View Catalog PDF - Harvard Apparatus
View Catalog PDF - Harvard Apparatus
View Catalog PDF - Harvard Apparatus
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
the most<br />
comprehensive line for<br />
Behavioral<br />
Research<br />
Locomotor Activity &<br />
Exploration<br />
Sensory Motor &<br />
Coordination<br />
Analgesia<br />
Learning & Memory<br />
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Reward & Addiction<br />
Food &<br />
Drink/Metabolism<br />
Call to receive other<br />
Animal,<br />
Organ & Cell<br />
Physiology<br />
Behavioral<br />
Research<br />
catalogs of interest<br />
Micro/Nano<br />
Fluidics<br />
Cell Biology<br />
&<br />
Electrophysiology<br />
Electroporation<br />
&<br />
Electrofusion<br />
Molecular<br />
Sample<br />
Preparation
Panlab, now a subsidiary of <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong>,<br />
manufactures and distributes high quality equipment<br />
for the biological sciences. For over 30 years, our team<br />
covers all stages of development – from design to<br />
manufacturing, software to hardware, technical and<br />
scientific support. Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> is your<br />
reliable source for the most comprehensive solutions<br />
to your application needs - our offerings include the<br />
following application areas: video tracking, activity/<br />
exploration, sensory motor, analgesia, memory, anxiety,<br />
metabolism, non-invasive blood pressure, and isolated<br />
physiology systems. Our team is ready to adapt,<br />
improve or develop new or pre-existing lines to<br />
meet our customer’s changing requirements.<br />
Modular Operant Box,<br />
superior versatility,<br />
see page 75<br />
acquisition behavioral research catalog<br />
Startle/Fear Combined System,<br />
advanced technology for better results,<br />
see page 71<br />
SMART with Multiple Arena Extension,<br />
exceptional video tracking detection<br />
software, see page 6<br />
Species Guide for Behavioral Systems<br />
rabbit guinea pig rat mouse insect fish<br />
To help you become more familiar with our product line, Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> has added small animal icons for<br />
every product. These icons will help guide you to which species can be used with each system. Above is<br />
a sample of the animal icons you will see throughout this catalog.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
1
Table of Contents<br />
Spatial Place<br />
Preference Box<br />
Products<br />
Page No.<br />
Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5<br />
Video Tracking<br />
SMART Video-Tracking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 – 7<br />
Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking System . . . . . . . . . . .8 – 9<br />
Activity & Exploration<br />
IR Actimeter for Activity & Exploration . . . . . . . . .15 – 16<br />
ActiTrack Software IR Actimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17<br />
Sensory Motor<br />
Rota Rods for Motor Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22<br />
Grip Strength Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 – 24<br />
Rodent Activity Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 – 26<br />
Treadmills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 – 28<br />
Rotameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29<br />
Rodent Shocker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30<br />
Analgesia<br />
Locomotor Activity and Exploration Selection Guide10 – 14<br />
Sensorimotor and Coordination Selection Guide .18 – 21<br />
Analgesia Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 – 34<br />
Locomotor Activity and Exploration Selection Guide . . .<br />
Tail Flick Analgesia Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 – 36<br />
Hot and Hot/Cold Plate Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 - 39<br />
Thermal Place Preference/Gradient Tests . . . . . .40 – 41<br />
Electronic Von Frey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42<br />
Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43<br />
Plantar Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 – 46<br />
Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47<br />
Plethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume . . . .48 – 49<br />
Dynamic Weight Bearing Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50<br />
Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) . . . . . . . . . .52<br />
Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) . . . . . . . . . .52<br />
SMART Video-<br />
Tracking System
Oxylet System for Respiratory Metabolism<br />
Products (continued)<br />
Memory & Attention<br />
Page No.<br />
Learning and Memory Selection Guide . . . . . . . . .53 – 60<br />
Attention Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 – 62<br />
Shuttle Boxes for Active/Passive Avoidance . . . .63 – 64<br />
ShutAvoid Software for<br />
Active & Passive Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 – 66<br />
Circular Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 – 68<br />
Radial Maze & Mazesoft-8 Software . . . . . . . . . . .69 – 70<br />
Startle and Fear System & Software . . . . . . . . . . .71 – 74<br />
Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning . .75 – 76<br />
PackWin Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 – 78<br />
5/9 Holes for Attention Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79<br />
Passive Avoidance Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 – 81<br />
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Anxiety Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 – 85<br />
Depression Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 – 87<br />
Elevated Plus Maze & MAZESOFT-4 Software . . .88 – 89<br />
Open Field & Black and White Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90<br />
Aron Test for Screen Anxiolytic Substances . . . . . . . .91<br />
Black and White Test for Evaluating Anxiety . . . . . . . .92<br />
Vogel Test for Screening Anxiolytic Effects of Drugs .93<br />
Tail Suspension Test for<br />
Screening Antidepressant Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94<br />
Addiction & Reward<br />
Reward & Addiction Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . .95 - 97<br />
Place Preference Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98<br />
Spatial Place Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99<br />
PPCWIN Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100<br />
Self-Administration Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101<br />
ActiTrack Software IR Actimeter-<br />
Related Tracking Anxiety -<br />
Locomation & Exploration<br />
Small Animal Treadmill<br />
Metabolism<br />
Food and Drink/Metabolism Selection Guide . .102 – 104<br />
Oxylet System for Respiratory Metabolism . . . .105 – 107<br />
Metabolism Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108<br />
PheComp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 – 110<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
3
Do you have a technical question?<br />
Our staff of scientists<br />
have the answers<br />
you need!<br />
In addition to our high quality research products, Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> is proud to offer<br />
unparalleled technical sales for both pre- and post-sales. Our technical staff scientists are<br />
happy to help answer any questions you may have or assist with system configurations.<br />
Contact us or visit our websites for access to:<br />
Research articles<br />
Product Specifications<br />
Working Procedures<br />
Demonstration Videos<br />
Instruction Manuals<br />
Application Sheets<br />
www.harvardapparatus.com or www.panlab.com<br />
4<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
selection guide<br />
Research Area Experimental Test Hardware Software<br />
Video Tracking Video-Tracking Studies Frame Grabber Board SMART<br />
Camera<br />
SMART and Smart JUNIOR<br />
Activity & Exploration Locomotor Activity/Rearing IR Actimeter SeDaCom or ActiTrack<br />
Open Field Test Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Calorimetry, Food & Drink, Oxylet Metabolism<br />
Activity & Rearing<br />
Hole-Board Test IR Actimeter SeDaCom or ActiTrack<br />
Response to Novelty Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Voluntary Exercise Rodent Activity Wheel Multicounter or SeDaCom<br />
Sensory Motor Coordination and Equilibrium Test Rota Rod SeDaCom<br />
Rotation After Lesioning Rotameter SeDaCom<br />
Grip Strength Grip Strength Meter SeDaCom<br />
Exercise Training Treadmill SeDaCom<br />
Startle Response Startle and Freezing Combined System Startle Software<br />
Analgesia & Pain Tail Flick Test Tail Flick Meter SeDaCom<br />
Hot Plate Test Hot Plate Meter SeDaCom<br />
Hot/Cold Plate Test Hot/Cold Plate Test Meter SeDaCom<br />
Randall Selitto Test Rat Paw Pressure SeDaCom<br />
Inflammation Plethysmometer SeDaCom<br />
Incapacitance Test Incapacitance Test Meter SeDaCom<br />
Von Frey Test Electronic VonFrey SeDaCom<br />
Learning & Memory Passive Avoidance Test Passive Box Programmer or ShutAvoid<br />
Active Avoidance Test Shuttle Box Programmer or ShutAvoid<br />
Aron Test<br />
Aron Box<br />
Morris Water Maze Circular Pool SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Radial Maze Test Radial Maze Mazesoft-8 or SMART<br />
T-Maze Test T-Maze SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Object Recognition Test Open Field Chamber SMART<br />
Odor Recognition Test<br />
SMART<br />
Fear Conditioning Test Startle and Freezing Combined System Freezing Software<br />
Fear Potentiated Startle Reflex Test Startle and Freezing Combined System Startle Software<br />
Operant Procedures Modular Operant Box PACKWIN<br />
5/9 Hole Test 5/9 Hole Box PACKWIN<br />
Attention Prepulse Inhibition Startle and Freezing Startle Software<br />
of Startle Reflex<br />
Combined System<br />
5/9 Hole Test 5/9 Hole Box PACKWIN<br />
Operant Procedures Modular Operant Box PACKWIN<br />
Anxiety Open Field Test Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Locomotor Activity/Rearing IR Actimeter ActiTrack<br />
Elevated Plus Maze Test Elevated Plus Maze SMART or Smart JUNIOR<br />
Black and White Box Test Black and White Box PPCWIN or SMART<br />
Vogel Test Vogel Test PACKWIN<br />
Geller-Seifter Test Modular Operant Box PACKWIN<br />
Depression Forced Swimming Test Cylinder SMART<br />
Tail Suspension Test<br />
Tail Suspension Test System<br />
Addiction & Reward Place Preference Test Place Preference Box PPCWIN<br />
Spatial Place Preference<br />
PPCWIN or SMART<br />
Self-Administration Self-Administration Box PACKWIN<br />
Social Behavior Social Interaction Open Field Chamber SMART with Social Interaction Module<br />
Metabolism Respiratory Metabolism Oxylet Metabolism and Meta-Oxy Module<br />
Food & Drink Intake FooDrink Metabolism and Meta-Int Module<br />
PheComp<br />
Compulse<br />
Compulsive Behavior PheComp Compulse
Video Tracking<br />
SMART Video-Tracking System for Automated Recording<br />
of Animal Behavior<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Flexible and precise analysis of animal behavior<br />
➤ Optimized tracking in low contrast conditions<br />
➤ Automated detection of head, center mass and base-tail<br />
with Triwise technology option<br />
➤ Highly user-friendly<br />
➤ Digital video file analysis capabilities<br />
➤ Entirely configurable data report<br />
➤ Zone-dependent camera settings<br />
➤ Day/night cycle control system<br />
➤ Immobility detection for forced-swimming test and freezing<br />
➤ User defined criteria for zone entry with Triwise<br />
technology option<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Animal trajectory (distance, speed, permanence time in<br />
zone etc.)<br />
➤ Specific parameters for Morris Water Maze (latency to target,<br />
time near walls, Wishaw’s error, permanence time in<br />
quadrants, directionality etc.)<br />
➤ Social interaction (contacts, relative movements etc.)<br />
➤ Immobility periods<br />
➤ Global activity<br />
➤ Rearing (input/output or Triwise option)<br />
➤ Events visualized by the experimenter (using event recorder)<br />
➤ Clockwise and counter clockwise rotations (Triwise option)<br />
SMART is a complete and user-friendly video-tracking system for<br />
evaluating behavior in experimental animals. It allows the recording of<br />
activity, trajectories, events, social behavior interactions and performs<br />
the calculations of a wide range of analysis parameters. The system<br />
offers flexible and easy to learn interface for setting up a wide variety<br />
of behavioral tests: Water Maze, Open Field, Plus/Radial Arm Mazes,<br />
and Place Preference tests in addition to other user-designed<br />
applications.<br />
SMART works with animals located in up to 16 separate enclosures<br />
providing both quantitative and qualitative analysis of each animal’s<br />
path. Each animal enclosure can be divided into different zone of<br />
interest using the specific tools provided by SMART. Up to 31 different<br />
zones (and one Exclusion Zone) can be easily drawn with different<br />
name and characteristics (Standard, Target, Arm or Hidden). A special<br />
tool for Water Maze is included.<br />
Animal trajectories are acquired from real time TV images or<br />
videotaped records and stored, enabling you to analyze and reanalyze<br />
experiments with different zone configurations and parameters.<br />
TRACKING allows not only data acquisition of the spatial position of the<br />
animal but also the automatic detection of a range of specific behaviors.<br />
Manually scored behaviors (e.g. grooming) can be calculated for any<br />
zone or independent variable. The parameters evaluated are presented<br />
in reports entirely configurable by the user. The report coverage can be<br />
the full track or it can be split into different intervals of time. Results can<br />
be directly and automatically exported to Excel ® .<br />
SMART can elaborate a graphic representation/image of the tracks<br />
studied. This option is of great interest to illustrate data in publications<br />
and for conferences.<br />
An adapted version of SMART, SMART-DT, is provided for free to check<br />
data, generate statistics, print out results and obtain graphics. SMART-<br />
DT can be installed in as many computers as may be required.<br />
The SMART system can be expanded for using the Triwise technology<br />
for the automated detection of the head, center-mass and base-tail<br />
allowing then a more detailed evaluation of some specific behavioral<br />
items — rearing, rotations, object exploration, entries into zones,<br />
contacts and more.<br />
6<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Video Tracking<br />
SMART Video-Tracking System for Automated Recording<br />
of Animal Behavior (continued)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ CD and USB protection key<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
➤ 2 year warranty on hardware<br />
Options<br />
➤ A wide range of cameras and accessories are available,<br />
please contact our technical support staff for details<br />
➤ Material for camera fixation (upon request)<br />
➤ DVD reader/writer<br />
➤ Telemetric switch (remote start/stop switch)<br />
➤ Frame grabber board (PC interface board)<br />
➤ PC station<br />
➤ Multiplexers, digital switches, digital recorder are available<br />
upon request<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Open Field Box, see page 90<br />
➤ Circular Pool, see pages 67 – 68<br />
➤ Radial Maze, see page 69<br />
➤ Elevated Plus Maze, see page 88<br />
➤ Black & White Box, see page 92<br />
➤ Spatial Place Preference Box, see page 99<br />
➤ Many other possibilities!<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not<br />
supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit bus<br />
master expansion slot available and 1 free USB<br />
port. VIA chipset not recommended<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
System Requirements Windows ® 98, 2000, XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
Sources<br />
Order # Model<br />
Video camera, video tape, DVD player<br />
or digital video files<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART-BS SMART Video-Tracking System, V 2.5 Single<br />
Subject Tracking, Needs FRBOARD<br />
BH2 76-0501 FRBOARD2 Frame Grabber Board (PC Interface Board)<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0265 SMART-MA Multiple Arenas Extension<br />
(One Animal Per Arena in up to 16 Arenas)<br />
BH2 76-0266 SMART-SS Social Behavior Extension<br />
(Up to 16 Animals in a Single Arena)<br />
BH2 76-0327 SMART TW Triwise Module for Detection of Head,<br />
Center Mass, and Base-Tail<br />
BH2 76-0267 SMART I/O 8C Smart System Extension, Control Box for 8<br />
Inputs and 8 Outputs<br />
BH2 76-0268 SMART I/O 32C Smart System Extension, Control Box for 32<br />
Inputs and 32 Outputs<br />
BH2 76-0269 SMART UPG2.5 Upgrade from previous versions to V 2.5<br />
BH2 76-0270 SMART TS Telemetric Switch (Remote Start/Stop Switch)<br />
NOTE<br />
We offer a full line of mazes.<br />
Haploinsufficient for the Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinase-1A (Dyrk1A). PLoS ONE 3(7):<br />
e2575. (water maze, mouse Spain)<br />
Das SR et al. (2008) Relationship between mRNA expression of splice forms of the _1 subunit of the<br />
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and spatial memory in aged mice. Brain Research. 1207:142-154.<br />
(working memory task, mouse, USA)<br />
Citations<br />
Folven KI et al. (2009) Does selenium modify neurobehavioural impacts of developmental<br />
methylmercury exposure in mice? Environmental Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28(1):111-119. (motor<br />
function, mouse, Norway, New Zeland)<br />
Griesbach GS et al. (2009) Controlled contusion injury alters molecular systems associated with<br />
cognitive performance. J. Neurosci. Res. 87(3):795-805. (water maze, rat, USA)<br />
Handattu SP et al. (2009) Oral apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide improves cognitive function and<br />
reduces amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobioly of Disease, 34(3):525-<br />
534. (water maze, mouse, USA)<br />
Harada N et al. (2009) Functional analysis of neurosteroidal oestrogen using gene-disrupted and<br />
transgenic mice. J. Neuroendocrinol. 21(4):365-369. (parallelism index, mouse, Japan)<br />
Hazane F et al. (2009) Behavioral Perturbations After Prenatal Neurogenesis Disturbance in Female<br />
Rat. Neurotoxicity Res. 15(4):1476-3524. (Locomotor activity, rat, France)<br />
Lee YK et al. (2009) Protective effect of the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis and 4-Omethylhonokiol<br />
on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and the inhibition of<br />
acetylcholinesterase activity. J. Nat. Med. 63(3):274-282. (water maze, mouse, Korea)<br />
Malone DT et al. (2009) Cannabidiol reverses the reduction in social interaction produced by low<br />
dose delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 93(2):91-96. (open-field, rat, Australia)<br />
Singer HS et al. (2009) Prenatal exposure to antibodies from mothers of children with autism produces<br />
neurobehavioral alterations: A pregnant dam mouse model. (elevated-plus maze, mouse, USA)<br />
Arqué G et al. (2008) Impaired Spatial Learning Strategies and Novel Object Recognition in Mice<br />
Fan LW et al. (2008) Alfa-Phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone ameliorates hippocampal injury and improves<br />
learning and memory in juvenile rats following neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide Eur. J.<br />
Neurosci. 27(6): 1475-1484. (open-field, plus-maze, rat, Taiwan)<br />
Feiyong Jia et al. (2008) Blocking Histamine H1 improves learning and mnemonic dysfunction in mice<br />
with social isolation plus repeated methamphetamine injection. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 107: 167-174.<br />
(water maze, mouse, Japan)<br />
Hook VYH et al. (2008) Inhibitors of cathepsin B improve memory and reduce beta-amyloid in<br />
transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice expressing the wild-type, but not the Swedish mutant,<br />
beta-secretase APP site. J Biochem. Chem. 283(12):7745-53. (water maze, mouse, USA)<br />
McClean J et al. (2008) 17_-Estradiol is neuroprotective in male and female rats in a model of early<br />
brain injury. Experimental Neurology. 210(1), 41-50. (water maze, rat, USA)<br />
Rothstein S et al. (2008) Response to neonatal anesthesia: Effect of sex on anatomical and<br />
behavioral outcome. Neuroscience. 152(4):959-969. (rat, USA)<br />
Pastor R et al. (2008) Ethanol injected into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus induces behavioral<br />
stimulation in rats: an effect prevented by catalase inhibition and naltrexone. Behavioural<br />
Pharmacology. 19(7):698-705. (locomotor activity, rat, Spain)<br />
Ruiz-Medina J et al. (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a spatial learning and memory task<br />
in the Morris water maze. Neuroscience. 154(2): 424-430. (water maze, rat, Spain)<br />
Stone EA et al. (2008) An anti-immobility effect of exogenous corticosterone in mice. European<br />
Journal of Pharmacology. 580(1-2):135-142. (open-field, Mouse, USA)<br />
Younbyoung C et al. (2008) Effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine<br />
withdrawal and relevant mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters. 430(2): 98-102. (locomotor activity, rat,<br />
Republic of Korea)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
7
Video Tracking<br />
Smart Junior<br />
Right to the Point Video-Tracking<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Simplest video-tracking system available,<br />
nine steps and you’re done!<br />
➤ Ready-to-use configurations provide concrete<br />
meaningful data<br />
DESIGNED FOR:<br />
Water Maze Experiment<br />
➤ Latency to reach the platform and times platform is crossed<br />
➤ Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number<br />
of entries (and %) into zones (platform, pool, quadrants,<br />
border and total)<br />
➤ Movement pattern and manually scored events<br />
Open Field Experiment<br />
➤ Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number of<br />
entries (and %) into zones (center, periphery and border)<br />
➤ Movement pattern and manually scored events<br />
Plus Maze Experiment<br />
➤ Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number of<br />
entries (and %) center, open arms and closed arms<br />
➤ Movement pattern and manually scored events<br />
T/Y Maze<br />
➤ Alternations (number, %, max), first arm choice,<br />
latency first choice<br />
➤ Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number<br />
of entries (and %) into correct/incorrect arms, left/right<br />
arms or A/B/C arms<br />
➤ Movement pattern and manually scored events<br />
Place Preference<br />
➤ Permanence time (absolute and relative), distance traveled,<br />
speed and number of entries (and %) into compartment<br />
associated to drug/placebo and corridor<br />
➤ Movement pattern and manually scored events<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
Options<br />
➤ Telemetric switch (remote start/stop switch)<br />
➤ WebCam or other cameras<br />
➤ PC station or laptop (upon request)<br />
NEW Smart JUNIOR MA Extension!<br />
With the NEW MA (Multiple Arenas) extension to Smart JUNIOR,<br />
users are able to work with an amazing number of subjects (over<br />
a 100!) for maximum efficiency. Create arenas and related zones in<br />
less than 10 clicks!. Allows independent or synchronized (all arenas or<br />
only selected arenas) start/stop of tracking process. The ONLY system<br />
available that features different lighting/contrast and timing control<br />
settings for each arena!<br />
Smart JUNIOR<br />
Smart JUNIOR is an economical video-tracking system specially<br />
intended for laboratories with very precise interests and needing<br />
concise meaningful reports.<br />
With a more competitive price, the Smart JUNIOR software fulfills all the<br />
basic functions of a classic video-tracking system. Ready-to-use<br />
configurations, run panel and data reports are directly targeted to specific<br />
standard experiments. An innovative scheduler tool allows managing the<br />
subjects and trials in different phases and sessions for an easy retrieval<br />
and organization of the final data. Succinct graphs provide a direct<br />
visualization of the results obtained in the different experimental groups.<br />
Smart JUNIOR takes advantage of the latest technologies in terms of<br />
image processing for providing accurate data in the context of<br />
behavioral research. The software platform is expandable: new readyto-use<br />
protocol configurations can be easily plugged-in for widening<br />
the scope of the system.<br />
Smart JUNIOR represents the finest solution for completing molecular<br />
and cellular studies by standard behavioral analysis. It is also a perfect<br />
alternative for labs just beginning behavior studies.<br />
8<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Video Tracking<br />
Smart Junior<br />
Right to the Point Video-Tracking (continued)<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Circular Pool, see pages 67 – 68<br />
➤ Elevated Plus Maze, see page 88<br />
➤ Open Field Box, see page 90<br />
➤ Place Preference, see page 98<br />
➤ Y or T Maze, by request<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not<br />
supported), 2 Gb of RAM<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
System Requirements Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
Images Sources<br />
Order # Model<br />
Webcam, digital video, firewire/USB digital<br />
camera; in general, any device compatible with<br />
Windows ® Image Acquisition (WIA)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0029 SMART JUNIOR Smart Junior Platform<br />
(Needs Experiment Modules)<br />
BH2 76-0255 SJWM Water Maze Experiment Module<br />
BH2 76-0256 SJPM Plus-Maze Experiment Module<br />
BH2 76-0257 SJOF Open-Field Experiment Module<br />
BH2 76-0416 SJTY T-Y Maze Experiment Module<br />
BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Experiment Module<br />
BH2 76-0508 SJMA Multiple Arenas Module<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0270 Smart Remote Telemetric Switch<br />
BH2 76-0260 CAMWEB Logitech Quickcam Express 5000 640x480<br />
30FPS w/Cable USB 1.8 m<br />
BH2 76-0261 CAMWEB2 High Resolution WebCam Creative WebCam<br />
NX Ultra 640 x 480 w/Cable USB 1.8 m<br />
FAQ’s<br />
1. When my trial version expires, what should I do to acquire<br />
a license?<br />
Just follow the instructions indicated by the Activation Assistant of the<br />
Smart JUNIOR and you will get your registered copy within minutes!<br />
2. Once I buy the system, will I have to pay anything else such as<br />
annual license or technical/scientific support?<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> includes all related expenses in its price.<br />
Technical and scientific support is always available for our team.<br />
3. Now there are only 5 Experimental Modules but, do you plan to<br />
add new ones? If so, which ones?<br />
As long as there are standard experiments with highly standardized<br />
parameters to look at, we will not stop widening JUNIOR’S scope.<br />
4. If at a later stage I become interested in a highly sophisticated<br />
video tracking system such as your renowned Smart,<br />
will I have to pay for a brand new system?<br />
At Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> we make this transition simple for our<br />
customers! What is more, we offer a highly affordable transfer fee<br />
for customers wishing to move from Smart JUNIOR to SMART!<br />
Contact our technical support staff for more information.<br />
BH2 76-0262 CONVANAUSB Video Converter (Analog/Digital)<br />
Citation<br />
Camarasa J et al. (2008) Memantine prevents the cognitive impairment induced by 3,4-<br />
methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 589(1-3):132-9 (open-field, water maze,<br />
rats, Spain<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
9
Locomotor Activity<br />
& Exploration<br />
Guide<br />
Locomotor activity refers to the movement from<br />
one location to another. In rodents, one of the<br />
most important components of exploration, a<br />
prominent activity of the animal’s repertoire of<br />
spontaneous activity, is locomotion. Moreover,<br />
locomotor activity and exploration are involved in<br />
many behavioral and physiological functions and<br />
are influenced by many external factors, such as<br />
environmental conditions (light, temperature, noise)<br />
and novelty, and internal factors, such as circadian<br />
rhythm, food- or drink-deprivation, prior handling<br />
by the researcher, age, gender, strain, and many<br />
other factors.<br />
Development of behavioral measurements of<br />
locomotor activity and exploration was in part<br />
relevant in various rodent models as an initial<br />
screen for pharmacological effects predictive of<br />
therapeutic drug efficacy in humans. Indeed,<br />
locomotor and exploration are mediated by<br />
neurotransmitters affected by many types of drugs,<br />
such as neuroleptic, benzodiazepines, opiates and<br />
psychostimulants, and consequently are changed<br />
in response to the administration of these drugs.<br />
Moreover, alterations of locomotor activity and<br />
exploration can have important consequences for<br />
paradigms that aim to study more specific<br />
processes, such as learning, memory, reward,<br />
anxiety and others. Thus, it is imperative to verify if<br />
a difference in drug, lesion, strain or genetic<br />
manipulation influences general motor activity.<br />
Furthermore, locomotor abnormalities are<br />
associated with several human diseases such as<br />
Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease or<br />
hyperactivity syndrome and are therefore<br />
displayed by animal models.<br />
10
Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Circadian Locomotor Activity<br />
Rodents typically display circadian rhythmic<br />
variations (defined as a 24-hour rhythm) in<br />
behavior and physiology. Circadian global<br />
activity is directly assessed in the animal home<br />
cage through long periods (>24 hours). The<br />
activity parameters (locomotion, exploration,<br />
stereotypies) are generally evaluated using<br />
automated procedures (ex: photocell beams,<br />
video tracking systems, or weight transducers).<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
No need for habitation; not stressful, familiar<br />
environment for the subject<br />
Long-term observation of activity (circadian rhythm)<br />
Easy to perform tests<br />
No animal handling needed<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Open Field Test for Basal<br />
Global Activity<br />
Basal locomotor activity is generally assessed<br />
in a specific activity arena (can be an open field<br />
or other) for short or intermittent periods (
Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Activity Wheel<br />
The Rodent Activity Wheel represents a very<br />
simple and clever way to register animal<br />
physical activity in its home cage environment.<br />
The use of this high throughput tool is<br />
particularly relevant for research involving<br />
circadian rhythms, Phenotyping and drug<br />
testing. Typically, the time and distance run on a<br />
voluntary running wheel are monitored over<br />
several days or weeks to determine whether a<br />
particular substance or experimental<br />
manipulation has an effect on exercise behavior.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Rodent voluntary exercise registering; allows<br />
animals to exercise when and at the intensity that<br />
they choose<br />
Availability of a running wheel may reduce the<br />
effects of chronic stress on depression-like signs<br />
in mice<br />
Less labor intensive than treadmill running as<br />
researchers need not to be present during wheel<br />
running<br />
Relatively inexpensive setup<br />
Ideal for high throughput experiments; many animals<br />
can be trained at the same time<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Intensity and duration of the exercise cannot be<br />
controlled<br />
Certain lines of transgenic mice may not engage in<br />
enough voluntary wheel running exercise to produce<br />
training adaptations<br />
Not suitable for studies that require precise timing to<br />
