBh, no fJeKs ftu p?m e/ ftuko eoBh fe w/o/ ftu'A fejV/ fejV/ fteko
xN/ jB s/ fejV/ fejV/ P[G bZSD nkJ/ jB no wB dh jT[w? xNktDh nkfde sB[wkB;k
nytkT[Adh j?.
4H ;stkgfs L^
;stkgfs T[; B{z efjzd/ jB fe ;s nksw frnkB j? T[; dk
gqkgs j'Dk s/ ;op irs B{z nfBs ikDBk u"Eh ;stkgfs G{fwek j?. ;' fszB G{fwek
nfrnkB ftu j[zdhnK jB s/ T[BQK ftu irs ikrqs ;kwrqh dh fBnkJhA Gk;dk j? s/ id
;stkgfs nKtdh j? sK irs ;[gB/ dh fBnkJh Gk;dk j?, J/j u"Eh ;stkgfs G{fwek j?.
5H n;z;efs L^
i?;/ ;[y'gfs nkfd j[zdk j? s/ nkg/ T[mdk BjhA i/ e'Jh T[mkJ/
sK T[mdk j? s/ fJ; gzith G{fwek tkb/ d/ ;z;/ ;G Bftos j' iKd/ jB, nkg c/o ;z;k Bjh
j[zdk go i/ e'Jh ej/ irs j?, sK e[S ;z;k g?dk j[zdk j?. ykD ghD dk fttjko e'Jh T[mk e/
153

eokJ/ sK eodk j? go nkg/ G[y BjhA j[zdh go fJ; dh pikJ/ u"Eh nt;Ek tkb/ B{z fJj
fttjko nkg/ c[odk j?, go fJj T[; s'A nZr/ bzx iKdk j?.
6H gdkoE GktBh L^ i?;/ ;[y'gfs nt;Ek dk ftueko j[zdk j? Bk fe;/ d/
irkfJnk s/ Bk nkg jh ikrqs j[zdh j?. fJ;h soQK ;oho dh fefonk th fJ; G{fwek tkb/
B{z G[bh j[zdh j?. i/ fe;/ w{zj ftu froKj gkfJnk sK bzrKj b?Adk j? i/ BjhA gkfJnk sK fus
u/sk jh BjhA. id gqPkd (o'Nh) SeD dk fynkb jh BjhA sK irs nt;Ek, irs d/ ezw
ed fus nk ;ed/ jB.
7H s[ohnkL^ ;G irQK tkfjr[o{ jh ftnkge BIo nKtdk j? .
“nkg B{z ;G; dk ;kyh s/ fBokbk e{N;E Eh tyok ikDdk j? sK fdqV frnkB j[zdk j?.
(ftL;kL)
J/j ;sthA s[ohnk G{fwek j? fJ; G{fwek ftu pqjw frnkBh ;dk bhB ofjzdk j?.
7 (r[o T[gd/P puB)
1) ehVh s' b? e/ ;G B{z Gkt pqjw she r[o{ o{g ikBDK.
2) wjkswk dh jw/PK ;zrs eoBh.
3) nkgDh gqkopX s/ Pzeo ofjDK(;zs'y XkoBk).
4) fe;/ Bkb gdkoEK fgS/ Jhoyk BjhA eoBh.
5) fBo'b ;kX ;zrs dh ;/tk gq:'iB oyBk.
6) gqw/Po dh pzdrh eoBh.
7) pi[orK dk ndp eoBK.
(;Zs ;q/PN puB)
1) ;dk ;kd/ p;so Xkfonk eo'.
2) ;dk nzfwqs t/b/ r[od[nko/ ikfJnk eo'.
3) ;dk B/e feos eoBh ns/ tzv SeDK .
4) ;dk ;zrs ftu ssgo o{g ftu ofjDK j[zrkbDk BjhA.
5) ;dk Bkw pkDh dk nfGnk; eoBK.
6) ;dk fBPekw ;/tk eoBh.
7) ;dk ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh nodk; eoBh.
(;ks/ go ;ZsK ftfPnK T[go ftuko)
1) iht ekw eq'X d/ nXhB feT[A j? s/ fJBQK s'A S[Nekok fet/A j't/.
2) tkfjr[o{ ;G s/ T[uk.
3) fszBK r[DK dk fsnkr.
4) wkfJnk ftu T[dk;h.
154

;s nt;Ek
5) Bkw s/ eowK dk G'rDK.
6) GiB dh ftXh Ppd ;[os dk nfGnk;.
7) G'r eEk ;[Xko bJh nwbh gq'rokw.
id'A id'A nkdwh (tk) fJ;sqh dh fposh dk bjkT[ nEtk uVkT[ j[zdk j?. edh d[y
sebhc ed/ P'e j'Dk, edh y[P j' e/ nBzd wBkT[DK fJ; dk Bkw nt;Ek j?. fJj frDsh
;Zs j?.
1H nfrnkB L T[; B{z efjzd/ jB id'A iht efjzdk j? w?A op B{z BjhA ikDdk. i?;/ ;{oi nZr/
pZdb j' e/ ;{oi B{z Ye b?Ad/ jB s?;/ iht dh gftsq p[Xh B{z (op B{z ikBD tkbh B{z)
nfrnkB YZe b?Adk j?.
2H nktoD L id'A iht efjzdk j? fe op j? go gqshs BjhA j[zdk fJ; dk Bkw nktoD j?
feT[Afe iht dk fjodk nktoD d/y e/ YZfenk j'fJnk j?.
3H GoKsh L id'A iht B{z fjod/ ftu ;z;ko jh ;z;ko t;dk BIo nkT[Adk j? ns/ iBw s'A b?
e/ fJ;h soQK gqshs j[zdk j't/ fJ; dk Bkw GoKsh j? s/ fJ; GoKsh d/ j'D eoe/ jh ;z;ko d/
ihtK ftu w'j dhnK u'NK id fe e'Jh fgnkok r[Io ikt/ sK fe;/ B{z sebhc j't/ yKdk j? s/
fJe g?o th BjhA fjb ;edk s/ fdb ftu P'e XkoB eodk j? fJ;h eoe/ fJ; dk Bkw P'e
th efjzd/ jB.
4H go'S frnkB L id'A iht dk fJj fynkb j[zdk j? fe gqw/Po ;s fus nBzd ;o{g j? fJ;
dk Bkw go'S frnkB j? nZyhnK s'A Ujb/ i' uhI j't/ T[; B{z go'S nkyd/ jB, wkb{w
j'fJnk j? fe gqw/Po j? go ni/ ;ky:ks doPB BjhA j'fJnk n?;k fynkb j'D dk Bkw
go'S frnkB j?.
5H ngq'S frnkB L id'A iht dh fJj nt;Ek j[zdh j? fe gqwkswk w/o/ s'A tyok BjhA sK
n?;k j[zd/ j'J/ Gkt fe n?;k ftuko eofdnK j'fJnk nkgD/ w{b B{z gSkDdk j'fJnk i'sh
;o{g d/ uoBK Bkb nG/d j' iKdk j? fJ; dk ngq'S frnkB j?.
6H P'e dk BkP j'DK L id iht gqwkswk d/ uoBK ftu nG/d o{g j' e/ ;oho eoe/ t/yD
tkfbnK B{z tork jh gqshs j[zdk j?. go d/j eoe/ jh ;dk nksfwe nBzd ftu wrB ofjzdk
j?. uoB ewbK dh w"i b?Adk j?. w/ok nktD ikD ofj frnk. w?A iBw woB s'A ofjs j'
frnk jK j[D w/o/ fty/ iBw woB BjhA j'o e'Jh th ;z;koh Xow ;z;kfoe ezwK ftu yus
eoB tkbk w/o/ ftu BjhA j?. n?;k ;wM eoe/ tkfjr[o{ d/ uoBK ftu ofjzdk j? fJ; dk
Bkw P'e Bk; j'Dk j?.
7H y[Ph L id'A iht nkgD/ nkg B{z ;z;/ ofjs d/ysk j? s/ efjzdk j? gqw/Po s/ w/o/ ftu e'Jh
G/d BjhA j[D d't/A fJe' o{g jK fiE/ feE/ ;z;ko ftu tkfjr[o{ t; fojk j?.(t/dKs tkb/
155

efjzd/ jB fe id fJ; y[Ph ftu g[Zi/ sK w{zj' ej/ fe “ w?A ndt: pqjw o{g j{z ” n?;k
efjD Bkb i' wB ftu gq;zBsk j't/ T[; dk Bkw y[Ph j?.
o'jDh nkfd BSZsq dk ;gs uZeo
;{oi (nEtk tk:{)
1H BkVh L ( fi; ftu o'jDh, ;_ksh i/;mk ns/ nf;†Bh BSsq ofjzd/ jB)
2H wzrb dh dfjb BkVh L fi; ftu fwqr f;o, fusqk, w{bk ns/ o/tsh BSsq fBtk; eod/
jB.
3H fpqj;gsh dh ;"w: BkVh L fi; ftu nkodqk, j;s, g{opk, ykVk, T[sqk, Gkdqgd, BSsq
t;d/ jB.
4H P[eo dh Bho BkVh L fi; ftu g[Bop;{, T[sqk, ckbr[Dh, T[sqykVk, g{opk no Gkdqgd
ofjzdk j?.
5H p[X dh ib BkVh L fi; ftu g[y, g{op ckbr[Dh nfGfis s/ ;sfGyk BSsq ofjzdk j?.
6H PBh dh T{oXk BkVh L fi; ftu feqsek, ft;kyk, nB[okXk s/ GoDh BSsq j?.
7H uzdqwk dh nzfwqsk BkVh L fi; ftu wxk, ;qtD s/ XB/PNk BSsq j?.
tgko ;s soK dk j? L^
1H rKXh dk tgko (;[rzXh tkfbnK uhiK fJemhnK eoBhnK).
2H Eks oyDh noEks w?A s[jkv/ gk; fJsBk XzB oydk jK fJ; d/ tN/ fJj wjhB/ s[;K
d/DK.
3H gP{nK d/ b?DK s/ t/uDK.
4H gofus rkje dk nkT[Dk ngB/ w/b tkb/ rkje tDiBk.
5H fwfEnk fefonk eEB, noEks E'V/ w[b Bkb b? e/ rkjeK B{z uhiK dk pj[s bzwK
d;DK.
6H e{Nwkb & seVh ftu gK;e oye/ tX b?DK xN d/DK.
7H d/;ksq' d/ GkvkB?:B noEks d{o d{o fenk d/;K ftu'A t;sK wzrtk e/ t/uDhnK nEtk
nkgDhnK t;sK B{z fbik e/ p/uDk . fJj ;s tgko jB.
156

u"gkJh L rKXh ;G s'A T[sw ejhJ/, e"vK bke/ eo/ o[gZJhJ/
XBh tks tkbk wo ikt/, J/ ;[yB fBs ;/m wBkt/
gP{nK dk ftT[gkoh okIh, tkjtk ;kBz{ XB fwfbnk ih ]
rkje g[okDk nKT[dk d/y/, g[so j'fJnk T[; d/ b/y/ ,
M{m e{N ftu p'bD s'bD, ;ko/ eko ftjkoh B'bD,
i/ j't/ fcoB/ dk T[dw, J/ (rKXh) tgko j? ;G s'A T[sw. (gzu szsq)
(7) ;s ;w[zdo,;s dhg, ;s ;{s, ;s ;sh, (johuzd, d;oE, Xowg[so :[fXPNo,
okwuzdo ih, go;okw, pbokw, P?th) ;s ;[oK, ;gs foPh (r'sw, Bkod, Gfor{,
tfPPN, nso/, nzrok, g[b;s) eJh fJ; gqeko th ;s foPh frDd/ jB (g[bkd, g[b;s,
Godtki, tfPPN, nzrok, Gfor{, wohu) ;s nkekP, ;s gkskb, ;s G{fwek, ;s
;[jkrDK, ;s foyhnK dhnK fJ;sohnK, ;s tko.
8 (nZm dh frDsh)
nZm e[bK ;og dhnK^
P/PBkr, pkPeBkr, sSeBkr, e'Ne,
gdw, wjKgdw, ;zy, J/bkgsq .
nZm XksK ;oho dhnK^ oes, o'w, BkVh, s[uk, wksk dhnK .
n;s, phoi,
fwM, uoph, fgsk dhnK.
nZm XksK gqsZy^ ;'Bk, uKdh, fgZsb, fi;s,
f;Zek, ebh, sKpk, b'jk.
nZm i'r d/ nzr^ :w, fB:w, nk;D, gqkDk:kw,
gqfsnkjko, XkoBk, X:kB, ;wkXh.
nZm G?oT[^
ftfdnkoki, ekwoki, Bkroki, ;_Szd oki,
d/toki, T[rqoki, ftrDoki, G?oT[.
nZm gqeko dk ekw^ ;qtB, f;woB, ehosB, fustfs,
pksfJezs, fdqV;zebg, gq:sB, sBgqkgfs.
157

nZm ;kyh d/ts/
ihtK d/ eowK d/^
1H fgqEth, 2H Xo[t 3H uzdqwk 4 ;{oi,
5HnrBh 6H gtB 7H gqs:{P 8H gqGkP.
nZm T[ukoD d/ ;EkB
(ftnkeoD nB[;ko) ^ 1H ezm 2H fodk 3H ;h; 4H o;Bk dk w{b,
5H dzd 6H BZe 7H j'm 8H skb{ .
nZm t/d gkm dhnK fteqshnK ^
1H iNk 2H wkbk 3H fPyk 4H o/yk
5HX_ik 6H dzd 7H oE 8H xB .
nZm ftnkeoD ^
1H fJzdq 2H uzdq 3H ekPfeq;sB 4H nfgPbh
5H ;keNk:B 6H gkfDBh 7H nwo 8H i?B/Adq.
nZm nzr p[X Xow d/^ 1H;w:e ;zebg 2H;w:e tkuk 3H;w:e eow
4H;w:e iht 5H;w:e t:k:kw 6H ;w:e fdqPNh
7H;w:e f;fwqfs
8H ;w:e ;wkXh
nZm gqf;X eth ekt: d/^
1H ;{odk; 2H feqPB dk; 3H gowkBzd 4He[zGB dk;
5H us[oG[i 6H Shs ;_kwh 7H Bzd dk; 8H r'ftzd dk;.
nZm gftsq BdhnK g[okDK
ns/ f;woshnK ftu fbyhnK^
1H rzrk 2HiwBk 3H ;oZ;_sh 4HPsdqt 5H fpgk;k
6Hokth 7H uzdqGkrk (MBK) 8H i/jbw .
nZm :'rBhnK g[okDK dhnK^
1H wkiBh 2H egok 3H fsbek 4H wb:rzfXBh
5He'w[fdek 6H G/o[zvk 7H Bk:eh 8H i:k
nZm :'rBhnK szsq Pk;sq dhnK^
1H ;zeN 2H wzrbk 3H fgzrbk 4H XB:k 5H Gokwoh
6H Gfdqek 7H T[be 8H f;ZXk.
nZm gzi ;?ohnK^
1H gzi eow fJzdq/ 2H gzi frnkB fJzdq/ 3H gzi gqkDkfde
g"D 4H gzi Bkrkfde g"D 5H o; dkfJe ;{yw sZs 6H
fgqEth nkfd ;E{b sZs 7H ekwdkfJe gzi r[D 8
;zs'ykdkfJe gzi r[D
158

nZm fdPk d/ nZm jkEh ^
nZm jEDhnK^
1H n?okts^ g{op fdPk ftu 2H g[zvohe^ g{op dyD
ftueko 3H tkwB^ dZyD fdPk ftu 4H e[w[d^ dZyD
gZSw fdPk ftu 5HnziB^ gZSw fdPk ftu 6H
g[Pgdzs^ gZSw T[so fdPk ftueko 7H;kot G"w^
T[so fdPk ftueko 8H;[gqshe^ T[Zso g{op fdPk
ftueko .
1H nGow[ 2H efgbk 3H fgzrbk 4H nB[gwk
5HnziB tsh 6H P[Gdzsh 7H nziBk 8H skwqeoDh.
nZm f;XhnK. (18 f;XhnK)
1H nfDwK L^ gqwkD{ s[b ;{yw j' ikDk.
2H wfjwK L^ wjK ;E{b j' ikDk.
3H rfowk L^ o{z tKr jbe/ gdkoE dk Gkoh j' ikDk.
4H bfxwk L^ gops tKr{ Gko/ gdkoE dk o{z tKr jbe/ j' ikDk.
5H gqkgsh L^ fJZSk nB[;ko ;ko/ gdkoE fwbB/.
6H gqekow: L^ o'e s'A fpBK ib dh soK fgqEth ftu b?n j' ikDK ns/ fJZSk nB[;ko gqrN
j' ikDk.
7H t;heoD L^ G"fse gdkoEK B{z nkgDh nkfrnk ftu eo b?DK.
8H JhPsk L^ gdkoE B{z ouB s/ b? eoB dh Pesh j'Dh r[ows fBoD? ftu fJj nm f;XhnK
fbyhnK jB
eJh rqzEK ftu d; j'o fbyhnK jB L^
9H nBo{gh f;XhL ^ G[y fgnk; dk d[y Bk fpnkgBk.
10H doPB f;Xh L^ d{o p?fmnK nkgD/ B/soK Bkb ;G e[M t/y b?DK.
11H ekw o{gh f;Xh L^ fJZSk w[skfpe o{g XkoB eo b?DK.
12H d{o;qtD L^ d{o p?fmnK ;G dh rZb ;[DBh.
13H goekfJnk got/P f;Xh L^ G{s dh soK gokJ/ ;oho ftu got/P eo ikDk.
14H;tSzd fwqs{ f;Xh L^ fJZSk w[skfpe d/j dk fsnkr eoBk.
15H ;[o eqhVk f;Xh L^ ngZ;oK Bkb fwbe/ fpuos/ d/tB e' d/yBk.
159