explore acute post exercise adaptations (intermittent<br />
running throughout the active cycle)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Locomotor Response to Novelty<br />
Locomotor response to novelty is an index of<br />
animal exploration/anxiety that has been<br />
shown to represent a predictive factor for the<br />
addictive properties of a drug. In an animal<br />
model for vulnerability to drug abuse, animals<br />
that exhibit greater motor activity in a novel<br />
environment (high responders; HR) are found<br />
more sensitive to drugs of abuse and are more<br />
likely to self-administer these drugs compared<br />
to less reactive animals (low responders, LR).<br />
In the light of clinical evidence on comorbiity<br />
between drug abuse and mood disorders, this<br />
model is widely used to investigate whether<br />
individual differences in locomotor reactivity to<br />
novelty are related to anxiety and depressionlike<br />
responsiveness in rodents.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Explore novelty-seeking behaviors<br />
➤ Free exploration paradigm<br />
➤ Test maximizing avoidance/anxiety related behavior<br />
respect to approach/exploratory behavior<br />
➤ Only one exposure (no habituation) and quickly<br />
performed<br />
➤ Easy to run<br />
➤ Sensitive for mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Anxiogenic conditions<br />
(novel environment with no possibility of escape)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Addiction<br />
Anxiety Disorders<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Neuromuscular Disease<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Muscular Dystrophy<br />
12<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Emergence Test<br />
The Emergence Test is a free exploration<br />
paradigm designed to reduce anxiety by<br />
providing a safe enclosure within the open field<br />
in order to assess approach or exploratory<br />
behavior in rodents.<br />
Briefly, the open field contained a white plastic<br />
cylinder with an open end centrally located. The<br />
subjects are placed into the cylinder and tested<br />
for 10 to 15 minutes. The parameters commonly<br />
evaluated in this task are the latency of<br />
emergence from the cylinder, the total time spent<br />
inside the cylinder, the time spent exploring the<br />
cylinder and general locomotor activity.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Free exploration paradigm in reduced<br />
anxiogenic environment<br />
Easy to run<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Novel Object Test<br />
The Novel Object Test is a free exploration<br />
paradigm that provides animals the<br />
opportunity to explore a novel object in a<br />
familiar environmental context. Briefly, an<br />
object is placed into the center of each open<br />
field and the behavior of the animal (time spent<br />
exploring the novel object and overall<br />
locomotor activity) is registered during a<br />
determined period of time.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Free exploration paradigm in a familiar environment<br />
➤ Test maximizing approach/exploratory behavior<br />
respect to avoidance/anxiety-related behavior<br />
➤ Easy to run, even for inexperienced users<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
13
Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Hole Board Test<br />
The Hole Board Test is a specific test for<br />
evaluating exploration in rodents. In this test,<br />
the animal is placed on an arena with regularly<br />
arranged holes on the floor. Both frequency<br />
and duration of spontaneous elicited holepoking<br />
exploratory behavior are then measured<br />
manually or using automated procedures<br />
(photocell beams, video tracking system)<br />
during a short period of time. Other associated<br />
behaviors can also be evaluated, such as<br />
grooming, rearing and locomotion.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Allows differentiation between “inquisitive” and<br />
“inspective” exploration<br />
Very sensitive to drug effects<br />
Can be completely automated<br />
Easy to use, even for inexperienced users<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Treadmill<br />
The Treadmill Test in rodents is a useful tool with<br />
a great value in the study of functional capacity<br />
and is a validated standard model for<br />
investigations in the field of human metabolism.<br />
A subject is forced to walk/run on a treadmill<br />
(adjustable speed and inclination) during specific<br />
periods of time. This test allows the study of<br />
various physiological and behavioral functions<br />
such as long and short-term effort during<br />
exercise, locomotion, metabolic exchanges,<br />
cardiac function, motor coordination and fatigue.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Adapted from a human test<br />
➤ Allows the researcher to precisely control the level<br />
of exertion<br />
➤ Easy to use, even for inexperienced users<br />
➤ Sensitive for mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Needs repetitive daily exposure during few weeks<br />
➤ Requires constant vigilance by the researcher to<br />
make sure that the animals run for the entire<br />
exercise bout<br />
➤ Use of aversive stimuli to encourage running<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Improvement of sportive human performances<br />
Oxidative Stress<br />
Diabetes<br />
Parkinsons’s Disease<br />
Ischemia<br />
Ostopenia/Osteoporosis<br />
14<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Locomotor Activity & Exploration<br />
IR Actimeter<br />
ActiTrack Tracking Software<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Interchangeable frames can be used without distinction for<br />
rearing activity or poking modes<br />
➤ Can be used without any computer (independent control units)<br />
➤ Dedicated PC optional, not required<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Fast/Slow activity; i.e. movements with displacement<br />
(control unit)<br />
➤ Fast/Slow stereotypies; i.e. movements without displacement<br />
(control unit)<br />
➤ Fast/Slow rearings (control unit)<br />
➤ Fast/Slow nose-spoke (control unit)<br />
➤ Analysis of animal tracking: distance covered, speed,<br />
rearings, permanence time in selected zones, etc. (ActiTrack)<br />
➤ Intervals of inactivity (ActiTrack)<br />
➤ Time in zone (ActiTrack)<br />
➤ Distance travelled (ActiTrack)<br />
➤ Rearing behavior events and duration (ActiTrack)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ IR unit and control unit with RS-232 communications port<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty on hardware<br />
Options<br />
➤ ActiTrack software, see page 17<br />
➤ Arena dividers<br />
➤ Hole poke board<br />
➤ Transparent acrylic arena<br />
IR Actimeter<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Infrared (IR) Actimeter allows the study<br />
of spontaneous locomotor activity, rearing and optional hole-board test<br />
parameters for exploration in rodents. A reliable system for easy and<br />
rapid drug screening and phenotype characterization in both day and<br />
night lighting conditions.<br />
The system is composed of a two dimensional (X and Y axes) square<br />
frame, a frame support and a control unit. Each frame counts with 16 x<br />
16 infrared beams for optimal subject detection.<br />
The system is completely modular: each frame may be used for<br />
evaluation of general activity (one or more animals), locomotor,<br />
stereotypic movements, rearings or exploration (nose-spoke detection<br />
in the hole-board option). The infrared photocell system can be set<br />
with up to 15 levels of sensitivity in order to adapt the frames to the<br />
typology of the animal (rats, mice). It can also be set to ignore the<br />
beams that are obstructed by objects (e.g. the walls/corners of the<br />
home cage).<br />
The frames can be controlled by independent control units or directly<br />
through SeDaCom computer software, which allows easy exportation<br />
of data (through RS-232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel .<br />
Optionally, the ActiTrack software option may be used to analyze<br />
animal trajectories (distance, speed, permanence time in selected<br />
zones) and then provide additional complementary data to those<br />
obtained using the control units.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
15
Locomotor Activity & Exploration<br />
IR Actimeter (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
System Dimensions:<br />
LE 8811<br />
LE 8812<br />
Number of InfraRed<br />
Beams Per Frame<br />
InfraRed Photocells Spacing:<br />
LE 8815<br />
LE 8816<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Certifications<br />
450 (W) x 450 (D) x 200 (H) mm<br />
220 (W) x 220 (D) x 200 (H) mm<br />
32 (16 per axis)<br />
25mm<br />
13mm<br />
Aluminum, polypropylene<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP<br />
& Vista 32) (if SeDaCom is to be Used)<br />
32 InfraRed Frames per computer<br />
(either SeDaCom or ActiTrack)<br />
110/220 V, 50/60 Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Citations<br />
Canini F et al. (2009) Metyrapone decreases locomotion acutely. Neurosci. Letters. 457(1): 41-44.<br />
(locomotion, rat, France)<br />
Chetrit J et al. (2009) Involvement of Basal Ganglia Network in Motor Disabilities Induced by Typical<br />
Antipsychotics. PLoS One. 4(7):e6208. (Open-field with Actitrack, rat, France).<br />
Lamberty Y et al. (2009) Behavioural phenotyping reveals anxiety-like features of SV2A deficient mice.<br />
Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):329-333. (mouse, Belgium)<br />
Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison among<br />
heterogeneous rats and the Roman rat Straits. Behavioural Brain Research, 202: 92-101.<br />
(Spontaneous activity, rats, Spain, UK, Switzerland)<br />
Tsuchida R et al. (2009) An Antihyperkinetic Action by the Serotonin 1A–Receptor Agonist<br />
Osemozotan Co-administered With Psychostimulants or the Non-stimulant Atomoxetine in Mice. J.<br />
Pharmacological Sci. 109(3):396-402. (locomotion, mouse, Japan)<br />
Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDA<br />
Receptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase<br />
Signaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)<br />
Lalonde R and Strazielle (2008) Exploratory activity and motor coordination in old versus middle-aged<br />
C57BL/6J mice. Arch. Gerontol. Geriat. Article in Press (Locomotor activity, mouse, Canada)<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0121 LE8811 Double IR System, Rats & Mice (Includes<br />
LE8825, LE8817, 2 Units LE8815 and SeDaCom)<br />
BH2 76-0122 LE8810 Double IR Activity System, Mice (Includes<br />
LE8825, LE8818, 2 Units LE8816 and SeDaCom)<br />
BH2 76-0123 LE8812 Single IR Activity System, Rats (Includes LE8825,<br />
LE8817, LE8815 and SeDaCom Software)<br />
BH2 76-0124 LE8809 Single IR Activity System, Mice (Includes<br />
LE8825, LE8818, LE8816 and SeDaCom Software)<br />
BH2 76-0125 LE8821 Arena Divider for LE 8815<br />
(Allows Monitoring of 2 Animals at Once)<br />
BH2 76-0126 LE8823 Arena Divider for LE 8816<br />
(Allows Monitoring of 2 Animals at Once)<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0003 ACTITRACK Enhanced Tracking Software for up to 32 Frames<br />
BH2 76-0127 LE8815 IR FRAME, 450 x 450 mm, 16 x 16 IR Beams<br />
BH2 76-0128 LE8816 IR FRAME, 250 x 250 mm, 16 x 16 IR Beams<br />
BH2 76-0129 LE8814 Transparent Arena 440 x 440 mm (Open Field)<br />
BH2 76-0130 LE8813 Transparent Arena 210 x 210 mm (Open Field)<br />
BH2 76-0131 LE8817 Support for LE 8815 Frames<br />
BH2 76-0132 LE8818 Support for LE 8816 Frames<br />
BH2 76-0133 LE8820 Hole Poke Base for LE 8815 Frame<br />
BH2 76-0134 LE8825 Data Logger (up to 200 Hours Memory)<br />
and PC Interface<br />
Lalonde R and Strazielle (2008) Relations between open-field, elevated plus-maze, and emergence<br />
tests as displayed by C57/BL6J and BALB/c mice. J: Neurosci. Meth. 171(1):48-52 (Locomotor activity,<br />
mouse, Canada)<br />
Lalonde R et al. (2008) Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination,<br />
and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Brain Res. 1188:122-131 (open field, mouse, Canada)<br />
Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDA<br />
Receptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase<br />
Signaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)<br />
Rubio M (2008) CB1 receptor blockade reduces the anxiogenic-like response and ameliorates the<br />
neurochemical imbalances associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology. 54(6):976-<br />
988. (rat, Spain, USA)<br />
Belujon P et al (2007) Noradrenergic Modulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Activity: Behavioral and<br />
Electrophysiological Evidence in Intact and 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats. J Neurosci.<br />
27(36):9595-9606. (Parkison rats, France)<br />
Sonnier L et al. (2007) Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult mice<br />
heterozygote for Engrailed1. J Neurosci. 27(5): 1063-1071. (mouse, France)<br />
16<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Locomotor Activity & Exploration<br />
ActiTrack Software for IR Actimeter<br />
Key Features<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
➤ Control up to 32 frames<br />
➤ Provides spatial position, pattern of displacement and<br />
rearings<br />
➤ User-adjustable thresholds for classifying activity into fast,<br />
slow and resting movements<br />
➤ Allows track re-analysis with an unlimited number of<br />
user-defined zones<br />
➤ Enables re-playing experiment using different threshold<br />
for movement speed definition<br />
➤ Can be installed in as many computers as may be required<br />
for track analysis<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Traveled distance (and % ) into user-defined zones<br />
➤ Maximum, minimum and mean speed<br />
➤ Time (and %) moving fast, slow and resting<br />
➤ Permanence time (and %) into user-defined zones<br />
➤ Number of entrances into user-defined zones<br />
➤ Number and mean duration of rearings<br />
➤ Number of clockwise and counter-clockwise turns<br />
➤ Track history analysis<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD with USB protection key<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
(excluding UPGRADES)<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
System Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
2.2 GHz Processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
excluded), 2 Gb of RAM<br />
Windows ® XP compatible operating system<br />
(SP2 or higher), Vista 32<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0003 ActiTrack Tracking Software for up to 32 IR Frames<br />
Citations<br />
Chetrit J et al. (2009) Involvement of Basal Ganglia Network in Motor Disabilities Induced by Typical<br />
Antipsychotics. PLoS One. 4(7):e6208. (Open-field with Actitrack, rat, France).<br />
Lamberty Y et al. (2009) Behavioural phenotyping reveals anxiety-like features of SV2A<br />
deficient mice. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):329-333. (mouse, Belgium)<br />
Tsuchida R et al. (2009) An Antihyperkinetic Action by the Serotonin 1A–Receptor Agonist<br />
Osemozotan Co-administered With Psychostimulants or the Non-stimulant Atomoxetine in Mice. J.<br />
Pharmacological Sci. 109(3):396-402. (locomotion, mouse, Japan)<br />
Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDA<br />
Receptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase<br />
Signaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)<br />
Rubio M (2008) CB1 receptor blockade reduces the anxiogenic-like response and ameliorates the<br />
neurochemical imbalances associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology. 54(6):976-<br />
988 (rat, Spain, USA)<br />
Reiss D et al (2007) Effects of social crowding on emotionality and expression of hippocampal<br />
nociceptin/orphanin FQ system transcripts in mice. Behav. Brain Res. 184(2):167-173 (mouse, France)<br />
Sonnier L et al. (2007) Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult mice<br />
heterozygote for Engrailed1. J Neurosci. 27(5): 1063-1071. (mouse, France)<br />
Kucerova J et al. (2006) Gender differences in cannabinoid and ecstasy interacting effects in mice.<br />
Homeostasis in health and diseases. 2006(1-2): 95-96. (mouse, Czech Republic)<br />
Menendez J et al. (2006) Suppression of Parkin enhances nigrostriatal and motor neuron<br />
lesion in mice over-expressing human-mutated tau protein. Human Molecular Genetics. 15(13): 2045-<br />
2058. (mouse, Spain)<br />
Tanaka et al. (2006) Psychostimulant-Induced Attenuation of Hyperactivity and Prepulse<br />
Inhibition Deficits in Adcyap1-Deficient Mice. J. Neurosci. 26(19): 5091-5097. (mouse, Japan)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
17
Sensory Motor<br />
& Coordination<br />
Guide<br />
Assessment of sensory motor and coordination is an<br />
important part of behavioral studies. Behaviors<br />
result from the integration of environmental sensory<br />
stimuli and their conversion within the central<br />
nervous system into motor commands.<br />
The notion of brain-body-environment interaction<br />
refers to causal effects. Simplistically, sensory inputs<br />
causally affect motor outputs, and these motor<br />
outputs in turn causally affect sensory inputs. Such<br />
“perception-action loops” is crucial to any<br />
biological organism or artificial system that<br />
possesses the ability to react to the environment.<br />
Integration of the sensory perception and motor<br />
output occurs in the cerebellum and the basal<br />
ganglia. Both structures project by many neural<br />
pathways to the motor cortex, which commands<br />
movements to the muscles, and to the<br />
spinocerebellar tract, which provides feedback on<br />
the position of the body in space (proprioception).<br />
Consequently, cerebellum and basal ganglia are<br />
responsible of smooth, coordinated movements<br />
and a disturbance of either system will show up as<br />
disorders in fine movements, equilibrium, posture,<br />
and motor learning, as observed in Parkinson’s or<br />
Huntington’s diseases.<br />
Studying neurobiological mechanisms of these<br />
common diseases is therefore essential to find<br />
efficient therapeutic strategies. To do so, various<br />
behavioral tasks have been developed in<br />
laboratory rodent models and are largely<br />
validated. Moreover, because behavioral<br />
experiments typically measure motor coordinated<br />
responses to sensory information, assessment of<br />
these abilities is required for the interpretation of<br />
results of experiments designed to assess other<br />
neurobiological processes.<br />
18
Sensory Motor & Coordination Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Rota Rod Test<br />
The Rota Rod is a standard test of motor<br />
coordination, balance and fatigue in rodents.<br />
The animals are placed on moving lanes<br />
rotating at different speeds or under<br />
continuous acceleration, and the time latency<br />
to fall from the Rota Rod is recorded.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Easy to perform test<br />
Allows multi-animals sessions<br />
Allows evolution curves of performance<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Poor in detecting minor deficits or improvements<br />
in coordination<br />
Needs habituation sessions<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Motor Phenotyping<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Huntington’s Disease<br />
Alcohol Dependence<br />
Aging<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Grip Strength Test<br />
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the limb<br />
motor or muscular functions in rodents. It<br />
represents a complementary test to the Rota<br />
Rod. Subjects are pulled by the tail while they<br />
are allowed to grasp a grid or a bar. The<br />
maximum force applied to the grid or the bar<br />
just before they lose grip is recorded.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Easy and rapid test<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ High variability in the response<br />
➤ Habituation to the response inducing a loss of<br />
motivation when measurements are performed at<br />
short interval<br />
➤ Influenced by user handling (need training)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neuromuscular Diseases<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Huntington’s Disease<br />
Aging<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
19
Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Startle Response to<br />
Acoustic and Tactile Stimulus<br />
The startle response is a brainstem reflex elicited<br />
by an unexpected acoustic or tactile stimulus.<br />
The evaluation of startle reflex response (and its<br />
habituation) to acoustic or tactile stimulus of<br />
different intensities is widely used for the<br />
detection of sensorimotor gating and hearing<br />
deficiencies in phenotyping evaluations.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurological phenotyping for motor and sensory<br />
capabilities<br />
Objective measurement: automated detection of<br />
startle reflex<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)<br />
Non-specific influence of attention processes<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurological Phenotyping<br />
Hyperekplexia<br />
Auditory Deficits<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Huntington’s Disease<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Prepulse Inhibition<br />
of Startle Reflex<br />
Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) paradigm is commonly<br />
used to evaluate sensorimotor gating as well as<br />
attentional processes involved in information<br />
selection processing. The startle response is a<br />
brainstem reflex elicited by an unexpected<br />
acoustic or tactile stimulus. In the prepulse<br />
inhibition test, sensorimotor gating is assessed<br />
by evaluating the characteristics of the innate<br />
reduction of the startle reflex induced by a weak<br />
prestimulus. This test measures pre-attentive<br />
processes that operate outside of conscious<br />
awareness and is widely used in animal models<br />
of diseases marked by an inability to inhibit, or<br />
“gate” irrelevant information in sensory, motor,<br />
or cognitive domains.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Reproduces the same paradigm used in humans to<br />
detect attentional and sensorimotor gating disorders<br />
Objective measurement: automated detection of<br />
startle reflex<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)<br />
Influenced by non-specific effects on<br />
sensorimotor gating<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Autism<br />
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder<br />
Huntington’s Disease<br />
Nocturnal Enuresis<br />
Tourette’s Syndrome<br />
20<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Sensory Motor & Coordination Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Rotameter Test<br />
Rotational behavior has proved a popular<br />
technique for screening the behavioral effects<br />
of a wide variety of lesions, drugs, and other<br />
experimental manipulations on the brain of<br />
rodents. This test is widely carried out in<br />
experiments using animal models of Parkinson<br />
disease with unilateral lesions in the<br />
dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in which the<br />
number and direction of animal rotations in<br />
quantified after apormorphine treatment.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Rapid and easy-to-do test<br />
Can be entirely automated<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Treadmill<br />
The Treadmill Test in rodents is a useful tool with<br />
a great value in the study of functional capacity. It<br />
is a validated standard model for investigations in<br />
the field of human metabolism. A subject is<br />
forced to walk/run on a treadmill (adjustable<br />
speed and inclination) during specific periods of<br />
time. This test allows the study of various<br />
physiological and behavioral functions such as<br />
long and short-term effort during exercise,<br />
locomotion, metabolic exchanges, cardiac<br />
function, motor coordination and fatigue.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Adapted from a human test<br />
➤ Allows the researcher to precisely control the level<br />
of exertion<br />
➤ Easy to use, even for inexperienced users<br />
➤ Sensitive for mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Activity Wheel<br />
The Rodent Activity Wheel represents a very<br />
simple and clever way to register animal physical<br />
activity in its home cage environment. The use<br />
of this high throughput tool is particularly<br />
relevant for research involving circadian<br />
rhythms, phenotyping and drug testing. The time<br />
and distance run on a voluntary running wheel<br />
are monitored over several days or weeks to<br />
determine whether a particular substance or<br />
experimental manipulation has an effect on<br />
exercise behavior.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Rodent voluntary exercise registering; allows<br />
animals to exercise when and at the intensity that<br />
they choose<br />
Accessibility to running wheel may reduce the<br />
effects of chronic stress on depression-like signs<br />
in mice<br />
Less labor intensive than treadmill running as<br />
researchers need not to be present during wheel<br />
running<br />
Relatively inexpensive setup<br />
Ideal for high throughput experiments; many animals<br />
can be trained at the same time<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Intensity and duration of the exercise cannot be<br />
controlled<br />
Certain lines of transgenic mice may not engage in<br />
enough voluntary wheel running exercise to produce<br />
training adaptations<br />
Not suitable for studies that require precise timing to<br />
explore acute post exercise adaptations (intermittent<br />
running throughout the active cycle)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Drug Screening<br />
‰ Phenotyping<br />
‰ Neuromuscular Disease<br />
‰ Parkinson’s Disease<br />
‰ Muscular Dystrophy<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Needs repetitive daily exposure<br />
lasting several weeks<br />
Requires constant vigilance by<br />
the researcher to make sure that<br />
the animals run for the entire<br />
exercise test time<br />
Use of aversive stimuli to<br />
encourage running<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Improvement of sportive human performances<br />
➤ Oxidative Stress<br />
➤ Diabetes<br />
➤ Parkinsons’s Disease<br />
➤ Ischemia<br />
➤ Ostopenia/Osteoporosis<br />
21
Sensory & Motor<br />
Rota Rod for Motor Coordination in Rodents<br />
Rota Rod<br />
The animal is placed on the roller lane of the Rota Rod and the timer is<br />
started. When the animal drops safely into its own lane, the time latency<br />
to fall (minutes and seconds) and rotation speed are automatically<br />
recorded. A removable upper separator for rat models is included to<br />
prevent interference between animals running in adjacent lanes.<br />
The Rota Rod is controlled by an advanced microprocessor which provides<br />
precise timing control and ultra-accurate speed regulation. Rotation can<br />
be electronically set at a constant speed (4-40 rpm) using a dial on the<br />
front panel. Alternatively, acceleration rate may be selected at a defined<br />
time (30 sec., 1, 2, 5 or 10 min). Acquired data is saved in the form of a<br />
table-lanes/trials. The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Rota Rod is also<br />
provided with a computer interface enabling easy exportation of data<br />
through RS-232 serial port in a format that is compatible with Excel .<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Combined Rota Rod for mice and rats available!<br />
➤ Mechanical detection of fall<br />
➤ Individual lane timers<br />
➤ Constant speed and fixed acceleration rate modes<br />
➤ Automatic recording of latencies to fall and rotation speed<br />
➤ Memory for storing data<br />
➤ Data Transfer software included (SeDaCom)<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Animal latency to fall<br />
➤ Rotation speed when fall occurs<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Rota Rod unit with integrated control unit and<br />
RS-232 communication’s port<br />
➤ Cylinder for mice, rats or both depending on the model<br />
➤ Extension hood for rats (only for LE8300 and LE8500)<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Certificate of calibration<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 thermal printer<br />
Rota Rod<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Rota Rod provides an easy way to test<br />
the effects of drugs, brain damage, or diseases on motor coordination or<br />
fatigue resistance in rodents.<br />
Specifications<br />
Unit Dimensions<br />
Extra Hood<br />
Lane and Rod<br />
Dimensions-Rats<br />
Lane and Rod<br />
Dimensions-Mice<br />
Material Composition<br />
Constant Speeds<br />
Acceleration Rate<br />
362 (W) x 240 (D) x 400 (H) mm<br />
100 (H) mm<br />
75 mm (W); 60 mm rod diameter<br />
50 mm (W); 30 mm rod diameter<br />
Methacrylate, arnite (lanes)<br />
4-40 RPM<br />
30 seconds, 1, 2, 5, or 10 minutes<br />
Computer Requirements PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP & Vista 32)<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
1 per computer (multiple set-ups also available<br />
under request)<br />
CE compliant<br />
110/220 V, 50/60 Hz<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0237 LE 8200 Accelerating Rota Rod for<br />
5 Mice Including SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0238 LE 8300 Accelerating Rota Rod for<br />
4 rats Including SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0239 LE 8500 Accelerating Rota Rod for<br />
4 Rats or 4 Mice Including SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE 7000 Thermal Printer<br />
Citations<br />
Favre-Guilmard C et al. (2009) Different antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin type A in<br />
inflammatory and peripheral polyneuropathic rat models . Eur. J. Phar. 617(1-3): 48-53 (rat, France)<br />
Marino P et al. (2009) A polysialic acid mimetic peptide promotes functional recovery in a mouse<br />
model of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurology, 219(1):163-174. (spinal cord injury, mouse, France)<br />
Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated to<br />
Costello syndrome. Genes, Brain and Behav. 8(1):60-71. (mouse, France)<br />
Favre-Guilmard C et al. (2008) The novel inhibitor of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, BIM-46187,<br />
elicits anti-hyperalgesic properties and synergizes with morphine. Eur. J. Phar. 594(1-3): 70-76 (rat, France)<br />
Korhonen L et al. (2008) Expression of X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in mature<br />
purkinje cells and in retinal bipolar cells in transgenic mice induces neurodegeneration. Neuroscience<br />
156(3):515-526 (LE8200, mouse, Finland)<br />
22<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Sensory & Motor<br />
Grip Strength Meter for Evaluation of Muscular Strength<br />
Grip Strength Meter<br />
The grip strength meter allows the study of neuromuscular functions in<br />
rodents by determining the maximum force displayed by an animal.<br />
This test is included in the Functional Observational Battery (FOB) to<br />
screen for neurobehavioral toxicity. In this context, changes in grip<br />
strength are interpreted as evidence of motor neurotoxicity.<br />
The grip strength meter is positioned horizontally and the subjects are<br />
held by the tail and lowered towards the apparatus. The animals are<br />
allowed to grasp the metal grid or T-bar and are then pulled backwards<br />
in the horizontal plane. The force applied to the grid or to the bar just<br />
before it loses grip is recorded as the peak tension. This force can be<br />
measured in kilograms, grams, pounds or Newtons.<br />
Data output is carried out through RS-232, printer, or chart recorder.<br />
Depending on the grid type used, grip strength can be measured from<br />
the front or hind paws.<br />
Grip Test Accessories<br />
Specifications<br />
Dimensions of 2 Grid System<br />
750 (W) x 180 (D) x 200 (H) mm<br />
Sensor Capacity<br />
0-2 kG (20N)<br />
Sampling Speed<br />
1000 Hz<br />
Measurement Range<br />
0 to 2000 grams<br />
Bar for Rat<br />
(for front or rear paws)<br />
Bar for Mouse<br />
(for front or rear<br />
paws)<br />
Grid for Rats<br />
(for four paws)<br />
Grid for Mouse<br />
(for front paws<br />
& four paws)<br />
Resolution<br />
Accuracy<br />
Material Composition<br />
0.1 gram<br />
0.2 % of full scale<br />
Stainless steel (Grid)<br />
Power Supply<br />
110 V/220 V<br />
Dimensions of Single System<br />
400 (W) x 180 (D) x 200 (H) mm<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Stand alone system, PC optional, not required<br />
➤ Fits to rats and mice with a simple change of grip accessories<br />
➤ Multi-units display: kgs, grams, lbs., Newtons<br />
➤ New and unique internal computations allows direct reading<br />
of average value, standard deviation and variability for<br />
subjects and up to 100 animals<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Maximum force developed by the front and hind paws<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Display unit with RS-232 connection for PC<br />
➤ Metal stand<br />
➤ Grid or bar (one or two grids/bar)<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 1 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ RS-232 cable<br />
➤ RSIC software<br />
➤ Additional grid/bar<br />
➤ Statistical impact printer with cable<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0483 BSBIOGS3 Grip Strength Test Complete with 1 Accessory,<br />
110 or 220 Volts<br />
BH2 76-0484 BSBIORSIC Data Acquisition RSIC Software Windows ® XP<br />
(Dongle and CD)<br />
BH2 76-0485 BSBIOAGRS232 RS-232 Cable<br />
BH2 76-0479 BSBIOGRIPBR Bar for Rats (Front Paws)<br />
BH2 76-0480 BSBIOGRIPBS Bar for Mice (Front or Rear Paws)<br />
BH2 76-0481 BSBIOGRIPGR Grid for Rats (Front or Four Paws)<br />
BH2 76-0482 BSBIOGRIPGS Grid for Mice (Front & Four paws)<br />
Citations<br />
Dudra-Jastrzebska et al. (2009) Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of levetiracetam<br />
in combination with gabapentin, tiagabine and vigabatrin in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure<br />
model: An isobolographic analysis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 605(1-3): 87-94. (mouse, Poland, UK)<br />
Dupuis L et al. (2009) Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Dismantles Neuromuscular Junction and<br />
Triggers Distal Degeneration of Motor Neurons. PLoS ONE 4(4):e5390. (mouse, France)<br />
Kozinska J et al (2009) Spironolactone potentiates the protective action of some selected antiepileptic<br />
drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Annales UMCS, Pharmacia. 22(1):123-<br />
134. (mouse, Poland)<br />
Lambertsen KL et al. (2009) Microglia Protect Neurons against Ischemia by Synthesis of Tumor<br />
Necrosis Factor. J. Neurosci. 29(5):1319-1330. (BIO-GT3, mouse, Denmark, Sweden).<br />
Luszczki JJ et al. (2009) N-(anilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide potentiates the<br />
anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital and valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced<br />
seizure model Neurosci. Res. 64(3):267-272. (mouse, Poland, Armenia)<br />
Akhtar M et al. (2008) Effect of thioperamide on oxidative stress markers in middle cerebral artery occlusion<br />
model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 27(10):761-767. (rat, India)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
23
Sensory & Motor<br />
Grip-Strength Meter<br />
Peak Preamplifier<br />
Both the Grip Strength Meter for Rats and the model for Mice are used<br />
with this Peak Amplifier. It automatically discriminates whether the grip<br />
force is generated by the rat and mouse transducer and expresses<br />
them in grams and in decimal of grams respectively.<br />
The data supplied by the peak amplifier is available in digital and<br />
analog form. The waveform of the pull can be externally recorded, for<br />
example via a channel recorder or the signal may be taken to a data<br />
acquisition system.<br />
Grip-Strength Meter is Supplied<br />
Complete with the Following Components<br />
• Peak Amplifier, incorporating a digital display<br />
• Force Transducer Suitable for Either Rats or Mice<br />
• Trapezes for Either Rats or Mice, T-shaped bar<br />
for Either Rats or Mice<br />
• Perspex Plate with 10 mm diameter upright<br />
• Open-Side Boss Head<br />
• Table Clamp<br />
• Mains Cable<br />
• Set of 2 fuses for either 115 V or 230 V operation<br />
• Instruction Manual<br />
Grip-Strength Meter<br />
This system measures the force that is required to make a mouse or<br />
rat release its grip. It is ideal to measure the effects of drugs, toxins,<br />
muscle relaxants, disease, aging or neural damage on muscle<br />
strength.<br />
The rat or mouse is placed over a Perspex plate, in front of a grasping bar,<br />
either T-shaped or trapeze-shaped. Rodents instinctively grab anything<br />
they can to try to stop this involuntary backward movement. The will<br />
continue to grip the trapeze until the pulling force overcomes their grip<br />
strength. After the animal loses its grip, the peak preamplifier automatically<br />
stores the peak pull force and shows it on a liquid crystal display.<br />
The sensor mechanism is a T-shaped or trapeze-shaped bar whose<br />
height is adjustable. The bar is fitted to a force transducer connected<br />
to the Peak Amplifier. The Mouse unit is similar to the rat model except<br />
the grasping trapeze is proportionately sized for mice and the<br />
transducer sensitivity is adjusted to measure the grip strength of mice.<br />
A complete system is comprised of the follow components:<br />
1. A base plate of black sand-blasted Perspex,<br />
complete with upright and open-side boss-head<br />
2. A grasping-bar (a grasping trapeze is also supplied)<br />
3. A force transducer of adjustable height, provided with<br />
connection cable and connector to the peak amplifier<br />
4. A peak amplifier<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 72-6713 47105/115 V Grip-Strength Meter for Rats, 115 V/230 V<br />
BH2 72-6715 47106/115 V Grip-Strength Meter for Mice, 115 V/230 V<br />
REPLACEMENT PARTS<br />
BH2 72-6717 47105-002 Force Transducer Assembly for Rat<br />
BH2 72-6718 47105-003 Force Transducer Assembly for Mouse<br />
BH2 72-6719 47105-004 Pespex Plate with 10 mm Diameter Upright<br />
BH2 72-6723 47105-323 Table Clamp<br />
BH2 72-6725 4003 Open-Side Boss Head<br />
24<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Sensory & Motor<br />
Rodent Activity Wheel<br />
Activity Wheel and Cage<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Easy way to quantify rodent voluntary exercise in their home<br />
cage environment<br />
➤ Preserves animal living space<br />
➤ Stainless steel wheel construction<br />
➤ For rat, mice and hamsters<br />
➤ Ideal for high throughput experiments<br />
Applications<br />
➤ Activity - circadian rhythms, exercise<br />
➤ Cognition - environmental enrichment<br />
➤ Disease models - Huntington’s, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity<br />
Disorder, Addiction, Anorexia and more<br />
Rodent Activity Wheel<br />
The Rodent Activity Wheel represents a very simple and clever way to<br />
register animal voluntary physical activity in its home cage<br />
environment.<br />
The use of this high throughput tool is particularly relevant for research<br />
involving circadian rhythms, phenotyping and drug testing. The animals are<br />
housed individually in the home cages equipped with the running wheel.<br />
The total number of wheel rotation made by the animal is displayed on<br />
the external LE907 individual counter or LE3806 multi-counter devices.<br />
LE3806 multi-counter allows storing the data in user-defined time<br />
intervals and exports them to the SeDaCom PC interface (through RS-<br />
232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel .<br />
All the components of the wheel assembly (wheel, wheel hub and<br />
support) are made of stainless steel and are used with standard ACE<br />
(Allentown Caging Equipment) polycarbonate rodent cages provided<br />
with its wire lid. The wheel is mounted outside the home cage to<br />
preserve animal living space.<br />
All non-electrical cage components are autoclavable.<br />
Specifications<br />
Model Ø Wheel Lane Width ACE* Cage Size<br />
LE904 36 cm 10 cm 42 (W) x 26 (D) x 19 (H) cm<br />
LE905 16 cm 6 cm 36 (W) x 20 (D) x 14 (H) cm<br />
* Other brands are available under request<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0412 LE904 Activity Wheel and Cage, Rat<br />
BH2 76-0413 LE905 Activity Wheel and Cage, Mouse<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0414 LE907 Single Wheel Counter<br />
BH2 76-0243 LE3806 Multi-Counter (up to 30 wheels) including<br />
SedaCom PC interface<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
25
Sensory & Motor<br />
Rodent Activity Wheel and Cage<br />
BH2 60-1943 Rodent Activity Wheel and Cage shown complete with<br />
Water Bottle, Waste Tray, Support Stand and Counter (not included)<br />
The clear polycarbonate cage has glass-like clarity and excellent impact<br />
strength. The cut-out bottom allows changing of bedding and removal of<br />
excreta without disturbing the animal. (Meets NIH floor space<br />
requirements for a single rodent). A solid stainless steel lid covers the<br />
opening at the edge of the Activity Wheel while a wire lid with exclusive<br />
lid locks fasten securely to the cage body. These lids prevent the animal<br />
from escaping. The wire lid incorporates a water bottle support with<br />
rubber stopper guard and a U-shaped food hopper for pellets.<br />
Specifications<br />
Dimensions:<br />
Overall, H x W x D<br />
Wheel, OD x W<br />
Floor Area:<br />
Cage<br />
Cage with Wheel<br />
36.4 x 26.8 x 50 cm (14.25 x 10.375 x 19.5 in)<br />
34.5 x 9 cm (13.5 x 3.5 in)<br />
929 cm2 (144 in2)<br />
516 cm2 (80 in2)<br />
Order # Product<br />
FOR RATS<br />
BH2 60-1943 Rat Activity Wheel and Cage<br />
BH2 60-1944<br />
Polycarbonate Waste Tray Collects Excreta,<br />
H x W x D, 3.5 x 28 x 45 cm (1.375 x 11.125 x 17.5 in); Requires<br />
Use of BH2 60-1945 Support Stand, see below, pkg. of 1<br />
➤ Easy measurement of rodent activity<br />
➤ For mice, rats and hamsters<br />
➤ All stainless steel wheel construction<br />
➤ Clear polycarbonate cage for visibility and strength<br />
Rodent Activity Wheel<br />
This Rodent Activity Wheel provides an easy, convenient method for<br />
measuring lab rodents’ physical activity in response to chemical or<br />
environmental stimuli. It is especially useful for research involving<br />
circadian rhythms or pharmaceutical testing. The Rodent Activity<br />
Wheel and Cage package comes complete with: stainless steel activity<br />
wheel, wheel hub and support, sheet and activity wire lids and<br />
polycarbonate cage with cut away bottom and stainless steel floor grid.<br />
The Activity Wheel allows the animal to exercise voluntarily. It has<br />
long-lasting, low-friction Teflon TFE bushings for quiet, smooth action.<br />
The stainless steel hub and support rod provide strength and durability<br />
and the wide wheel allows small to large animals to exercise. A<br />
magnetic switch with LCD counter is available as an accessory for<br />
recording animal activity on the wheel, counted as wheel revolutions.<br />
The magnetic switch can be used with both the rat and mouse wheels.<br />
BH2 60-1945<br />
BH2 60-0506<br />
BH2 60-1946<br />
FOR MICE<br />
BH2 60-2429<br />
BH2 60-2425<br />
BH2 60-2423<br />
BH2 60-2424<br />
BH2 60-1946<br />
Support Stand for Cage and Waste Tray for Rat Cage,<br />
Stainless Steel, Supports One Activity Cage with Wheel<br />
and Waste Tray; Allows Removal of Waste Tray without<br />
Disturbing the Cage or Animal<br />
Polycarbonate Water Bottle for Rat Cage, 500 ml Glass Clear<br />
and Shatterproof. Extremely Rugged. Permanent, Molded-in<br />
Graduations for Easy Measurement. Complete with Chew-Proof<br />
Type 316 SS Cap and Sipper tube. Exclusive 1.8 mm Sipper Tube<br />
Opening Minimizes Spontaneous Dripping<br />
Magnetic Switch with LCD Counter the Magnetic Switch Counts<br />
Whole Revolutions of the Activity Wheel. Operates on an Extended-<br />
Life Battery (Included). A Safety Lock Position on the Reset Button<br />
Helps Eliminate Accidental Resettings. Assembly Required to<br />
Connect Unit to the Activity Wheel and Cage. Works with Both Rat<br />
and Mouse Wheel.<br />
Mouse Activity Wheel and Cage<br />
Polycarbonate Waste Tray for Mouse Cage<br />
Support Stand for Cage and Waste Tray for Mouse Cage<br />
Polycarbonate Water Bottle for Mouse Cage<br />
Magnetic Switch with LCD Counter, see Description Above<br />
26<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Sensory & Motor<br />
Small Animal Treadmill<br />
Treadmill Unit with RS-232 Communication Port<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Silent operation, even at high speeds<br />
➤ Accurate control of shock intensity<br />
➤ Data acquisition software included (SeDaCom)<br />
➤ Positive/Negative slope<br />
➤ High performance motor<br />
➤ Easy to clean<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total distance covered<br />
➤ Distance covered at each moment<br />
➤ Accumulated shock time per animal<br />
➤ Number of contacts with the shock grid<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Treadmill unit with RS-232 port<br />
➤ Allen key<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 thermal printer<br />
➤ LE87XXCO air tight option for calorimetry studies<br />
(available only on single lane models)<br />
Treadmills<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> treadmills are rolling belts with an<br />
adjustable speed and slope, enabling forced exercise training and<br />
accurate testing of fatigue in rodents. Different models are available<br />
depending on the user’s needs from one to five lanes.<br />
These treadmills have an adjustable speed (up to 150 cm/s) and slope<br />
(from -25 to +25 degrees) and a control unit. The rolling belt is built<br />
with specially selected materials to guarantee the best performance<br />
under conditions of intensive use and requires minimum maintenance.<br />
It is also designed with simplicity for keeping it clean. The lanes<br />
(corridors of activity for the animal) have sufficient width for the<br />
subject to correct its errors in coordination, thereby allowing an exact<br />
measurement of the fatigue without deficiencies in motor coordination.<br />
The unit controls the speed of the belt, shows measured data in its<br />
display, provides current to the shocking grid and allows<br />
communication with the PC for data storage, via the RS-232 output and<br />
SeDaCom software. Belt velocity can also be controlled by software.<br />
Parameters measured in a trial are: belt speed and slope, distance<br />
travelled, shock time, and shock intensity.<br />
The electrical shock supplied by the grid is of constant intensity (from<br />
0 to 2 mA), that is, the current which circulates through the animal (and<br />
therefore its effect) only depends on the value of the mA chosen and<br />
not of the subject (quantity of body mass in contact with the bars,<br />
perspiration, etc.)<br />
The apparatus can optionally be provided with an air isolated enclosure<br />
for respiratory metabolism studies - single lane versions only. Gas<br />
analyzer, air supply and switching units as well as software must be<br />
purchased separately for use with air tight option.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
27
Sensory & Motor<br />
Small Animal Treadmill (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Current Range<br />
Belt Speed<br />
Running Surface<br />
Running Lanes<br />
Shock Grid<br />
Slope Adjusment<br />
Adjustable from 0 to 2 mA<br />
Adjustable from 5 to 150cm/sec<br />
450 mm long x 100 mm wide<br />
1, 2, or 5, depending upon model selected<br />
190 mm long x 100 mm wide<br />
From 0° to 25° (negative slope also available<br />
upon request)<br />
Computer Requirements PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP & Vista 32)<br />
Maximum Number<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
1 per computer with SeDaCom up to 10 units<br />
of Stations<br />
CE compliant<br />
110V or 220V, 50/60Hz<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0303 LE8700 Rat Single Lane Treadmill Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0304 LE8708 Mice Single Lane Treadmill Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0305 LE8715 Rabbit Single Lane Treadmill Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0306 LE8706 Rat Double Lane Treadmill Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0307 LE8709 Mice Double Lane Treadmill Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
BH2 76-0308 LE8710R 5 Lanes Treadmill for Rats, Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
Citations<br />
Caron AZ et al. (2009) A novel hindlimb immobilization procedure for studying skeletal muscle atrophy<br />
and recovery in mouse. J. Appl. Physiol. 106: 2049-2059. (mouse, Canada)<br />
Casas F et al. (2009) Overexpression of the Mitochondrial T3 Receptor Induces Skeletal Muscle<br />
Atrophy during Aging. PLoS ONE. 4(5):e5631. (mouse, Spain, France)<br />
Hoffman-Goetz L et al. (2009) Voluntary exercise training in mice increases the expression of<br />
antioxidant enzymes and decreases the expression of TNF-_ in intestinal lymphocytes. Brain, Behav.<br />
Immunity. 23(4):498-506. (mouse, Canada)<br />
Jiao Q et al. (2009) Sarcalumenin is Essential for Maintaining Cardiac Function During<br />
Endurance Exercise Training. Am. J.Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. (mouse, Japan) In Press.<br />
Macambira SG et al. (2009) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in chronic Chagas<br />
disease: preservation and improvement of cardiac structure and function. FASEB J. In Press. (LE8700,<br />
mouse, Brazil)<br />
Yoshida M et al. (2009) Functional evaluation of pallid mice with genetic emphysema.<br />
Laboratory Investigation. 89(7):760-768. (LE8709, mouse, Japan)<br />
Cassano M et al. (2008) Magic-Factor 1, a Partial Agonist of Met, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy by<br />
Protecting Myogenic Progenitors from Apoptosis. PLoS ONE. 3(9):e3223 (mouse, Italy)<br />
Ferrara N et al. (2008) Exercice training promotes SIRT1 activity in aged rats. Rejuvenation Res.<br />
11(1):139-150 (rat, Italy)<br />
Knauf C et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-<br />
Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 149(1):4768-4777<br />
(mouse, France)<br />
Marques E et al. (2008) Influence of chronic exercise on the amphetamine-induced Dopamine Release<br />
and Neurodegeneration in the Striatum of the Rat. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1139:222-231. (LE8706, rat,<br />
Portugal)<br />
Knauf C et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-<br />
Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 149(1):4768-4777<br />
(mouse, France)<br />
Cassano M et al. (2008) Magic-Factor 1, a Partial Agonist of Met, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy by<br />
Protecting Myogenic Progenitors from Apoptosis. PLoS ONE. 3(9):e3223 (mouse, Italy)<br />
Ferrara N et al. (2008) Exercice training promotes SIRT1 activity in aged rats. Rejuvenation Res.<br />
11(1):139-150 (rat, Italy)<br />
Serradj N and Jamon M (2007) Age-related changes in the motricity of the inbred mice strains<br />
129/sv and C57BL/6j. Behavioral Brain research 177(1): 80-89. (mouse, France)<br />
Suelves M et al. (2007) uPA deficiency exacerbates muscular dystrophy in MDX mice. The Journal of<br />
Cell Biology 178(6):1039-51. (Mouse, Spain)<br />
Alonso M et al. (2006) Melatonin inhibits the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide<br />
synthase and nuclear factor kappa B activation in rat skeletal muscle. J. Pineal Res. In Press<br />
Billat V et al. (2005) Inter- and intrastrain variation in mouse critical running speed. J. Apll. Physiol.<br />
98: 1258-1263. (mice, France).<br />
Majczynski H et al. (2005) Serotonin-Related Enhancement of Recovery of Hind Limb Motor Functions<br />
in Spinal Rats after Grafting of Embryonic Raphe Nuclei. J. Neurotrauma. 22(5): 590-604. (Rat, Poland)<br />
BH2 76-0309 LE8710M 5 Lanes Treadmill for Mice, Including Shock<br />
Source and SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0310 LE 87XXCO CO Air Tight Option<br />
(Only Available for LE8700, LE8708 and LE8715)<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE 7000 Thermal Printer<br />
BH2 76-0312 LE8740R LE8710 Lead for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0313 LE8740M LE8710 Lead for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0314 LE8730R LE8710 Grid for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0315 LE8730M LE8710 Grid for Mice<br />
28<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Sensory & Motor<br />
Rotameter for Evaluating Rotation Behavior<br />
Rotameter<br />
A bi-directional rotation sensor provides a double (right and left turns)<br />
output with adjustable regulation of pulses/turns (between 3 and 36<br />
pulses per complete turn). Experiment duration and time intervals of<br />
measurement can be set. An external multicounter LE3806 is<br />
necessary for data storage; it counts the number of partial and<br />
complete left and right turns depending of the adjustments made on<br />
the rotation sensors.<br />
The computer interface SeDaCom allows easy exportation of data<br />
(through RS-232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel .<br />
Specifications<br />
Fraction of Turn<br />
Dimensions of the<br />
Containers<br />
4 to 36 fraction of a circumference (selectable)<br />
400 mm diameter<br />
Computer Requirements PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP & Vista 32)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Rotation sensor with adjustable TTL output signal<br />
➤ Configuring experiment duration and time intervals of counting<br />
➤ Counting the number of partial and complete left and right turns<br />
➤ Adjustable harness with velcro<br />
➤ Computer interface included<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of partial and complete left and right turns<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Rotation sensor and support<br />
➤ Animal harness<br />
➤ Container (either a bowl or a cylinder)<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ Double counter (left & right turn)<br />
➤ Programmable counter with 30 inputs (up to 15 Rota Meter)<br />
and SeDaCom software<br />
Rotameter<br />
Rotational behavior has proved a popular technique for screening the<br />
behavioral effects of a wide variety of lesions, drugs, and other<br />
experimental manipulations on the brain of rodents. This test is widely<br />
carried out in experiments using animal models of Parkinson’s Disease<br />
with unilateral lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system.<br />
The subject wears an adjustable harness with velcro connected to the<br />
rotation sensor by a flexible tie. Wide ranges of harnesses are available<br />
to fit different animal sizes. The subject is then placed into a transparent<br />
container (cylindrical or oval) with a lateral support for a vertical stand.<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0241 LE902 Rotational System Including Rotation Sensor,<br />
Rat or Mouse Harness, Bowl or Cylinder<br />
Container<br />
BH2 76-0242 LE902-CC Double Counter (Left & Right Turns)<br />
BH2 76-0243 LE3806 Programmable MultiCounter with 30 Inputs<br />
(up to 15 Rota-Meter) and SedaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0244 LE902-SR Left & Right Rotation Sensor,<br />
Adjustable Turn Resolution<br />
BH2 76-0245 LE902-AS Rat Harness with Velcro and Connecting Wire<br />
BH2 76-0246 LE902-MT Mouse Harness with Velcro<br />
and Connecting Wire<br />
BH2 76-0247 LE902-RP Cylindrical or Oval Container<br />
with Supporting Rod<br />
Citations<br />
Belzunegui S et al. (2008) Striatal carotid body graft promotes differentiation of neural progenitor<br />
cells into neurons in the olfactory bulb of adult hemiparkisonian rats. Brain Res. 1217:213-220.<br />
Martin A et al. (2008) open-field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze.<br />
Neuropsychopharmacol. 33:1667-1679 (rat, Spain)<br />
Aymerich MS et al. (2006) Consequences of unilateral nigrostriatal denervation on the thalamostriatal<br />
pathway in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 23(8): 2099. (rat, Spain)<br />
Bove J et al. (2006) Reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations by the A2A antagonist CSC is<br />
associated with an increase in striatal preprodynorphin mRNA expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.<br />
Synapse. 59(7): 435-444. (rat, Spain)<br />
Toledo-Aral JJ et al. (2003) Trophic restoration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in long-term<br />
carotid body-grafted parkinsonian rats. J. Neurosci. 23(1): 141-148. (rat, Spain)<br />
Segura-Aguilar J et al. (2002) Inhibition of DT-diaphorase is a requirement for Mn3+ to produce a<br />
6-OH-dopamine like Rotational Behavior. Neurotoxicity Research, Volume 4, Number 2, 127 – 131<br />
(rat, Chile)<br />
Diaz-Veliz G et al. (2002) Behavioral effects of aminochrome and dopachrome injected in the rat<br />
substantia nigra. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 73(4):843-50 (rat, Chile)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
29
Sensory & Motor<br />
HSE-HA Rodent Shocker<br />
Now NEW versions with low current and 0.1mA accuracy available!<br />
BH2 73-0105 Rodent Shocker<br />
Sine-Wave Shock Generator<br />
with BH2 73-0108<br />
Eye Shock Electrode<br />
for Mice and Rats<br />
Specifications<br />
Stimulation Frequency<br />
Stimulus Duration<br />
Stimulus Energy<br />
Output<br />
Output Current<br />
Standard Version<br />
Output Current LC<br />
Version<br />
Limitation of Maximum<br />
Stimulation Voltage<br />
Digital Display<br />
50 Hz or 60 Hz according to supply frequency<br />
0.1 sec to 9.9 sec in steps of 0.1 sec, selected after<br />
pressing a button, the selected time is indicated<br />
Up to 75 W<br />
Constant current, fully floating<br />
0 to 300 mA, 0 to 150 mA, 0 to 100 mA depending<br />
on maximum stimulation voltage selected, the<br />
setting is made on a 10-turn potentiometer and<br />
the selected value is shown on the digital display<br />
0 to 30mA and 0 to 20mA depending on<br />
selected voltage<br />
250 V, 500 V, 750 V in 3 steps, selected by button<br />
The selected stimulation current is indicated<br />
continuously in mA, the actual current applied is<br />
shown during application and can be called up later<br />
by pushing a button, the selected stimulation time is<br />
shown on pressing the TIME button, bargraph<br />
indicates the course of the stimulation time.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ For testing anticonvulsant drugs<br />
➤ For mice and rats<br />
➤ Two types of electrodes are available: for eyes or ears<br />
➤ Foot switch operation<br />
Supply<br />
Dimensions, H x W x D<br />
Weight<br />
Order # Product<br />
BH2 73-0105<br />
110 V, 60 Hz or 220 V, 50 Hz<br />
150 x 260 x 360 mm (5.91 x 10.2 x 14.2 in)<br />
5 kg (11 lb)<br />
Rodent Shocker Sine-Wave Shock Generator with Foot Switch,<br />
115 VAC, 60 Hz<br />
Rodent Shocker<br />
Cerebral seizures, preferably in mice, are produced using constant<br />
sinusoidal alternating current to determine the effect of anticonvulsant<br />
drugs. For the reliable induction of seizures it is necessary to achieve<br />
satisfactory current flow. Eye electrodes and (especially in mice) ear<br />
electrodes are used for this purpose.<br />
BH2 73-0106<br />
BH2 73-3946<br />
BH2 73-3047<br />
BH2 73-0107<br />
BH2 73-0108<br />
Rodent Shocker Sine-Wave Shock Generator with Foot Switch,<br />
230 VAC, 50 Hz<br />
Rodent Shocker RS Type 221/LC Low Current Version,<br />
230 VAC, 50 Hz including foot switch, output power 75 VA,<br />
maximum current at 750V is 20 mA, at 500V and 250V 30mA,<br />
selectable in steps of 0.1 mA<br />
Rodent Shocker RS Type 221/LC Low Current Version,<br />
115 VAC, 50 Hz including foot switch, output power 75 VA,<br />
maximum current at 750V is 20 mA, at 500V and 250V 30mA,<br />
selectable in steps of 0.1 mA<br />
Ear Shock Electrodes for Mice and Rats, Pair<br />
Eye Shock Electrode for Mice and Rats<br />
30<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Guide<br />
Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory<br />
experience that may be described as the unpleasant<br />
awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm. For<br />
scientific and clinical purposes, pain is defined by the<br />
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as “an<br />
unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated<br />
with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in<br />
terms of such damage”. Pain is part of the body’s defense<br />
system, triggering a reflex reaction to retract from a painful<br />
stimulus, and helps adjust behavior to increase avoidance<br />
of that particular harmful situation in the future. Given its<br />
significance, physical pain is also linked to various cultural,<br />
religious, philosophical, or social issues.<br />
The word “pain” does not equate with nociception, which<br />
is a preconscious neural activity that is normally<br />
necessary, but not sufficient, for pain. The term<br />
nociception was coined by Charles Scott Sherrington to<br />
make clear the difference between the physiological<br />
nature of nervous activity signaling tissue damage and<br />
the psychological response of pain to this physiological<br />
event. In animal models, we have to speak of<br />
“nociceptive transmission” instead of “pain transmission”<br />
since pain per se cannot be communicated.<br />
Nociception is the afferent activity produced in the<br />
peripheral and central nervous system by stimuli that<br />
have the potential to damage tissue. This activity is<br />
initiated by nociceptors that can detect mechanical,<br />
thermal or chemical changes, above a certain<br />
threshold. All nociceptors are free nerve endings of fastconducting<br />
myelinated A delta fibers or slow conducting<br />
unmyelinated C fibers, respectively responsible for fast,<br />
localized, sharp pain and slow, poorly localized, dull<br />
pain. Once stimulated, the nociceptors transmit signals<br />
that travel along the spinal cord and within the brain.<br />
Brain areas that are particularly studied in relation with<br />
pain include the somatosensory cortex which mostly<br />
accounts for the sensory discriminative dimension of<br />
pain, and the limbic system, of which the thalamus and<br />
the anterior cingulated cortex are said to be especially<br />
involved in the affective dimension. Nociception, even<br />
in the absence of pain, may trigger withdrawal reflexes<br />
and a variety of autonomic responses. The control of<br />
nociceptive transmission is complex and involves<br />
numerous peripheral and central mechanisms.<br />
In this pathological manifestation, pain is a major<br />
symptom in many medical conditions, significantly<br />
interfering with a person’s quality of life and general<br />
functioning. Diagnosis is based on characterizing pain in<br />
various ways, according to duration, intensity, type (dull,<br />
burning or stabbing), source, or location in body.<br />
Among the most frequent technical terms for referring to<br />
abnormal perturbations in pain experiences, there are:<br />
allodynia (pain due to a stimulus which does not normally<br />
provoke pain) hyperalgesia (an increase response to a<br />
stimulus which is normally painful) and hypoalgesia<br />
(diminished pain in response to a normally painful<br />
stimulus). As an example, allodynia is a clinical feature of<br />
many painful conditions, such as neuropathies, posttherapeutic<br />
neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and migraine.<br />
Usually pain stops without treatment or responds to<br />
simple measures such as resting or taking an analgesic,<br />
and it is then called “acute” pain. However, it may<br />
become intractable and develop into a condition called<br />
chronic pain, in which pain is no longer considered a<br />
symptom but an illness by itself.<br />
31
Analgesia Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Tail Flick Test<br />
The Tail Flick Test, also known as the D’Armour<br />