16H ;zebg f;Xh L^ i' fdb dk ;zebg j't/ ;' g{ok j'Dk.
17H ngqjfs rfs f;Xh L^ fiE/ ikDk ukj/ MN gN gj[zu ikDk.
18H wB'p/r L^ wB c[oB s/ ikt? ukj/ i/ g/y .
(nZm nzr) i'r wkor
jog isD Awsx caurwsIh ey BI kir kir rihAw ]
vfI Awrjw iPir iPir jnmY hir isau sMgu n gihAw ] 6 ] (642)
= glI jogu n hoeI ] eyk idRsit kir smsir jwxY jogI khIAY soeI ] 1 ]
nwnk jIviqAw mir rhIAY AYsw jogu kmweIAY ]
vwjy bwJhu isM|I vwjY qau inrBau pdu pweIAY ]
AMjn mwih inrMjin rhIAY jog jugiq qau pweIAY ] 4 ] (730)
r[owfs dk i'r sK fJj j?.
1H :w L^
wB BhtK oZyDK s/ nkgD/ r[DK s'A fBowkD ofjDK.
& gurmuiK hodY qwix inqwxw ]ò] (32-2-7)
2H fB:w L^
jo o'i ;fs ;zrs ftu ik e/ eEk ehosB fJekro fus Bkb gVQBK, ;[DBk. gfjbK
;tk gfjo oks ofjzdh T[m e/ fJPBkB eoe/ fJekro j' e/ Bkw ig/ fco r[opkDh fdB uV/
rkt/ s/ ;[D/.
jnu nwnku DUiV mMgY iqsu gurisK kI jo Awip jpY Avrh nwmu jpwvY ]2](306)
3H fJeKs d/P L^
;kfonK fjofdnK ftu fJe gqw/Po B{z tf;nk ;wM/, d{ik Bk ikD/.
sB mih vsY pRBu eyko soie ] gurmqI Git prgtu hoie ](663)
4H nk;D L^ fus ftosh B{z nekb g[oy ftu fNekt/ L^
160

icqih icqu smwie q hovY rMgu Gnw ] (1362)
AMqir ipAws auTI pRB kyrI suix gur bcn min qIr lgeIAw ] (835)
5H gqkDk:kwL^ g{oe L r[o{ e/ puBK B{z ;[D e/ fod/ ftu fyZu bt/.
e[zGe L ;[Dh t;s{ B{z wB ftu ;dk mfjokJ/, nfGnk; eo/ fsnkr/ BK.
o/ue L ;fsr[oK B/ i' puB fsnkrD bJh ej/ jB, fsnkr d/t/.
iqAwgnw iqAwgnu nIkw kwmu kRoDu loBu iqAwgnw ]3] (1018)
6H fXnkB L^
r[opkDh gVQB ;[DB t/b/ noE ftu fXnkB oj/, ;zebg fpebg Bk c[oB d/t/.
gur bcnI mnu shj iDAwny ] hir kY rMig rqw mnu mwny ] (796)
7H XkoBk L^
i/ wB ;zebgK ftu ikt/ sK pko pko o'e e/ fXnkB ftu bkt/ .
bwhir jwqw BIqir AwnY ] (1160)
8H ;wkXh L^
shj smwiD lgI ilv AMqir so rsu soeI jwxY jIau ]1] (106)
AwT phr ijsu ivsrih nwhI ] giq hovY nwnk iqsu lig pweI ] 4 ](386)
nZm/ gfjo fposh B{z Ppd ftu'A N[ZND Bk d/DK, ;wkXh j?.
i'r dh ewkJh (okwebh gks;kjh ñú ])
o/ wB fJj fpfX i'r[ ewkU] f;zCh ;ku negN ezmbk fXnkB fpG{s
uVQkU]1] ojkT[] sksh rj[ nksw pf; eo eh fGZSk Bkw nXkoz] pki/ gow sko
ss[ jfo e' T[gi? okr o;koz ]1] T[xN? skB sozr ozfr nfs frnkB rhs pzXkBz]
ufe ufe oj/ d/t dkBt w[fB Sfe Sfe pÎ'w fptkBz]2] nksw T[gd/; G/;[ ;ziw e'
ikg[ ;[ nigk ikg/] ;dk oj? ezuB ;h ek:k ekb B epj{z pÎkg/]3]2]
;' r[ows f;XKs r[o{ ih B/ fJBK s[eK ftu dZ; fdZsk j?. d;tK d[nko ;kX ;zrs j?
iK efj bt' BtK d[nkoK dk gqekP jh d;t/A d[nko ftu j?. d;t/A dk Bkw pkDh ftu j?, BtK
d[nkfonK dk gqekPe jh d;tK nkg gqw/Po j?.
161

nZm i'r d/ nzr
Bftosh j?.
fuZs dhnK fposhnK B{z o'eD dk Bkw :'r j?. fi;d/ nfGnk; dk cb gzi eb/PK dh
1H :w L nfj;k, ;s:, go XB, gofJ;sqh dk fsnkr, fBwqsk, Xhoi.
2H fB:wL gftsqsk, ;zs'y, sg, ftfdnk, nfGnk;, j'w, dkB, ;qXk.
3H nk;B L 84 nk;D i{BhnK dh p?me s'A bJ/ jB fiBK ftu'A e{ow
nk;D,
w:{onk;D, wkv{ek;B, j;k;B, phok;B nkfde, go nfGnk;h tk;s/ f;Xk;B ns/
gdwk;B d' jh fPo'wDh jB.
f;Xk;B L r[dk no fbzr d/ ftueko i' BkVh j? T[; B{z yZp/ g?o dh nZvh Bkb dpkT[DK, ;Zi/
g?o dh nZvh g/v{ T[s/ oZyDh, d'jK g?oK d/ nzr{m/ bZsK j/m b[e' b?D/, Sksh s'A uko T[Arb dh
ftE oye/ m'vh B{z nub eoBK, B/soK dh NZe G'jK d/ wZX fNekT[Dh sbhnK T[s/ B{z eoe/,
d't/A jZE gZNK T[go nv'b oZyD/.
gdwk;B L yZp/ gZN T[s/ ;Zik g?o, ;Zi/ T[go yZpk g?o oZyDK, ;Zih pKj fgZm fgS'A
fbnke/ ;Zi/ g?o dk nzr{mk no yZph pKj fbnk e/ yZp/ g?o dk nzr{mk cVBk m'vh Sksh Bkb
bk e/ B/soK dh Ne BZe dh B'e T[s/ mfjokT[Dh.
4H gqkDk:kw L^ ;tk;K dh rsh B{z mfjokT[D dk Bkw gqkDk:kw j?. :'rhnK B/ ;oho ftu
72000 BkVhnK wzBhnK jB. fiBQK ftu'A d; BkVhnK gqkD nfGnk; dh ;jkfJe fbyhnK jB.
:Ek BZe d/ yZp/ gk;/ fJVk, ;Zi/ gk;/ fgzrbk, d'jK d/ wZX ;[ywBK (P[;wBk) yZp/ B/so ftu
rzXkoh, ;Zi/ ftu j;fs fijtk, ;Zi/ ezB ftu g[Pk, yZp/ ftu :P fP_Bh, w[y ftu nbzp[Pk
fbzr ftu e[j{ no r[dk ftu ;zyBh BkVh j?.
gqkDk:kw d/ efmB gqeko p/nzs jB, go w[y d' ej/ jB, noEks uzdqKr no
;{o:Kr. gqkDk:kw gfjbK fJT[A j? fe fJVk d/ o;s/ 12 t/o Unz ig eoe/ ;B/ ;B/ ;_k;K B{z
nzdo fyZuDK (g{oe eoBK) 16 t/o Unz d/ ig ;kE ;_k; ;B/ pkjo SZvD/ noEks (o/ue
eoBk)
d{ik ;{o:Kw gqkDk:kw fgzrbk d/ o;s/ uzdqKr ohsh nB[;ko g{oe eoe/, e[zGe fgS'A
fJVk d[nkok o/ue eoBk c/o nfGnk; B{z tXkT[Ad/ j'J/ 36 pko g{oe, 46 tko Unz ig
;fjs e[zGe n"o 30 tko Unz f;woB eoe/ o/ue eoBk.
gqkDk:kw d/ pb eoe/ G[:zrBk BkVh (e[zvbBh) fi;B/ ;[ywBk dk dotkIk fetkV o{g
j' e/ pzd ehsk j'fJnk j? go/ jN iKdh j? n"o ;[ywBk d[tkok d;w dtko ftu gqkDk dh rsh
j[zdh j?.
162

gqkB d; jB
gqkB, ngkB,;wkB,T[dkB, t:kB, Bkr, e{ow, feqeb, d/tdZs, XBzi: gfjb/ gzi
w[y jB, d{i/ T[g gqkD jB gzi jh.
fJ; ePN ;kX: gqkDk:kw s'A S[N fJe jz; gqkDk:kw j?. fi; dh ohsh n?;/ j?.
fJekro wB j' e/ ;tk; d/ pkjo ikD go “j@ dk n"o nzdo nkT[D go “;@ dk f;woB
eoBK. jz; Bkw fBoziB gqwkswk dk j? J/;/ dk T[bNk ;'jz j?. BkBe ;'jz jz;k ig[ ikgj[
fsGqtD fs;? ;wkfj] fJ; soQK 60 xVh ftu 216000 tko ig j[zdk j? J/; dk BkT[A nigk
ikg nEtk nigk rk:sqh j?.
5H gqs:kjko L^ Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o; rzX s'A fJzdqh:K d/ t/r B{z toi e/ nkswk
ftuko ftu wB i'VB dk Bkw gqfs:kjko j?.
6H XkoBk L^ fus B{z fJekrq eoBk no fe;/ yk; n;EkB n"o t;s{ ftu i'VBk.
7H X:kB L^ X/: B{z SZv e/ j'o tb fuZs dk BK ikDk .
8H ;wkfX L^ ;ko/ ;zebg fwNe/ X/: ftu fposh dk fbtbhB j'Dk, no T[;dk
;kfynks Gk;Dk ;wkXh ejh iKdh j?, r[o{ ;kfjp jm :'r no i'r d/ G/y B{z ePNdkfJe
d;d/ j'J/ ;fji :'r dk T[gd/P fdzd/ jB fi; d/ nfGnk; Bkb gqwkoE dh f;ZXh j[zdh j?.
(r[ows gqGkeo)
nZm gqeko dk w?EB
pqjwuoi L
w?EB nPN gqeko i' BkE efjU ;o[s wkfj]
fJBs/ fBi fpgohs i' pqjwuoi efj skfj]
nZm gqeko dk w?E[B L ;qtD, f;woB, ehosB, fustB pks fJezs]
fdqV ;zebg gq:sB sB, gqkgs nPN ejzs ]
(8) nZm f;XhnK, nZm e[bK BkrK dhnK, nm g;/ohnK (fJe wD) nm yzGhnK uoy/
dhnK, nm gjo, nm nzr i'r d/, nm osh dk fJe wk;k, nm XksK, nm uktb dh fJe
osh, nm XksK dk wB (gzi G{sK dh ;s' nz;, fszB oi', ;s',sw' fwbk e/ nZmK XksK dk wB
j?, nm ftnkeoD) .
163

9 (B"A dh frDsh)
B" w[Bh^ 1Hwohu 2Hnfsq 3Hnzfrok 4Hg[b;s 5HBkod w[Bh
6Heqs{ 7H fGqr{ 8H tfPPN 9H nEotD
B"A w[BhnK dh B"A fJ;sohnK ^
1H ebk 2H nB;{:k 3 PoXk 4H jftG[r 5Hrfs
6H feq:k 7H fynksh 8H no[zXsh 9H PKfs.
B" yzv^ 1H e[b yzv 2H fjoBw: yzv 3H fJbkpqs yzv 4H e/s[wkb
yzv 5H jfotoy yzv 6H ozw:e 7H fezg[oy 8H Gdo 9H
Gkos yzv.
B" r'beK ^ 2 nZyK d/ S/e 2 ezBK d/ S/e 2 Bk;K d/ S/e
1 w{zj dk dotkik 1 r[dk dk S/e 1 fbzr fJzdqhJ/ dk S/e
B" i'V ;oho d/^ 4 bZsK d/ i'V, 4 pkjtK d/ i'V, 1 fruh dk i'V.
B" rqfj ^ 1H ;{oi 2H uzdqwK 3H wzrb 4H p[X 5H pqj;gfs
6H P[eo 7H PBh 8H okj{ 9H e/s{
B" fpy cb ^ 1H ts ;Bkp 2H jkfodq 3H ;es[e 4H gqdhgB5H ;T{
ok;fNqe 6H f;zre 7H ekbe{N 8H jbkjb 9H pqjw g[sq.
B" osB ^ 1H w'sh 2H gzBk 3H wkfDe 4H r'w/d 5H jhok 6H w{zrk
7H bj;[fBnK 8H g[yoki(gdw okr) 9H Bhbw
B" osB ^ 1HwkDe ;[oy 2H jhok ;c?d 3H gzBk ;pI 4H r[bw/de
Pops 5H fgyoki Iod 6HBhbe Bhbh 7H b;BhnK G{ok 8H
w'sh r'b 9H bkb (stkohy ykb;k)
B" osB,oki/ fpeqwkihs d/^ 1H XBzso 2H egDe 3H nwo f;zx 4H;ze[ 5H t/skbGZN 6H
xNego 7H ekbh dk; 8H tokjfwjo 9H toj[fu.
B" G/d BkfJe d/^ 1H gdwBh 2H fusqBh 3H ;zyBh 4H j;sBh 5HT[swk
6H wX:wk 7H nXwk 8H ;_eh: 9H goeh:k.
B" fBXhnK^ 1H gdw 2H wjK gdw 3H ;zy 4H Bhb 5H e[zd
6H eSg 7H yop 8H weo 9H w[ezd .
164

1H gdw L ;'B/ nkfde XksK dh yohd co'ys eoBh, d/t wzdoK dk pBtkT[DK, ;q/PN nkuoD
tkbk j'Dk, ;s' r[Dh gdw fBXh j? i' g[so g'sfonK sZe ofjzdh j?.
2H wjK gdw L w'sh jhfonK dh ;[dkroh eoBh, T[sw g[oP'A e' dkB d/DK fJj wjK gdw
fBfX j?. fJj th ;s' r[Dh j? ;s ghjVhnK she ofjzdh j?.
3H ;zy L fJebk jh T[sw G'iB eo/, T[sw p;so gfjB/, ;G B{z wkVk nzB d/t/, w?b/ p;so
d/t/, ;[s dkok e' e[M Bk d/t/. e/tb ngD/ ;oho dh gkbDk eo/. fJj ;zy fBXh j?. fJj oi'
s/ sw' r[D j/. fJj fJe g[oy se ofjzdh j?.
4H Bhb L p;so, egj, cb g[Pg, w'sh w{zr/, ;zy f;ghnK beVhnK s/ ib dhnK t;s{nK dk
tgko eoBk, sbkp, BdhnK d/ g[b, fpoS'A d/ izrb c[b cb'A pT[bhnK dk brtkDk, G'r'A dk
G'rsk j'Dk fJj Bhb fBXh j?. fJj PKseh s/ skw;h j?, fszB ghjVhnK ofjzdh j?.
5H e[zd L Xks{nK osBK nkfdeK dk tgko eoBk, ngwkB dk puB Bk ;jkoBk, tfvnkJh
eoB tkfbnK Bkb gqhsh, pj[shnK fJ;sohnK ns/ Y/o T[bkd tkbk j'Dk, gfjb/ fwsoK Bkb
ftS'Vk, BftnK Bkb gqhsh eoBh, fJ; dk Bkw e[zd f;Xh j?. fJj oki; skw; j? d'
ghjVhnK she ofjzdh j?.
6H eSgL nzB, xh, r[V s/b dk fttjko eoBk, eS{, ;wkB nzrK dk ;ze'u eoBk nEtk
oyBK, Bk nkg ykDk, Bk fe;h e' XB nkfde d/DK, IwhB ftu dZp oyBk. fJj eSg fBXh
j?. sw' r[Dh j?. fJe g[oy she ofjzdh j?.
7H yop L nkw s"o s/ soQK soQK d/ gdkoE gk; j'D/, yoG fBXh ejh iKdh j?.
8H weo LpkD, yVr, poSh, XB[y, Ykb nkfdeK dk iwK eoBk, fJBQK dk ;[dkroh eo/,
okfinK Bkb fwZsqsk oZy/, fJ; dk Bkw weo fBXh j?. fJj sw' r[Dh j?.fJe g[oy se
ofjzdh j?.
9H w[ezd L phDK, fwqdzr, pki/ nkfe dk ;zrqj eoBK, GN wkrX ;{s rtJhnk s'A XzB d/DK,
t/;tk rwB eoBk,fJ; dk Bkw w[ezd f;Xh j?. fJj oi' r[Dh j? fJj th fJe g[oy she
ofjzdh j?. (r[owfs fBoD?)
B" gqeko dh Grsh s/ Grsh eoB tkfbnK d/ Bkw ^^
1H ;qtB Grsh
2HehosB Grsh
3H f;woB Grsh
4H gkd ;/tB Grsh
oki/ gqhSs B/ ehsh.
;[yd/t w[Bh B/ ehsh.
gqfjbkd Grs B/ ehsh.
bSwh B/ ehsh.
165