and Smith Test, is a nociceptive assay based on<br />
the measured latency to avoid thermal stimulus<br />
in rodents. A thermal stimulus is applied on the<br />
tail; when the animal feels discomfort, it<br />
retracts by a sudden tail’s movement or flick.<br />
The tail flick time is then measured and used as<br />
an index of animal pain sensitivity.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Thermal pain sensitivity (analgesia and hyperalgesia)<br />
➤ Objective measurement: automated detection of<br />
animal reaction time<br />
➤ Widely used in literature<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
➤ Allows multiple measurements in the same animal<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Mainly spinal response<br />
Animal habituation critical for obtaining reliable data<br />
Restrainer recommended for inexperienced users<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Analgesic Drug Screening<br />
Basal Pain Sensitivity Phenotyping<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Hot Plate Test<br />
The Hot-Plate Test evaluates thermal pain<br />
reflexes due to footpad contact with a heated<br />
surface. During the experiments, the animal is<br />
in a removable clear acrylic cylinder where the<br />
latency time to the first hind paw and/or<br />
jumping responses are measured.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Thermal pain sensitivity (analgesia and hyperalgesia)<br />
➤ Evaluates responses with both spinal (licking) or<br />
surpraspinal components (jumping)<br />
➤ Widely used in literature<br />
➤ No need for a restrainer<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Subjective movement; visual detection of animal<br />
reaction time<br />
Allows only one evaluation per animal when<br />
jumping is measured<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Analgesic Drug Screening<br />
Basal Pain Sensitivity Phenotyping<br />
32<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Randall-Selitto Test<br />
The Randall-Selitto Test involves the application<br />
of a uniformly increasing pressure on the paw to<br />
assess the threshold response to pain. The<br />
intensity of pressure causing an escape reaction<br />
was defined as the withdrawal threshold.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Mechanical pain sensitivity<br />
(analgesia and hyperalgesia)<br />
Left and right paw discrimination<br />
Allows multiple measurements on the same animal<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Mainly spinal response<br />
➤ Animal habituation is critical for obtaining<br />
reliable data<br />
➤ Subjective measurement: visual detection of animal<br />
reaction time<br />
➤ Widely used in rat (paw application), needs more<br />
expertise for mice (tail or paw application)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Neuropathy<br />
Inflammation<br />
Post-Operative Pain<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Von Frey Test<br />
This test is used to assess the threshold for<br />
touch evoked sensations. Von Frey Test<br />
consists in sequentially applying filaments of<br />
different diameters until the hair that creates<br />
the noxious sensation (reflecting by a paw<br />
withdrawal effect) is found.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Mechanical sensitivity to non-painful stimulus<br />
(allodynia)<br />
Left and right paw discrimination<br />
Allows multiple measurements in the same animal<br />
Sensitivity for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Mainly spinal response<br />
➤ Animal habituation in critical for obtaining<br />
reliable data<br />
➤ Subjective measurements; visual detection of animal<br />
reaction test<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Neuropathy<br />
Inflammation<br />
Post-operative pain<br />
Phantom pain<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
33
Analgesia Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Incapacitance Test<br />
In the Incapacitance Test, the animal is in a<br />
holder specially designed so the animal is<br />
comfortably positioned on two separate sensor<br />
plates. The Incapacitance device enables the<br />
quantification of spontaneous postural changes<br />
reflecting spontaneous pain. The test<br />
independently measures the weight an animal<br />
applies to each hind paw with two separate<br />
sensors. Normal rodents distribute weight<br />
equally on both paws, change of this<br />
equilibrium can reflect the level of discomfort<br />
due to an injury.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Spontaneous pain<br />
Left and right paw discrimination<br />
Allows multiple measurements on the same animal<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Animal habituation is critical for obtaining<br />
reliable data<br />
Animals need to be restrained<br />
Positioning of mice for testing is difficult<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neuropathy<br />
Inflammation<br />
Post-Operative Pain<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Plethysmometer Test<br />
This test is typically used to follow the<br />
evolution of the inflammatory processes. This<br />
test allows evaluating paw volume, which is<br />
typically increased during inflammation.<br />
Therefore, this test is used to screen antiinflammatory<br />
potential or anti-edema<br />
properties of pharmacological substances.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Rodent paw volume evaluation<br />
Left and right paw discrimination<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Anti-Inflammatory Drug Screening<br />
Anti-Edema Drug Screening<br />
Inflammation<br />
Post-Operative Plan<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Thermal Place Preference Test<br />
The thermal place preference paradigm allows<br />
working on unrestrained animals that are able to<br />
choose between two compartments with<br />
different temperatures. This test is userindependent<br />
since there is no handling during<br />
the experiment. This point alone makes this test<br />
more attractive compared to traditional hot/cold<br />
plate tests. Time spent in the two compartments,<br />
crossing time and the temperature in each zone<br />
are provided in an automated manner, allowing<br />
reliable determination of the animal’s thermal<br />
pain threshold.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
New test for thermal pain sensitivity<br />
Operator independent testing as animals are<br />
freely moving<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
34<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Tail Flick Meter for Evaluating Thermal Analgesia<br />
Tail Flick Meter<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Optimal detection due to perfect alignment of heat stimulus<br />
and photo beam trigger<br />
➤ Photo beams with adjustable sensitivity<br />
➤ A light beam shows the point on which the heat source will focus<br />
➤ Manual and remote timer and trigger<br />
➤ Groove for correct tail placement<br />
➤ Automatic cut-off<br />
➤ Computer interface, SeDaCom<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Time latency response to thermal stimulus<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Control Unit with RS-232 port to PC<br />
➤ Stimulation unit<br />
➤ Mouse tail adapter<br />
➤ Holder for rat or mouse - must specify at time of order<br />
➤ Footswitch<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Calibration certificate<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 Thermal printer<br />
➤ LE7106T Tail-Temperature recorder<br />
Tail Flick Meter<br />
This system features radiant heat applied on the animal’s tail; when the<br />
animal feels discomfort, it reacts by a sudden tail’s movement (tail<br />
flick) which automatically stops the stimulation and the timer for the<br />
measurement of the animal reaction time (period from the beginning of<br />
the stimulation until detection of the animal’s response).<br />
This test has proved particularly sensitive for studying the analgesic<br />
properties of pharmacological substances. It can also be used to<br />
evaluate basal thermal pain sensitivity or to study putative genetic<br />
differences among control animals.<br />
The LE7106 Tail-flick Meter consists of a stimulation unit (containing<br />
the halogen lamp for the heat stimulus) and an electronic control unit.<br />
The system can be used for rats and mice of different sizes. The animal<br />
is placed in a restrainer with its tail protruding on the platform of the<br />
stimulus unit. The animal’s tail is positioned on a slot of adjustable<br />
width equipped with a groove that guarantees a correct placement. A<br />
remote foot-switch controls the test start/stop allowing rapid handsfree<br />
experiments.<br />
A photo beam with adjustable sensitivity detects the tail flick and the<br />
latency is automatically presented on a digital display on the control<br />
unit. Measurements of reaction time are given with a 0.1 precision. A<br />
cut-off time can be set to avoid tissue damage (by default: 20 s). The<br />
groove system for the tail and the adjustment of response sensitivity<br />
ensure optimum repeatability and reliability of results.<br />
SeDacom software supplied with the unit can be used to automatically<br />
record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.<br />
Specifications<br />
Control Unit Dimensions<br />
Stimulation Unit<br />
Dimensions<br />
Power Supply<br />
Material Composition<br />
350 (W) x 350 (D) x 130 (H)<br />
400 (W) x 140 (D) x 155 (H)<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
Methacrylate, halogen lamp<br />
Computer Requirements PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista 32)<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
1 per computer (multiple set-ups also available<br />
under request)<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0293 LE7106 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter Including Restrainer,<br />
Footswitch and SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE7000 Thermal Printer<br />
BH2 76-0294 LE7106T Tail-Temperature Recorder<br />
Citations<br />
Gulati et al. (2009) Determination of Adrenergic and Imidazoline Receptor Involvement in<br />
Augmentation of Morphine and Oxycodone Analgesia by Clonidine and BMS182874.<br />
Pharmacology. 83:45-58. (rat, USA)<br />
Puente B et al. (2009) Sigma-1 receptors regulate activity-induced spinal sensitization and<br />
neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain. (Mouse, Spain). In press<br />
Park I et al (2008) Buprederm , a New Transdermal Delivery System of Buprenorphine:<br />
Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy and Skin Irritancy Studies. Pharm. Res. 25(5):1052-1062 (mouse, Korea)<br />
Shamsi Meymandi M et al (2007) Intraventricular gabapentin is antinociceptive and enhances<br />
systemic morphine antinociception in rat tail flick test. DARU. 15(4):212-217 (rat, Iran)<br />
Parker AG et al. (2007) Antinociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of Brugmansia<br />
suaveolens flowers in mice. Biol. Res. For Nursing. 8(3): 234-239. (Mouse, Brazil)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
35
Analgesia<br />
Tail Flick Meter<br />
BH2 52-9487<br />
Tail Flick<br />
Analgesia Meter<br />
Specifications<br />
Lamp Intensity 150 W, adjustable between 0 and 100%<br />
in 1% increments<br />
Timer Range<br />
Printer Interface<br />
Lamp Heat Control<br />
Dimensions, H x W x D<br />
Weight<br />
0 to 99 min 59.9 secs in 0.1 sec steps<br />
Centronix parallel<br />
Digital DC regulated<br />
260 x 450 x 260 mm (10 x 18 x 10 in)<br />
9 kg (19.8 lbs)<br />
Order # Product<br />
BH2 52-9487 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter, 115 VAC, 60 Hz<br />
BH2 52-9495 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter, 240 VAC, 50 Hz<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ For rapid screening of analgesic drugs using rats<br />
(as described by D’Amour and Smith)<br />
Tail Flick Analgesia Meter<br />
This meter measures a rat’s reaction time to radiant energy, from a 150<br />
watt light source. The beam is focused on its tail using a parabolic<br />
reflector. The energy of the light source can be adjusted and the<br />
display indicates, as a percentage, how much energy is being utilized.<br />
An optical sensor is located underneath the focused light source. The<br />
rat should be positioned such that its tail obscures the focused light<br />
source from the sensor. When the system is started, either using the<br />
supplied footswitch or front panel mounted start key the light source<br />
illuminates and a timer starts counting in tenths of a second. When the<br />
rat’s tail flicks, indicating its pain threshold, it uncovers the sensor. This<br />
tail movement turns off the timer and light source. Reaction time can be<br />
read directly from the display in seconds and tenths of a second.<br />
A standard parallel port permits connection to a printer to record the<br />
trial number, energy level and reaction time. A calibration facility allows<br />
the light source to be set to the desired level before commencing with<br />
the experiment.<br />
Mouse version is also available, please contact <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong><br />
Technical Support for details.<br />
36<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Hot Plate Analgesia Meter<br />
BH2 52-8570<br />
Hot Plate Analgesia<br />
Meter with<br />
Footswitch<br />
Specifications<br />
Temperature Range 35° to 65°C<br />
Temperature Stability ±0.3°C<br />
Temperature Control Digital proportional PWM<br />
Timer<br />
Digital readout in 0.1 sec increments<br />
Timer Range<br />
0 to 9 mins 59 secs 9 tenths of a sec<br />
Remote<br />
Momentary make to start/stop<br />
Remote Socket<br />
6.35 mm 2 pole jack<br />
Animal Container Two furnished, large round cylinders<br />
Mains Supply Voltage 115 VAC/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz (factory set)<br />
Dimensions, H x W x D 128 x 275 x 293 mm (5 x 10.8 x 11.5 in)<br />
Weight<br />
4.5 kg (9.9 lb)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Digital display of plate temperature<br />
➤ Digital timer with remote start stop<br />
➤ Accurate temperature control from 35°C to 65°C (±0.3°C)<br />
Order # Product<br />
BH2 52-8570 Hot Plate Analgesia Meter 110 to 115 VAC, 60 Hz<br />
BH2 52-8588 Hot Plate Analgesia Meter 220 to 230 VAC, 50 Hz<br />
Hot Plate Analgesia Meter<br />
The <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> UK Hot Plate Analgesia Meter is a<br />
sophisticated temperature control and timing system, and has been<br />
designed to perform rapid and precise screening of the narcotic type<br />
analgesic drugs (Morphine, Codeine, etc.) according to the Eddy and<br />
Leimback hot plate test. This method evaluates the reaction time of<br />
mice when a heat stimulus is applied to the plantar surface. This<br />
reaction time increases when a central analgesic is administered to the<br />
animal. This system can be used with both mice and rats.<br />
Utilizing a simple user interface the user can quickly and easily set up<br />
the required hot plate temperature and a large easy to read LED display<br />
shows the current temperature.<br />
The timer requires a single press of the Start / Stop Key to start and<br />
another press to stop, with reset automatically executed when timing is<br />
initiated. This function is also duplicated by a remote Start/Stop<br />
footswitch (supplied). The reaction time is again clearly displayed on a<br />
large LED display.<br />
Using digital electronics, the hot plate temperature is constantly<br />
monitored and regulated to ensure the actual temperature and the<br />
desired temperature accurately match. The system also monitors the<br />
heating characteristics of the system and uses this data to minimize<br />
heating overshoot, providing faster temperature stabilization.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
37
Analgesia<br />
Hot-Plate for Evaluating Thermal Analgesia<br />
Hot Plate<br />
Hot Plate<br />
The LE7406 Hot-Plate performs rapid and precise screening of<br />
analgesic drug properties on small-laboratory animals according to the<br />
‘hot-plate test’. The animal’s pain sensitivity alterations induced by a<br />
specific experimental context change and/or genetic manipulations<br />
can also be evaluated through this method.<br />
The hot-plate test, initially described by N.B. Eddy and D. Leimbach<br />
(1953), evaluates thermal pain reflexes due to footpad contact with a<br />
heated surface. During the experiments, the animal is confined in a<br />
removable clear acrylic cylinder where the latency time to the first<br />
hind paw or/and jumping responses are measured.<br />
In the LE7406 Hot-Plate, a thick aluminum plate (10 mm) provides a high<br />
temperature stability and even surface distribution. The plate<br />
temperature can be held at a set point between 45 and 62°C (± 0.1°C) by<br />
multiple proportional feedback circuits that minimize overshoot. A builtin<br />
timer activated by an external foot switch allows precise<br />
measurement of reaction time (0.1 sec precision). A remote foot-switch<br />
controls the test start/stop allowing rapid hands-free experiments. The<br />
operator can read the animal reaction time from the display or from a PC<br />
computer using the SeDaCom software. Trial number, plate temperature<br />
and reaction time are then sent to the PC through a RS-232 port.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Digital set point<br />
➤ Built-in electronic timer<br />
➤ Foot switch timing operation<br />
➤ Computer interface<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Time latency to 'paw licking'<br />
➤ Time latency to 'jumping'<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Base with heating plate<br />
➤ Footswitch<br />
➤ Data transfer software included (SeDaCom)<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Certificate of calibration<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 Thermal printer<br />
Specifications<br />
Base Dimensions<br />
Plate Dimensions<br />
Cylinder Dimensions<br />
Operating Temperature<br />
Reaction Time<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
200 (W) x 300 (D) x 110 (H) mm<br />
200 (D) mm<br />
200 (D) x 250 (H) mm<br />
45 to 62 degrees Celsius; 0.1 steps<br />
3 digits, 0.01 sec increment<br />
Clear methacrylate (animal holder), aluminum (plate)<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and Vista)<br />
1 per computer<br />
(multiple set-ups also available under request)<br />
110V or 220V, 50/60Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0113 LE 7406 Hot-Plate Thermal Analgesia Meter Including<br />
SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE7000 Thermal Printer<br />
Citations<br />
Puentes B et al. (2009) Sigma-1 receptors regulate activity-induced spinal sensitization and<br />
neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain. 145(3):294-303. (mouse, Spain)<br />
Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated to<br />
Costello syndrome. Genes, Brain Behav. 8(1):60-71. (mouse, Spain)<br />
Luvisetto S et al. (2008) Enhancement of anxiety, facilitation of avoidance behavior, and occurrence of adultonset<br />
obesity in mice lacking mitochondrial cyclophilin D. Neuroscience. 155(3):585-596 (mouse, USA)<br />
Sudo RT et al. (2008) The Antinociceptive Activity of a New alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Agonist<br />
(PT-31) in Mice. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: A1455. (Mouse, Brazil)<br />
Camarasa J et al. (2006) Association of caffeine to MDMA does not increase antinociception by<br />
potentiates adverse effects of this recreational drug. Brain Res. 1111:72-82. (mice, Spain)<br />
Grillet N et al. (2005) Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25(10):<br />
4221-4228. (mice, France)<br />
38<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Hot/Cold Plate for Testing Animal Sensitivity<br />
Hot/Cold Plate Anagelsia Meter<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Unmatched temperature stability and control for both hot<br />
and cold<br />
➤ Fast acclimation to set temperatures<br />
➤ Homogeneous temperature surface distribution<br />
➤ BSRamp software will allow the user to define temperature<br />
ramps (slope in °C/min, start and end points) and store results<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Animal reaction time to hot or cold stimulus<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Stimulation Unit LE7420<br />
➤ Footswitch<br />
➤ USB cable<br />
➤ BSRamp software<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ One year warranty<br />
Hot/Cold Plate<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is based on<br />
a metal plate which can be heated to 65°C and cooled to -3°C (with an<br />
ambient temperature between 20°C and 25°C). An electronic<br />
thermostat maintains the plate's temperature and a front panel digital<br />
thermometer displays the current plate temperature.<br />
The animal’s pain sensitivity resulting from exposure to heat or cold is<br />
tested by placing the animal on the surface of the plate and starting a<br />
built-in timer. The operator stops the timer at the instant the animal lifts<br />
its paw from the plate, reacting to the discomfort. The front panel timer<br />
then displays the number of seconds the animal took to react. Animal<br />
reaction time is a measurement of animal resistance to pain and is<br />
used to measure efficacy of analgesics.<br />
The plate is designed to be very simple to use and very fast to reach<br />
the set temperature (as example from ambient to 4°C, the most used<br />
threshold value, it takes less than 10 minutes, and from 4°C to 65°C it<br />
takes only 5 minutes). The Hot/Cold Plate, is accurate to less than 0.5°C<br />
(EEC metrology standard) and perfectly constant in the animal holder<br />
system. The preset temperature will not change for more than 0.1°C<br />
when a 400g rat is placed on the plate, and return to the set<br />
temperature is almost immediate.<br />
In addition, the instrument can be adjusted to be used for<br />
“TEMPERATURE RAMPS”. Predefined by the user, this feature is<br />
mainly used for studies with telemetry implants. In addition to<br />
displaying the reaction time, the Cold/Hot Plate Analgesia Meter is<br />
capable of sending the same via USB interface to a computer.<br />
The operator can start and stop the timer with the front panel<br />
start/stop switch or with the included footswitch, which allows<br />
“hands-free” operation.<br />
Specifications<br />
Temperature Range -3°C to 65°C<br />
(in 20°C to 25°C ambient environment, 50% RH)<br />
Temperature Accuracy<br />
Temperature Uniformity<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Dimensions:<br />
Plate<br />
Weight<br />
Control Unit<br />
Order # Model<br />
±0.5°C<br />
±0.5°C on Plate<br />
110 V/220 V automatic, 100W<br />
165 x 165 mm<br />
305 x 280 x 158 mm<br />
6.5 kg<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0112 LE7420 Hot/Cold Plate Including BSRamp Software<br />
Citations<br />
Noel J et al. (2009) The mechano-activated K+ channels TRAAK and TREK-1 control both warm and<br />
cold perception. EMBO J. 28(9):1308-1318. (mouse, France)<br />
Yalcin I et al. (2009) Differentiating Thermal Allodynia and Hyperalgesia Using Dynamic Hot and Cold<br />
Plate in Rodents. The Journal of pain. 10(7):767-773. (mouse, rat, France)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
39
Analgesia<br />
NEW Thermal Place Preference<br />
Thermal Place Preference<br />
Thermal Place Preference<br />
This behavioral assay will allow monitoring of temperature<br />
preferences, nociceptive thresholds and investigate the role of a given<br />
gene or compound on these thresholds.<br />
As advised by A. Moqrich and published in Moqrich et al (Science<br />
2005, 307: 1468-72), this test allows researchers to work on<br />
unrestrained animals whom are free to choose their preferred position<br />
between two compartments at different temperatures.<br />
Completely investigator-independent, the Two Temperature Choice Test<br />
provides a response without any action from the user and the obtained<br />
value is a threshold temperature of range of temperatures.<br />
Using automatic detection software (optional), the user sets the<br />
temperature of each zone, defines a protocol of temperature changes<br />
or ramps, and starts the measurement process. Two animals can be<br />
observed simultaneously and independently, making the system<br />
remarkable efficient. The animals are video tracked and the software<br />
records their position vs. temperature and time.<br />
When the optional automatic detection software is not used,<br />
temperatures must be defined manually and the user must measure<br />
the time and animal position.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Easily monitor thermal place preference and nociceptive<br />
thresholds<br />
➤ Unrestrained animals allows for maximum accuracy<br />
➤ Optional Automatic Detection Software eliminates the user<br />
subjectivity by establishing an automatic response<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Time spent in each zone<br />
➤ Time of zone trespassing<br />
➤ Temperature of each zone<br />
Options<br />
➤ Automatic detection software – which includes tripod, 3 USB<br />
cables and USB Camera<br />
Specifications<br />
Temperature Range<br />
Temperature Accuracy<br />
Power Supply<br />
Dimensions (L x W x H)<br />
Weight<br />
Animal Cage<br />
Animal Cage Material<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
-3°C to +65°C (room temperature 20 to 25°C)<br />
± 0.3°C<br />
150 Watts, 120/240 VAC<br />
32 x 57 x 45.5 cm (12.6 x 22.4 x 17.9 in) including cage<br />
14 kg (30.9 lbs)<br />
330 x 165 x 300 mm (13 x 6.5 x 11.8 in)<br />
Clear plexiglass<br />
Windows ® XP/Vista/Seven (coming soon)<br />
PC with 1 GO ram and 3 USB ports<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0475 T2CT Thermal Place Preference<br />
BH2 76-0476 T2CTSW Thermal Place Preference Software<br />
40<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
NEW Thermal Gradient Test<br />
Thermal Gradient Test<br />
Independent Thermal Test Demonstrates<br />
Place Preference and Temperature<br />
Comfort Thresholds for Rodents!<br />
As described by Moqrich et al. 2005, our Thermal Gradient Test<br />
monitors thermal nociception completely independently on freely<br />
moving rodents. A continuous temperature gradient (15 to 55°C) is<br />
established over a 125 cm long base plate on which the animal is free<br />
to walk. After an exploration period of acclimation, the animal clearly<br />
shows a distinct zone preference.<br />
Our model is an automated system with maintains the temperature<br />
gradient stable over the surface and over time.<br />
Two models are available testing either 2 mice/1 rat or 4 mice/2 rats.<br />
The accompanying software, coupled to a video camera, displays for<br />
each animal the time spent in each temperature zone, together with<br />
overall distance travelled. The encrypted data and video images are<br />
recorded synchronously in real time during the experiments and the<br />
user is able to replay the files to analyze or review.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Continuous thermal gradient established over a 125 cm long<br />
base plate<br />
➤ Monitor independently and simultaneously 2 mice/1 rat or<br />
4 mice/2 rats with our two different models!<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Up to 20 temperature zones measured per animal<br />
➤ Time spent in each temperatures zone<br />
➤ Temperature of zone over time period<br />
➤ Overall distance travelled<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Two thermal units<br />
➤ Controllers<br />
➤ Cage<br />
➤ Base plate<br />
Specifications<br />
Overall Dimensions (L x W x H):<br />
2 mice/1 rat 139 x 30 x 40 cm (54.7 x 11.8 x 15.6 in)<br />
4 mice/2 rat 139 x 43 x 25 cm (54.7 x 16.9 x 9.8 in)<br />
Overall Weight:<br />
2 mice/1 rat 25 kg (33.1 lbs)<br />
4 mice/2 rat 45 kg (44.1 lbs)<br />
Power Supply<br />
Number of Lanes<br />
Lane Dimensions:<br />
110/220 Volts<br />
2 mice/1 rat Mouse<br />
4 mice/2 rat Rat<br />
2 mice/1 rat 125 x 10 x 15 cm (49.2 x 3.9 x 5.9 in)<br />
4 mice/2 rat 125 x 10 x 12 cm (49.2 x 3.9 x 4.7 in)<br />
Temperature Range<br />
Temperature Stability<br />
System Material:<br />
Base Plate<br />
Walls<br />
Top Cover<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
15 to 55° C at plate surface<br />
20 to 25°, 50% RH at environment<br />
1°C surface, over time<br />
Aluminum Alloy<br />
Gray PPC<br />
Transparent PPC<br />
PC 2Go Ram, Windows ® XP/Vista/Seven<br />
(coming soon) with 3 USB ports, webcam and<br />
mini-USB cables included with system<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 76-0477 TGT2 Thermal Gradient Test, 2 Mice / 1 Rat<br />
BH2 76-0478 TGT4 Thermal Gradient Test, 4 Mice / 2 Rat<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
41
Analgesia<br />
NEW Electronic Von Frey for Evaluating Mechanical Allodynia<br />
NEW & Unique - Electronic Von Frey!<br />
• Internal statistical computations allows direct reading of average<br />
value, standard deviation and variability in subject groups and up<br />
to 100 animals<br />
The electronic model of Von Frey filament combines ease of use and rapidity<br />
for the determination of the mechanical sensitivity threshold in rodents.<br />
The Von Frey filament is applied against the central edge of the animal<br />
hind paw. Paw withdrawal caused by the stimulation is registered as a<br />
response. The corresponding force applied is recorded by the system<br />
and displayed on the large backlighted screen of the Von Frey unit with<br />
a resolution of 0.1 grams.<br />
Different from the procedure using classical Von Frey filaments, the<br />
threshold value can be obtained in only one test, and in a highly<br />
reproducible manner. A foot switch is provided to reset the screen and<br />
carry out rapid hands-free experiments. RSIC software can be used to<br />
automatically record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.<br />
The electronic Von Frey can be supplied with a National Standard Linked<br />
calibration certificate (ISO 9000), and an EMC conformity agreement.<br />
Specifications<br />
Measurement Range<br />
0 to 500 g (5N), 120% overload allowed without<br />
causing any damage to the sensor<br />
Precision:<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Provides objective and accurate data<br />
➤ The threshold value can be obtained in only one test, and in<br />
a highly reproducible manner<br />
➤ Elimination of the problems of filament standardization<br />
➤ Stimulation of areas of equal size<br />
➤ The end-point value is automatically recorded<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Current force applied on the animal paw (grams)<br />
➤ Peak force eliciting an animal response<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Electronic Von Frey unit<br />
➤ 10 disposable plastic tips<br />
➤ 1 spring tip for thresholds between 0 and 10 grams<br />
➤ Footswitch to reset the display to zero<br />
➤ Carrying case for transport<br />
Options<br />
➤ RSIC software<br />
➤ National Standard Linked Calibration Certificate<br />
➤ EMC conformity agreement<br />
Resolution<br />
Accuracy<br />
0.1 g<br />
0.2 g<br />
Temperature Compensation from 0 to 50°C<br />
Statistical Functions<br />
Internal Memory<br />
Power Supply<br />
Weight<br />
Order # Model<br />
Average value and standard deviation are<br />
computed for all the data stored<br />
up to 100 values<br />
110-220 V (other voltages on request)<br />
6.5 kg<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0487 BSBIOEVF3 Electronic Von Frey Complete with<br />
Accessories & Suitcase 110 or 220 VAC<br />
BH2 76-0488 BSBIOEVFD Hard plastic tips, 10 units<br />
BH2 76-0489 BSBIOEVFRS Elastic (spring) tips, 1 unit<br />
BH2 76-0484 BSBIORSIC Data Acquisition RSIC Software Windows ® XP<br />
(dongle & CD)<br />
Citations<br />
Casals-Diaz L et al. (2009) Nociceptive responses and spinal plastic changes of afferent C-fibers in three<br />
neuropathic pain models induced by sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 217(1):84-95. (rat, Spain)<br />
Duale C et al. (2008) Cutaneous Amitriptyline in Human Volunteers: Differential Effects on the<br />
Components of Sensory Information. Anesthesiology. 108(4):714-721 (Human, France)<br />