5H nouB Grsh
6H pzdB Grsh
7H ;yk Grsh
8H dk;k Grsh
9H nksw fBt/dB Grsh
fgqE{ oki/ B/ ehsh.
neq{o B/ ehsh.
noiB B/ ehsh.
jB{zwkB B/ ehsh.
pb okik B/ ehsh.
;qtD f;woD ehosB gd ;/tk noukB . dk;k ;ygB pzdBk Grs fBt/dB ikB]
;qtD, f;woB, ehosB, gd ;/tk, noukB
(;[rzXh dk fSVeDK, dk;k Gkt, fwso Gkt, Bw;eko, nksw fBt/dB)
d'jk L 1H ;qtD Grsh
;qtD joh i; r[D e' pbuo:kb/ nkfd ] ;[B ;[B ehosB o{g e' gkt' fus gq;kfd]
2H ehosB^
nkyB p'bB eEB g[B ehosB rktB Gky ] n"o T[ukoD nkfd b/ ;G ehos g? oky]
3H f;woB ^
fuzsB sEk nokXBz :kd fuskoB X:kB ] X:ktB nkfde :[s by' pu f;woB X:kB]
4H gd ;/tB^
gd d' wodB g'SB' :/ gd ;/tB ikB ] bywh i:{z gd ;/tBz eohJ/ Grsh wkB]
5H nouB ^
hir kI qum syvw krhu dUjI syvw krhu n koie jI ]
hir kI syvw qy mnhu icMidAw Plu pweIAY dUjI syvw jnmu ibrQw jwie jI ] 1 ] (490)
6H pzdB^
jkE i'V jfod/t g? BwB i' Bheh GKs]nkm nzr eo foi{tk pzdB Bkw ejks]
7H dk;k^
p:ziB uto[b/ nkfd ;G gh;B gkBh Y'B]fJsnkfde ifj feo:k j'fJ dk; Gkt by s"B]
8H ;yk^
ykB gkB gfjoB fEs, ;?B fefonk b" nkfd]fwPos j't/ :kj w', ;yh Gkt eo :kd]
166

;yh Gkt fpX d' nj? Bo Bkoh eo o{g ];yk ejkt/ Bo pg{, Bkoh ;yh ;to{g]
fBopg ;" Eg Bkfosk, jfo w' gfsgB Ekg];yh Gkt w'A ikBhJ/, GrsB e' pj[ ikg ]
;yh Gkt ;kwrqh, ir w/A j'ts G{o] :kjh s/ ;/ ikjb", G{yB p;sq B{o]
n" e[ui ;[uigB, s; ;[jkok d{o Gkr] izM fpnkj nbkjDh, x'Vh s?; ;[ bkr]
f;y:k wkB ;[ p/Bsh, gfs p; ek o; Gkt];G r[D XkoB n"rDk, fsnkrD r[o{ pskt]
9H nksw fBt/dB ^
sB wB XB r[o joh e' pb ;w d?B T[mkfJ];op fBt/dB Bkw :fj, Grsh BT[w ejkfJ]
B" gqeko dh Grsh fJj th j? L
1HfJPN B{z JhPo wzB e/ T[; dh w{os dk fJPBkB eotkT[Dk.
2HuzdB g[Pg uVkT[Dk, 3HX{g dhg nkosh eoBh.4HfBos eoBh 5Htki/ tik e/ GiB
eoBK.6HG'r bkT[DK.7H;?B eotkT[DK.8Hr[DK dk toBD eoBk. 9HfXnkB eoBk^ fJj
;or[D dh B"Xk Grsh j?.
Grsh d/ G/d
d' gqeko dh j? fpjs s/ nfpjs. d'jK ftu'A B" gqeko dh fpjs j? fJj th fszB gqeko
j?.
1H eow fwPos.2H r:kB eoB T[G: fwPos.3H r:kB fwPos.
eow fwPos th fszB gqeko dh j?.
;kseh, oki;h, skw;h.
Pkseh th fszB gqeko dh j?.
1H gkgK dk Bk; eoB j/s 2H gow/Po dh gq;zBsk j/s 3H t/d ftXh dh f;Xh j/s.
fJ;/ soK oki;h th fszB gqeko dh j?.
1H fty:'A dh gqkgsh j/s. 2H i; tk;s/. 3H n?;toI dh gqkgsh bJh.
skw;h th fszB soQK dh j? .
1H fjz;k j/s[. 2H dzG j/s[. 3H njzeko j/s[.
167

fJ; gqeko eow fwPos Grsh B"A gqeko dh j?. B"nK d/ th fJe fJe T[sw wXw
efBPN G/d eoB eoe/ ;skJh G/d j'J/, fJ; soK ;skJhnK d/ T[sw wXw efBPN nkfde
eoB s'A 81 G/d j'J/ eow fwPos Grsh d/ eow fwPos w?A PKseh dk gqw/Po eh nkfrnk
gkbB ;/ sk eh gqhsh wkso w/A sksgo: j'B/ s/ dk; Grsh w/ nzso Gkt j?. oki;h, skw;h
dk nouB Grsh w/A nzso Gkt j?. fJ;h soQK eow frnkB d't/A fwPos Gh T[sw wXw
efBPN G/d ;/ shB gqeko eh j?. shB'A w/A i' i' sozr'A w/A ib Gkt ;op G{s'A w/A ngDh
Grts ;to{gsk d/ydk j? t'j T[sw j?. fi; dk JhPto w/A gq/w j? fs; fdnK GrsK ;kE
w?sqh, rohpK go feogk fto'XhnK ftu T[g/y:k eodk j?, ;' wZX:w fejk iKdk j?. i'
w{osh w/A ;oXk ;/ gqw/Po e/ g{iB eh fJSk eosk j? s/ GrsK ns/ j'oBk Bkb gq/w BjhA
eodk T[j wzd efBPN (g[oP) j?. J/E/ T[sw Grsh dk nksw fBt/dB w/A wZX:w ek dk;
Gkt w/A wzd (efBPN) ek nouB Gkt ;/ nzso Gkt ikB b?Dk fJ;h soQK frnkB wksq
fwPos Gh T[sw wXw wzd ;' fszB gqeko dh j?. fszBK ftu'A ;s pqjw o{g eoe/ fi; ftu
irs dh gqshsh j't/ ;' wzd j?. fi; ftu ;op gqgzu dk fwfEnk o{g eo gqshs j't/ T[j
wZX:w j?. fi; ftu ;s ns/ fwfEnk d'jK o{gK ;/ gqgzu eh gqshs Bk j't/ T[j T[sw j?
fJfsnkfd. J/E/ gqgzu ;s:tsk dk gqshs ;fjs wB eh fpqsh gqw/Po w/A ib Xkok dh
fBnkJhA pBh ofjBh. i?;/ ;w[zdo w/A rzrk ih ek ib fBozso g?Adk j? fJ;h dk Bkw gok no
gq/w Grsh j?. ;kXB o{g GrshnK ftu ;qtD, f;woB, nksw fBt/dB GrshnK frnkB o{g
j?. :Ks/ fJj gok Grsh w/A ;to{g ;/ ekoD j?A fJ; s'A fGzB n"o GrshnK nkokX: JhPto
r'uo i' frnkB fs; eh T[sgsh dtkok ekoD j? gkg dh Bftosh g[zB dh T[sgsh dtkok
ekoD j?. gkg dh Bftosh g[zB eh T[sgsh d[nkok ;G s[b ekoD j? no gok Grsh fJBek
s[b: ekoi j? J/j ;Gh fpjfs Grsh j?.
nfpjs Grsh th uko gqeko eh j?.
gfjbh dt?P iB, i?;/^ oktB, fP;gkb. d{ih G: iB:, i?;/^ ez;, wohu eh.
shih^ ;B/j iB:, i?;/^ Bzd, iP'Xk eh. u"Eh ekw iB:, i?;/^ r'ghnK dh.
d'fjok
fpfjs ;Gh g[B d[fpX j?, nBr nBB: fpG/d.
nB: G/d w/A Grfs j?, d{;osk fpB t/d]
r[owfs w/A nBB: Gkyh g{op ohs]
:s' fJekeh Grs jh, Gb/ gqkoEB ehs] (r[owfs fBoD? ;kro)
;' fJsnkfd GrshnK eod/ j'J/ gqw/Po d/ fgnko/ T[;dk o{g jh j' iKd/ jB. T[BQK d/
w{zj' i' puB fBebdk j? T[j' jh ;cbk g{ok j[zdk j? feT[Afe gqwkswk T[BQK dk fejk
wzB b?Adk j?.
Bgq muKY qy boldy sy vcn hovMdy ] pRgt phwrw jwpdw siB lok suxMdy ] (306)
168

B"A BkE
1H nkfd BkE L fi; dk Bkw wjKd/t ;h :'rh fJ; B{z Unzeko dk ntsko wzBd/ jB,
:'rws dk pkBh wzfBnk iKdk j?, r'oyBkE ih B{z fJ;/ B/ g?dk ehsk ;h.
2H wSzdo BkE L fJ; B{z wkfJnk dk ntsko wzfBnk j?.
3H T[d/ BkE L fJj gkopsh dk ntsko ;h nkJh gzE fJ;/ dk ubkfJnk j?.
4H ;zs'y BkE L fJ; B{z ftPB{z dk ntsko wzfBnk j?.
5H ezEV BkE L fJj rD/P ih dk ntsko ;h ri p/b th fJ; dk Bkw ;h.
6H ;fs BkE L fJj pqjwk ih dk ntsko ;h.
7H nuzG BkEL fJj uzp/ dk okik ;h fJ; B{z gops dk ntsko wzBd/ jB .
8H u"ozrh BkE L frnkB dh goy ftu g{ok T[soB tkbk oki/ ;bpkjB dk g[so
g{oD ;h.
9H r'oy BkEL fJ; B{z fPt ih dk ntsko wzfBnk iKdk j?.
B" o; eftsk d/ L 1H f;zrko o; 2H pho o; 3H eo[Dk o; 4H nfdG[s o;
5H jk;: o; 6H fGnkBe o; 7H phGs; o; 8H o"do o;
9H PKsh o;.
d'fjok L^
fgqEw ;hArko ;[ jk; o; pj[o eoB o; ikB ]
o"do pho G:kB efj, efj phGs; tykB]
ndG[s o; eftoki efj, ;wo; ejhJ/ n"o]
Bt o; Bkw gqf;X j? fJj tosD eft f;o w"o]
1H f;zrko o; L eftsk B{z fdqPNKsK gqwkDK Bkb f;zrkoBK.
2H pho o; L i'fXnK dh pjkdoh iK pjkdoh dhnK tkoK ;[Dk e/ i'P g?dk eoBk.
3H eo[Dk o;L fi; n;uoi eEk ;[D e/ P'e nt;Ek g?dk eoBh, eo[DK Bkw ezBk dk j?,
ezBK Bkb ;[D e/ o; gqkgs eoBk
&
wksk e'oK jK i' wkoh feT[A t?oh w?A ikfJnk]
d[yh ghgb gkfbnk ;h u[bh ;h gkDh gkfJnk ]
169

ezdh fdshnK s/ ;kj/ gzB/ w'sh brB rDkfJnk]
t/ b'e' ikih wKih ;G w[V nkJ/ w/ok bkVk ni? B nkfJnk]
g[s w'fJnk wK fco/ fBwkDh e'Jh B nky/ nzwk]
d[yh gkb gotodk ehsk w{b u[zxkfJnk wzwk]
fbyhnK w/oh b/y nk gJhnK i' fbfynk b/y ebzwk]
nrok ej/ g[s jE nktB g{fonk pkM eozwk]
&
fBZek i/jk gkfbU j':' g[s ni Pjhd]
;{os tKr{ Bph d/ j?;h wod oPhd]
i/ s{z w/ok g[s j? b? ub w?B{z Bkb ]
fgS/ s/o/ nepok j'tK pj[s y[nko]
4H nfXG[s L n;uoisk s/ j?okBh g?dk eoBk tkbk.
& e[M T[vB d/ pknd nkfJnk b'e ;h] ;[zdo no owDhe ;'FGk pj[s ;h ]
uwe/ tKr pb"o Xowh n?; dh] pB fpqS nuoi o{g ;{yw nfs jh]
f;qPNh j'o/ ozr ouBk j'o jh] w{zj'A ;eK B nky d/yh BjhA ;h]
;Dh Bk ;'uh ;hr gfjb/ edh ph]
5H jk;: L nB'yh rb ;[D e/ y[P j'DK.
f;mDh L n;K eh eoD/ gfsnK pkM eo/b/ ,cbkD f;zx HHHHHHHHHHHHHHfJT[A t/ydk.
fiT[A ukw ufVe d/ v/b/. :k rkT[DK L nzwK s/oh fteD bZrh t/ bkfVnk ;d b? GkJhnK B{z.
:K rkT[DKL ykXhnK ;h fyZbK izwhnK ;h fJZbK. nzpo GkT[AdhnK t/ s/ohnK BkBehnK.
:K tXkJh d/B ;w/ rkT[AdhnK j[zdhnK jB , tXkJhnK BzdhJ/ s?B{z tXkJhnK ih.
s/o/ g's B{z s/o/ d'js B{z s/o/ pkg p/NhHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHB{z tXkJhnk ih.
6H G:kBe o; L fijVh eftsk wB ftu y"c g?dk eo/.
7H phGs; o; L fBzfdnk o; fi; ftu fe;/ t;s{ dh fBzdk eoe/ p[okJh d{o eoBh.
GzB p'sb s'V fgnkb/ B{z ] by bkBs ghD/ tkb/ B{z ]
:Ek L^
170

J/j ozB Gto ;zd/;k Bkb/ b[ugB dk xo ikB'A I[bw wkB'.
GKvk n?pK dk j? Peh ;" ;" egN eokB"A y{p gSkB'.
okj ;[or ftu tZNk Xodh Boe Bro dopkB'A ozB f;RkB'A.
gkg gNkoh I?jo rb/ch czdk wod c;kB'A j? ozB ikB'A .
ezioh GKpV ekw nrB dh pkbB pb/ ;[jZgB]
J/; j'w ftu j{sh eod/ ekwh ;G XB i'pB]
j'm ezioh Gkt/A ;'jD/ u[zw/ e"D e[bhBK]
pzfBnk mheo u'o :ko dk E[eB mr wbhBk]
& Gm n"jdk Bzpodkoh dk, J/j fgNBK fBs fdjkVh dk ]
Bzpodkoh dh tZvh PkB, jkewK ehs/ p/JhwkB ]
G[b frnk B/ ;G fXnkB, ;de/ nk nrbh gbe r[Ikoh dk.
Gm n"jdk Bzpodkoh dk ] fJj fgNBK fBs fdjkVh dk]
8H o"do o; L eq'X B{z g?dk eoB tkbh eftsk, pho o; s/ o"do o; nkg; ftu fwbd/ jB.
9H PKsh o;L PKsh o; g?dk eoB tkbk o; .
B" rqfj
1H ;{oiL^ fJj fJe wjhB/ ftu nkgDh wzfIb g{oh eodk j? ns/ ok; pdbdk j? fco
;zroKd nkT[Adh j?.
2H uzdqwk L^ ;tk d' fdB ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
3H wzrb L^
4H p[X L^
1½ wjhB/ ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
fJj 1 wjhB/ ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
5H fpqj;gsh L^ 13 wjhfBnK ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?. f;zx ok; th fJ;/ rqj ftu g?Adh j?.
6H P[eo L^
7H SfBuo L^
27 fdB ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
2½ to/ ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
8 ^ 9H L^ okj{ e/s{ & v/Y to/ ftu ok; g{oh eodk j?.
171

B" rq?jK dh Bftosh bJh dkB
1H ;{oi L^ eDe, r[V, sKpk, ;'Bk, bkb uzdB, bkb rT{, w{zr/, bkb egVk fJfsnkfde
bkb uhiK dk dkB.
2H uzdqwk L^ fuZNhnK uhiK dk dkB, i?;/ w'sh P[X, fuZNk p;so, ;zy, uktb, uKdh
nkfde.
3H wzrb L^ bkb uhiK dk dkB, ;'Bk, sKpk nkfde ;{oi d/ dkB tkbhnK uhiK.
4H p[X L^ johnK uhIK dk dkB, jok eZgVk, w{zrh, e?Aj/ dk GKvk, fxT[, gzBk nkfde.
5H fpqj;gsh L^ (ghbhnK uhiK dk dkB) ghbk p;sq, jbdh g[yoki, w'fde (p{zdh d/ bZv{).
6H P[eo L^ fuZNhnK uhiK dk dkB L fuZNk egVk, uKdh , u"b, d[X, yzv nkfde.
7H PBh L^ ekbhnK uhiK dk dkB L ekbk egVk, fsb, s/b, wKj, ekbh rT{, b'jk, ekbh
wZM nkfde.
8H okj{ L^ x'Vk, yVr, Bhbw, fsb, Bo/b, ;gs, nzB nkfd.
9H e/s{ L^ e;s{oh, ezpb, yVr, peok, fsb, ekbhnK uhiK fJj' fijhnK j'o.
9H BT[ BkE, BT[ fBXK, B" gqeko dh Grsh, B" rqfj, B" dotki/ nEtk r'beK, B" yzv, B"
nzr.
10 (d; dh frDsh)
d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB L ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ;kfjp ih. ;qh r[o{ nzrd d/t ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ nwodk; ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ okwdk; ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ;kfjp ih. ;qh r[o{ jor'fpzd ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ jookfJ ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ jofeqPB ;kfjp ih.
;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih. ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih.
rZdh s/ fpokiwkB i[r' i[r nNZb ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih.
d; fdPk ^ g{op gSw T[so dyD nrB e'D
tkfJt e'D, B?os e'D, JhPkD e'D, nek;, gskb
d; gqkB^ gqkB ngkB ;wkB t:kB T[dkB
172