Laalou FZ et al (2008) Involvement of the Basal Cholinergic Forebrain in the Mediation of General<br />
(Propofol) AnesthesiaAnesthesiology. 108(5):888-896 (Rat, France)<br />
Lefaucheur JP et al (2008) Motor cortex rTMS in chronic neuropathic pain: pain relief is associated with<br />
thermal sensory perception improvement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 79(9):1044-9 (Human, France)<br />
Thibault K et al. (2008) Antinociceptive and anti-allodynic effects of oral PL37, a complete inhibitor of<br />
enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, in a rat model of peripheral neuropathic pain induced by vincristine.<br />
Eur. J. Pharmacol. 600(1-3):71-77. (rat, France)<br />
Vivo M et al (2008) Immediate electrical stimulation enhances regeneration and reinnervation and modulates<br />
spinal plastic changes after sciatic nerve injury and repair. Exp. Neurol. 211(1):180-193 (Rat, Spain)<br />
42<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Takes only seconds to use<br />
➤ Digital Display<br />
➤ Calibrates the infrared emission of Plantar Test to ensure<br />
uniform power flux delivery for all trials<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Stimulus intensity in mW/cm2<br />
Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer<br />
The Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer has been designed to calibrate I.R.<br />
sources, in particular the classic Plantar Test, to make sure they<br />
deliver the same power flux and hence a nociceptive stimulus of the<br />
same intensity.<br />
This Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer is a battery operated, self sufficient<br />
instrument complete with infrared probe, digital meter and adaptors for<br />
the Plantar Test. The Infrared Radiometer enables the experimenter to:<br />
i) Check (and adjust if necessary) the infrared emission. In fact,<br />
the infrared output of the Plantar Test may in the course of one<br />
to two years undergo to 2-3% reduction, due to dust gathered on<br />
the optics, blackening of the infrared bulb, accidental knocks,<br />
aging of components due to thermal cycles, etc. Moreover, in<br />
case the bulb is replaced or the electronics serviced, output<br />
alteration of more significant magnitude, say, 8-10%, may<br />
take place.<br />
ii) Make sure that two or more Plantar-Test units deliver thermal<br />
nociceptive stimuli of exactly the same intensity. Balance them,<br />
if necessary.<br />
iii) Know the infrared energy (1 mW for the duration of 1sec<br />
corresponds to 1 mJ) in absolute terms, a useful information<br />
to compare with any equal or different method/instrument<br />
described in the literature.<br />
The measuring only requires a few seconds. The I.R. probe is<br />
positioned on the Plantar Test after the suitable adaptor is fitted on the<br />
threaded head of its heat-sink. The reading on the digital display gives<br />
the I.R. power output in mW per square centimeter. The calibration, if<br />
necessary, of the I.R. radiation source, is carried out by adjusting the<br />
supply current of the I.R. bulb, see the instruction manuals of the<br />
Plantar Test.<br />
The Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer Complete Package includes:<br />
Digital Heat-Flux Meter (complete with cable/connector & 9V<br />
battery), Plantar Test adaptor and I.R. Probe neatly lodged in a<br />
sturdy plastic case with punched foam lining.<br />
Specifications<br />
Dimensions, H x W x D<br />
Weight<br />
Shipping Weight<br />
11 x 37 x 32 cm (4.3 x 14.6 x 12.6 in)<br />
2.00 kg (4.4 lbs)<br />
3.20 kg (7.1 lbs)<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 72-6703 37300 Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer,<br />
Standard Package<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
43
Analgesia<br />
Plantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ For measurement of hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation in<br />
unrestrained animals<br />
➤ Automatic objective detection of latency to withdrawal<br />
➤ Validity unaffected by repeated testing<br />
➤ Greater bioassay sensitivity than other thermal or<br />
mechanical tests<br />
➤ Each animal can serve as its own control<br />
➤ Dedicated software and memory key included!<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Movable infrared source<br />
➤ Glass pane onto which the animal enclosure is located<br />
➤ Controller<br />
➤ Multiple configuration animal enclosure can be optimized<br />
for mice or rats of any size<br />
Plantar Test<br />
The Plantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method) enables the researcher to<br />
discern a peripherally mediated response to thermal stimulation<br />
caused by drugs in the unrestrained rat or mouse.<br />
The animal is placed into one of the compartments. After an<br />
acclimation period, the infrared source is placed under the glass floor<br />
and is positioned by the operator directly beneath the hind paw. A trial<br />
is commenced by depressing a key which turns on the infrared source<br />
and starts a digital solid state timer.<br />
When the animal feels the stimulus, it will withdraw its paw. The<br />
withdrawal of the paw causes a sudden drop in the reflected radiation<br />
which switches off the infrared source and stops the reaction time<br />
counter. The withdrawal latency is calculated to the nearest 0.1<br />
second. The 3-compartment enclosure has been provided to speed up<br />
the test when a number of animals are involved. In each compartment<br />
the animal is unrestrained.<br />
The Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer 37300 has been designed to<br />
calibrate infrared sources, in particular the Plantar Test.<br />
Calibration Radiometer<br />
Each plantar test is accurately calibrated via an infrared radiometer to<br />
make sure that its infrared source delivers the same power flux<br />
(expressed in mW per square cm) and hence a nociceptive stimulus of<br />
the same intensity.<br />
The end user should consider the Heat-Flow Infrared Radiometer<br />
Model an extremely useful accessory. This Infrared Radiometer is a<br />
battery operated, self sufficient instrument complete with infrared<br />
probe, digital meter and adaptors for the Plantar Test. All parts are<br />
neatly lodged in a sturdy plastic case with punched foam lining.<br />
This Radiometer Enables the Experimenter to:<br />
i) Make sure that two or more Plantar-Test units deliver thermal<br />
nociceptive stimuli of exactly the same intensity.<br />
ii) Know the I.R. energy (1 mW for the duration of 1s corresponds to<br />
1 mJ) in absolute terms, a useful datum to compare with any<br />
equal or different method/instrument described in the literature.<br />
Data Acquisition<br />
The Plantar Test controller stores experimental data internally and can<br />
directly export data to PC USB or serial ports. A memory key is<br />
included for easy transfer and files can be opened in Excel.<br />
Communications are managed by included data acquisition software or<br />
by optional BH2 72-6671 Win-DAS.<br />
44<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Plantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method) (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Starting<br />
Via keys on the I.R. vessel or controller<br />
Infrared Intensity<br />
Adjustable in the interval 10 to 99 (in one digit steps)<br />
Reaction Time<br />
Three-digit LED display, 0.1 second steps<br />
Infrared Bulb<br />
Halogen “Bellaphot”<br />
Calibration<br />
Via appropriate I.R. radiometer<br />
Connection to PC USB<br />
Power Requirement 115/230 V, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA maximum<br />
Operating Temperature 15° to 30°C<br />
Dimensions (assembled) 85 x 40 x 35 cm (33.5 x 15.7 x 13.8 in)<br />
Weight<br />
13.00 kg (28.7 lb)<br />
Shipping Weight<br />
27.50 kg (60.6 lb) approximately<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 72-6692 37370 Plantar Test, Rats and Mice<br />
CITATIONS<br />
Methods Paper:<br />
M.J Field et al. (1999) Detection of Static and Dynamic Components of Mechanical Allodynia in Rat<br />
Models of Neuropathic Pain; Are they Signalled by Distinct Primary Sensory Neurosnes? Pain 83: 303-311<br />
Lembeck, Fred (1999) Epibatine: High Potency and Broad Spectrum Activity on Neuonal and<br />
Neuromuscular Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 359:378-385<br />
Hartmut Buerkle et al. (1999) Experimental Arthritis I nteh Rat Does Not Alter the Analgesic<br />
Potency of Intrathecal or Intraarticular Morphine. Anesth. Analg. 89:403-408<br />
K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner, F. Brown, C. Flores and J. Joris: “A New and Sensitive Method for<br />
Measuring Thermal Nociception in Cutaneous Hyperalgesia.” Pain 32: 77-88, 1988.<br />
Additional Papers:<br />
K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner and J. Joris: “Peripheral Action of Opiates in the Blockade of<br />
Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation” Pain Research and Clinical Management. Vol. 3. Elsevier Science<br />
Publishers, Amsterdam: 55-60, 1988<br />
G. Benneth and Y.K. Xie: “A Peripheral Neuropathy in Rat that Produces Disorders of Pain<br />
Sensation Like Those Seen in Man” Pain 33: 87-107, 1988.<br />
M. Iadarola and G. Draisci: “Elevation of Spinal Cord Dynorphin mRNA Compared to Dorsal Root<br />
Ganglion Peptide mRNAs During Peripheral Inflammation” In: The Arthritic Rat as a Model of Clinical<br />
Pain? by J. Besson and G. Guilbaud (eds.) Elsevier Press, Amsterdam: 173-183, 1988.<br />
A. Costello and K.M. Hargreaves: “Suppression of Carrageenan-Induced Hyperalgesia. Edema and<br />
Hyperthermia by a Bradykinin Antagonist” European J. Pharmacol., 1989.<br />
K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner and A. Costello: “Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) has a<br />
Peripheral Site of Action for Antinociception” European J. Pharmacol., 1989.<br />
J. Hylden, R. Nahin, R. Traub and R. Dubner: “Expansion of Receptive Fields of Spinal Lamina I<br />
Protection Neurons in Rats with Unilateral Adjuvant-Induced Inflamma-tion: The Contribution of<br />
Central Dorsal Horn Mechanisms” Pain 37: 229-244, 1989.<br />
ACCESSORIES<br />
BH2 72-6703 37300 Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer<br />
REPLACEMENT PARTS<br />
BH2 72-6695 37370-003 Platform with Supporting Columns<br />
BH2 72-6696 7370-005 Framed Glass Pane<br />
BH2 72-6698 E-HR002 Spare Bulb<br />
BH2 72-7957 37000-006 Multiple Configuration Animal Enclosure<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
45
Analgesia<br />
Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Models for mice or rats<br />
➤ For the assessment of animal sensitivity to the light touch<br />
of the paw<br />
➤ Computer compatibility, direct connection to a PC<br />
➤ Graphic display<br />
➤ Software included!<br />
➤ Memory key for easy data acquisition<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Movable touch-stimulator unit<br />
➤ Framed metal mesh and base with columns<br />
➤ Modular animal enclosure, offering 3 to 12 spaces<br />
➤ Microprocessor controlled electronic unit<br />
Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer<br />
The Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer consists of a movable forceactuator<br />
below a network platform upon which the operator deposits<br />
the rodent. A Perspex enclosure renders the animal unrestrained for<br />
the duration of the experiment.<br />
The operator places the actuator beneath the paw (proper placement<br />
ensured via an angled mirror) and the actuator confers a use-defined<br />
force on a Von Frey-type filament. The filament exerts an increasing<br />
force to the plantar surface, starting below the threshold of detection<br />
and increasing until the animal removes its paw. At the retraction<br />
reflex movement when the paw is withdrawn, the instrument registers<br />
and displays the actual force at which paw withdrawal occurred.<br />
The Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer is a new instrument for the<br />
assessment of “touch sensitivity” on the plantar surface of the rodents.<br />
Somesthetic (mechanical) stimulation has a long history of effective<br />
clinical use to diagnose pathologies of hyper- or hypo- analgesia, brought<br />
about by drugs, neural pathology or experimental lesions, etc., in model<br />
systems and experimental systems using laboratory animals.<br />
The electronic unit is enclosed into a cylindrical case of original design,<br />
with graphic LCD display, USB port and four membrane switches for<br />
setting experimental parameters. The unit also has an internal memory for<br />
data storage, scrolling screen review, and optional output to PC.<br />
The rat, mouse or other small rodent moves about freely in one of the<br />
compartments of the enclosure, positioned on the metal mesh surface.<br />
Following acclimation after cessation of exploratory behavior, the operator<br />
places the touch-stimulator unit under the animal’s paw, using the adjustable<br />
angled-mirror to position the filament below the target area of the paw. A<br />
START key is provided at both sides of the handle of the touch-stimulator<br />
vessel, to help both left- and right-handed operators, as well as the controller<br />
Pressing START invokes the following automatic sequence:<br />
a. An electro-dynamic actuator of proprietary design lifts a<br />
straight metal filament<br />
b. The filament touches the plantar surface and begins to exert<br />
an upward force below the threshold of feeling<br />
c. The force increases (at your preset rate of application), until a<br />
stop signal is attained. The stop signal is either the animal<br />
removing the paw or the point at which greatest preset force is met.<br />
The actuator filament (0.5 mm diameter) produces force over the entire<br />
range of all typical anesthesiometer test devices. Paw withdrawal reflex is<br />
automatically recorded using two metrics: the latency until withdrawal, in<br />
seconds, and the force at which paw was withdrawn, in grams.<br />
Data Acquisition<br />
The Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer features direct PC output. Internallystored<br />
data can be routed to the PC serial port or USB. Data output is<br />
achieved through the dedicated acquisition package or the optional Win-<br />
DAS Software. This Windows ® based Data Acquisition Software Package<br />
stores the data into individual files which make the date easily exportable to<br />
most statistical analysis packages available on the market.<br />
Each Aesthsiometer is supplied complete with the following components:<br />
Electronic Unit, Touch Stimulator, complete with Filament Actuator and<br />
Adjustable Angled-Mirror, Platform with Supporting Columns, Framed Metal<br />
Mesh Testing Surface, modular Animal Enclosure, Set of Two 0.5 mm Diameter<br />
Stainless-Steel Filaments and Two Calibration Weights (5 & 50 g), Mains Cord,<br />
Set of 2 fuses for either 230V or 115V operation, and Instruction Manual.<br />
Specifications<br />
Starting<br />
Force Range<br />
Force Increasing Rate<br />
Filament Travel<br />
Latency Time<br />
Connection to PC<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Dimensions:<br />
Via keys on the touch-stimulator vessel<br />
0 to 50.0 grams or 0-5 grams in 0.5 g steps<br />
Adjustable in the interval 1 to 20 seconds, in 1 s steps<br />
12 mm<br />
Read-out on the graphic display, in 0.1s steps<br />
Through USB. See DATA ACQUISITION<br />
115 V/230 V, 50/60 Hz, 20 W maximum<br />
Electronic Unit 12 x 26 x 13 cm (4.73 x 10.2 x 5.1 in) (H x W x D)<br />
Assembled Platform<br />
Total Weight<br />
Shipping Weight<br />
Order # Model<br />
40 x 50 x 32 cm (15.75 x 19.7 x 12.6 in)<br />
10.20 kg (22.5 lb)<br />
18.50 kg (40.8 lb), approximately<br />
Product<br />
BH2 72-6704 37450 Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer<br />
ACCESSORIES<br />
BH2 72-6712 37400-321 Set of Two 0.5 mm Diameter Stainless-Steel<br />
Filaments and Two Calibration Weights (5 & 50 G)<br />
46<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Rat Paw Pressure for Evaluating Mechanical Pain<br />
Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia Meter<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Digital display<br />
➤ Pressure increasing rate adjustment<br />
➤ Data transfer software included (SeDaCom)<br />
➤ Footswitch control<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Pressure applied on the paw until the withdrawal or animal<br />
vocalizes (rats)<br />
➤ Pressure applied on the tail until withdrawn (mice)<br />
➤ Pressure applied on the paw until a flexor response of the toes<br />
(mice)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Control unit with RS-232 communication port to PC<br />
➤ Stimulation unit<br />
➤ Pedal switch<br />
➤ Flat and pointed tip points<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 thermal printer<br />
Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia Meter<br />
The Randall & Selitto test is based on determination of the animal<br />
threshold response to pain induced in the paw by the application of a<br />
increasing pressure.<br />
In the LE7306 paw-pressure, a stimulation unit allows the gradual increase<br />
(at selectable rates) of the pressure applied on the animal paw. The<br />
pressure increase is achieved by a step-motor inducing the progressive<br />
advancement of a sliding support with a distal conic tip (1 mm diameter).<br />
The conic point is mounted on an extensiometric load cell, making<br />
possible the visualization on the digital display of the current force applied<br />
at each moment of the test (grams). The motor and tip units are mounted<br />
on a pivoting stand preventing any excess pressure on the animal paw.<br />
The control unit makes possible the adjustment of the force<br />
transducer, balance and reset, as well as the selection of the stepmotor<br />
current speed.<br />
A remote foot-switch controls the motor turn on/off allowing rapid<br />
hands-free experiments. An automatic system is activated once the<br />
distal extreme of the sliding support track is reached or when the<br />
pedal is released at the test ending point. Then, the motor reverse its<br />
rotation at its higher speed, sliding up the conic tip again.<br />
SeDacom software supplied with the unit can be used to automatically<br />
record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.<br />
Specifications<br />
Power Supply<br />
Stimuli Resolution<br />
Maximum Stimuli<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Maximum Number<br />
of Stations<br />
Certifications<br />
Control Unit Dimensions<br />
Stimulation Unit<br />
Dimensions<br />
Order # Model<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
1 gram<br />
999 gram<br />
Methacrylate<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)<br />
1 per computer<br />
(multiple set-ups also availableunder request)<br />
CE Compliant<br />
350 (W) x 350 (D) x 130 (H) mm<br />
150 (W) x 210 (D) x 166 (H) mm<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0234 LE7306 Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia-Meter Including<br />
SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE7000 Thermal Printer<br />
Citations<br />
Fernández-Dueñas V et al (2008) Adjuvant effect of caffeine on acetylsalicylic acid antinociception:<br />
Prostaglandin E2 synthesis determination in carrageenan-induced peripheral<br />
inflammation in rat Eur. J. Pain, 12(Issue 2):157-163 (Rat, Spain)<br />
Célérier E et al. (2006) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in a murine model of postoperative pain: role of<br />
nitric oxide generated from the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anesthesiology 104(3): 546-555. (Pawpressure,<br />
Mice, Spain)<br />
Romero A et al (2005) Anti-exudative effects of opioid receptor agonists in a rat model of carrageenaninduced<br />
acute inflammation of the paw. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 511(2-3):207-217. (Rat, Spain)<br />
Célérier E et al. (2004) Prevention of fentanyl-induced delayed pronociceptive effects in mice lacking<br />
the protein kinase C-gamma gene. Neuropharmacol. 46:264-272. (Tail-pressure, Mouse, Spain)<br />
Al-Naggar TB et al. (2003) Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J.<br />
Ethnopharmacol. 88(1): 63-68. (Rat, Spain)<br />
Gutierrez M et al. (2003) Interactions of acute morphine with chronic imipramine and fluvoxamine<br />
treatment on the antinociceptive effect in arthritic rats. 352(Issue 1): 37-40. (Rat, Spain)<br />
Martin M et al. (2003) Acute antinociceptive responses in single and combinatorial opioid receptor<br />
knockout mice: distinct mu, delta and kappa tones Eur. J. .Neurosci. 17(4):701 (Tail-pressure, Mouse, Spain)<br />
Martin M et al. (2003) Morphine withdrawal is modified in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating<br />
polypeptide type I-receptor-deficient mice. Mol. Brain Res. 110(1):109-118. (Mouse, Spain)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
47
Analgesia<br />
Plethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume<br />
Digital Water<br />
Plethysmometer<br />
Digital Water Plethysmometer<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Computer interface<br />
➤ “Check solution” status button<br />
➤ Conductive solution is easy to prepare or source<br />
➤ Data transfer software included (SeDaCom)<br />
➤ Footswitch control<br />
➤ Automatic zero adjustment<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Paw volume (ml)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Control Unit with RS-232 communication port to PC<br />
➤ Pedal switch<br />
➤ Stimulation unit<br />
➤ Conductive solution (100 ml bottle)<br />
➤ 1ml, 3ml or 5ml cell with electrode<br />
➤ 1ml or 3ml volume gauge<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ Certificate of calibration<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE7000 Thermal printer<br />
The Digital Water Plethysmometer is designed to provide a highly<br />
useful tool in the measurement of small volume changes. This test is<br />
typically used to follow the evolution of the inflammatory response<br />
experimentally induced in rodents and to screen potential antiinflammatory<br />
or anti-oedema properties of pharmacological<br />
substances.<br />
The volume transducer is formed by two Perspex tubes interconnected<br />
and filled with a conductive solution and a platinum electrode for each<br />
chamber. All the system is supported by a stand (included) that can be<br />
placed over the control unit.<br />
The water displacement produced by the immersion of the animal paw<br />
in the measuring tube is reflected into the second tube, inducing a<br />
change in the conductance between the two platinum electrodes. The<br />
Plethysmometer Control Unit detects the conductance changes and<br />
generates an output signal to the digital display indicating the volume<br />
displacement measured (0.01 ml resolution). The current value remains<br />
in the digital display until a new trial starts. The Control Unit is<br />
automatically zeroed between successive readings, thus making<br />
intermediate adjustments unnecessary.<br />
The system includes as standard a volume transducer with its related<br />
calibrator and a 100 ml solution. A remote footswitch allows rapid<br />
hands-free experiments and can be used to set control the end point of<br />
the measurement. SeDaCom software supplied with the unit can be<br />
used to automatically record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.<br />
48
Analgesia<br />
Plethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume (Continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Control Unit Dimensions<br />
Stimulation Unit<br />
Dimensions<br />
Power Supply<br />
Starting<br />
Resolution<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Material Composition<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Certifications<br />
280 (W) x 280 (D) x 110 (H)<br />
230 (W) x 220 (D) x 300 (H)<br />
220 V/110 V, 50/60Hz<br />
By panel key or pedal switch<br />
3 digits, 0.01 steps<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)<br />
Clear methacrylate (cell), stainless steel (stand),<br />
platinum (electrode)<br />
1 per computer (multiple set-ups also available<br />
under request)<br />
CE compliant<br />
Citations<br />
Bignotto L et al. (2009) Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene on carrageenan-induced paw oedema and<br />
hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 102:126-133 (rat, Brazil)<br />
Gupta et al. (2009) Anti-arthritic activity of various extracts of Sida rhombifolia aerial parts.<br />
Natural Product research: Formerly Natural Product Letters. 23(8):689-695. (rat, India)<br />
Jegede IA et al. (2009) Investigation of phytochemical, anti inflammatory and anti nociceptive properties<br />
of Ipomoea asarifolia leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3(3):160-165. (Rats, Nigeria)<br />
Sujatha K et al. (2009) Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of bis(indolyl)methanes.<br />
Indian Journal of Chemistry. 48B(02):267-272. (Rats, India)<br />
Bhandari SV et al. (2008) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and nitric oxide releasing of some novel<br />
non-steroidal ibuprofen analogs in animal models. Pharmacologyonline 2: 572-587. (Mouse, India)<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0220 LE7500 Digital Water Plethysmometer Including<br />
3 ml Cell and SeDaCom Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0221 LE7504 1 ml Cell with Electrode<br />
BH2 76-0222 LE7505 5 ml Cell with Electrode<br />
BH2 76-0223 LE7503 3 ml Cell with Electrode<br />
BH2 76-0224 LE7506 Platinum Electrode<br />
BH2 76-0225 LE75301 1 ml Calibrator for Plethysmometer<br />
BH2 76-0226 LE75303 3 ml Calibrator for Plethysmometer<br />
BH2 76-0114 LE7000 Thermal Printer<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
49
Analgesia<br />
NEW Dynamic Weight Bearing Test<br />
Measuring the Postural Equilibrium on Freely Moving Rodents<br />
Dynamic Weight<br />
Bearing Test<br />
Analysis and replay can be performed on-site or remotely. Replaying the<br />
experiment with the recorded video file allows the operator to further<br />
complement the posture and behavior of the animal, enhancing the<br />
interest of the test. During this time, the user can check and secure each<br />
limb recognition. The weight distribution of the animal, per limb, is shown<br />
in the result window for each time period with the mean and variation<br />
coefficient. All data is presented in the Excel file.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Measure independently the weight bore by each limb of a<br />
freely moving animal<br />
➤ Data capture allows for analysis and replay to be performed<br />
for user validation of data<br />
➤ Accuracy and resolution insured by an initial calibration<br />
➤ High throughput possible in this minimal stress to the animal<br />
hardware<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Weight bore on each limb, averaged and coefficient of<br />
variation<br />
➤ Time period, mean and coefficient of variation<br />
➤ Raw data is encrypted (GLP) and recorded with a sampling<br />
rate of 10 Hz including synchronized video recording<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Animal cage<br />
➤ One sensor<br />
➤ USB interface<br />
➤ Webcam<br />
➤ Software<br />
Dynamic Weight Bearing Test<br />
Newly developed, our Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, features a floor<br />
instrumented cage. This allows independent measurement of the weight<br />
bore by each limb for the freely moving animal.<br />
This system accuracy and resolution are ensured via a metrological<br />
calibration performed prior to the data capture. During the data capture,<br />
the raw data for each paw are synchronized with the images from a video<br />
camera and the averaged values are encrypted and recorded on a PC<br />
through a USB link along with the sampling rate of 10 Hz.<br />
Specifications<br />
Overall Dimensions (L x W x H cm):<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Overall Weight:<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Power Supply<br />
Animal Cage Internal Dimensions:<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Sensor Accuracy:<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Sensor Resolution:<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Sensor Range:<br />
Mouse<br />
Rat<br />
Cage Material:<br />
Floor<br />
Walls and top cover<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
17 x 17 x 12 cm (6.7 x 6.7 x 4.7 in)<br />
30 x 30 x 25 cm (11.8 x 11.8 x 9.8 in)<br />
1 kg (2.2 lbs)<br />
2.5 kg (5.5 lbs)<br />
From PC USB port<br />
11.5 x 11.5 x 11.5 cm (4.5 x 4.5 x 4.5 in)<br />
25 x 25 x 24 cm (9.8 x 9.8 x 9.5 in)<br />
1 g<br />
1 g<br />
0.2 g<br />
0.2 g<br />
15 to 100 g<br />
100 to 500 g<br />
Gray PPC<br />
Transparent PPC<br />
Pentinum PC 2 Go Ram, Windows ® XP/Vista<br />
with 2 USB ports minimum<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0474 DWB-M Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0497 DWB-R Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, Rat<br />
50<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Analgesia<br />
Incapacitance Meter<br />
Incapacitance Tester<br />
The current value of the weight applied on each sensor cell is shown<br />
on the LCD display of the LE7950 control unit in a user-selected unit<br />
(grams, Newton or oz/lbs). A remote footswitch controls the test<br />
start/stop allowing rapid hands-free experiments. The control unit also<br />
allows to compute and display statistics (mean, SD) for the groups of<br />
animals under test during the measurements. No PC is required for<br />
running the Incapacitance Test, although the possibility is given to<br />
send collected data from the instrument to a PC through the integrated<br />
RS-232 interface SeDaCom.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Assess spontaneous pain in absence of the application any<br />
experimental noxious or non-noxious stimulus<br />
➤ Specially designed animal holders (mouse and rat) to get<br />
relevant results more rapidly<br />
➤ Data given using user selected unit (grams, Newton, ounces,<br />
or pounds)<br />
➤ Easy and precise instrument<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Current value of the weight applied on each sensor<br />
➤ Mean value calculated in an user-defined interval of time<br />
Incapacitance Meter<br />
The Incapacitance test represents an unsurpassed method for<br />
assessing spontaneous pain in laboratory animal model with<br />
inflammation or nerve injury in one hind paw (neuropathy, incision etc).<br />
Indeed, classic measurements of nociceptive thresholds as used in<br />
most of the experimental studies allows assessment of only a pain<br />
sensitivity level, not a spontaneous pain level, in the absence of<br />
experimental nociceptive stimuli.<br />
In the incapacitance test, the animal is located in a holder specially<br />
designed to maintain the animal comfortably positioned on two<br />
separated sensor plates. The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Incapacitance<br />
tester enables then to quantify the spontaneous postural changes<br />
reflecting spontaneous pain by independently measuring the weight<br />
that the animal applies each hind paw on two separate sensors. In the<br />
absence of hind paw injury, rats applied equal weight on both hind<br />
paws, indicating a postural equilibrium. After unilateral hind paw tissue<br />
injury, a change in the weight distribution on the sensor can be<br />
detected, with a lower weight applied by the injured paw.<br />
Specifications<br />
Resolution<br />
Average<br />
Overpressure<br />
Control Unit Dimensions<br />
Communications<br />
Order # Model<br />
0.05 gr<br />
1 to 300 seconds<br />
2000 gr<br />
17 x 25 x 10 cm<br />
RS-232 (USB)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0115 LE7900 Incapacitance Test Sensor<br />
BH2 76-0116 LE7920 Incapacitance Test Holder, Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0117 LE7930 Incapacitance Test Holder, Rat<br />
BH2 76-0118 LE7950 Incapacitance Test Control Unit,<br />
Includes SeDaCom<br />
Citations<br />
Laboureyra E et al. (2009) Long-Term Pain Vulnerability After Surgery in Rats: Prevention by<br />
Nefopam, an Analgesic with Antihyperalgesic Properties. Anesth. Analg. 109:623-631. (rat, France)<br />