Bkr e{ow feqeb d/tds XfBi?
d; ntsko^ wS eS pokj Bof;zx pktB
go;okw, ;qh okwuzdo, ;qh feqPB, p'X, fBjebze.
d; ;zfBnk;^ shoEh, nkPqwh, pBh, nozBh, froh,
gopsh, ;kro, ;[o;_sh, g[oh, Gkosh.
d; g[op^ 1Hi/PN wk;/ 2H P[eb gy/ 3H d;wh fEs/4H j;s fBysq/ 5H p[Xtko
6H r[o eoB 7HnBzd i'r8H ftsh gks 9HezfBnK dk uzdqwk
10Hfpqy ek ;{oi.
d; gkg ^ 1H fpB dJh t;s{ dk rqfjD eoBk. 2H t/d ftXkB fpBK fjzf;nk eoBh
3Hgodkok rwB eoBK(fJj fszB ;oho d/ gkg jB)4H o[yk p'bDk
5H M{m p'bDk 6H u[rbh eoBh
7H nBoE p'bDK (fJj uko pkDh d/ gkg jB)
8H gokJ/ XB d/ rqfjD eoB dh fJZSk 9H d{finK dk p[ok fustBk.
10H d{fink dh ftG{sh B{z t/y e/ ;VBK. (fJj fszB wB d/ gkg jB)
10 gkgK dk fBoDK
1H nkg fe;/ B{z dkB efj e/ w[eo ikDk dkB d/DK Bk.
2H iht fjz;k eoBh noEks jo tes ihtK d/ rb/ eZND/.
3H t/dK d/ dZ;/ j'J/ T[gd/PK d/ T[bN ezw 4H go fJ;sqh dk ;zr
eoBK. 5H y'N/ puB p'bD/, fiBQK d/ p'bD eoe/ ;[DB tkb/ ihtK d/
fjod/ d[fys j' ikD. 6H M{m p'bDk.
7H u[rbh eoBh^ u[rbh eoe/ eJh xoK ftu bVkJh gkT[Dh.
8H gokJ/ XzB B{z rqfjD eoBk, ;r'A gqkgs eoB bJh :sB eoB/.
9H p[ok fustBK^ jo fJe dk p[ok fustB tZb jh fynkb oZyDK.
10H fpBK gq:'iB pepkd (fJj d; gkg jB)(r[ows fBoD: ;kro)
d; gkg ftuko ;kro nkfd t/dKs rqzEK d/ fBwB fbys jB L^
3 gkg ;oho d/^ 1H u'oh 2H :koh 3H fjzf;nk
173

3 gkg wB d/^ 4H fsqPBk 5Hfuzsk 6H p[Xh dh wzdsk
4 gkg pkDh d/^ 7H fBzfdnk 8H M{m 9H em'osk 10H tkeukbsk.
d; gkoyd^ 1H i: 2Hfti: 3H ;[pb 4H pb 5HBzd 6H ;[Bzd
7H Gdq 8H ;[Gdq 9H uzv 10H ftBhs.
d; gqkB ^ 1HgqkB^ fjod/ ftu 2H ngkB^ r[dk ftu
3H ;wkB^ BkGh ftu 4H T[fdnkB^ ezm ftu
5HfpnkB^ ;ko/ ;oho ftu ftnkge j?.
6H Bkr^ veko 7H e{ow^ B/soK B{z y'bdh j?.
8H feqeb^ G[y B{z brKT[dh j?. 9H d/tds^ T[pk;h fbnKT[dh j?.
10H XfBi?^ woB fgS'A ;oho B{z c[bkD tkbh j?.
d; fdPK d/ wkbe d; d/tsk ^
1H g{op dk ^ fJzdq
3H dZyD dk^ :w
5H gZSw dk^ to[D
7H T[Zso dk^ e[p/o
2H nrfB e'D dk^ nrfB
4H B?fosh e'D dk^ B?fos okyP
6H tk:th e'D dk^ tk:{
8H JhPkB dk^ fPt
9H T{oX(T[go) dk^ pqjwk 10HnX' (j/mK) dk ^ P/PBkr.
10H
1H Gtoh, 2 x[zxo{, 3 ;zy, 4 xzNe,5 e?A;hnK,6 w[obh,7 G/oh,
8 Y'be, 9 Bchoh,10 P/o iK pZdb dh nktkI.
10H g[op L
10H g[op L
10H :r: L^
nPNwh dk fdB, u"d; dk fdB, nwkt; dk fdB, g{oBwkPh dk fdB,
;zroKd dk fdB, T[sokfJD, dyDkfJD, t:fsgks, uzdqwk d/ rqfjD
dk fdB, ;{oi rqfjD dk fdB.
ft;kyh, fdtkbh, wkxh,d[;?fjok, N[eVh, fBwkBh, d[nkd;h, ftshgks,
t?fXos s/ iBw nPNwh.
n;_w/X, riw/X, r'w/X, niw/X, Bow/X, n;{oki, pqjw:Zr:,
nBir:, j'sq, uksq ]
d; fJzdqhJ/^ jE, g?o, r[dk, fbzr, tke fJzdqhnk, BZe, ezB, nZyK, o;Bk, s[uk.
174

Xow d/ d; bSD
fywk, nfjz;k, d:k, fwqd[, ;s puB, sg, dkB.
;hb, ;"u, fsqPBk fpBK, Xow fbzr d; ikB]
Xow ;op ;[y ykfB, ikB ;G e' fjsekoh]
Xow Xo/ p[fXwkB, fBozso uhs wMkoh]
Xow ;Kfs ;[y j/s[, fByb feb ebwb y'ts]
shB d/t e/ d/P, Xow efo gqkgs j'ts]
d; n;N Boe e[PNB fty/ Xow fpw[y Bo Bhs rw]
j? Xow ;ko[ ;z;ko w?A, sK s/ Xow[ Bwkfw ww]
;zfBnk;hnK d/ 10 fcoe/ L^
Pzeokukoi d/ uko u/b/ ;B.
1H fp;to{g 2H gdwgd 3H sq'Ne 4H fgqEthXo,
1H shoE 2H nkPow J/j d' Bkw fp;to{g e/ j? .
1H pB: 2H nkoB: J/j d' Bkw gdw gkd e/ j?. c/o L^
1H fro, 2H gops, 3H ;kro J/j fszB Bkw sq'Ne e/ j?.c/oL^
1H ;[o;sh 2H Gkosh 3H g[oh J/j fszB Bkw fgqEthXo e/ j?. (r[LfBL;kL)
d; Bkw fJeZm/
1H froh, 2H g[oh, 3H Gkosh, 4H ;ko;[sh, 5H;kro, 6H gops, 7H nkoB:, 8H
pB:, 9H nkPow, 10H shoEh .;zfBnk;h bJh fGfynk dk nzB ykD dh nkfrnk. fe;/
g[Zso fJ;soh gqtko Bkb w'j BjhA eoBK, fJeKs fpuoBK, ;z;ko tb'A T[gokw ofjDK.
ykb;/ d/ fsnkrD :'r 10 n"r[D
(oki gbk;h g[z)
& fsnkrh d; fto'X ws
1H;kXB, 2H fjz;k, 3H jzeko, 4H nkb;, 5H feqgB, 6H ngqwkB,
7H em'osk, 8H iVsk, 9H e[uhbsk, 10H n;T{u, ebwk ;[ nGrs wkBz.
noE L^T[go dZ;/ 10 ntr[DK dk ykb;k fsnkrh j't/.
175

1H r[ows gqshe{b Gkt wBws dk XkoB eoBK.
2H wB pkDh ;oho eoe/ fjz;k eoBh fe;/ B{z wkoBK iK d[y d/DK.
3H jzeko eoBk fe w/ok fijk e'Jh Bjh.
4H GiB f;woB s/ uzr/ ezwk tb'A nkb; d/oh eoBh.
5H P[G wkor wk:k Bk youBh, Bk nkg tosDh feqgBsk j?.
6H ngqwkBz (nekb g[oy s'A fpBK fe;/ j'o B{z wzBDK)
7H fdb dk em'o j'DK. 8H gqw/Po d/ frnkB s'A ofjs j'DK.
9Hnzdo' pkjo'A ngftsq ofjDK. 10H ftuko s'A fpBK.
T[go fby/ d; ntr[DK ;fjs ebi[r ftu (nGrs) Grsh ofjs wzB/ iKd/ jB.
ykb;k fJBQK ntr[DK dk fsnkrh.
d; r[DK dk XkoBh ykb;k j? .
dfJnk, dkB, Swk, PBkB, ;hb, ;[u, ;sGkyB,
;kXB, f;X, ;{o, Grs wkBz, d; rqkjh nk;s gqwkB.
d; r[DK d/ XkoB tkbk ykb;k (gqXkB) w[yh j?.
1H ;ot ihtK s/ dfJnk eoBh.
2H f;ogq:zs dkBh j'DK.
3H nkgD/ Bkb'A ewI'o dk e[puB ;[D e/ fywk eoBh.
4H nzfwqs t/b/ T[m e/ fJPBkB eoBK. 5H T[sw ;[Gkt :[es j'DK.
6H ;Zu p'bDK. 7H (;[u) nzdo'A pkjo'A gftsqsk oZyDh.
8H ;kXBK ;fjs j'DK. 9H f;X o{g j'DK.
10H ;{owk j'DK.
T[go dZ;/ d; r[DK d/ XkoB eoB tkbk ykb;k tZvk Grs nk;se wzfBnk iKdk j?.
d; gqeko dk nBkjd Ppd
fgqEw Gwo r[ziko ;zy X[Bh d[sh ejhi?]
fsqsh ti? fwqdzr us[oE skb ;[Bhi?]
gzuw xNk Bkd y;Nw phBk X[B j'Jh]
;gsw ti/ G/oh nPNw d[zdGh ;'Jh]
176

Bt w/A roi ;w[zdq d;w w/x x'yfj r[B?]
ej/ ;[zdo nBkjd Ppd e' d; gqeko :'rh ;[B?]
dh ntkI.
Gto, x[zro{, ;zy, xzNe, e?A;hnK, w[obh, G/oh, Y'be, Bchoh, P/o iK pZdb
(10) d; Bkw d/ ;zfBnk;h, d; ntsko, d; g[op, d; dkj/, d; :r fjzd{nK d/ (1H
n;tw/X, 2H riw/X, 3H r'w/X, 4H ni, 5H Bo, 6H oki;{, 7H pqjw:r, 8H nzB:r, 9H
j/sq, 10H uksq) d; fJzdqhnK).
11 (frnkoK dh frDsh)
11 o[do ^ 1H ni 2H J/egd 3H nfjtqXB 4H fgBkeh 5H ngokfis6H sq:zpe
7H wj/Pto 8H ftq;egh 9H ;zG{ 10H joD 11H fPt .
11 r[D ;s, ;zs'y,d:k, Xow, Xhoi, ;w, dw, T[gokwsk,
sfsy:k, PoXk, ;wkXkBsk
(11) fJekdPh, :koK o[dq, :koK dkT[.(1H;s 2H;zs'y 3H d:k 4H
Xow 5H Xhoi 6H ;w 7H dw 8H PoXk 9H T[gokwsk 10H sfsy:k 11H ;wkXkBsk)
12 (pkoK dh frDsh)
pkoK ;{oi^
1HfJzdo 2H Xksk 3H Gr 4H g{;k 5Hfwsq 6Hto[D 7H no:wk
8H nz;{ 9H ftt;_s 10H s_;Nk 11H;ftsk 12H ftPB
pkoK ebK ;{oi dhnK L1H feoBh 2H jkbBh 3H dfjBh 4H dhgBh 5H i'sBh 6H s/iBh
7H fJzdq: s:zBh 8H Pkf; gqGK 9H ;';Bh 10H skgBh 11H b'jeh
12H dkjeh (nfGbkP ;kro)
pkoK okPhnK^ w/y, fpqy, fwEB, eoe, f;zx, ezB:k,
s[bk, fpq;ue, XB, weo, e[zG, whB .
pkoK wjhB/ d/;h^ u/so, t?;ky i/m, jkV, ;ktD, Gkdo'A,
nZ;{, eZse, wZxo, g'j, wkx, cZrD.
177

pkoK wjhB/ nzrq/Ih^
iBtoh, cotoh, wkou, ngq?b, wJh, i{B,
i[bkJh, nr;s, ;szpo, nes{po, Btzpo, d;zpo.
pkoK fsbe L
w;se s/ e/;t, g/N ftu Bkok:B, fjod/ ftu wkXt,
ezm ftu r'fpzd, ;Zih tZyh s/ ftPB{z, ;Zih pKj s/ wX[;{dB,
;Zi/ ezB s/ sqhfpeqw, yZph tZyh s/ pktB, yZph pKj s/ ;qh Xo,
j'm s/ gdw BkG, xzvh s/ dkw'do, u'Nh ftu tk;d/t.
pkoK fw;bK^
1H nkjb{tkbhnK dh 2H PjhdK dh 3H f;zxg[ohnK dh 4H ;[equZehnK dh
5H eB?Q:K dh 6H eo'VhnK dh 7H vZb/ tkbhnK dh 8H BPkBuhnK dh
9H Be?:K dh 10H c{behnK dh 11H GzrhnK dh 12H okwrVQhnK dh .
pkoK gqeko dh ;/tk^ (fjzd{ ws nB[;ko)
1H d/tsk d/ wzdo pBkT[D bJh ubDk 2H wzdo dh gqeowk eoBh.
3H d/ts/ d/ Xkw go;B bJh :ksok eoBh. 4H g{ik tk;s/ c[b s'VB/.
5H d/t wzdo ftu MkV{ d/DK. 6H w{osh B{z fJPBkB fPzrko nkfd eoBk.
7H Bkw igDK 8H ehosB eoBk 9H joh dh eEk ;[DBh.
10H w{osh dk doPB eoBk 11H mke[o ih dk gqPkd f;o s/
oZyDK tk gqDkw eoBk 12H d/ts/ T[s/ uV/ c[b b? e/ ;[zxDK.
pkoK r[D L^
1H XBtkB j'DK, 2Huzrk T[sw e[b ftu iBw j'DK, 3H ;oho pj[s jh
;[zdo j'DK 4H sg nkfde eoB tkbk j'DK 5H gzfvs nkfde Gkt uzrk
ftdtkB j'DK 6H ;oho d/ ;ko/ nzr (fJzdqh: fBod'y j'D/) 7H ;oho dh
eoKsh uzrh j'Dh nEtk bkb ;{jk ozr j'Dk 8H goskg tkbk j'Dk 9H
T[dw tkbk j'Dk 10Hpb tkbk j'Dk 11H nPNKr :'r Gkt fe :'rk
nfGnk; d/ nm/ nzr ikDdk j't/ s/ :'r nfGnk; dk g{ok tkec j't/
12H T[sw gqr:k noEks T[Zsw ezwK d/ eoB tkbk j't/ s/ T[sw
fynkbK B{z ;dk fjod/ ftu XkoB eo oZy/.
pkoK gzE i'rhnK d/^ 1Hj/s[ gzE, 2H gkt gzE, 3H nkJh gzE, 4Hrw: gzE, 5H gkrb gzE,
6H r'gkb gzE, 7Hdk; gzE, 8HezEVh gzE,9HpB gzE,
10HXti gzE, 11Hu'bh gzE, 12Hoktb gzE.
178

fJBQK d/ j'o th ws j? L^ egb e/, okw e/ , ozr BkEh, ;fsBkEh, p?okr e/, BkN/;oh fJj
j'o fwbk e/ 18 frDd/ jB. fJBQK s'A fpBK 1H X{ow BkEh, wzBkEh fJj d't/ fwbk e/ thj g{o/
frDd/ jB. (r[L fBL;kL)
(12) pkoK gzE i'rhnK d/, pkoK wjhB/, pkoK ok;K, pkoK pzBhnK ;'B/ dhnK, pkoK wk;/.
13 (s/oK dh frDsh)
13H fgso eowgd L ro[V g[okD d/ s/ot/A nfXnkfJ ftu s/oK gd fby/ jB.
Sksq' gkBj t;sqkfD w[fdqek ewzvb, nk;Bz gzu gksq/D gd' gzu ftX f;wqsw.
dzv/B skwq gksqkfD j:wkw B?o G'iB? ofg]
noE :r:'g ths?Pu gdz ;zg{oDsk, t;sq,
sq:d; gdkBsEz :Ek Pes:k ftXk: u .
sq':dP/ G:' ftgq? G: L gqdd:ks d_kd;/ njfB ].
noEL Ssoh, i[sh, p;sq, nzr{mh (w[zdqh) ewzvb, nk;B, o;'Jh d/ gzi GKv/, ;'Nh,
sogD eoB tk;s/ sKp/ dk posB, eZuk nzB, gZek G'iB, XB s/ iB/T{, fJ; gqeko :Ek
Pesh s/oK gd B{z pkot/A fdB s/oK pqkjwDK B{z dkB eo/.
13 skb L^ uzubsk dk tkue j?, fJj nkw gqf;ZX j? fe cbkBh sK s/ok skbh j?.
(s/oK skb)
okr rkT[D tk;s/ ftdtkBK B/ ;[oK d/ bjkT[ uVQkT[ ns/ okrK d/ w[skfpe (ukb nEtk
ocsko dk) i' fj;kp w[eZoo ehsk j? T[; dk Bkw skb nkyd/ jB.
skb s/ ;[o s'A fpBK okr dk rkT[DK fBPcb j[zdk j? s/ okr dk rktDk skb ;[o Bkb
jh ;'Gdk j? i/ e'Jh okrh p/;[ok iK p/skbk rkt/ sK wy"b jh j[zdk j? go i/ e'Jh skb f;o rkt/
s/ nk^Xk mhe nkt/ sK ;[DB tkb/ gq;zB j[zd/ jB nk^Xk t/b/ Bkb jh f;o fjbKd/ nEtk jEh
skb d/Ad/ jB. okr ftfdnk go/ s'A go/ j? s/ nEkj j? s/ nkg' nkgDh p[X nB[;ko okr
ftfdnk d/ nkr{nK B/ s/oK Bkb fby/ jB fiBQK dk t/otk Bhu/ fbfynk j?.
1H :ek L^ fJ; skb dhnK S/ wksoK frDhnK iKdhnK jB ns/ d[rD ftu j'D eoe/ 12
eZuhnK wksqK j' iKdhnK jB eJh okrh mk ftu 12 s/ d[rD ftu 24 frDd/ jB. dkdok skb
th fJ;/ Bkb fwbdk j?.
179