Liu S et al. (2009) Combination of Microsurgery and Gene Therapy for Spinal Dorsal Root Injury Repair.<br />
Mol. Ther. 17(6):992-1002. (rat, France)<br />
Rivat C et al. (2008) Polyamine deficient diet to relieve pain hypersensitivity. Pain. 137(1):<br />
125-137 (Rat, France)<br />
Richebé P et al. (2009) Ketamine Improves the Management of Exaggerated Postoperative Pain<br />
Observed in Perioperative Fentanyl-treated Rats. Anesthesiology. 102(2):421-428. (rat, France)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
51
Analgesia<br />
Pressure Application Measurement<br />
Pressure<br />
Application<br />
Measurement<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ User controlled application of pressure directly to the joint<br />
➤ Automatic recording of limb withdrawal<br />
➤ Resolution of 0.1g (6% maximum gram force)<br />
➤ Maximum gram force up to 1500 grams!<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Gram force<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Electronic unit<br />
➤ Joint Transducer, 5mm<br />
➤ Joint Transducer, 8mm<br />
➤ Software<br />
➤ Foot pedal<br />
Pressure Application Measurement<br />
The new Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) device offered by<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> is a novel, easy to use tool for measuring<br />
mechanical pain threshold in experimental joint hypersensitivity<br />
models in rodents.<br />
The PAM device has been designed and validated specifically for the<br />
mechanical stimulation and assessment of joint pain, and therefore is<br />
especially useful in studying arthritis. The PAM device applies a<br />
quantifiable force for direct stimulation of the joint and for automatic<br />
readout of the response.<br />
The operator simply wears a special force sensor on the thumb and<br />
measures the force which elicits the animal’s response, normally limb<br />
withdrawal.<br />
Each PAM device comes standard with two force sensors, which have<br />
been specially designed to apply force to rat and mouse joints. The<br />
area stimulated using the small sensor is 5mm diameter, useful for<br />
mice. The large sensor has an 8mm diameter area of contact and is<br />
useful in stimulating either mice or rat joints.<br />
The electronic unit is compact and connects to the mains power or<br />
can be battery-operated for maximum flexibility. The internal batteries<br />
for this device may be recharged by USB connection to a PC and<br />
recharging occurs simultaneously with its operation. A foot pedal<br />
switch is provided for manual score of the peak force applied.<br />
The PAM device has an internal memory for data storage and also<br />
includes dedicated software.<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 72-6172 38500 PAM Pressure Application Device<br />
Citations<br />
Barton NJ (2007) Pressure application measurement (PAM): A novel behavioural technique for<br />
measuring hypersensitivity in a rat model of joint pain. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 163, 67-75<br />
52<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning & Memory<br />
Guide<br />
Learning refers to the process by which relatively<br />
permanent changes occur in behavioral potential as a<br />
result of experience. Memory is the process by which the<br />
learned information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved.<br />
During the two last centuries, the study of learning and<br />
memory have been central to three disciplines: philosophy,<br />
psychology and biology. These in turn have contributed to<br />
highlighting the complexity of these concepts.<br />
The most common theoretical classification of memory<br />
distinguishes its forms on the basis of information storage<br />
duration; short-term memory (properly defined as the<br />
ability to store information temporarily, for seconds, before<br />
it is consolidated into long-term memory), long-term<br />
memory (properly defined as the ability to learn new<br />
information and recall this information after some time has<br />
passed) and working memory (used to refer to the<br />
temporary maintenance of information that was just<br />
experienced or just retrieved from long-term memory but<br />
no longer exists in the external environment).<br />
Another manner to classify forms of memory is based on the<br />
nature of the information and how it is aquired. On the one<br />
hand, declarative memory involves explicit information<br />
about facts and associations with other events, and must be<br />
recalled to consciousness to be used. On the other hand,<br />
procedural memory is related to the knowledge of rules of<br />
action and procedures, which can become automatic and<br />
unconscious with repetition. Procedural memory itself is<br />
often parceled as associative and non-associative learning.<br />
Non-associative learning classically refers to habituation<br />
(decreased response to a repetitive presentation of a<br />
stimulus) and sensitization (enhanced response to many<br />
different stimuli after experiencing an intense or noxious<br />
one). In associative (or Pavlovian) learning, an animal learns<br />
that two stimuli are associated with each other (classical<br />
conditioning) or that a response is associated with a given<br />
event/consequence (operant conditioning).<br />
From a historical perspective, Ivan Pavlov was the first<br />
experimenter to research classical conditioning. Starting as a<br />
simple physiological experiment with canines, his studies<br />
turned out to be the discovery of what is now known as<br />
conditioning, more specifically, classical conditioning.<br />
James Watson was the pioneer psychology theorist that<br />
translated the ideas of Pavlov’s classical conditioning to<br />
humans. B.F. Skinner brought a new face into the world of<br />
behaviorism with his work on Operant Conditioning, which is<br />
very similar to classical conditioning but includes reinforcers.<br />
After a response occurs, due to a certain stimulus, reinforcers<br />
(positive or negative) are inserted that will increase or diminish<br />
the probability that the behavior may occur again.<br />
Throughout evolution, mammals have developed such that<br />
their brains can acquire and store information about objects<br />
and situations, for short and long periods of time, using<br />
multiple sensory modalities. As a consequence, behavioral<br />
tasks have been developed in laboratory animals,<br />
attempting to characterize a number of the different types<br />
of information stored and the neuroanatomical structures<br />
used to do so. It is necessary to remember that although an<br />
experimenter may intend to evaluate a particular form of<br />
memory, other memories may interfere or enhance the<br />
measures of memory taken. Moreover, learning and<br />
memory are multifaceted. As a consequence, a complete<br />
understanding of the impact of a particular drug or genetic<br />
manipulation cannot be achieved if only one type of<br />
behavior or memory system is investigated. The greater the<br />
number of behavioral domains tested, the better the<br />
understanding of the specific actions of drugs and genes.<br />
Memory and learning deficits, which severely alter quality of<br />
life, appear with normal aging and are associated with<br />
numerous diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, brain<br />
damage, Huntington’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s<br />
Disease and HIV among others. Studying learning and<br />
memory neurobiological mechanisms is therefore essential<br />
to find efficient therapeutic strategies. To do so, various<br />
behavioral tasks have been developed in laboratory rodents<br />
and are largely validated. These are commonly used to<br />
assess many aspects of learning and memory abilities in<br />
response to drug administration and to study their<br />
neurobiological mechanisms.<br />
53
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Passive Avoidance<br />
Passive Avoidance paradigms require the<br />
subjects to behave contrary to their innate<br />
tendencies for preference of dark areas and<br />
avoidance of bright ones. The apparatus<br />
chamber used in this test is composed of a<br />
black and a white compartment. Typically,<br />
during the conditioning phase, an aversive<br />
stimulus, i.e. a mild footshock, is administered<br />
when the subject enters into the dark<br />
compartment (conditioning phase). Thus, the<br />
conditioned response is given by the avoidance<br />
of this compartment while it is more attractive<br />
for the subject, in the test phase and memory<br />
performance is positively correlated to the<br />
latency to enter into the dark compartment.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Quick procedure for studying shortand<br />
long-term memory<br />
Classical conditioning (stimulus response learning)<br />
Hippocampal independent process<br />
Involves animal inhibiting its behavior in order<br />
to avoid shock (different from active avoidance<br />
procedures)<br />
Ideal test for first screening<br />
Simple to setup and use<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Requires footshock administration which can be<br />
stressful to the subject<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Active Avoidance<br />
In the Active Avoidance paradigm, subjects<br />
learn to avoid an aversive stimulus by initiating<br />
a specific locomotor response. In this task,<br />
animals are placed in a two-compartment<br />
shuttle box and have to learn the association<br />
between a conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. light)<br />
and an unconditioned stimulus (US, e.g.<br />
footshock). Subjects give a conditioned<br />
response when they avoid receiving the shock,<br />
by moving to the opposite compartment during<br />
the CS presentation (avoidance response). If<br />
animals do not act, a foot shock is delivered,<br />
but can be avoided by moving to the opposite<br />
compartment (escape response).<br />
This test is also used for assessing depressivelike<br />
symptoms in animals involved in a “learned<br />
helplessness procedure”. In this context, the use<br />
of a previously inescapable shock session has<br />
profound and long-lasting disruptive effects on<br />
the ability of the animals to learn to escape<br />
shocks. This escape deficit can be prevented by<br />
administering antidepressants.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Associative learning (operant conditioning),<br />
short- and long-term memory<br />
Provides procedures for testing acquisition,<br />
consolidation and retention processes<br />
Gives index of learning progression (evolution<br />
curves of performance)<br />
Standard test for Phenotyping<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Requires foot shock administration which can be<br />
stressful for the animal<br />
Fear and anxiety influence avoidance<br />
Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot<br />
shock perception<br />
➤<br />
Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with<br />
avoidance/escape responses<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
54<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Morris Water Maze<br />
The Morris Water Maze is the most common<br />
test used to evaluate cognitive functions. It is<br />
typically used to identify drugs, genetic<br />
manipulations, or other experimental<br />
conditions that alter spatial memory in rodents.<br />
This task uses a circular pool of water in which<br />
a small platform is submerged beneath the<br />
surface and is based on the innate tendency of<br />
rodents to escape from water. Following<br />
several trials, when placed in the maze,<br />
subjects learn the platform location, using<br />
external visual cues. Latency and distance<br />
travelled to reach the platform are inversely<br />
correlated to memory performance, so are<br />
increased in animals with spatial memory<br />
impairments. Different kinds of protocols can<br />
be used for evaluation of non-spatial memory<br />
processes (cued version).<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Radial Maze<br />
The Radial Maze task utilizes the natural<br />
tendency of food-deprived rodents to learn and<br />
remember different spatial locations for food in<br />
an eight-arm radial maze. The large choice of<br />
protocol configurations available in this task<br />
have been proven to be very useful in<br />
assessing neurobehavioral bases for learning<br />
and memory. In the procedure to assess<br />
reference memory, only some arms are baited<br />
at the beginning of the session. First entry into<br />
a non-baited arm constitutes a reference<br />
memory error and repeated entries to a baited<br />
and non-baited arms are defined as a working<br />
memory error.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Spatial memory and non-spatial memory,<br />
working and reference memory<br />
Gives index of learning progression<br />
(evolution curves of performances)<br />
Standard test for Phenotyping<br />
Extremely sensitive to hippocampal lesions<br />
and aging<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
No odor guidance cues<br />
More complex and realistic task compared to a<br />
binary choice such as the T or Y maze<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Labor intensive experiment<br />
Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with<br />
swimming displacements<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
➤ Spatial memory and non-spatial memory, working<br />
and reference memory<br />
➤ Gives index of learning progression (evolution<br />
curves of performances)<br />
➤ Robust performance, can be tested across a large<br />
range of delays<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Requires food deprivation that may represent a<br />
major drawback for its use in knock-out mice<br />
Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with<br />
arm exploration<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
55
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Spontaneous Alternation<br />
The Spontaneous Alternation Task is used to<br />
assess spatial working memory in rodents and is<br />
based on the innate tendency of rodents to<br />
explore a prior unexplored arm or a T- or Y-<br />
maze. Thus, a rodent typically remembers<br />
which arm it has just visited. Two types of<br />
procedures are classically described. In a first<br />
procedure, the subject is allowed to freely<br />
explore the maze. Alternation behavior, defined<br />
as consecutive entries into each of the three<br />
arms without repetition, is measured. In another<br />
procedure, the subject is placed at the end of the<br />
start arm of a T- or Y-maze and is allowed to<br />
explore one of the two other arms. The subject<br />
is then returned to the start arm and will<br />
typically choose to explore the alternate arm,<br />
which corresponds to a correct choice.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Delayed Alternation Task<br />
The Delayed Alternation Task allows assessing<br />
spatial working memory in a T- or Y-maze. In<br />
the first trial of the test, the animal is placed at<br />
the end of the start arm and has to choose<br />
between the two other arms that are baited.<br />
Once the choice is made, the subject is removed<br />
and after a variable delay, is returned to the start<br />
arm. In this second trial, the one baited arm is<br />
now the opposite arm to which was chosen<br />
during the first trial. The animal has to make a<br />
different choice than its first one (correct choice)<br />
to get the reward.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Spatial working and reference memory<br />
Simple task (binary choice)<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Spatial and non- spatial working memory<br />
Standard test for phenotyping<br />
Simple to setup and use<br />
Quick procedure<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Requires food deprivation<br />
➤ May represent a laborious procedure<br />
(difficult to automate)<br />
➤ Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with<br />
arm exploration<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with<br />
arm exploration<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
56<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Fear Conditioning<br />
Fear Conditioning is a form of Pavlovian<br />
learning that involves making association<br />
between stimuli and their aversive<br />
consequences. This task is based on the<br />
conditioning of a response to fear consisting in<br />
a complete lack of movements, i.e. the freezing<br />
behavior. During a training phase, the animal<br />
is exposed to a conditioned stimulus (tone or<br />
light), paired with a mild footshock<br />
(unconditioned stimulus). After a delay, the<br />
context-dependent fear is evaluated by<br />
measuring freezing behavior in subjects<br />
replaced in the same apparatus without<br />
tone/light presentation.<br />
Cued-dependent fear is reflected by measuring<br />
freezing in response to tone/light presentation<br />
in a distinct chamber. These tasks challenge<br />
different areas of the brain.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Associative learning (classical conditioning),<br />
short- and long-term memory<br />
Allows assessing memory dependent on<br />
hippocampus (contextual fear conditioning) or not<br />
(cue-dependent fear conditioning)<br />
Standard test for phenotyping<br />
Conditioning task<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Requires footshock which can be stressful for<br />
the animal<br />
Fear and anxiety influence the freezing response<br />
Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot<br />
shock intensity perception<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Fear Potentiated Startle Reflex<br />
The Fear Potentiated Startle Reflex test is a<br />
paradigm in which amplitude of a simple reflex<br />
is increased when presented with a cue that<br />
has been previously paired with an aversive<br />
stimulus. In the training phase, subjects are<br />
exposed to several light footshock pairings in a<br />
startle box. Later, in the test phase, acoustic<br />
startling stimuli are presented consecutively to<br />
the light cue. If the association between the<br />
light cue and the foot shocks has been learned<br />
correctly in the training phase, light cue prior<br />
exposure increases the startle response.<br />
Inversely, in subjects with alteration of learning<br />
and memory abilities, prior presentation of the<br />
light cue does not change the startle response.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Associative learning, short- and long-term memory<br />
Non-operant procedure<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Requires footshock which can be stressful to<br />
the animal<br />
Needs intact sensorimotor gating<br />
Fear and anxiety influence the startle response<br />
Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot<br />
shock intensity perception<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
57
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Object Recognition Test<br />
The Object Recognition Test is based on the<br />
natural tendency of rodents to investigate novelty.<br />
In the training phase of the task, subjects are<br />
allowed to freely explore objects in an<br />
experimental arena. After a delay, two objects,<br />
including the known one and a novel, are<br />
presented to the subject in the test phase. The<br />
choice to explore the novel object reflects the use<br />
of the recognition memory processes.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Short- and long-term memory<br />
Not dependent upon the hippocampus<br />
Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects<br />
Standard test for phenotyping<br />
Simple to setup and use<br />
Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Social Recognition Test<br />
The Recognition Test is based on the natural<br />
tendency of rodents to investigate a novel<br />
congener instead of a familiar one. In this task,<br />
a first phase consists in presenting a congener<br />
the experimental subject. In a second phase,<br />
the experimental subject is exposed to two<br />
congeners, including the known one and a<br />
novel one. Observations of social interactions<br />
classically show that the experimental subject<br />
preferentially investigate the unknown<br />
congener. This innate tendency involves intact<br />
social interactions and memory processes.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Allows studying both social and memory processes<br />
➤ Short- and long-term memory for social information<br />
and cues that identify individual subjects<br />
➤ Requires amygdale dependent and<br />
hippocampal-independent processes<br />
➤ Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects<br />
➤ Standard test for phenotyping<br />
➤ Simple to setup and use<br />
➤ Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
58<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
5-Choice Serial Reaction<br />
Time Task<br />
The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5CSRT) Task<br />
is commonly used to evaluate attention<br />
performance using visual discrimination in<br />
laboratory animals. It represents a conditioning<br />
paradigm, involving intact attention processes.<br />
In this test, the subject has to learn to respond to<br />
a brief illumination of one of the five openings,<br />
by poking its nose inside the correct hole in<br />
order to obtain a food reward. More the rules<br />
are learned by the subject, more the time spent<br />
to get the reward, as well as the number of<br />
errors are decreased. These parameters give<br />
information about the functional integrity of<br />
attention and learning processes and are mostly<br />
altered in animal models of Schizophrenia and<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Allows studying both social and memory processes<br />
➤ Short- and long-term memory for social information<br />
and cues that identify individual subjects<br />
➤ Requires amygdale dependent and<br />
hippocampal-independent processes<br />
➤ Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects<br />
➤ Standard test for phenotyping<br />
➤ Simple to setup and use<br />
➤ Does not require prior food deprivation<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Classically used in rats and more recently<br />
adapted for mice<br />
Long and laborious procedure<br />
Requires prior food and drink deprivation<br />
Changes in behavioral output can be brought by<br />
many non-cognitive factors, such as alteration of<br />
locomotor activity, vision, anxiety level<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
DMTP/DNMTP<br />
The Delayed-Matching to Position/Not-to-<br />
Position Task measures the ability of subjects<br />
to learn a rule in which they have to associate<br />
the position of a stimulus previously presented<br />
and an action for getting a reward. At the start<br />
of each trial, one of two retractable levers is<br />
presented to the subject while in an operant<br />
chamber. The subject has to press the lever for<br />
indicating that the sample has been registered.<br />
After a delay (fixed or variable), both levers are<br />
presented simultaneously. In the DMTP version<br />
of the task, the subject has to press the same<br />
sample lever as the one presented before the<br />
delay to receive the reward, whereas in the<br />
DNMTP version, the subject has to press the<br />
opposite lever. The number of correct<br />
responses indicates the subject’s learning and<br />
memory performance.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Short- and long-term memory, procedural and spatial<br />
working memory<br />
Operant conditioning<br />
No olfactory or spatial uncontrollable cues<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Requires prior food deprivation<br />
Influenced by non-specific effects on<br />
attention processes<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Autism<br />
Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
59
Learning & Memory Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Social Interaction Test<br />
The social interaction test by pairs provides a<br />
popular and standard paradigm to study general<br />
social behavior. This test consists in allowing<br />
the experimental subject freely exploring an<br />
unfamiliar congener in its home cage or in a<br />
neutral environment. Social exploration is<br />
measured by the time spent by the experimental<br />
subject around the congener as well as the<br />
amount and duration of behaviors that compose<br />
social interaction (e.g. sniffing, following,<br />
grooming, biting, mounting, wrestling…). Social<br />
avoidance behavior is used in a wide variety of<br />
models, for instance, for assessing neophobia<br />
anxiety and depression-like behavior.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Classic social interaction test widely used<br />
in literature<br />
Can be completed quickly<br />
Simple to setup and use<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Difficult to automate<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Autism<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Neophobia<br />
Anxiety<br />
Depression<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Social Transmission of Food<br />
Preference Test<br />
Social transmission of food preference is a test<br />
that is used in rodents to assess memory<br />
processes as well as social interaction ability.<br />
This test is based on the fact that rodents are<br />
able to learn about potential food sources by<br />
sampling those sources on the breath of liter<br />
mates. This task requires a demonstrator,<br />
previously exposed to a scented food, which<br />
interacts with an observer to transmit its food<br />
exposure experience. If social transmission of<br />
food preference has occurred, the observer will<br />
preferentially consume the same diet that was<br />
fed to the demonstrator when confronted with<br />
a choice.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Allows studying both social and memory processes<br />
➤ Evaluates ability to learn about the safety of food<br />
from its fellow liter mates<br />
➤ Assessing long-term odor memory and<br />
consolidation studies<br />
➤ Does not require exposure to aversive stimuli<br />
➤ Standard test for phenotyping<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Influenced by non-specific effects on olfaction<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Alzheimer’s Disease<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
60<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Attention<br />
Guide<br />
Attention is fundamental to the processing of information<br />
that occurs during learning and memory. Attentional<br />
processes enable subjects to efficiently perceive or focus<br />
on certain environmental stimuli and to ignore others.<br />
Attention is not a unitary concept and consists of several<br />
distinct mechanisms:<br />
• SUSTAINED ATTENTION (OR VIGILANCE):<br />
A continuous focus for the detection of rare events<br />
• DIVIDED ATTENTION:<br />
Several stimuli are simultaneously monitored<br />
• SELECTIVE (FOCUSED) ATTENTION:<br />
Focus on a restricted number of stimuli,<br />
while ignoring the rest<br />
In practice, many situations require a mixture of these<br />
different processes. Impairments of attention processes<br />
result in severe cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions and<br />
are found in various pathologies, In particular in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity<br />
disorder (ADHD), the most commonly<br />
psychiatric disorder of childhood. Moreover, deficits in<br />
attention are commonly associated with schizophrenia,<br />
autism and with age-related decline of memory<br />
performances. Whereas attention processes have largely<br />
been characterized in humans, experimental studies of<br />
neurobiological mechanisms in humans are limited. In this<br />
way, various behavioral tests used in humans have been<br />
developed in animals, in particular in laboratory rodents,<br />
allowing advances in attention-relative knowledge and<br />
growth of efficient therapeutic strategies.<br />
61
Attention Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
5/9 Holes Box<br />
The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Times (5CSRT)<br />
task is commonly used to evaluate attention<br />
performance using visual discrimination in<br />
laboratory animals. It represents a conditioning<br />
paradigm, involving intact attention processes.<br />
In this test, the subject has to learn to respond<br />
to a brief illumination of one of the five<br />
openings, by poking its nose inside the correct<br />
hole in order to obtain a food reward. 5-Choice<br />
Serial Reaction Time Test: The more the subject<br />
learns the rules, the more time they spend<br />
obtaining the reward and also the number of<br />
errors are decreased. These parameters give<br />
information about the functional integrity of<br />
attention and learning processes and are mostly<br />
altered in animal models of schizophrenia and<br />
Alzheimer’s disease.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Widely used in literature to study visual<br />
discrimination and attention<br />
Involves associative learning, procedural memory<br />
and operant conditioning<br />
Allows the exploration of a wide variety of<br />
cognitive processes<br />
Robust performance and specific responses<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Classically used in rats and more recently adapted<br />
for mice<br />
Long and laborious procedures<br />
Requires prior food and drink deprivation<br />
Changes in behavioral output can be brought by<br />
many non-cognitive factors, such as alteration of<br />
locomotor activity, vision, and anxiety level<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Autism<br />
Neurodegenerative diseases related to aging<br />
Alzheimer’s<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Startle Reflex<br />
Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) paradigm is commonly<br />
used to evaluate sensorimotor gating as well as<br />
attention processes involved in information<br />
selection processing. The startle response is a<br />
brainstem reflex elicited by an unexpected<br />
acoustic or tactile stimulus. In the prepulse<br />
inhibition test, sensorimotor gating is assessed<br />
by evaluating the characteristics of the innate<br />
reduction fo the startle reflex induced by a<br />
weak pre-stimulus. This test measures preattentive<br />
processes that operate outside of<br />
conscious awareness and is widely used in<br />
animal models of diseases marked by inability<br />
to inhibit or “gate” irrelevant information in<br />
sensory, motor or cognitive domains.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Resproduces the same paradigm used in humans to<br />
detect attention and sensorimotor gating disorders<br />
Objective measurement: automated detection fo<br />
startle reflex<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)<br />
Influenced by non-specific effects on<br />
sensorimotor gating<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<br />
Schizophrenia<br />
Autism<br />
Obsessive compulsive disorder<br />
Huntington’s Disease<br />
Nocturnal enuresis<br />
Tourette Syndrome<br />
62<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Shuttle Box for Active and Passive Avoidance<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Active Box (Shuttle Box)<br />
➤ Control Unit with RS-232 communication port<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ Motorized door to convert Active Box into Passive Box<br />
➤ Sound Attenuating Box<br />
➤ LE2708 avoidance programmer including shocker<br />
➤ ShutAvoid software to control up to 8 active or passive boxes<br />
➤ LE10026 shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Highly sensitive weight transducer system for accurate<br />
animal detection<br />
➤ Easy to set up different wall shapes and colors<br />
➤ Optional guillotine door for passive avoidance<br />
➤ Compartments with independent grid floor<br />
➤ Front and top doors for easy access inside the box<br />
➤ Up to 8 active boxes can be controlled simultaneously<br />
from one PC<br />