2H skb (nEtk YkJhnk) fJ; dk Bkw d' sko iK YkJhnk ;Zfdnk iKdk j? fJ; dhnK ;Zs
wksoK frDhnK iKdhnK jB fi; d/ Bkb uzub skb th fwb iKdh j?. d[rD ftu j'D eoe/
fJBQK dhnK 14 eZuhnK wksoK j' iKdhnK jB, fi; d/ Bkb tZvh Xwko s/ nkvk s/ rhs
co'd;s nkfde dhnK wksqK th fwbdhnK jB .
B'N L^ fJj wksqk jZE dh skbh tik e/ iK T[AM jZE wko e/ fJe o; fJe ukb Bkb
frDhnK iKdhnK jB i?;/ NkJhw gh; iK ibXkok dh ukb j[zdh j? t?;/ wksok frDB dh ukb
j[zdh j?.
3H skb L^ fJ; dhnK nZm wksok jB, d[rD ftu j'D eoe/ 16 wksoK eZuhnK j' iKdhnK
jB, fJ; d/ Bkb j'o pj[s sko fwbd/ jB ns/ nkw sko fJ; ftu'A fBebd/ jB.
4H skb L^ fJ; dhnK pkoK wksoK jB, d[rD ftu j'D eoe/ fJ; dhnK 24 wksoK eZuhnK
j' iKdhnK jB.
5H skb L^ fJ; skb dh n;tkoh th okrh rkT[Ad/ jB s/ fJ; skb dhnK 15 wksok j[zdhnK
jB ns/ d[rD ftu j'D eoe/ 30 eZuhnK j' iKdhnK jB.
6H skb L^ fJ; dhnK 16 wksok jB s/ d[rD ftu j'D eoe/ 32 eZuhnK j' iKdhnK jB eJh
okrh fJ; d/ 12 wkso/ gZe/ s/ 24 eZu/ dZ;d/ jB s/ uko skb fwbdk i[bdk dZ;d/ jB.
7H skb L^ fJ; d/ 14 wkso/ j[zd/ jB s/ d[rD ftu 28 j' iKd/ jB.
fJ; s'A nZr/ ;ko/ skb fszB skb Bkb fwbd/ jB feT[Afe fszB skb ;G s'A tZvk skb
j? s/ nkw s"o s/ skb fJ;/ ftu'A fBebd/ jB fszB sko B{z fJe fJe yZw d/ e/ fJe fJe
wksok T[ukoD nEtk frDB ftu brdk j? T[sBk fuo jh jo fJe sko ftu bkT[D fJ;h
soQK 13 skb g{o/ j' iKd/ jB.
(okrh itkbk f;zx ih) ;?dg[o tkfbnK nB[;ko
14 (u"dK dh frDsh)
nzsqht u"dK osB^
1H Grsh 2H nksw ftuko 3H ehosh 4Hgq/w 5HBkw 6H okr
7H fdqV fB;uk 8H ;zsK dh fBzfdnk 9HPKsh 10H dkB
11H;s;zr 12H ;u p'bDK 13 ;s r[od/t 14H frnkB
14 ftfdnK^ uko t/d, S/ t/dK d/ nzr, :kotK fwwk;K
180

pkotK fBnkfJ, s/otk Xow PkPsq, u"dtK g[okB.
u"dK b'e ^
1HG{o b'e 2H Gto b'e 3H;to b'e 4Hwjo b'e 5HiB b'e
6Hsg b'e 7H ;s b'e ( fJj ;s T[gob/ b'e jB)
1H nsb b'e 2H ;[sb b'e 3H gskb b'e 4H ftsb b'e 5H
o;ksb b'e 6Hsbksb b'e 7Hwjksb b'e(;s j/mb/ b'e jB)
pqjw d/ u"dK b'e
fJj Gh u"dK b'e jB ^
1H fpp/e 2H ftuko 3H ;zs'y 4H ;s: 5H t?okr 6H gq/w 7H
Grsh 8H :'r 9H Xow 10H d:k 11H fB;u: 12H gqkDk:kw
13H T[dk; 14H nBzd fJj frnkB fdqPNh ;/ pqjw gqkgs j[zdk
j?. (nfGbky ;kro)
1H ;s: b'e 2H p?e[zm b'e 3H fPt b'e 4H ;{oi b'e 5H d/t
b'e 6Hfgsq b'e 7H f;X b'e 8H wk:k b'e 9H iw b'e 10H
rzXqp b'e 11H:y b'e 12HfeBq b'e 13HBkr b'e 14H d?As b'e .
14 fJzdqhJ/ 14 ftP/ 14 d/ts/
gzi frnkB fJzdqhJ/
;q'so Ppd fdPk
s[uk ;goP tk:{
B/sq o{g ;{oi
fijtk o; toB
Bk;ek rzX nP_Bh e[wko
gzi eow fJzdqhJ/
tke puB nrBh
jE b?DK d/DK fJzdq
g?o rwB tkwB ih (pktBntsko)
T[gZ;E fJzdqhnK osh G'r gqikgsh
r[dk wb fsnkr :w
us[PN/ nzsjeoD ^
181

wB ;zebg ftebg uzdqwk
p[X fB;u/ pqjwK
fus fuzsB tk;d/t
jzeko njzgBk o[dq
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
14 r[D pes/ eEktkue d/ L^ 1H o;hbh s/ ;[ohbh nktkI 2H gq;zr dk ft;Eko s/
;zy/g ikD/, 3H ;wK s/ ;o'fsnK dh o[uh gSkD/ 4H eEk
dk o{ge nbzeko pzBQ ikt/ 5H;s gqsfrnk j't/ 6Hfis?Ad/q
s/ Xhoih j't/ 7H eow T[gkPBk frnkB d/ nzdo eEB
j't/ 8H Ppd dk f;XKs eEB eoB ikD/ 9H fBob'Gh s/ ;zs'yh s/ T[dko fus j't/, 10H Ppd
d/ nkPk nB[;ko fdqPN gqwkD d/t/ 11H S/ gqeko d/ ;zd/j S/d e/ ;q'sk B{z fBo;z;? gq;zB: eo/
12H;ko/ wsK s/ wipK dk frnksk j't/ 13H ;{Xk ;ob nuzub p?m/ 14H i' ej/ ;' ewkt/ ns/
gqs:/e ;q'sk tb ;wfdqPNh oy/.
;o's/ d/ 14 r[D L^
u"dK osB
1H tesk fty/ PoXk 2H tesk eh ;/tk wB sB XB eo Grsh
;fjs ,fBojzeko j' e/ eoBh 3H wB B{z j'o ftekoK tb'A o'e e/
eEk ;[D/ 4H ngDh us[okJh tesk nZr/ gqrN Bk eo/ 5H noE
;wM ;e/ 6H gqPB eoB dh wfo:kdk ikD/ 7H pj[ P[os j't/ 8H
nkb; fBzdk fpBk ;ktXkB p?m/ 9H i' ;[D/ :kd oZy/ 10H T[dko
j't/ 11H tesk d/ eEB B{z ngD/ go tos/ 12H wB sB
p;sq gftsq oZy/ 13H tesk d/ ;Bw[y nuZb p?m/ 14HdzG gkyzv
pkosk Bk eo/.
XB, XBzso, X/B, j:, ewbk, ;zy, rfizdq.
ifjo , ;[ok, wfB, ebgso, ozGk, nzfwqs, uzd]
1H XB ^ ;ko/ gqeko dh wkfJnk 2H XBzso^ t?d: fJbki eosk 3H X/B ^ ekwX/B rT{ ;op
fJfSnk B{z g{ok eo/ 4H x'Vk ^ T[u;qtk 5H ewbk^ bePwh 6H ;zy^ i' wzdo ftu tZidk j?
7H jkEh^ n?okts 8H ftj[^ i' w"s eodh j? 9H Pokp^ i' p[Xh s/ gdkoEk dk Bk; eo/, d?AsK
B{z fdZsh rJh 10H fuzsk wDh^ i' fuzsk dk Bk; eo/ 11H ebgso[ ^ gkoiks fpqS i' fus d/
fynkbK B{z g{ok eo/ 12H ozGk^ ngZSok ;[zdo fJ;soh 13H nzfwqs^ i' iBw woB s'A ofjs
eodk j? 14H uzdqwk^ i' jB/oh oks ftu ukBD eodk j? ns/ ;kohnK n"PXhnk ftu o; g?dk
eodk j?.
osBK dh tzv
1H XB L^ e[p/o d/ts/ B{z fdZsk frnk. 2H X/B L^ ekwX/B rT{ d/tfsnK b? bJh.
182

3H x'Vk L^ ;sw[yh x'Vk ;{oi B{z fdZsk frnk. 4H XBzso L^ jehwh ftfdnk XBzso B{z fdZsh
rJh. 5H ewbk L^ ftPB{z ih B/ ;KG bJh. 6H wDh L^ P/PBkr B{z fdZsh rJh (wDh ;Zg d/
f;o ftu j[zdh j? fJ; wDh ftu fJsBh skes j[zdh j? fe fi; irQK ;Zg ikDk ukj[zdk j?, MZN
nZr'A o;sk fwb iKdk j?, ezX ftu'A bzxDK ukj/ ezX o;sk d/Adh j?. 7H n?okts jkEh L^ fJj
fuZNk jkEh fJzdq B{z fdZsk frnk. 8H nzfwqs L^ d/tfsnK B{z fdZsk frnk. 9H ozGk L^ fJj
fJzdq B{z fdZsh rJh (fJj fJ;sqh ngZSok fJzdq d/ nykV/ ftu Bku eodh j?) 10H uzdqwk L^
e[b d[BhnK B{z fdZsk frnk.11H ftj[ L^ fPt ih B{z fdZsh rJh s/ T[BQK b? e/ ezm ftu oy
bJh, ezm Bhbk j'D eoe/ fPt ih B{z Bhb ezm efjzd/ jB. 12H ebgso L^ fJj fpqS
d/tfsnK B{z fdZsk frnk. 13H Pokp L^ d?AsK B{z fdZsh rJh. 14H ;zy L^ d/tfsnK B{z fdZsk
frnk fJ; d/ tZiD B{z rqzEekoK B/ d/tX[Bh fbfynk j?.
14 fJzdq: o{g osB L^ us[PN/ nzsPeoD ( wB,p[X, fus,njzeko) gzu frnkB
fJzdq:, gzu eow fJzdq:, fJj u"dK osB jB.
14 gqeko dh ftfdnk ;b'e L
pqjw frnkB o;kfJDz Po[sh eEk t?dz:; sEk i's;z ]
t:eoDz u XB[oXoz ibsqzr wzsokyoz t?dez]
e'ez tkB{z tkiBz BN fBosz ;zp'XBz uksoh]
ftfdnk Bkw us[od; gqsh fdBz (G'i gqpzX)
14 ftfdnk L^
g[okD/ rqzEK ftu 14 ftfdnk fBXkB dk fIeo pj[s nKT[dk j?.
4 p/d, 6 p/dK d/ nzr, f;fynk, ebg, ftnkeoD, fBo[es, i'fsP Szd) Gkt
fgzrbkfd, whwK;k, B:k:, Xow Pk;so s/ g[okD fJj u"dK ftfdnk ftPB{z g[okD ftu
fbyhnK jB.
GkJh wBh f;zx ih dh ;_? ofus iBw ;kyh ftu fJj u"dK jB L^
;qh nyo ib soD ufes;k, n"o o;kfJD] i'se i's gqphB okr yN okrB rkfJB ]
e'e ebk ftnkeoD n"o pkizsq pikfJD] s[ok s'o BN fBqs n"o ;o XBy ubkfJB]
r:kB eoB n"o uks[oh, J/s Bkw ftd:k to/] J/j us[o d; irs w?A, us[o ;wM wB w?
Xo/]
15 (gzdoK dh frDsh)
183

gzdoK fEsK ^ J/ew, d{i, shi, u"E, gzuwh, yPNwh, ;gswh,
nPNwh, B"wh, d;thA, fJekdPh, d[nkd;h, sqT[d;h,
g[zfBnK s'A jB/o gZy P[o{ j[zdk j?.
uT[d;,
nwkt; (tk g{oBwk;h) nwkt; s'A ukBDK gZy,
16 (;'bK dh frDsh)
;'bK ebK gqG{ dhnK ^
fgqEth, ib, nrBh, tk:{, nekP, gokD,
fJzdq:, Bkw, eow, PoXk, b'e, sg,
wzso, wB, phoi, ;oho.
;'bK ebK uzdqwK dhnK ^
g{otBh, Gdok, nfsjkd, ;[B/oth, ew'dBh, n;[dBh,
w'jBh, feqs[dBh, fuzdk, ekwBh, bySwh, ft:kgBh,
gdbhBh, wsBh, pekPh, T[dkeh .
;'bK fPzrko fJ;sqhnK d/^ sq? ekb/, d' T[ib/, gsb/ gzi gqeko ]
uko g[PN, d[fJ emB j?, fJj ;'bj fPzrko]
sq? ekb/ ^
1H f;o d/ e/;
2H nZyK dhnK XhohnK
3H n;EBK (d[ZXhnK) dhnK B'eK.
d' T[ib/^ dzd s/ Bj{z .
gsb/ gzi gqeko^ j'm, Be, fruh, bZe, T[ArbhnK .
uko g[PN^
d' pkjtK d/ v"b/ s/ d't/A gZN.
d[fJ emB j?^ d't/A n;EkB eoV/ j'D/.
(fJj ;'bK fPzrko pkjod/ jB).
;'bK fPzrko nzsqht ^
sq? ekb/ ^ G{s, toswkB, s/ Gftys fJjBK fszBK ekbK
fty/ gqw/Po dk GiB eoBk. nEtk^
oi' ;s' sw' o{g fszBK r[DK dk ekb/ & nGkt eoBk.
184

d' T[ib/^ d'jK b'eK fty/ i; j' ikDk, nEtk^
d' wB s/ p[Xh dk T[ib j'DK.
gsb/ gzi gqeko^ ekw, eo'X, b'G, w'j, jzeko fJBQK gziK B{z
gsfbnK gk d/DK Gkt ftfPnk s'A ofjs eoBk.
uko g[PN ^ t?okr, ftt/e, yN ;zgsh, w'y fJZSk o{g uko/
;kXBK B{z g[PN eoBk.
d[fJ emB j?^ iht s/ JhPto dh J/esk o{g d' emB ;kXBK
B{z g{ok eoBK.
fJj ;'bK fPzrko ^ fJj nzsqht ;'bK fPzrko jB.
16 gqeko dh g{ik
1H ntkjB L^ gokskekb nkgD/ ;tkwh e' ;[fsnK T[mkDK s/ gqDkw eoBh. ;tkwh d/ irktB
bJh e'Jh gd :k ;b'e nkfde gVQB/ ns/ rktB/.
2H nk;B L^ MkV{ b/gB nkfde gq/w ;/ eoe/ f;zxk;B coPkfde ns:zs gq/w Bkb fpSktD/.
3H gkd: L^ uoB X' e/ fe;/ egV/ Bkb ;kc eoB/.
4H nox L^ jkE w{zj X[nkT[Dk.
5H nkuwB L^ dksB e[obk eokT[DK.
6H fJPBkB L^ egV/ Bkb ;oho g{zMBK s/ Bt/A p;sq gfjoktB/.
7H p;sq L^ G{yD p;sq nzrK w/A gfjoktB/.
8H iB/T{ L^ ;otD iK o/Pw iK ;{s dk iB/T{ ;kc eo nEtk jfonk eo gfjoktBk.
9H ;[rzX L^ 1H uzdB 2H e/;o 3H e;s{oh 4H r'o'uB 5H eg{o 6H nso nkfde ;[rzXh
tkbhnK uhiK brktDhnK.
10H g[Pg L^ c{b w[eskfde'A ftu r[zdB/ n"o c[bK dh gfjoktDh.
11H X{g L^ nro uzdBkfde ;[rzXh tkbhnK uhIK d/ X{g.
12H dhg L^ fxT[ nkfde dk dhtk irktDK s/ g{ik eoBh fi; soQK fe nkosh nkfde fjzd{
wzdoK ftu ehsh iKdh j?.
185