➤ Neither PC interface nor PC cards are required<br />
➤ Safety system which guarantees that the shock intensity<br />
received by the animal is always the same value<br />
independently of the grid bars treaded<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Latency to entrance into the black compartment<br />
(passive avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of conditioned responses<br />
(active avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of unconditioned responses<br />
(active avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of null responses (active avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of none responses (active avoidance)<br />
➤ Number of compartment changes during the intertrial<br />
intervals (active avoidance)<br />
➤ Latency mean and accumulated responses sorted by<br />
interval of time<br />
Shuttle Box<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Shuttle Boxes LE916 (Rats) and LE918<br />
(Mice) provide the ideal environment to carry out conditioned reflexes<br />
(Active and Passive Avoidance) in learning and memory studies.<br />
The Shuttle Box (LE916-918) consists of two equally sized<br />
compartments with two independent grid floors. A front door, in<br />
addition to the top ones, allows an easy access inside the box. The<br />
cage contains a general sound generator and a visual stimulus (light)<br />
for each compartment.<br />
The animal is detected by two weight transducers located above the<br />
static grids, avoiding the problems inherent to photoelectrical or grid<br />
tilting systems (high speeds of displacements in mice, tail detection<br />
in rats).<br />
Our Shuttle Box is thought to be easily set up and dismantled. Therefore,<br />
reconverting it to traditional Passive Box is quite straightforward by<br />
adding a sliding door (LE916D for mice or LE918D for rats). It is also<br />
possible to set up different wall shapes or colors in order to further<br />
condition the subject of study either visually or spatially.<br />
The Shuttle Boxes can be controlled by Programmer LE2708 or our<br />
software, ShutAvoid. SeDaCom software is included for transferring data<br />
from the programmer to a PC through a RS-232 port. The connection is<br />
direct between the programmer and PC. No PCI card is needed! The link<br />
is carried out by one only cable from one box to the other. The first box<br />
is connected to PC or laptop by the RS-232 port or USB.<br />
The second option is suitable for controlling a number of boxes<br />
simultaneously.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
63
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Shuttle Box for Active and Passive Avoidance (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Cage Dimensions:<br />
LE916 Rat<br />
LE918 Mouse<br />
Minimum Weight<br />
Detected<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
(withSeDaCom)<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations (with ShutAvoid)<br />
Connection of Several<br />
Units to PC<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Supply<br />
Order # Model<br />
510 (W) x 250 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal; 580 x 360 x<br />
305 mm external<br />
590 (W) x 190 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal; 580 x 360 x<br />
305 mm external<br />
10 grams (Mouse Box); 40 grams (Rat Box)<br />
Methacrylate, aluminum, stainless steel<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)<br />
8 stations connected to a PC<br />
Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.<br />
One cable connects all units to the PC<br />
CE compliant<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0250 LE916 SHUTTLE BOX with Static Floor<br />
(Needs Shocker) Rat<br />
BH2 76-0251 LE918 SHUTTLE BOX with Static Floor<br />
(Needs Shocker) Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound Attenuating Box<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0252 LE916D Guillotine Door for Rat Shuttle Box LE916<br />
and Make it Capable to Run Passive<br />
Avoidance Experiments<br />
BH2 76-0253 LE918D Guillotine Door for Mouse Shuttle Box LE918<br />
and Make it Capable to Run Passive<br />
Avoidance Experiments<br />
Citations<br />
Dagnino-Subiabre A et al. (2009) Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the rat medial geniculate<br />
nucleus: Effects on auditory conditioning Behavioural Brain Research 203(1):88-96 (rat, Chile)<br />
Johannesson M et al. (2009) A resource for the simultaneous high-resolution mapping<br />
of multiple quantitative trait loci in rats: The NIH heterogeneous stock. Genome Res. 2009 19: 150-<br />
158. (Rat, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)<br />
Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison among<br />
heterogeneous rats and the Roman rat strains. Behav. Brain. Res. 202(1):92-101. (active<br />
avoidance, rat, Spain)<br />
Mendez M et al. (2009) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepatic<br />
encephalopathy. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):346-351. (active and passive avoidance, rat, Spain)<br />
Valverde O et al. (2009) GPR3 receptor, a novel actor in the emotional-like responses. PLoS One.<br />
4(3):e4704. (mice, Spain, Belgium)<br />
Martin-Garcia et al (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deteriorates<br />
passive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neuroscience.<br />
154(4):1497-1505 (rat, Spain)<br />
Mendez et al. (2008) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepatic<br />
encephalopathy. Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 198, Issue 2, 17 March 2009, Pages 346-351.<br />
(Rat, Spain)<br />
Rueda N et al. (2008) Effects of chronic administration of SGS-111 during adulthood and during the<br />
pre- and post-natal periods on the cognitive deficits of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome.<br />
Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 188, Issue 2, 9 April 2008, Pages 355-367 (mice, Spain)<br />
Ruiz-Medina J et al (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation improves memory consolidation in rats with<br />
little training. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 89(4):574-581 (rat, Spain)<br />
Trigo JM et al (2008) MDMA modifies active avoidance learning and recall in mice. Psychopharmacol.<br />
197:391-400 (mouse, Spain)<br />
Andero R et al. (2007) Electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in freely<br />
moving awake rats: Time- and site-specific effects on two-way active avoidance conditioning.<br />
Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 87(4):510-521 (rat, Spain)<br />
Bura SA et al. (2007) Genetic and pharmacological approaches to evaluate the interaction between<br />
the cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in cognitive processes. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 March; 150(6):<br />
758–765. (mice, Spain, Belgium)<br />
Quiroz-Padilla MF et al. (2007) Effects of parafascicular excitotoxic lesions on two-way active<br />
avoidance and odor-discrimination. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. (rat, Spain)<br />
Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2007) Fearfulness in a large N/Nih genetically heterogeneous rat stock:<br />
Differential profiles of timidity and defensive flight in males and females. Behav. Brain Res. 188(1):41-<br />
55 (rat, Spain)<br />
Millan M et al. (2007) A preferential dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor antagonist and potential<br />
antipsychotic agent. III. Actions in models of therapeutic activity and induction of side-effects. J.<br />
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (rat, France)<br />
Soriano-Mas C et al. (2007) Intracranial self-stimulation after memory reactivation: Immediate and<br />
late effects. Brain Res. Bull. 74(1-3):51-57 (rat, Spain)<br />
Bura SA et al. (2007) Genetic and pharmacological approaches to evaluate the interaction between<br />
the cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in cognitive processes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 150(6): 758-765.<br />
(active avoidance, mouse, Spain).<br />
BH2 76-0201 LE2708 AVOIDANCE PROGRAMMER with Shocker<br />
BH2 76-0202 SHUTAVOID PC SOFTWARE to Control up to 8<br />
Active/Passive Boxes<br />
BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,<br />
0-2 mA Output<br />
64<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
ShutAvoid Software for Active & Passive Avoidance<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD with USB protection key<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Shuttle Box, see pages 63 – 64<br />
➤ Passive Avoidance Box, see pages 80 – 81<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Good for both Active and Passive Avoidance<br />
➤ Experimental chambers can be controlled independently<br />
➤ Our unique test mode enables immediate and reliable<br />
box checking<br />
➤ The program runs automatically when the animal is detected<br />
in the cage<br />
➤ Animal position and current data can be visualized online<br />
➤ Provides integrated data<br />
➤ Analyze data in user-defined intervals of time<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number and latency of conditioned responses<br />
(Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of unconditioned responses<br />
(Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of null responses (Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Number and latency of responses during intertrial<br />
(Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Number of compartment crossing during the intertrial interval<br />
(Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Mean of the responses latencies (Active Avoidance)<br />
➤ Latency to enter into the black compartment<br />
(Passive Avoidance)<br />
SHUTAVOID Software<br />
SHUTAVOID software is an implemented version of the Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong><br />
<strong>Apparatus</strong> SHUTTLE-8 software offering a user-friendly interface to conduct<br />
Active and Passive Avoidance procedures in an automated manner.<br />
The Software SHUTAVOID controls up to 8 Shuttle Boxes or Passive Cages<br />
independently. The software detects how many cages are physically present<br />
and activates the corresponding windows. The system includes a test mode<br />
to enables immediate and reliable checking of the box features to ensure all<br />
of the elements of the experimental chamber are functioning.<br />
The program controls the presentation of visual and acoustic stimuli<br />
and shock duration, at the same time that it records the position of the<br />
experimental animal in each compartment of the experimental cage,<br />
deciding about stimuli presentation accordingly.<br />
Unlimited number of schedules can be defined and used either by common or<br />
different experimental cages. The protocol editor allows the configuration of<br />
all the basic parameters necessary to set an active and passive avoidance<br />
experiment: habituation period, duration of the inter-trial interval (fixed or<br />
randomized), activation and duration of the conditioned stimulus (light,<br />
sound or both), activation, latency and duration of the unconditioned stimulus<br />
(electrical shock), latency for considering the response as “null”, door status<br />
(open/closed), number of trials, cut-off time for response etc…<br />
The program runs automatically when the animal is detected in the cage<br />
(independently for each cage). During the acquisition of data, information<br />
about the protocol state, animal position and current data can be visualized<br />
for each cage on the corresponding control window.<br />
Data related to each of the observed animal responses are stored into result<br />
files that pick up the information acquired during the working session. The data<br />
files can be open and re-analyzed to generate ASCII-coded reports in which the<br />
information is summarized for each trial or groups of trials (user-defined).<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
65
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
ShutAvoid Software for Active & Passive Avoidance (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for the<br />
protection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxes<br />
connection (a USB-Serial adapter included in the<br />
software pack can be used when a RS-232 serial<br />
port is not available)<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
System Requirements Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0202 ShutAvoid PC Software to Control up to 8 Shuttle Boxes<br />
or Passive Avoidance Boxes<br />
Citations<br />
Dagnino-Subiabre A et al. (2009) Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the rat medial geniculate<br />
nucleus: Effects on auditory conditioning. 203(1):88-96. (fear conditioning, rat, Chile, USA)<br />
Johannesson M et al. (2009) A resource for the simultaneous high-resolution mapping of multiple<br />
quantitative trait loci in rats: The NIH heterogeneous stock. Genome Res. 19:150-158. (rat, Spain)<br />
Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison among<br />
heterogeneous rats and the Roman rat strains. Behav. Brain. Res. 202(1):92-101. (active avoidance,<br />
rat, Spain)<br />
Mendez M et al. (2009) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepatic<br />
encephalopathy. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):346-351. (active and passive avoidance, rat, Spain)<br />
Martin-Garcia et al (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deteriorates<br />
passive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neuroscience.<br />
154(4):1497-1505 (rat, Spain)<br />
66<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Circular Pool for Evaluating Learning and Memory<br />
Circular Pool<br />
Atlantis<br />
Circular Pool<br />
Morris Water Maze is for spatial working memory studies. The circular<br />
pool is manufactured in polypropylene and stands on a support with<br />
four wheels for easier displacement.<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> proposes a complete solution for water<br />
maze settings since the heater, the water circulation pump, the level<br />
controller and the electro valve for pool filling are containing in a<br />
unique control box. The level controller acts directly on the electro<br />
valve, turning it off when the liquid arrives to the corresponding height.<br />
The water temperature is thermostated between 22°C and 32°C<br />
depending on the environmental room temperature. Two easily<br />
interchangeable platforms are supplied (80 and 110 mm) that can be<br />
located anywhere in the pool.<br />
For Aquatic Radial Water Maze, a removable-floating eight radial-arm<br />
maze structure and associated platforms can be provided upon request.<br />
Both Morris and Radial Water Mazes may be associated with our Video-<br />
Tracking Systems for detection and analysis of animal displacements and<br />
behavior throughout the test. Please refer to chart below.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Polyproylene pool<br />
➤ Complete system, all in one station (water pump, thermostat<br />
and tubing all included)<br />
➤ Control box controlling the water temperature (thermostated<br />
between 22-32˚C depending of the environmental conditions)<br />
➤ Easily adaptable platform size depending of the animal size<br />
➤ Support with 4 wheels for better displacement<br />
➤ Ideal environment to carry out the Morris and Aquatic Radial<br />
Maze studies<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Circular pool with support (with wheels for easier displacement)<br />
➤ Water pump<br />
➤ Heater, electro valve and level controller<br />
➤ Set of 2 target islands<br />
➤ Set of 2 spare fuses<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Parameter Measured<br />
Latency Time to Raise the Target/Platform<br />
Permanence Time and Distance Travelled<br />
in Quadrants<br />
Total Distance Travelled<br />
Latency Time to the First Entrance to<br />
Target/Platform<br />
Target/Platform Crossings<br />
Resting/Floating Time with<br />
User-Defined Threshold<br />
Stopping Time on Target/Platform<br />
Wishaw's Error<br />
Mean Directionality<br />
Average Distance to Target/Platform<br />
Chronological Sequence of the Visits<br />
in the Zones<br />
Permanence Time in Each Arm<br />
Number of Entries Into Each Arm<br />
Distance Travelled in Each Arm<br />
And Other Integrated Parameters Not Directly<br />
Related to Water Maze Experiment<br />
Video Tracking<br />
System Suggested<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
SMART<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
67
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Circular Pool for Evaluating Learning and Memory (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Heater Intensity<br />
Heating Speed<br />
Temperature<br />
Power Requirements<br />
Certifications<br />
3000 W<br />
3° celsius / hour (model LE820-200)<br />
22-32 degrees celsius (depending on environment)<br />
110/220 V / 50Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0020 LE820-90* Circular Pool; 90 cm (D) 50 cm (H)<br />
BH2 76-0021 LE820-120* Circular Pool; 120 cm (D) 60 cm (H)<br />
BH2 76-0022 LE820-140* Circular Pool; 140 cm (D) 60 cm (H)<br />
BH2 76-0023 LE820-170* Circular Pool; 170 cm (D) 60 cm (H)<br />
BH2 76-0024 LE820-200* Circular Pool; 200 cm (D) 60 cm (H)<br />
* Including Heater, water pump, level controller, electro valve and LE820-500 Island Se<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0025 LE820-500 Island Set (110 and 80 mm Diameter Platforms)<br />
BH2 76-0026 LE820-300 Automatic Island 'Atlantis' (controlled by<br />
Smart Video Tracking Software)<br />
BH2 76-0027 LE772 Aquatic Radial Maze<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART Advanced Video-Tracking Software*<br />
BH2 76-0029 SMART JUNIOR Standard Video-Tracking Software<br />
Citations<br />
Arqué G et al. (2008) Impaired Spatial Learning Strategies and Novel Object Recognition in Mice<br />
Haploinsufficient for the Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinase-1A (Dyrk1A). PLoS ONE 3(7):<br />
e2575. (water maze, mouse Spain)<br />
Ruiz-Medina J et al. (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a spatial learning and<br />
memory task in the Morris water maze. Neuroscience. 154(2): 424-430. (water maze, rat, Spain)<br />
Zhang T et al . (2007) Impairments in water maze learning of aged rats that received dextromethorphan<br />
repeatedly during adolescent period. Psychopharmacol. 191(1):171-179 (rat, South Korea)<br />
Cho HJ et al. (2006) Repetitive dextromethorphan at adolescence affects water maze learning in<br />
femal rats. Int. J. Neurosci. 116(2): 91-101 (water maze, rat, Korea)<br />
Zhang TY et al. (2006) Impairments in water maze learning of aged rats that received<br />
dextromethorphan repeatedly during adolescent period. Psychopharmacol. 5 in process<br />
(water maze, rat, South Korea)<br />
Gimenez-Llort L et al. (2005) Mice lacking the adenosine A1 receptor have normal spatial learning<br />
and plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, but they habituate more slowly. Synapse. 57(1):<br />
8-16. (mouse, Spain, USA, Sweden)<br />
Calza L et al. (2003) Neural stem cells and cholinergic neurons: regulation by immunolesion and<br />
treatment with mitogens, retinoic acid, and nerve growth factor. PNAS 100(12): 7325-7330. (rat, Italy)<br />
Anisman H and McIntyre DC (2002) Conceptual, spacial, and cue learning in the morris water maze in<br />
fast or slow kindling rats: attention deficit comorbidity. J. Neurosci. 22(17):7809-7817. (rat, Canada)<br />
Altafaj et al. (2001) Neurodevelopmental delay, motor abnormalities and cognitive deficits in<br />
transgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (minibrain), a murine model of Down's syndrome. Human Mol.<br />
Genetics 10(18): 1915-1923. (Morris water maze, mouse, Spain)<br />
Wickman K et al. (2000) Brain localization and behavioral impact of the G-protein-gated K+ channel<br />
subunit GIRK4. J. Neurosci. 20(15): 5608-5615. (mouse, USA)<br />
Economy Circular Pools<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> also offers an economy line of circular pools.<br />
These economy models feature:<br />
• Pools nested in a custom swivel caster cart with wheel brakes<br />
• Elevated to make the pool more accessible<br />
• Side drains for quick emptying and clean up<br />
• Island set included - 4" diameter x 12" height<br />
* Requires BH2 76-0501 Frame Grabber Board<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 72-6055 60135 Economy Water Maze, Mouse<br />
(4 ft diameter)<br />
BH2 72-6056 60136 Economy Water Maze, Mouse/Rat<br />
(5 ft diameter)<br />
BH2 72-6059 60235 Economy Water Maze, Rat<br />
(6 ft diameter)<br />
68<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Radial Maze for Evaluating Working and Reference Memory<br />
Radial Maze<br />
A water version of our Radial Maze is also available (see our circular<br />
pool product pages 67 and 68 - or contact us for more details).<br />
Parameter Measured<br />
Chronological sequence of animal<br />
positioning in the radial maze<br />
Monitoring<br />
System Suggested<br />
MazeSoft-8 and SMART<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Allows automated standard experiments<br />
➤ Different possibilities of control for opening and closing the<br />
doors (manual or automated)<br />
➤ Different possibilities for animal detection (photoelectric<br />
cells or video-tracking)<br />
➤ Mounted on a tripod of adjustable height<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Radial Maze<br />
➤ LE766/8 Control unit (except LE760 and LE762)<br />
➤ PCI interface (only when LE766/8 in combination with<br />
MAZESOFT-8 or SMART)<br />
➤ 8 food baskets (one at each arm's end)<br />
➤ Tripod<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Radial Maze<br />
Our Eight Arms Radial Maze is extensively used in behavioral<br />
laboratories for evaluating spatial memory but also non-spatial memory<br />
associated with motivational cues (classically food).<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Radial Maze consists in a central area<br />
with eight sliding doors giving access to eight equally-sized arms. The<br />
maze, made of black plexiglas, is mounted on a tripod with adjustable<br />
height (1m max). Each arm has lateral walls with a height higher on the<br />
proximal side of the arm than on the distal side. On the distal extreme<br />
of each arm, a detachable recessed cup can be installed or replaced<br />
by cover (all included).<br />
The sliding doors can be opened and closed manually or automatically,<br />
with two options in both cases.<br />
• Manual doors operation can be made by the user in-site, by<br />
means of a mechanical thread system with pulley or off-site, by<br />
using a control unit with eight switches, one for each sliding door.<br />
• Automated doors operation can be controlled by the animal<br />
position throughout the test using the MAZESOFT-8 software<br />
associated with photoelectrical cell mounted on the Radial<br />
Maze and the corresponding control units, or using the SMART<br />
Video-Tracking System.<br />
Time of entry in each zone<br />
Current position<br />
Total number of entries in each zone<br />
Total number of reference and working memory<br />
Other integrated parameters: number of visits<br />
into the arms, response latency, etc…<br />
Specifications<br />
Radial Maze Dimensions:<br />
Rat<br />
Mouse<br />
Position Detection<br />
Technique<br />
Sliding Doors Operation<br />
Material Composition<br />
Aquatic Radial Maze<br />
Dimensions<br />
Power Requirement<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
(W) x 1690 (D) x 1250/1450 (H) mm<br />
(W) x 867 (D) x 1250/1450 (H) mm<br />
IR beams in the arms, weight cell in the<br />
central island or SMART Video Tracking<br />
Manually or automated w/MAZESOFT-8 or SMART<br />
Methacrylate, aluminum, stainless steel<br />
138 (W) x on request (D) x 250 (H) mm<br />
110/220 V, 50/60 Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0227 LE760 Standard Radial Maze, Rat<br />
BH2 76-0228 LE762 Standard Radial Maze, Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0229 LE767* Automated Radial Maze, Rat with SMART<br />
BH2 76-0230 LE769* Automated Radial Maze, Mouse with SMART<br />
BH2 76-0231 LE766 Automated Radial Maze, Rat<br />
(requires MAZESOFT-8)<br />
BH2 76-0232 LE768 Automated Radial Maze, Mouse<br />
(requires MAZESOFT-8)<br />
BH2 76-0027 LE772 Aquatic Radial Maze (To Be Used Along with<br />
Circular Pool, Must be Ordered Separately)<br />
* Includes PCI7200 when SMART is to control the sliding doors<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking Software<br />
BH2 76-0144 MAZESOFT-8 MAZESOFT-8 Software<br />
MazeSoft-8 and SMART<br />
MazeSoft-8 and SMART<br />
MazeSoft-8 and SMART<br />
MazeSoft-8 and SMART<br />
MazeSoft-8<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
69
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
MAZESOFT-8 Software for Learning and Memory<br />
MAZESOFT-8<br />
Key Features<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
➤ Complete and easy to-use for standard experiment<br />
➤ Use of photoelectrical cell technology for animal<br />
position detection<br />
➤ Manual or automatic control of the doors<br />
➤ Provides integrated parameters (number of errors, number of<br />
distinct arms visited, etc)<br />
➤ Data reports can be reorganized according to factors entered in<br />
the trial header (animal, groups, etc)<br />
➤ Data exportation to Excel<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Duration of the experiment<br />
➤ Current position of the animal<br />
➤ Number of working memory errors (repeated “visit” in the<br />
baited arms)<br />
➤ Number of reference memory (number of “visit” in the<br />
unbaited arms)<br />
➤ Total number of visited arms<br />
➤ Response latency (total duration of the experiment / total<br />
number of visited arms)<br />
➤ Number of different arms visited during the experiment<br />
(between 0 and 8)<br />
➤ Number of arms visited until an 'error' (last arm visited included)<br />
➤ List table showing the chronological order of the visited arms<br />
and entries into the arms<br />
➤ List table showing the chronological order of the entries into<br />
the different zones of the radial maze<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD and<br />
USB protection key<br />
➤ PCI-7200<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Radial Maze, see page 69<br />
MAZESOFT-8 Software<br />
MAZESOFT-8 is complete and easy-to-use software for monitoring<br />
radial maze experiments. It has been specially designed to work with the<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Radial Maze and is equipped with rows of<br />
infrared photocells for the automated detection of animal position.<br />
The software allows for the full control of the arm doors either<br />
manually (by means of a button panel in the computer screen) or<br />
automatically, when a trained subject is being tested.<br />
MAZESOFT-8 allows the user setting any of the standard protocols for<br />
the study of working and reference memory in laboratory animals. The<br />
protocols are easy to configure, the user only has to enter some<br />
important parameters: designation of the baited arms, conditions to<br />
stop the experiments, time-interval between each trial, doors<br />
monitoring mode, criterion for considering the arm visited. Each<br />
protocol configuration can be saved and opened for use when<br />
necessary. A “trial header” can be use for recording all the necessary<br />
information associated with the current experiment (code of trial,<br />
experimenter, challenge, dose, subject identification, comments).<br />
In MAZESOFT-8, the maze is virtually divided into 17 sections: 8 equally<br />
sized arms (each one divided into proximal and distal section) and a<br />
central area. One experiment can be composed of several trials,<br />
depending on the number of experimental groups and animals per<br />
group used in the study. The system considers an arm being visited<br />
when the subject has been detected in the distal part of the arm.<br />
During each trial, the elapsed time, permanence time in each area and<br />
current position of the animal can be visualized in real-time. Real-time<br />
information about the animal position and the number of visits made are<br />
also graphically shown on the screen. A Runtime data panel shows the<br />
cumulated number of working and reference memory errors together<br />
with other important data (response latency, number and list of visits<br />
and entries into the arms etc.)<br />
MAZESOFT-8 provides a summary data table containing the complete<br />
information about each session (subject name, group, date) together<br />
with all the integrated data of interest. The tables of session can be<br />
reorganized before exportation according to parameters previously<br />
entered in the trial header (by subjects, by groups, by experimenter,<br />
etc). Data from the summary database as well as the detailed<br />
chronological listing of the animal positions for each session can be<br />
easily exported to Excel.<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer<br />
Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit bus<br />
master expansion slot available and 1 free USB<br />
for the protection key.<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true colour RGB display.<br />
System Requirements Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0144 MAZESOFT-8 MAZESOFT-8 Software<br />
70<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Startle and Fear Combined System<br />
Startle and Fear Combined System<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Combined system for startle/freezing<br />
➤ Combined system for mice/rats<br />
➤ Weight transducer sensitivity optimized<br />
➤ Different spacial context configurations available for fear<br />
conditioning paradigms<br />
➤ Accurate and traceable data<br />
➤ No PCI cards required - has USB connection, one cable links all!<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Time of experiment at which each inactivity event has<br />
occurred (FREEZING)<br />
➤ Duration of each inactivity event (FREEZING)<br />
➤ Summary table of the total amount of freezing in each state of<br />
the experiment (FREEZING)<br />
➤ Number and duration of freezing episodes in each user-defined<br />
intervals of time (FREEZING)<br />
➤ Maximum amplitude of startle response (STARTLE)<br />
➤ Latency until the maximum amplitude of startle response<br />
(STARTLE)<br />
➤ Duration of the startle response (STARTLE)<br />
➤ Latency until the beginning of the startle response (STARTLE)<br />
➤ Average of the startle response (STARTLE)<br />
➤ Mean startle values for each trial type (STARTLE)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Experimental Chamber<br />
➤ Sound Proof Box<br />
➤ Load cell amplifier<br />
➤ Station interface<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ Shock Generator<br />
➤ Air Puff Unit<br />
➤ STARTLE Software<br />
➤ FREEZING Software<br />
Startle and Fear Combined System<br />
The StartFear Combined system is a polyvalent system for conducting<br />
both fear conditioning and startle reflex experiments in one enclosure,<br />
regardless of the species (from 15 g to 500 g).<br />
The StartFear system allows recording and analysis of the signal<br />
generated by the animal movement through our unique high sensitivity<br />
weight transducer system.<br />
The analog signal is transmitted to the FREEZING and STARTLE<br />
software modules through the load cell unit for recording purposes<br />
and posterior analysis in terms of activity/immobility (FREEZING) or<br />
startle response characterization (STARTLE).<br />
An additional interface associated with corresponding hardware<br />
allows controlling the stimuli (light, sounds, shock, air puff) from the<br />
STARTLE and FREEZING software modules.<br />
The StartFear cage is made with black methacrylate walls and a<br />
transparent front door. In fear conditioning experiment, the walls, cover<br />
and floor can be of different materials or colors. A transparent cylinder<br />
can be placed into the experimental chamber in order to modify the<br />
contextual spatial perception of the subject during the test phase.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
71