13H ;G gqeko d/ G'iB SekT[D/ L^ nkuwB eokBk, ib fgbkDk, u[bk eokBk, jZE X[nkT[D/,
s"bhJ/ iK ;kc/ ;/ jZE w{zj ;kc eokBk, gkB nkfde fsnko eoe/ SeD bJh d/D/ (gkB
nkfde SeD/ g{op d/; dh nkw ohsh j?)
14H dyDk L^ :Ek Pesh wkfJnk nkfd dh G/Nk uVQktDh, fJ;sqh dh wkfJnk gsh s'A tyoh
s/ BjhA j[zdh, ;G e[M gsh dk jh fdZsk j'fJnk, sK e'Jh vo BjhA, gqzs{ fJPN d/t nZr/
wkfJnk uVQktDh jh mhe j?.
15H BhokiB L^ nkosh eoBh, gqdSDk eoBh, nkgD/ nkg B{z e[opkB eoBk, w{zj'A T[;ss
gVQBh, jZE ftu c{b b? e/ po;kT[D/.
16H fpokiwkB eoBk L^ gbzx nkfde vkj e/ T[Zgo ;/ik fpSktDh s/ ;[rzXh nso nkfde
e'b oZyD/, c/o g?o dpkT[D/ nkfde.
(r[ows fB L;L)
16 fPzrko (efpZs)
fgqEw ;eb ;[u wziB, nwb tk; ikte ;[d/; e/; gk;B ;[Xkop'.
nzr oki G{PD fpftX w[y tk; ozr eib efbs b'b b'uB fBjkop'.
p'bB j;B fwqd[ uksoh ubB uko gb gb gfspqs gqhs gqfsXkop'.
e/;' dk; ;ftbk; eoj' e[to okX/ fJj fpX ;'oj{z f;zrkoB f;ozrkop'.
1H ;eb ;[u L^ ib dksBkfde'A ;/ ;G nzrK dh gftsqsk oZyDh.
2H wziB L^ pNBk nkfde wbBk s/ ;oho ;_S oyDK.
3H nwb p;sq L^ uzr/ ;_S egV/ gfjBD/.
4H eogkd okr L^ jZEK g?oK ftu wfjzdh nkfde dk ozr brktDk.
5H e/; ;'Gk L^ e/;K dhnK gZNhnK ;tkoBhnK.
6H nzr okr L^ ;oho fdnK nzrK g[o uzdB e/;okfde ;[rzXh tkbhnK uhiK dk fwbk e/ b/g
eoBk.
7H G{yD L^ nzr'A w/ nB/e gqeko d/ ;'jD/ ;'jD/ rfjD/ gfjoD/.
8 w[y pk; L^ bkuh gkBkfde ;/ w{zj P[G tk;Bk tkbk pDkT[DK.
9H w[y okr L^ p[ZbK dzdK ftu ;'Gk noE ;[oy iK f;nkj fw;h wbBh.
186

10H b'b b'uB doPB L^ uzub B/soK ;/ eNky: eoB/ fsoSk d/yD dk Bkw eNky j?.
11H nziB B/so L^ ;[ow/ eibkfde ;/ B/so ;'fGs eoB/.
12H w[y GkyD L^ w{zj s'A ;[zdo p'bDK.
13H wzi[jk; L^ gq;zB pdB ;/ ;[zdo jZ;DK.
14H fusoks[oh L^ wB ftu pj[s eoe/ us[okJh ;z:[es j'DK.
15H ubBjko L^ jkEh tKr{ w;s s[oBk.
16H gfspoB gkbB L^ fyB fyB ftu gfspos Xow dh ofynk eoBh. (r[LfBL;L)
(;'bK ebK, ;'bK ;hArko, ;'bK BodK, ;'bK gqeko dh g{ik)
17 (;skoK dh frDsh)
17 sZs (gzi frnkB fJzdq/, gzi gqkD, gzi ;{yw sZs, wB s/ p[X) fJj ;skoK sZs jB, fiBQK
s'A ;{yw ;oho dh T[sgsh j?.
(18) nmkoK dh frDsh
18 g[okD
nmkoK dh frDsh^
wd_: Gd_: pq fsqs: tt/ us[PN/ wkB.
nBkg fbzr e{Pe rD' nkdh nze g[okB.
d' ww/^
d' GG/^
fszB pp/^
uko tt/^
ws; g[okD s/ wkoezv/ g[okD.
Gftys g[okD s/ Gkrts g[okD.
pqjwKv g[okD,pqjw g[okD, pqjwt?tos g[okD.
tkwB g[okD,tk:{ g[okD,ftPB g[okD,tokj g[okD.
nBkg^ fJBQK fszB nZyoK ftu'A fszB g[okDK dk rqfjD eoBK.
n^
Bk^
g^
nrB g[okD.
Bkod g[okD.
gdw g[okD.
fbzr^ fJBQK d'jK nZyoK ftu'A d' g[okDK dk rqfjD eoBK^
fbz^
fbzr g[okD.
187

^
ro[D g[okD.
e{Pe^ fJBQK fszBK nZyoK ftu'A d' g[okDK dk rqfjD eoBK^
e{^
e{ow g[okD.
18 g[okDK d/ ;b'eK dh frDsh L^
;e^ ;ezX g[okD .
1) ws;: g[okD 14000 ;b'e
2) wkoezv/ g[okD 9000 ;b'e
3) Gfty:s g[okD 14000 ;b'e
4) Gkrts g[okD 18000 ;b'e
5) pqjw g[okD 10000 ;b'e
6) pqjwKv g[okD 121000 ;b'e
7) pqjw tos 18000 ;b'e
8) tkwB 10000 ;b'e
9) tk:{ g[okD 24800 ;b'e
10) ftPB{z g[okD 29000 ;b'e
11) tokj g[okD 24000 ;b'e
12) nrfB g[okD 16000 ;b'e
13) Bkod g[okD 25000 ;b'e
14) gdw g[okD 55000 ;b'e
15) fbzr g[okD 11000 ;b'e
16) ro[V g[okD 19000 ;b'e
17) e{ow g[okD 17000 ;b'e
18) ;ezd g[okD 391200 ;b'e
nmkoK T[g g[okD ^
1H ;Bs e[wko 2H Bko f;zx 3H Bkodh: 4H fPt 5H d[opkPk
6H efgb 7HwkBt 8H T[PkB; 9H toD 10 PKp 11 Bzde/Pto
12H P"o 13H gok;[o 14H nkfds: 15H wkj/P_o 16H Gkrts
17H tf;PN 18H ekbh
18H d[y L^
gzi frnkB fJzdq/ s/ S/tK wB, S/ fJzBQK d/ fty:, S/ T[BQK
ftfynK d/ frnkB (S/ fsnK nmkoK) ;oho, ;[y s/ d[y .
188

18 f;XhnK L^ nDwk, wfjwk, r[owsk, bx[wk, gqkgsh, t;heoD, ekw:,
nmkoK ftfdnk L^
JhPsk, nB{owh, d{o ;otD, wB'p/r, ekwo{g, go ek: got/;,
;_Szd fwqs{, ;[o eqhVk doPB, ;zebg, ngofs jfs rfs, d{o
doPB .
nmkoK ftfdnk dk d;w gkfsPkj ih B/ fIeo ehsk j? L^
d; uko uko gqphB, d; s/ d' tko uko uko, nmkoK ftfdnk ftu fijV/ gqphB jB L^
uko t/d, S/ t/dKr, whwk;k, B:k:, Xow PkPsq, g[okD, n:[ot/d, XB[ot/d, rzXot t/d
noE PkPso.
ftPB{z g[okD ;b'e L^
nzrkfB t/dkP us_ko' whwK;k B:k: ft;so L Xow Pk;szq g[okD; uftd:k j:/sk ;[
us[o dPk.
n:[o p/d' XB[o t/d' rkBXqt ; u/fs s/ sq:L.
Xow PkPsqz usqEzs{ ftfd:k j:k;Nk dP?ts{ ] ftPB{z g[okD.
nmkoK ftfdnk ^
4 t/d, 6 t/d d/ nzr, (d;) s/ 11 whwK;k, 12 B:k:,
13H g[okD, 14H wB[ f;fwqfs, 15H Xow PkPsq 16H nk:[ot/d
17H XB[o t/d 18H rzXot t/d .
(nmkoK poB, nmkoK g[okD)
19 (T[Bh dh frDsh)
;koh d[BhnK dh frDsh 19 she j? go r[of;y 19 dh frDsh bzx e/ i' th;
ft;t/ g{oB ;fsr[o{ ih jB T[BQK ftu nG/d j' iKdk j?.
d; fdPK s/ B"A yzv .
189

20 (thj dh frDsh)
1H nekb g[oy f;oiBjko tkfjr[o{ goh g{oB gqwkswk 2H uzdqwK s/ ;{oi 3H fdB s/
oks 4H ;[y d[y 5H joy ;'r 6H Boe ;[or 7H g[zB gkg 8H iBw woD 9H ihtD w[es 10H
Gbk p[ok 11H fwsq Pso{ 12H oki i'r 13H fiZs jko 14H ;zi'r fti'r 15H BhAd G[Zy 16H
nk;k wB;k 17H T[;ss fBzdk 18H fjzd{ w[;bwkB 19H fJ;sqh g[oy 20H fiwh n;wkB.
21 (fJeh dh frDsh)
fJZeh d[y L gzi frnkB fJzdq/ s/ S/tK wB, S/ fJBQK d/ fty:, S/
T[BQK d/ ftfy:K d/ frnkB ( S/ fsnK nmkoK) ;oho, ;[y s/ d[y ]
fJZeh Boe ^
1H skfwq; 2H nzXskfw;q 3 o"ot 4H wjko"ot 5H Boe 6H
wjkBoe 7H ekb;{sq 8H ;zihtB9H wjkthfu 10H sgB 11H
;zgqskgB 12H ;zskj13H;zeke'b 14H e[vwb 15H gqfsw[ofse
16 b'jPze 17H foih; 18H Pkbwbh 19H t?soDh 20H
nf;gsqpB 21H b/jdkoe .
24 (u"th dh frDsh)
24 ntsko wS, eS, pokj, w'jBh, Bof;zx, go;okw, okwuzdq, p:k;,
25 (gZuh dh frDsh)
feqPB, pbGZdo, pktB, p[X, Bkod, foyGd/t, ebg, jz;,
fgqE{, dsksq/:, BkokfJD, j: roht, t?t;_sB, XBzsq, ebeh.
gZuh gqfeoshnK L^
gziK G{sK d/ i' gzi gqeko d/ r[D nEtk fjZ;/ jB .
1H nekP d/ gzi fjZ;/ L ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, wd .
2H tk:{ d/ gzi fjZ;/ L ubBk, d"VBK, e{dBK, c?bDK, ;[zrVBK.
3H nZr d/ gzi fjZ;/ L s/i, S[Xk, fsqyk, BhAd, nkb;.
4H ib d/ gzi fjZ;/ L phoi, o[dq, uoph, g;hBK, bkbK.
5H fgqEth d/ gzi fjZ;/ L o'w, uow, BkVh, wk;, n;fE.
190

T[BQK B{z gqfeoshnK nkyd/ jB, ;' gziK sZsK d/ gzi gzi r[D tk
fj;/ j'D eoe/ e[b gzMh j' rJhnK jB.
fJBQK dh T[sgsh fJ; gqeko fbyh j? ;{yw f;q;Nh dh T[sgsh ;? nBzs JhPto dh fJSk s/
;E{b f;q;Nh e/ Bfws G{sB ek gzuheoB j'sk j?. gzuheoD d' GKs ek j'sk j? L^
1H fJe fJe ss d/ d' d' fj;/ fJe' fij/ j' e/ fco fJe fj;/ d/ uko uko fjZ;/ j'J/ fJBQK gziK
dk gfjbk nZX fjZ;k fiT[A dk fsT[A jh fojk j?, nZX/ nZX/ fjZ;/ d/ i' uko uko fjZ;/ jB T[j
ty ty oj/, tv/ nZfXnK fjZf;nK w/A ngD/ ngD/ fj;/ B{z SZv e/ fwb/, nZXk fj;k ;GBK
sZsK ftu ngDk no nZXk fj;k d{;fonK sZsK dk fwb e/ nEtk fwbe/ gzuheoD ejkT[Adk
j?.
2H d{;ok fJ; gqeko j?, i?;/ gziK nkdwhnK e'b gzi gzi o'NhnK j'tB, fJe nkdwh
BkbfdnK B{z fJe fJe o'Nh fdzdk j? s/ T[; e'b fJe ofj iKdh j? s/ fJe fJe d{finK e'b'A b?
e/ g{ohnK gzi gzi j' iKdhnK jB, fJ;h soK fJe sZs dk fJe r[D e'b oZyDK s/ fJe fJe
d{fink B{z d/ d/DK fJ; soQK gziK sZsK d/ ;ko/ r[D fwb iKd/ jB fJe fJe nzP ngDh s/ fJe
d{fink dh ;GBK e'b nk iKdh j? s/ ;G fJe' fij/ofjzd/ jB fJ; dk Bkw gzuheoB j? :K gzMh
gqfeoshnK ejhnK iKdhnK jB. fJj T[go fbfynk ;E{b ;oho dk j?, d{;ok ;{yw ;oho
j[zdk j?, fi; ftu ss BjhA j[zd/ gqzs{ sZsK dhnKgqfeoshnK j[zdhnK jB.
nekP d/ gzi fjZ;/ L^ wB, p[X, fus, njzeko, (nzso fJzdq:)
tk:{ d/ gzi fjZ;/ L^ t:kB,;wkB, gqkD, T[dkB, ngkB(gzi gqkD).
nZr d/ gzi fjZ;/ L^ nZyK,BZe, ezB, ihG, stuk,(frnkB fJzdq/).
ib d/ gzi fjZ;/ L^ jZE, g?o, w{zj, r[dk, fbzr.
fgqEth d/ gzi fjZ;/ L^ Ppd, ;goP, o{g, o;, rzX (gzi fty:)
fJ; B{z jh ;{Sw ;oho sEk fbzr ;oho efjzd/ jB, jo fJe fptjko fbzr ;oho w/A j[zdk j?,
fJj ;oho nzr[;N gqwkD Pk;sqekoK B/ fbfynk j?. fJ;h soQK fJe ekoD ;oho j? i' fbzr
;oho ek phi j? n"o ;E{b ;oho gzi ss ek phi j?, fJe e/tb ;oho j? fi; ;w/A frnkB
j[zdk j? ;' ;oho uko gqeko dk j? ;wk; eoe/ fbfynk j?. (d/y' nfGbkP ;kro gzBK 188 s'A
191)
27 (;skJh dh frDsh)
27 f;wqshnK 1H wB{z f;wqsh 2H :krtbe 3H tfPPN 4HgokPo 5H ;zy 6H
bx[ jkohs 7H fpqX jkohs 8H Bkod 9H dy 10H bx[nsqh 11H
191

fpqX nsqh 12H ;'w 13H :w 14H ds 15H p[X 16H ftPB 17H
;{eq 18H bx{r'sw 19H fpqXr'sw 20H eksÎkfJB 21H d/tb 22H
ng;szp 23H pqj;gs 24H fpnk; 25H fbfys 26H nzfro;
27H ;sksg.
27 BSZsq L^ nPtBh, GoBh, feqsek, o'jDh, fwqrf;o, nkodok, g[Bop;{,
32 (pZsh dh frDsh)
g[P:, n;b/yk, wxk, g{opk T[sok, j;s, fusok, ;_Ksh,
ft;kyk, nB[okXk, i/PNk, w{b, g{opykVk, T[sokykVk,
nfGfis,;qtD, XB/PNk, ;s skoek, g{op Gkod gd,
T[sokGkd qgd.
g[oPK d/ 32 bZyD
fi; pkbe d/ gzi dhox, gzi ;{yw, ;ks oes, S/ T[Bs, shB ft;sfos, fszB bx[, fszB
rzGho j't/, T[j g[oP fJBK byDK Pq/PN frfDnk iKdk j?.
1H G[ik 2H B/so 3H jB[ 4H Bk;K 5H t;Eb fJj fi;d/ tZv/ j'tD .
2H stuk 2H e/P 3H nzr[bhnK 4H dzd 5H nzr[bhnK dh rzYK, fJj gzi fi; dhnK ;{yw
j"bhnK j'tB T[j fdegkb'A d/ gd tkbk j'sk j?.
1H jZE d/ EZb/ 2H g?oK d/ EZb/ 3H B/soK d/ nzs d/; (B/soK d/ ftu) 4H skb{ 5H fijpk, 6H
nXo j'm jZEK g?oK d/ Bj[z, fi; d/ bkb j'tB T[j g[oP oki ;[y d/ bkfJe j[zdk j?.
1H eSK 2H g/N 3H nbeK 4H ;ezX 5H jZE d/ T[go gk;/ 6H w[y, fJj fi; d/ fugN/ ;/ Bk
j't/ T{u/ j't/, T[j g[oP pV/ n?;toI tkbk j[zdk j?.
1H fbbkN 2H efN 3H ty;Eb nkfde fi; dk ft;Eko tkbk j't/ T[j g{oB gqskgh j[zdk j?.
1H rqhtk 2H izxK 3H fbzr fi; d/ S'N/ j'D T[j Pbkxk :'r j[zdk j?.
1H ;to 2H BkGh 3H ;_st fi; d/ rzGho j't/ g[oy ;q/PN j[zdk j?. fJfsnkfde pZsh byD
rqzEekoK B/ fby/ jB. byDK dk efps
1 2 3 4 5
;[zdo ;[bi ;[Xh ;kj;h ;[fjod
6 7 8 9 10
;ku' ;{o' ;[u ;ktXkB ;k;sqr
11 12 13 14
192

T[dwh T[dko r[Brqkjh n" rzGho bkb
15 16 17 18
P[XwB Xowh SwhA ;[sZst r:kBhJ/
19 20 21 22
fJzdqhfis ;s:pqsh ;[feosh fXqsh
23 24 25 26
fpBhs s/i;h d:kb gqhs^jfo ;' gqwkBh:/
27 28 29 30 31 32
b'G S'G fjz;k ekw egN ro{osk
bSD J/ psh; fSsh; e/ pykBhJ/
efps
1 2 3 4 5
;[feos gqwkD e[b o{g feo:kt/d ;dk
6 7 8 9 10
;iD ;p[X ;s ;hb pqsXkoh j?.
11 12 13 14 15
fpuZyD fpBJh igh ftPtkP pzdBh:,
16 17 18 19 20
eft fBob'G d:k dkBh T[gekoh j?.
21 22 23 24
s[S^fBzdqk fJzdqhfis ;[fu gqekPp[fX
25 26 27 28
193

jfo r[o wks fgsk^Grs fgnkoh j?.
29 30 31 32
;k;sqr Xkowe fwsG[e p;ekw,
psh P[G byD BoK irs wMkoh j?. ( r[L fBL;kL)
fJ;sqhnK d/ pZsh bZyD
1H ;[zdosk 2H ;tZSsk 3H bZik 4H us[okJh 5H ftfdnk 6H gfs Grsh
7H ;/tk 8H d:k 9H ;s: 10H fgqnpkDh 11H gq;zBsk 12H fBwosk
13H fBPegNsk 14H J/esk 15H Xhoi 16H XqwB/Pmk 17H ;ziw
18H T[dkosk 19H rzGhosk 20H T[dw 21H ;{ophosk 22H okr
23H ekt: 24H fusq 25H n"PXh 26H o;'Jh 27H c[btkVh 28H ;hT[Dk gq'DK 29H xo
dhnK t;s{nK dk :Ek :'r fPzrkoBk, 30H xo nkJ/ gqkj[fDnK dk nkdo ;fseko 31H pi[or
dk ;fseko 32H ;zskB dk gkbDK.
36 (SZsh dh frDsh)
SZsh gdkoEK dh frDsh
1H ;G soK dhnK o'NhnK 2H g{ohnK 3H eu"oh 4H g{V/ 5Huktb 6H dkbK 7H G[oih, ;kr 8H
eVQh 9H tVhnK 10H ;/thnK 11H fyuVh 12H ge"V/ 13H uNBhnK 14H nuko 15H w[oZp/ 16H
p{zdh djhA GZb/ 17H o?sk 18H gkgV 19H eVkj gqPkd 20H yho 21H gzihoh e;ko ;Zs{ u{owk
22H ;hoBh bZv{ ib/ph 23H bkg;h 24H opVh 25H wbkJh 26H fwPoh wZyD 27H f;yoDh
28H d[ZX fwbk nzp o; 29H dfXseo 30H eKih jkIw/ e/ gkDh 31H cb y[Peso 32H skoh
33H wZmh wZm? 34H c/Vh 35H x/to 36H u{oD nkfd. (r[L fBL ;kL)
40 (ukbh dh frDsh)
40 w[es/ uwe"o ;kfjp tkb/
1H fjzws f;zx 2H jodk; f;zx 3H r[odk; f;zx 4H r[ofds f;zx 5H eow f;zx 6H ;zs f;zx
7H ;zrs f;zx 8H ;kfjp f;zx 9H ;ZiD f;zx 10H P/o f;zx 11H ;zr' f;zx 12H ;/tk f;zx 13H
;o{g f;zx 14H ;od{b f;zx 15H oDihs f;zx 16H osB f;zx 17H fpPB f;zx 18H w[jew
f;zx 19H wskp f;zx 20HGrtkB f;zx 21H gq/w f;zx 22Ht;ktk f;zx 23H fBjkb f;zx 24H
gzikp f;zx 25H N/e f;zx 26H mke[o f;zx 27H sqb'e f;zx 28H mke[o f;zx 29H Mzvk f;zx
30HyVe f;zx 31H r[odk; f;zx 32H uVQs f;zx 33H itkjo f;zx 34H i?wb f;zx 35H
194

itkbk f;zx 36H d:kb f;zx 37H gzikp f;zx 38H dkw'do f;zx 39H BkokfJD f;zx 40H g/qw
f;zx .
w[es;o ;kfjp tkb/ 40 w[es/
1H GkJh ;who f;zx 2H BkokfJD f;zx 3H w:k f;zx 4H rzrk f;zx 5H rzvk f;zx 6H eow f;zx
7H eoB f;zx 8H ;[j/b f;zx 9H ;oik f;zx 10H ;[bskB f;zx 11H jo;k f;zx 12H joh f;zx
13H ;zs f;zx 14H feqgkb f;zx 15H ehos f;zx 16H ekbk f;zx 17H r[bkp f;zx 18H p{V f;zx
19H XzBk f;zx 20H d:kb f;zx 21H Gkr f;zx 22H p{V f;zx 23H G'bk f;zx 24H Gzrk f;zx
25H wjK f;zx 26H Xow f;zx 27H xopkok f;zx 28H uzpk f;zx 29H ikd' f;zx 30H i'rk
f;zx 31H izr f;zx 32H wZik f;zx 33H wkB f;zx 34H bSwD f;zx 35H d:kb f;zx 36H
dopkok f;zx 37H fdbpkr f;zx 38H wjK f;zx 39H ;[bskB f;zx 40H ;'Gk f;zx. ;odko
wjK f;zx ih fJBQK d/ ;odko ;B ns/ wkJh Gkr' ih B/ tzrko fdZsh e/ r[o{ d/ ;Bw[y j' e/
feT[A Bk bV'.
49 (T[Dzik dh frDsh)
49 y/sogkb
1H nio 2H ng e[zG 3H fJzdo's;sh 4H JhVkdko 5H T[es ;zr:k 6H T[;wkd 7H fo;h ;{dB
8H ohw[es 9H fog[se/; 10H Bqhge 11H e/e dz;Nqe 12H n?okts 13H Ux XzX{ 14H U;Xh;
15H nzio 16H n;s okto 17H etb 18H yo{ ykBb 19H rkw[y 20H xzNkd 21H UwD 22H
uzv pkbB 23H SNkN'g 24H iNkb 25H fGqrht 26H ftqV 27H uo 28H Nze 29H gkDh 30H
nB[;mkB pzX 31H vkwo 32H YZekot 33H DtkoD 34H sVs 35H d/; fpo 36H dzso XkBd
37H fsqeksks 38H gquzv 39H cNkeko 40H pho ;zr 41HfGzqr 42H w/x Gk;[o 43H i[rKs 44H
o'M 45H b"p/PB d;{ 46H;{eBzd 47H yVkb 48H ;[Bkw 49H njzp[e
(;z;feqs Ppd ebg dq; e'P ftu'A)
52 (ptzik dh frDsh)
r[o{ ih d/ ptzik ethnK d/ Bkw
1H T[d/ok: 2H nDhokJ/ 3H nzfwqsokJ/ 4H nZb{ 5Hnk;kf;zx 6H nkfbw 7H JhP_odk;
8H;[yd/t 9H ;[yk f;zx 10H;[yhnk 11H;[dkwk 12H;?Bkgfs 13Hf;nkw 14Hjho 15Hj[;?B nbh
16Hjz;okw 17HeZb{ 18He[to/P 19HykBuzd 20Hr[Dhnk 21Hr[odk; 22Hr'gkb 23HuzdB
24Huzdk 25Hiwkb 26HNfjeB 27H Xow f;zx 28HXzBk f;zx 29HfXnkB f;zx 30HBkB{
31HfBPub dk; 32HfBjkb uzd 33HBzd f;zx 34HBzd bkb 35H fgzvh dk; 36HpZbG 37H pZb{
38HfpXh uzd 39Hp[bzd 40Hfpqy 41Hfpqi bkb 42HwEok 43HwdB f;zx 44HwdB fro 45HwZb{
46HwkBdk; 47Hwkbk f;zx 48Hwzrb 49Hokw 50Hoktb 51Ho"PB f;zx 52HbZyk. (wjkB e'P)
195

52 nZyo fjzdh GkPk L^
nZyo sK 34 jh jB go fJBQK d/ ;pzX eoe/ 52 jB L^
A Aw e e~ a a~ E Ey Ao AO A< A: ƒ
l÷ lú]
k K g G | ] c C j J \ ] t T f F x ]q Q d D n ]
p P b B m ] X r l v ]S † s h ] @ Z z ]
ns/ r[ow[yh nZyoK ftu th sq? nZyoK dk b'g eoe/ u"Ash ikD b?D/.
64 (u"Ajm dh frDsh)
64 ebk iK ftfdnk
1H rhs rktDk 2H tkd: phDK fwqdzr nkfde tki/ tiktD/ 3H fBosekoh eoBk 4H
nkb/y:^ s;thoK nkfde fyuDhnK 5H BkN:^;Kr nkfde pBktD/ 6H pj[s/ S/e s/ fsbe
ouBK dh us[okJh 7H szv[b e[;b pb fpeko^ g{iB ftu uktb c[bK dh BkBk gqeko dh
ouBk eoBh 8H c[bK dh ;/i pDktBh 9H nzrK dzdK p;sqK ftu ozr nfde pDktB/ 10H
iVkT{ ezw eoB/ 11H ;'jDK gbzx s/ ;'jDh ;/ik dh ouBk eoBh 12H T[de tkd: ^ ib
sozr Bkb ib d/ tki/ tiktB/ 13H T[dexksL^ ib B{z ve b?Dk ib ftu soBk 14H
fusok :'r L^ nB/e uhIK B{z d/y e/ Gb/ T[gkT[ ;'uD/ 15H wkbroEBL^ ftebg jko
pBktD/ 16H ;/yok ghV :'iB L^ f;ow/, wkbk ns/ j'o rfjD/ pBktD/ :kBh i'VB/
17HB/gZE :'r L^ szp{ eBks brktD dh us[okJh 18H eoD gsq Gzr L^ ezB d/ rfjfDnK
dh ouBK 19H rzX :[es L^ nso nkfde pBktD/ dh :[esh, neb 20H G{yD :'iB rfjD/
gfjoktD/ dh neb 21H fJzdq ikb L^ wdkohnK tKr swkP/ s/ y/bK nkfde eoBhnK 22H
e"u wko:'r L^ e[u[wko Bkw tkb/ okeP B/ i' BkBk gqeko fbfynk j? T[; e' Ikjo eoBk
tk T[;e/ fby/ o{g d;D/ 23H j;s bkxtz L^ jE ubkeh nEtk jE c/oh eoBh 24H eg{g
Gyfteko fefonk L^ G'iB pBktD dh wo:kdk s/ us[okJh 25H gkBeo ;okr ;t:'iBz
L^ b{D fwou tkb/ fJwbh nBkodkB/ nkfde'A e/ o; n"o n"PXhnK d/ ;[zdo ozr n"o Pokp
d/ noeK dk eYDK Gkt Bkwh wPj{o t?d :k wPj{o nsko j'Dk 26H ;{uh tk: eow L^
;{Jh ez[vh dk eow 27H ;{s eqhVk L^ ;{so dh v'o Bkb bkN{ s/ g[sbhnK nkfde BuktB d/
swkP/ 28H gqj/bdk L^ gj/bhnK p[MkosK nkfde 29H gfsgkbkL^ ;G uhIK dh Peb
pBktDh 30H d[opue :'r L^ i' uhI iK rb iK Ppd efjD ftu n"yk j't/ fs; d/ efjD
dk T[gkT[ 31H g[;se tkuB L^ N[N/ j'J/ nZyo w/b e/ ;[zdo gkm eoBk nEtk fe;/ g[;se
dk ;[zdo gkm eoBk 32H BkNeky:k: ek doPB L^ BkNeK ftu ejh j'Jh eEk B{z ou e/
fdyktDk 33H ekp: ;wZf;nk L^ g{oB eft eh ;woE gqhfynk j/s ej/ xkN/ tkbk Szd
g{oB eoBk^ i?;/ nepo ihsh uko fdP b? eo PwP/o sjK w/o feBihfs:' wkbk e?;' c/o
34H gfNek t/so pkfD ftebg L^ p?As sho fBtkokfd gNhnK dk BkBk ohs ;/ pBktBk
196

35H soe{ eow L^ sob/ Y/oBh nkfde'A e/ ;{s n" tkD tND/ dh neb 36H syD L^
fSbD n" eZND dh ekokroh 37H pk;[s ftfdnkL^ wzdo ouB dh ekokroh 38H o{g osB
gqhfynk L^ i"joh j'DK 39H Xks[ pkd o;kfJDL^ o;kfJD ftfdnk 40H wDh okr r:kBz
L^ jho/ nkfde'A ;/ ozr' ek pBkDk ikBDk 41H nkeo r:kBL^ uhIK dhnK ykDK dk r:kB
42H fpqS nk:[ot/d :'r L^ fpqSK t/bK dk brkT[DK s/ fgT[Ad eoB d/ sohe/ ikBD/ 43H
w/o e[eN bkte :[X fpfX ^ whY/ e[eV pN/foUA dh bVkJh ek gqeko 44H ;[e ;kfoek
gqbkgBzL^ s's/ w?BK gVQktB 45H T[s;kdB^ wzso w/A Pso{ e' T[ukNB eoBk 46H e/;
wkoiBL^ e'wb e/;K d/ X"D s/ ;tkoB dh us[okJh 47H nyo w[PNek eEB L^ nZyo d/y/
s'A fpBK d;D/ s/ w[m tkbh uhI fpBK d/y/ s'A d;Dh 48H wb/fSs eft ebg:tBL^
ftfdnk ikDBh s/ eftsk pBktDhnK 49H d/; Gkyk frnkB L^ d/P d/PKso'A ehnK p'bhnK
ikDBhnK 50H g[Pg ;eN ek BfwZs L^ c{b'A eh rvh ;pp ikBDk 51H :zfsq wksqek L^
nkeko ;/ b/y: gq:zs nyo'A ek Bkw wksqek j? fsB e/ wzfsq wj'dfX w/A ej/ :zs'qA ek ikBDK
52H XkoB wkfsqek L wksqek e/ X:kB nkfde'A ek gqeko 53H ;zgkd:z Bk ckN ;es/L^ jho/
e/ N[eV/ eoB/ 54H wkB;h ekp: fefo:k L^ d{;o/ d/ wB ftu fEs t;s{ d/ efjD dk
gqeko 55H fefonk ftebgL^ fJe ezw B{z nB/e soK ;/ pBkT[DK 56H Sbfse :'rL^Sb
ftfdnk d/ gqeko 57H nfGXkB e'P L^ SzdK dk frnkB fbzrkB[ ;k;B n"o e'P n"o fgzrb'A
ek ikBDk 58H p;sq r'gB L^ d[Pkb/ o/Pw nkfde p;so'A eh oy:k e/ gqeko 59H d:{s
fp:/y L^ u"gV rzick dk ikDBk 60H nkeoD eohVk d{o d/P rJ/ e' izsq wzsq ;/ yhAu b/DK
61H pkbe eqhVk L^ pkbeK d/ fpB'd j/s y/bD nkfd 62H p?Bk:eh ftfdnk frnkBL^
rD/P d/tsk eh fbyBkfd ftfdnk ek r:kB 63H p?if:eh ftfdnk frnkB L^ i? (cs/)
eoB dh ftfdnkdk r:kB 64H p?skb eh ftd:k ek r:kB L^ G{sK gq/sK izsqK wzsqK dk
ikBDK. (r[ows fBoD/ ;kro)
64 ebk iK ftfdnk
p?pos g[okD ftu 16 pkD eth B/ 48 ebk fpbk; ns/ wjkGkos P[eo Bhsh ftu 64 ns/
bfbs fp;so ftu 84, r[o{ ih Anq klw hoie Twkuru ciVAw](1081) J/E/
64 ebk iK ftfdnk dk fBoDk L^
jkt Gkt ;fjs Bku, tkfinK dk ti"Dk, p;sq rfjD/ ;ikT[D dk Yzr, nB/e o{g
pDkT[D dh ftfdnk, c[bK dk r[zdDK, i{nk nkfd y/bK, ekw d/ nk;DK dk frnkB, wdok
nkfd o;K dk pBkT[DK, BkVhnK d/ xkt fwNkT[D dh ftfdnk, nzB d/ nB/e o;K dk
pBkT[DK, fpqS bkT[D gkbD dk fJbw, Xks{nK dk fgzxkoBk ns/ em'o eoBk, r[V nkfd
o; ge"D/, Xks{ dh dtk pDkT[Dh, fwbhnK XksK B{z nbZr eoBk, XksK B{z fwbkT[DK,
fJwkos ouBk, Pk;sqK dk ubkT[DK, wb :[ZX, :zsq n;sqK dk c?AeDK, c"i dk febk
ouBk, jkEh x'V/ nkfd dk izr ftu gq:'r eoB dk Yzr, d/tfsnK dk nokXB, x'V/ jkEh
B{z ukb f;ykT[DK, fwZNh dhnK t;s{nK ouBhnK, ekm d/ gdkoE pB"D/, gZEo dk ;wkB
ouBK, Xks{ dh t;s{ pDkT[Dh, ykDh (nkeo) dk r:kB ;'B/ uKdh nkfd dk, skb pktbh
e{g nkfd dh ouBK, xNh izso dh ouBK, ozrK d/ w/b Bkb nB/eK ozr ouB/, ib gtB
197

nrBh d/ ;zi'r Bkb o'rK dh o'eD dh feqnk, fePsh dh ouBk, oZ;h tZNDh, egVk
p[BDk, osBK dh goy, n;bh s/ pBktNh Xks{ dk frnkB, rfjD/ xVQB/, b/g pDkT[D d/
gqeko, gP{ gkbD, d[ZX u'DK, egVk f;T{DK, gkDh s/ soBK, posB ;kc eoB dk
frnkB, eZgV/ X'D dk fJbw, e/;K d/ fPzrkoB dk tb, wkbP d/ Yzr, s/b eZYD dk
frnkB, w[oZp/ nkfd pBkT[D/, ib f;ziDK, doZys T[go uVQBK, pb ekoe gdkoEK d/
;/tB dh ;wM, pK; s{s nkfd s'A gkso ouD/, eZu d/ GKv/ pBkT[D/, ib ;kc eoBk,
jfEnko xVQB/, gP{ fuzBQK s'A Gbk p[ok ;wMD dh ;wM, pZu/ gkbDK, pZfunK dh
f;Zfynk, pZfunK Bkb y/vDK, nB/e nZyoK dk ;[zdo fbyDK, ngokXh B{z dzv d/D dk
r:kB, gkBK dk oyPD ns/ phVhnK nkfd dh ouBK dk frnkB ] B'NL ^ eJh EkJhA J/;
frDsh ftu tkXk xkNk th j?.(wjkB e'P).
ftfdnk fesB/ gqeko dh j? L^
ftfdnk nBzs gqeko dh j?. ftdtkBK B/ i' G/d ebg/ jB T[BQK ftu'A gqXkB nzr fJj jB L^
1H ftfrnkB (Philosphy) fcb';ch fJ; d/ nzr jB.
(T) wkBth ftfr:kB (Psychology) ;kJhe"b[ih.
(n) B:k: (Logic) b"fie.
(J) uouk ftfdnk (Dialectics) vkfJb?efNe;.
(;) ;dkuko ftfdnk (Ethics) n?fEe;.
(j) Xow ftfdnk (Religion) fobZIB.
(e) pqjw ftfdnk (Theclogy) fEn"b[ih.
(y) nksw ftfdnk (Metaphysics) w?NkfcfIe;.
(r) G{s ftfdnk (Spiritualism) f;fgou[ nb/fJIw.
(x) i'fsP ftfdnk (Astrology) n;Nq'b[ih.
(C) owb ftfdnk (Geomancy) fiU w?B;h.
(u) ;wki ftfdnk (Sociology) P'Phnkb'ih fJ; d/ nzr jB
& ;wki rfDs (Statistics) ;N?fN;fNe;.
Bhsh (Political Science) g"bhNheb ;kfJz;.
;ziw ftfdnk (Economics) fJe[B"fwe;.
xo'rh ;ziw ftfdnk
(Domestic Economy) v"w';fNe fJekB"wh
198

Education n?i{e/PB nkfd.
(2) ;kfJz; fJ; d/ nzr jB L^
(1) fj;kp (Arith metic) noE w?fNe.
(2) o/yk rfDs (Geometry) fiT{w?Noh.
(3) wkg ftfdnk (Mansulation) w?B;[b/PB.
(4) nbipok (Algobra) nbi?pok nkfd.
(5) nek; ftfdnk (Astronomy) n?;No"B'wh.
(6) gdkoE ftfdnk (Physics) fcfIe;.
(7) o;kfJD ftfdnk (Chemistry) e?fw;Noh.
(8) G{roG ftfdnk (Geology) fin"b[ih.
(9) ihtB ftfdnk (Biology) fpn"b[ih
fJ; d/ nzr jB L^
1H tB;gsh ftfdnk (Botony) p"N[Bh.
2H iht izs ftfdnk (Zoology) i{n'b[ih d/ nzr jB ^
1H gSwh ftfdnk (Ornithology) n"oBhE"b[ih.
2H Xks[ ftfdnk (Minralogy) fwBo?bih.
3H dqth ftfdnk (Hydrostatics) jkvo';N?fNe;.
4H t?fde ftfdnk (Medicine) w?vh;hB fJ; d/ nzr jB.
1H wkB; ufes;k (Human Pathology) j:{wB g?E'b[ih.
2H g;{ ufes;k (Veterinary Science) ftNoBoh ;kfJz;.
3H iokjh (Surgery) ;oioh nkfd.
4H nzr ftfdnk (Anatomy) nB"Nwh.
5H ;oho ftfdnk ( Physiology) fcIn"b[ih.
6H fJzihBhnoh (Engineering) fJzihfBnfozr.
7H y/shpkVh (Agriculture) n?rohebuo.
199

8H g[okD/ yzvok dh y'i (Archeology) nkoehn"b[ih.
9H Ppd ftfdnk (Acoustics) nekT[;fNe; nkfd.
10H fJfsjk; ftfdnk (History) fj;Noh.
11H nEtk (Chronology) eo'B'b[ih.
12H G{r'b ftfdnk (Geography) fiUrokch.
13H j[Bo s/ ekohroh (Arts and Crafts) nkoN; n?Av eokcN;
fJ; d/ nzr jB.
(T) okr ftfdnk ( Music) fwT{fIe.
(n) fusqekoh (Painting) g/AfNzr.
(J) BekPh ( Drawing) vokfJzr.
(;) ne; ftfdnk (Photography) c'N'rqkch.
(j) T[eoDk (Engraving) n?Brq/ftzr.
(e) ;zrsokPh (Sculpture) ;ebgNo.
(y) fPbg (Architecture) nkoehN?euo.
(r) ePhdk ( Embroidery) n?wpqkUvoh.
(x) ;kfjs ftfdnk (Litrature) fi; d/ nzr jB ^^
(T) GkPk ftfrnkB (Languages) b?Ar{fJfII.
(n) GkfPnk ftfdnk (Philoloy) fcb'b[ih.
(J) tke: ftfdnk (Phonetics) c?BfNe;.
(;) ftnkeoD (Grammar) rqkwo.
(j) S/d ftfdnk (Prosody) go';[vh (fgzr[b).
(e) nbzeko ftfdnk (Rhetoric) ohN[foe nkfd (wjkB e'P)
68 (nmkjN dh frDsh)
nmk;m shoE^
200

1) Unzeko 26) r'wsh 51) Ghw/Pto
2) n:[X:k 27) r'toXB 52) fGqr{s[zr
3) ntzfsek 28) rzrk;kro 53) wjkekb
4) J/oktsh 29) rzvek 54) wjkp'fX
5) Psdqt 30) xoxok 55) wEok
6) ;o;tsh 31) uwoB_sh 56) wkB;o'to
7) ;o:{ 32) fusqe{N 57) wk:kg[oh
8) f;zX[ 33) uzdqGkrk 58) wzdkfeBh
9) fPgqk 34) irzBkE 59) :w[Bk
10) ;"D 35) itkbkw[yh 60) okw/Pto
11) ;qh;?b 36) sgzsh 61) fts;sk
12) Pqhozr 37) skwqgoDh 62) ftzX:
13) jfodtko 38) s[zrGdqk 63) ftgkP
14) egkbw'uB 39) dPkP_w/X 64) ftwb/Pto
15) efgb'de 40) fdqPdtsh 65) t/Dk
16) ekPh 41) d_kfoek 66) t/sqtsh
17) eKuh 42) Xkok 67) t?PBth
18) ekbzio 43) Bopdk 68) t?dÎBkE
19) ekt/oh 44) BkrshoE
20) e[o[y/sq 45) B?fw;
21) e/dkoBkE 46) g[Peko
22) e"fPeh 47) gq:kr fsqp/Dh ;zrw
23) r:k 48) fgqE{de
24) r'eoD 49) pdoh BkokfJD
25) r'dktoh 50) Gdq/Pto
nmkjN shoEK d/ Bkw
1HePwho wzvb (nwoBkE).
2H eNky (fibk i/jbw) gqf;X Bkw eNk;.
3H ibzXo ghm (fi; ftu itkbk ih w[yh eKrVk otkb ;o gqf;X j?.
4H e[oy/sq (fiE/ p?m e/ wX[e?NG dk Bk; ehsk s/ e[o{y/sq ;tkfonk) fibQk eoBkb.
5H wk:kg[oh (fi; dk gqf;X Bkw jfod[nko j?) fibQk ;jkoBg[o.
6H d/t gq:kr.
7H rzr'sqh L fiE'A rzrk fBebdh j?.
8H e/dkoBkE.
201

9H pdohBkE (fjwkbk ftu).
10H Bzd gq:kr (fjwkbk ftu).
11H eBt gq:kr (fjwkbk ftu).
12H nkd pdoh (fjwkbk ftu).
13H ;zGb fgzv (B/jebze B/ fiE/ ntsko XkoBk j?) w[okdkpkd.
14H fpqi G{wh (Pqh feqPB ih dh iBw G{wh) fibQk wEok, :{LghL.
15H B/fwykoD ;{seh rZdh.
16H fpm{o (gqf;X Bkw fi; dk pqjwtos j?).
17H gq:kroki
18H fusqe{N
19H n:[fXnk g[oh
20H g[bjk;qw (foVh fgzv ftu).
21H w[eshBkE (fiE'A ;kbrqkw fBeb/).
22H dkw'do e[zv
23H B?gkb g;[gfs
24H iBeg[o
25H ekPh pBko;
26H r'wsh (rzrk d/ Bkb Bdh j?).
27H fp;tkfwsq ek :r: ;EkB (pys;o fgzv ftu).
28H fGqr{ dk nkPow LfiE/ rzrk s/ ;oi{ Bdh dk fwbkg G'ig[o j[zdk j?.
29H fiE'A ;'B Gdo dk fwbkg rzrk d/ Bkb ;/og[o ftu j[zdk j?.
30H fiE/ rzveh s/ rzrk dk fwbkg joy/sq ftu gNB/ ;kfjp j[zdk j?.
31H r:k.
32H ewkyh gqf;X Bkw ekwy:k ekto{ d/P ftu.
33H rzrk ;kro egb foPh dk n;EkB.
202

34H p?soth Bdh r:k dk ftubk ;EkB iKMg[o ftu.
35H irBBkE g[oh G[tB/Pto fPt.
36H nkfd e{ow fiE/ eZS dk ntsko j'fJnk j?.
37H okw shoE (nzfwqs;o ftu).
38H gdw BkG
39H ;qh Bo f;zx (f;zxkub ftu).
40H ;gs ;kro L ;/bzrh fgzv ftu fiE/ ;sXkok j' e/ r'dktoh ;kro ftu fwbh j?.
41H pfPPN ;kro (;zrw p/dh fgzv d/ nzdo fiE/ ik e/ p; j' iKdh j? ;zrw ;wkgsh).
42H feqPBk ;kro fwbkg (wSbh pzdo d/ B/V/).
43H gzBk Bo f;zx nkXk (Pops ghD/ tkbk d/tsk).
44H s[zvho wzvo ( fiE/ ;mK i'iBK ftu GrtkB d/ ntsko XkoB tkbhnK irK jB).
45H u'b d/P ftu rzrkfde( pskbh ;EkB ftu GrtkB p[ZX d/ ntsko XkoB d/ n;EkB jB
i' fe eohpB g?Ash i'iB jB).
46H ;/s[ pzX okw/Pto L fiE/ fe bzek B{z ikD t/b/ ;qh okw uzdq ih B/ ;w[zdo g[o g[b pzXk ;h.
47H gKv d/P ftu eohpB nmkoK ;EkB ftu GrtkB p[X ntsko n;EkB jB i' fe gzMhnK
i'iB (i'iB uko e'j dk j[zdk j?).
48H wb:to (wkbkpko) L d/P ftu u"dK ;EkBK ftu gdwBk GiBkod Bkfd GrtkB e/
ntsko n;EkB i' fe ptziK i'iBK ftu jB.
49H fe;fezXk (pkbh dh okiXkBh).
50H gzvo g[o fpmb ek n;EkB L g[zvohe Grs B/ feqPB ih dk Bkw phmb oZy fbnk ;h.
fJ;h tk;s/ b'fee gqf;ZX Bkw ;[D e/, ;qh Bkwd/t ih B/ pkDh ftu fJj' Bkw T[ukoB ehsk
;h.
51H gzutNh L^ fiE/ okwuzdo ih B/ ;{gByk dk BZe tZfYnk ;h.
52H sq:zpe i:'sh L^ fijVk fe fbzr'A ek okik fiE/ r'dktoh fBebh j?.
53H skgh Bdh dk ;kro ftu fwbkg v[wk; rokw ftu.
54H Bopdk Bdh dk ;w[zdo w/A fwbkg bGkok fgzv ftu.
55H gqGk; y/s (fi; dk fe nmskbh e'jK ftu fp;Eko j?).
203

56H ;[dkwk g[oh L (i' fe ;[dkwk Grs ih dh irQK j?).
57H wkXtg[o.
58H r'wsh dk ;w[zdo ftu fwbkg fiE/ dtkoek v[ph ;h.
59H p/N d[tkoek owDe dhg (fiE/ ghgk Grs ih B/ Skb wkoh ;h).
60H BkokfJB ;o'to eS d/; ftu (e{N/;to wjKd/t).
61H o?tsfro (gqf;X Bkw froBko gops).
62H fpzd[;ko f;Xg[o rokw ftu.
63H g[Peo shoE.
64H b'jkro.
65H T[i?B.
66H UAeko.
67H fjzroki . (r[ows fBoD:)
84 (u[ok;h dh frDsh)
u"ok;h f;XK d/ Bkw
1H Gzro 2H ;zro 3H bzxo 4H Mzro 5H T{ow 6H X{ow 7H eBhck 8H
jBhck 9H bj[ohgk 10H ;kro 11H wzrfo 12H okih osB 13H g{oB Bk;ek 14H fppkbek 15H
ikbek 16H fyzEVk 17H ;[os f;X 18HfBos f;X 19H e/tb eoD 20H f;wgsk 21H r"Brb
22H nwofBX 23H us[op?B 24H okfJn?B 25H e/beoB 26H n"xV 27H gops 28H JhPo
29H GoEoh 30H G[st/ 31H eoB;/ 32H ;zG[ 33H nSod?B 34H gbefBX 35H fgZgbek 36H
;'owk 37H frop'X 38H ;kbek 39H e?;o eoB 40H r?b;k 41H nrfBXko 42H w[esh;o 43H
ubfBBkus' 44H ;{on?B 45H f;X;?B 46H froto 47H i'sbrBh 48Hi'swrBh 49H fpwb
50H i's 51H ;hsb ib 52H nxo xo{ 53H s[b; i'r 54H gqsgkB 55H nekb fBo 56H
G'b;o 57H okwe[to 58H fePB e[to 59H fp;Bgfs 60H Pzeoi'r 61H pqjw i'r 62H who
j[;?Bh 63H who izEhb 64H etbB?B 65H BtbB?B 66H ;[o;_sh 67H r[toXB ;?B 68H
r[cktk;h 69H neb Bk;h 70H ebe;zrh 71H J/eozrh 72H e/tb eowh 73H eow Bk;h 74H
e[b fppk;h 75H w{b wzsqh 76H i'rdzsh 77H i'r ojzsh 78H Jh; gozrh^ nkg o{gh 79H eb/P
X{gh 80H ojhw i'rh 81H ybk; w[rbk 82H ezd i'rh 83H ;zsk bek 84H i'rh pfusq.
84 bZy i{BK dk t/otk
204

Bt by ib e' izs j? ;Ekto ph; pykB]
fJekdPh ehN Gfozr j? ;Ekto ph; pykB]
sh; by g;[ i'fB j? us[o by Bo j'fJ ]
fJB w/A i' okw? Gi? s[b;h XzB j? ;'fJ ]
;qh wkB joh gohpqkiek nkukoi,
;zs ;[j/b f;zx ih wjkoki,
yN PkPsoh us[ot/dh, e'eoh c{bk f;zx,
w'rk, cohde'N. fJBQK d/ gow fPP
;zs irihs f;zx ih joy'tkb,
(fBowb/ ;zs) t/dKs nkukoi,
fBowb nkPow, ;[bskBg[o b'Xh (eg{oEbk).
205