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Startle and Fear Combined System (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Chamber Dimensions<br />
Material Composition<br />
Maximum Number<br />
of Stations<br />
Sounds Frequency<br />
and Amplitude<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Supply<br />
Soundproof Box<br />
Dimensions<br />
Order # Model<br />
250 (W) x 250 (D) x 250 (H) mm<br />
Methacrylate, aluminum, stainless steel<br />
8 stations connected to a PC<br />
PrePulse/pulse: adjustable from 200 to10000 Hz -<br />
max 120 dB; white noise: from 60 to 120 dB<br />
CE compliant<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
670 (W) x 530 (D) x 550 (H) mm<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0280 LE116 FREEZING AND STARTLE Threshold Sensor<br />
including Sound Attenuating Box<br />
Citations<br />
Viosca J et al. (2009) Enhanced CREB-dependent gene expression increases the excitability<br />
of neurons in the basal amygdala and primes the consolidation of contextual and cued fear memory.<br />
Learn Mem. 16(3):198-209. (Fear conditioning, mice, Spain)<br />
Markram K et al. (2008) Abnormal fear conditioning and amygdala processing in an animal model of<br />
autism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(4):90-112. (Rats, Switzerland)<br />
Cordero MI et al. (2007) Stress amplifies memory for social hierarchy. Front. Neurosci. 1(1): 175-184<br />
(rat, Switzerland)<br />
Lopez-Fernandez MA et al. (2007) Upregulation of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in<br />
the Dorsal Hippocampus after Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Involved in Long-Term Memory<br />
Formation. The Journal of Neuroscience. 27(17): 4552-4561. (Rats, France, Switzerland)<br />
Markram K et al. (2007) Amygdala upregulation of NCAM polysialylation induced by auditory fear<br />
conditioning is not required for memory formation, but plays a role in fear extinction.<br />
Neurobiology of learning and memory. 87(4): 573-582. (Rats, Switzerland)<br />
Poirier R et al. (2007) Paradoxical role of an Egr transcription factor family member, Egr2/Krox20, in<br />
learning and memory Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 1(art 6): 1-12. (Mice, France)<br />
Toledo-Rodriguez M et al. (2007) Stress before puberty exerts a sex- and age-related impact on<br />
auditory and contextual fear conditioning in the rat. Neural Plast. In Press. (Rats, Switzerland)<br />
Markram K et al. (2006) Selective learning and memory impairments in mice deficient for<br />
polysialylated NCAM in adulthood. Neuroscience. 144(3): 788-796. (Mice, Switzerland)<br />
BH2 76-0235 LE117M Mouse Holder for Startle Reflex<br />
(Animal Weight Required)<br />
BH2 76-0236 LE117R Rat Holder for Startle Reflex<br />
(Animal Weight Required)<br />
BH2 76-0281 LE111 Load Cell Amplifier (One for Each Chamber)<br />
BH2 76-0282 LE118 Stimuli Interface Unit (1 Chamber)<br />
BH2 76-0283 LE1188 Stimuli Interface Unit (up to 8 Chambers)<br />
BH2 76-0284 STARTLE Software to Control up to 8 Stations<br />
for Startle Reflex Studies<br />
BH2 76-0099 FREEZING Software to Control up to 8 Stations<br />
for Fear Conditioning Studies<br />
BH2 76-0404 FREEZINGGLP Freezing SW-GLP<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,<br />
0-2 mA Output<br />
BH2 76-0286 LE119 Air Puff Unit<br />
BH2 76-0328 LE115 Contextual Kit for Fear Conditioning<br />
72<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
STARTLE Software for Automated Startle Reflex Studies<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Combined Startle and Fear System, see pages 71 – 72<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Optimized animal movement detection for small animals!<br />
➤ Versatile software allowing the configuration of a wide<br />
variety of protocols<br />
➤ Sound frequency and amplitude controlled by software<br />
➤ Synchronized running<br />
➤ Provides a subject database as an alternative to manually<br />
managing subject information<br />
➤ Provides traceable data for GPL compliance<br />
➤ Records and stores the analog signals for further analysis<br />
➤ No PCI cards required - has USB connection<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Maximum amplitude of startle response<br />
➤ Latency until the maximum amplitude of startle response<br />
➤ Duration of startle response<br />
➤ Latency until the beginning of startle response<br />
➤ Average of the startle response<br />
➤ Mean startle values for each trial type<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
Options<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
➤ Tailor-made experimental configuration setups upon request<br />
STARTLE software<br />
STARTLE is powerful and user-friendly software featuring a protocol<br />
editor. This allows the experimenter to build a wide variety of different<br />
protocols enabling the configuration of both standard (startle reflex<br />
habituation, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex, fear-potentiated startle<br />
reflex) and unusual user-defined protocols.<br />
The software can run up to 8 chambers simultaneously and in a<br />
synchronized manner. The software also provides standardized data<br />
(maximum amplitude and latency to maximum) in an automated manner.<br />
Two activity thresholds can also be set for an accurate user-controlled<br />
evaluation of additional such as duration, average or latency to the<br />
onset response.<br />
The run window shows the signal chart and corresponding raw data<br />
table online for every chamber. In each table, information about the<br />
status of the protocol is shown, together with the important<br />
parameters of the execution. Both signal chart and raw data table can<br />
be saved and reloaded for recalculating parameters using different<br />
activity thresholds.<br />
As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives and<br />
instruction, STARTLE has been built in order to obtain traceable data: i.e.<br />
each session recorded can be linked to the corresponding experimental<br />
data (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer<br />
Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
System Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not<br />
supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for the<br />
protection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxes<br />
connection (a USB-Serial adapter included in the<br />
software pack can be used when a RS-232 serial<br />
port is not available)<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PC<br />
integrated standard sound card (DirectX<br />
compatible, RMS at least 0.5 Volts)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0284 STARTLE Software to Control up to 8 Stations<br />
for Startle Reflex Studies<br />
Citations<br />
Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated to<br />
Costello syndrome. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 8(1):60-71. (Startle, mouse, Spain)<br />
Ortiz-Abalia J et al. (2008) Targeting Dyrk1A with AAVshRNA attenuates motor alterations in TgDyrk1A, a<br />
mouse model of Down syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83(4):479-88. (Startle, mouse, Spain)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
73
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
FREEZING Software for Automated Fear Conditioning<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Optimized animal movement detection for small animals<br />
➤ Versatile software allowing the configuration of a<br />
wide variety of protocols<br />
➤ Sound frequency and amplitude controlled by software<br />
➤ Synchronized running<br />
➤ Provides a subject database as an alternative to manually<br />
managing subject information<br />
➤ Provides traceable data for GPL compliance<br />
➤ Records and stores the analog signals for further analysis<br />
➤ No PCI cards required - has USB connection<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Onset time for each freezing event<br />
➤ Duration of each freezing event<br />
➤ Summary table for the total freezing in each state<br />
of the experiment<br />
➤ Number and duration of freezing episodes in each<br />
user-defined interval of time<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
Options<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
➤ Tailor-made experimental configuration setups upon request<br />
Related Hardware<br />
FREEZING Software<br />
FREEZING is a powerful and user-friendly tool for conducting fear<br />
conditioning experiments in rodents.<br />
The FREEZING protocol editor allows the experimenter to build a wide<br />
variety of protocols enabling the configuration of both standard<br />
(context-dependent fear conditioning, tone-dependent fear<br />
conditioning) and unusual user-defined protocols.<br />
The software can run up to 8 chambers simultaneously and in a<br />
synchronized manner. Two thresholds can be set for the detection of<br />
the animal freezing behavior: activity (for differentiating immobility from<br />
activity) and time (for eliminating any non-specific freezing episode<br />
which duration is lower than an user-defined duration).<br />
The run window shows the signal chart and corresponding raw data table<br />
online for every chamber. In each table, information about the status of the<br />
protocol is shown, together with the important parameters of the execution.<br />
Both signal chart and raw data table can be saved and reloaded for<br />
recalculating parameters using different activity and time thresholds.<br />
As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives and<br />
instruction, FREEZING has been built in order to obtain traceable data:<br />
i.e. each session recorded can be linked to the corresponding<br />
experimental data (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
System Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for the<br />
protection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxes<br />
connection (a USB-Serial adapter included in the<br />
software pack can be used when a RS-232 serial<br />
port is not available)<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PC<br />
integrated standard sound card (DirectX<br />
compatible, RMS at least 0.5 Volts)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0099 FREEZING Software to Control up to 8 Stations for Fear<br />
Conditioning Studies<br />
Citations<br />
Viosca J et al. (2009) Enhanced CREB-dependent gene expression increases the excitability of<br />
neurons in the basal amygdala and primes the consolidation of contextual and cued fear memory.<br />
Learn Mem. 16(3):198-209. (Fear conditioning, mice, Spain)<br />
Markram K et al. (2008) Abnormal fear conditioning and amygdala processing in an animal model of<br />
autism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(4):90-112. (Rats, Switzerland)<br />
Cordero MI et al. (2007) Stress amplifies memory for social hierarchy. Front. Neurosci. 1(1): 175-184<br />
(rat, Switzerland)<br />
Lopez-Fernandez MA et al. (2007) Upregulation of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in<br />
the Dorsal Hippocampus after Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Involved in Long-Term Memory<br />
Formation. The Journal of Neuroscience. 27(17): 4552-4561. (Rats, France, Switzerland)<br />
Markram K et al. (2007) Amygdala upregulation of NCAM polysialylation induced by auditory fear<br />
conditioning is not required for memory formation, but plays a role in fear extinction. Neurobiology of<br />
learning and memory. 87(4): 573-582. (Rats, Switzerland)<br />
➤ Combined Startle and Freezing System, see pages 71 – 72<br />
74<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning<br />
Modular Operant Behavior System<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Entirely modular system<br />
➤ Easily transformed between rat and mouse chamber<br />
➤ Reduced number of cables<br />
➤ Possibility of customization<br />
➤ Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC through<br />
a single cable<br />
➤ No PCI cards required - has USB connection, one cable links all!<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of responses (LE 85XCT)<br />
➤ Number of reinforcements (LE 85XCT)<br />
➤ Many user-defined parameters (PackWin software)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Operant Chamber (mouse or rat)<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ Link Box (power connection box for up to 8 modules)<br />
➤ Wide range of modules<br />
➤ Sound Attenuating Box<br />
➤ MPS push button<br />
➤ Experiment programming unit (with ratio and interval<br />
schedules and shocker)<br />
➤ PackWin software<br />
Modular Operant Box<br />
Our Modular Operant Chamber is an entirely modular experimental<br />
enclosure designed to conduct operant conditioning procedures (e.g.<br />
food reinforcement, DMTS, conflict tests, self-administration, etc).<br />
The operant chamber is an entirely modular structure which allows<br />
complete disassembling or rearrangement to build a new space of<br />
different dimensions/components or to enable storage in the minimum<br />
space. It can be easily transformed from rat chamber to chamber (or<br />
vice versa).<br />
A front door offers total accessibility inside the chamber. The mouse<br />
walls and cover can be of different material or color, since they are<br />
totally removable.<br />
Each chamber is associated with a Link Box which provides power to up<br />
to 8 (expandable to 16) Operant Modules (levers, lights, sound,<br />
dispensers, electrical shock) conferring to the chambers a full autonomy.<br />
Special accessories are provided for self-administration procedures.<br />
Only one cable connects the Link Box to the LE85XCT Programmer or<br />
PC (PackWin Software), this last for advanced protocol configuration<br />
and running.<br />
NOTE<br />
For set-ups greater than 8 stations, please<br />
contact technical support for assistance.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
75
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning (continued)<br />
Specifications<br />
Base Dimensions<br />
Working Area (Mouse)<br />
Working Area (Rat)<br />
Material Composition<br />
Power Supply<br />
Maximum Number<br />
of Stations<br />
(When Working with PC)<br />
Connection of Several<br />
Units to PC<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
440 (W) x 360 (D) x 35 (H) mm<br />
200 (W) x 200 (D) x 250 (H) mm<br />
250 (W) x 250 (D) x 250 (H) mm<br />
Stainless steel, aluminum and methacrylate<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
8 stations connected to a PC<br />
No need of PC interfaces! Direct connection<br />
through one cable!<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
STANDARD, PRECONFIGURED OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0146 LE1002CP Operant Chamber Setup for Mice Including<br />
Pellets Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli, Mice<br />
Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01<br />
BH2 76-0148 LE1005CP Operant Chamber Setup for Rats Includes<br />
Pellets Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli, Rat<br />
Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01<br />
BH2 76-0147 LE1002CL Operant Chamber Setup for Mice Includes<br />
Drop Liquid Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli,<br />
Mice Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01<br />
Citations<br />
Hayat Harati M et al. (2009) Attention and memory in aged rats: impact of lifelong<br />
environmental enrichment. Neurobiology of aging. In Press. (5CSRT, rat, France)<br />
Hernandez-Rabaza V et al. (2009) Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disrupts contextual<br />
learning but spares spatial working memory, long-term conditional rule retention and spatial reversal.<br />
Neuroscience. 159(1):59-68. (NMTP procedures, rat, Spain)<br />
Augustin-Pavon C et al (2008) Sex versus sweet: Opposite effects of opioid drugs on the reward of<br />
sucrose and sexual pheromones. Behav. Neurosci. 122(2): 416-425. (sucrose preference, mice, Spain)<br />
Hernández-Rabaza et al. (2008) The hippocampal dentate gyrus is essential for generating contextual<br />
memories of fear and drug-induced reward. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 90(3):553-559.<br />
(Fear conditioning, rat, Spain)<br />
Pellon R et al. (2007) Pharmacological analysis of the effects of benzodiazepines on punished<br />
schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 18(1): 81-87. (Punished schedule-induced<br />
drinking, rats, Spain)<br />
Pérez-Padilla A, Pellón R (2006) Level of response supresión and amphetamine effects on negatively<br />
punished adjunctive licking. Behav. Pharmacol. 17(1): 43-49. (Punished schedule-induced drinking,<br />
rats, Spain)<br />
Conejo NM et al. (2005) Brain metabolism after extended training in fear conditioning task.<br />
Psicothema. 17(4): 563-568 (disruption of lever pressing in fear conditioning task, Rat, Spain)<br />
Manrique T et al. (2005) Early learning failure impairs adult learning in rats. Dev. Pshychobiol. 46(4):<br />
340-349. (Rat, Spain).<br />
Toro JM et al. (2005) Backward Speech and Speaker Variability in Language Discrimination by Rats. J.<br />
Exp. Psychol. 31(1): 95–100. (rat, Spain)<br />
Lopez-Moreno JA et al. (2004) Long-lasting increase of alcohol relapse by the cannabinoid receptor<br />
agonist WIN 55,212-2 during alcohol deprivation. J. Neurosci. 24(38): 8245-8252. (ethanol selfadministration,<br />
rat, spain)<br />
Pérez-Padilla A, Pellón R (2003) Amphetamine increases schedule-induced drinking reduced by<br />
negative punishment procedures. Psychopharmacol. 167(2): 123-129. (Punished schedule-induced<br />
drinking, rats, Spain)<br />
Burgal M et al. (1988) Asymmetric incorporation of [14C]cyanate and of fluorescein isothiocyanate in<br />
mamillary body of conditioned rats. Neurochem. Res. 13(5): 435-442. (learning, Rat)<br />
Cuomo V et al. (1983) Behavioral and biochemical effects in the adult rat after prolonged postnatal<br />
administration of haloperidol. Psychopharmacol. 81(3): 239-243. (Differential reinforcement of low<br />
rate schedule, rat, Italy)<br />
Cuomo V et al. (1981) Enduring behavioral and biochemical effects in the adult rat after prolonged<br />
postnatal administration of haloperidol. Psychopharmacol. 74(2): 166-169. (Differential reinforcement<br />
of low rate schedule, rat, Italy)<br />
BH2 76-0149 LE1005CL Operant Chamber Setup for Rats Includes<br />
Drop Liquid Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli,<br />
Rat Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01<br />
Contact Technical Support for the Broad List of Additional Modules<br />
for our Modular Operant Chambers!<br />
To customize your own system, select options below:<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0151 LE1002 Modular Mice Operant Chamber<br />
BH2 76-0152 LE1005 Modular Rats Operant Chamber<br />
BH2 76-0153 LE100201 Mice Shockable Grid<br />
BH2 76-0154 LE100501 Rats Shockable Grid<br />
BH2 76-0155 LE1050 MPS Push Button for LE85XCT<br />
BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link & Power for up to 8 Modules<br />
BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound Attenuating Box<br />
BH2 76-0158 LE85XCT PROGRAMMER with Ratio & Interval<br />
Schedules and Shocker<br />
BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,<br />
0 - 2 mA Output<br />
BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC software to Control up to<br />
8 Operant Chambers<br />
BH2 76-0160 LE1010 Harness Set for Electrical Stimulation<br />
BH2 76-0161 LE12605 Electrical Stimulator<br />
BH2 70-2208 – Pump 11 Plus<br />
76<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
PackWin Software<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
Packwin System<br />
➤ Number of response (nose-spoke, lever pressing etc.) for the<br />
whole session or by user-defined interval of time<br />
➤ Latency of response<br />
➤ Number of reinforcement given (food, drug, drink, shock etc.)<br />
➤ Number of trials made<br />
➤ Total duration of the experiment<br />
➤ Cumulated curve graphs<br />
➤ Response pattern graphs<br />
➤ Built-in 5/9 hole experiments report (number of correct,<br />
incorrect, premature, anticipated responses and omission,<br />
choice accuracy etc.)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ NEW simplified user-interface<br />
➤ NEW time-saving batch analysis and built-in reports<br />
➤ NEW Includes our unique new Virtual Box, a specific box test panel<br />
and simulator<br />
➤ Combines sophistication with straightforwardness<br />
➤ Maximal flexibility provided without requiring any specific<br />
knowledge in programming<br />
➤ Cumulated and response pattern graphs<br />
➤ Simplified communications to hardware<br />
➤ Subject Data Base<br />
➤ Result traceability<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software installation CD<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Free software updates of the acquired system<br />
Options<br />
➤ Tailor-made Experimental Configuration Setups upon request<br />
* Contact us for more information about set-ups larger than 8 stations.<br />
PackWin Software<br />
PackWin is a user-friendly and versatile software developed for the<br />
Windows platform. This software offers a powerful, yet<br />
straightforward, tool for developing an unmatched range of<br />
experiments in different types of behavior chambers; typically those for<br />
operant conditioning, self-administration and procedures using the<br />
nine-hole box.<br />
The user-interface of PackWin has been recently re-designed,<br />
providing even greater flexibility and simplicity, turning the system into<br />
an attractive tool for both experienced and for non experienced users.<br />
This software does not require previous knowledge in programming!<br />
The different options of the PackWin protocol editor allow the user to<br />
build a wide variety of different protocols. It enables the configuration<br />
of basic programs for operant procedure (fixed and variable ratio, fixed<br />
or variable interval, fixed or variable DRL, positive and negative<br />
reinforcement, extinction, probability to obtain a reinforcement, etc.)<br />
with or without discriminative stimuli (light, sound) as well as more<br />
specific and complex user-defined protocols (conflict, DMTS, 5 choice<br />
serial reaction task etc.). New assistant panels are now available for<br />
the configuration of 5-choice serial reaction task procedures!<br />
The software can run up to 32 chambers depending on the<br />
characteristics of the associated chamber. In addition, each chamber<br />
can run independently from the rest of the selected chambers or in a<br />
synchronized manner. Desired protocols can be selected separately<br />
for each chamber.<br />
The registered sessions can be re-analyzed for generating all the<br />
reports and graphs typically needed when conducting operant<br />
behavior studies (summary data report with 1 row by subject, response<br />
by time report, historic events report, cumulated curve graph,<br />
response pattern plot). Individual and batch analyses are facilitated in<br />
a new advanced analysis panel in which the user can process the<br />
registered sessions using different time settings (full session, userdefined<br />
start and stop time, session split in different interval time of<br />
analysis). Raw data tables can be stored in Excel format for further<br />
analysis. All graphs are directly exportable to image format and<br />
associated raw data to XLS format.<br />
Unique to only our system! PackWin now provides the option of<br />
running experiment with virtual boxes! This new enhancement allows<br />
the user to configure and verify the protocols created anywhere -<br />
without requiring direct connection with the real boxes. This new<br />
feature is also perfect for teaching purposes!<br />
As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives and<br />
instruction, PackWin has been built in order to obtain traceable data: i.e.<br />
each session recorded can be linked to the corresponding experimental<br />
data (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
77
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
PackWin Software (continued)<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Modular Operant Box, see pages 75 – 76<br />
➤ Vogel Test, see page 93<br />
➤ 5/9 Hole Box, see page 79<br />
➤ Self Administration Box, see page 101<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for the<br />
protection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxes<br />
connection (a USB-Serial adapter included in the<br />
software pack can be used when a RS-232 serial<br />
port is not available)<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
System Requirements Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC Software to Control up to 8 Experimental<br />
Chambers<br />
Citation<br />
Hayat Harati M et al. (2009) Attention and memory in aged rats: impact of lifelong environmental<br />
enrichment. Neurobiology of aging. In Press. (5CSRT, rat, France)<br />
Hernandez-Rabaza V et al. (2009) Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disrupts contextual<br />
learning but spares spatial working memory, long-term conditional rule retention and spatial reversal.<br />
Neuroscience. 159(1):59-68. (NMTP procedures, rat, Spain)<br />
Augustin-Pavon C et al (2008) Sex versus sweet: Opposite effects of opioid drugs on the reward of<br />
sucrose and sexual pheromones. Behav. Neurosci. 122(2): 416-425. (sucrose preference, mice, Spain)<br />
78<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
5/9 Holes for Attention Performance<br />
5/9 Holes Box<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Hole LEDs with adjustable intensity<br />
➤ Associated with a very complete and flexible software - PackWin<br />
➤ Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC through<br />
a single cable<br />
➤ Neither PC interface nor PC cards are required<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of correct responses<br />
➤ Number of incorrect responses<br />
➤ Number of persevering actions<br />
➤ Number of omissions<br />
➤ Number of anticipatory responses<br />
➤ Number of trials performed<br />
➤ Responses latency<br />
➤ Reinforcement (food, drink) intake latency<br />
➤ Number of responses during the time-out<br />
➤ And many user-defined parameters<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Nine holes box (with 9 stainless steel lids)<br />
➤ Control unit with RS-232 communication port<br />
➤ Pellets dispenser<br />
➤ Feeder with light-beam detection technology<br />
➤ Stimuli light<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ PackWin software to control up to 8 boxes simultaneously<br />
5/9 Holes<br />
The nine-hole box is commonly used to evaluate attention performance<br />
using a visual discrimination task in laboratory animals.<br />
The nine-hole box is composed of a test chamber, food or drink<br />
dispenser, a Link Box to connect it to the PC and the PackWin software.<br />
The nine-hole box is assembled with black aluminum walls and a<br />
transparent front door. The box is equipped with an arc of 9 contiguous<br />
apertures set into the rear wall, a house light, a food pellet dispenser<br />
and a ‘pusher’ to detect the nose-pokes into the food holder. The holes<br />
not used in the experiment may be blocked up using a metal insert. Each<br />
hole is equipped with photocell beams and internal LED providing visual<br />
cues specific to each hole. The intensity of the LED can be adjusted in<br />
Link Box using the digital selector. The box is placed on a stainless-steel<br />
platform and the associated tray is easily removable to clean.<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> also offers an optimized nine-holes box for<br />
performing test in mice. This new box is supplied with 9 pellet<br />
dispensers in order to give the reward directly into the right stimulus<br />
hole when a correct response is fulfilled.<br />
All Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> nine-hole boxes are associated with the<br />
potent and versatile PackWin software in order to control the experiment<br />
(protocol configuration, experiment running) and obtain relevant data such<br />
as correct responses, incorrect responses, omissions,<br />
prematureresponses, perseverant responses, time out responses, total<br />
receptacle head entries, etc.<br />
Different experimental paradigms for sustained attention, animal<br />
models of impulsive behavior and lateralized-discrimination task can<br />
be conducted using the nine-hole box.<br />
As an example, in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, short-lasting<br />
stimuli are given in pseudo-randomized order in one of the holes of the<br />
cage (commonly, hole 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9). If the animal nose-pokes into the<br />
correct hole, a reinforcement (pellet) is given. If the animal nose-pokes<br />
into an incorrect hole, a time-out period (no light) is given and next trial<br />
begins. The choice accuracy (% of correct responses) gives an idea of<br />
the functional integrity of the attention as well as learning processes.<br />
These parameters are mostly altered in animal models of<br />
Schizophrenia and Alzheimer Diseases.<br />
Specifications<br />
Cage Dimensions:<br />
LE509 Rat Cage<br />
LE507 Mouse Cage<br />
Holes Dimensions:<br />
Rat<br />
Mouse<br />
Material Composition<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Power Supply<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
252 (W) x 280 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal;<br />
440 x 360 x 315 mm external<br />
190 (W) x 220 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal;<br />
440 x 360 x 315 mm external<br />
23mm hole diameter; 14mm hole deep<br />
13mm hole diameter; 10mm hole deep<br />
Plexiglass, aluminum, stainless steel<br />
8 stations connected to a PC<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0000 LE509 Rats 5/9 Holes Cage w/PC Interface<br />
BH2 76-0001 LE507 Mice 5/9 Holes Cage w/PC Interface<br />
BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC Software to Control up to 8 Cages<br />
BH2 76-0367 LE512 Mice 9 Hole Box w/Pellet Dispenser<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
79
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Passive Avoidance Box to Assess Working Memory<br />
Passive Avoidance Box<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Weight transducer technology for accurate animal detection<br />
➤ Very precise and stable intensity of shock delivered into the<br />
black compartment<br />
➤ Neither PC interface nor PC cards are required<br />
➤ Safety system which guarantees that the shock intensity<br />
received by the animal is always the same value<br />
independently of the grid bars treaded<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Latency to enter into the black compartment<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Passive Avoidance Box<br />
➤ Control unit with RS-232 communication port<br />
➤ Motorized door (to be controlled either by LE2708 or<br />
ShutAvoid software)<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LE2708 Avoidance Programmer including shocker<br />
➤ ShutAvoid software to control up to 8 Active or Passive boxes<br />
➤ LE10026 Shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)<br />
Passive Avoidance Box<br />
Passive Avoidance is fear-motivated tests classically used to assess<br />
short-term or long-term memory on small laboratory animals.<br />
Passive Avoidance working protocols involve timing of transitions, i.e.<br />
time that the animal takes to move from the white compartment to the black<br />
one after a conditioning session. During the conditioning session, entry into<br />
the black compartment is punished with a mild inescapable electrical shock.<br />
Our Passive Avoidance box (LE870/872) is defined by a large white<br />
illuminated compartment and a small black dark compartment<br />
separated by a guillotine gate. The animal’s position is detected by<br />
using high sensitivity weight transducers providing greater accuracy<br />
and reliable detection (zones entries) systems utlizing on photocell<br />
beams or on grid floor displacements.<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Passive Avoidance boxes may be controlled<br />
either through LE2708 Programmer or ShutAvoid software. The first option<br />
is recommended for one single box set-ups, and may be combined with<br />
the included SeDaCom software. SeDaCom enables data transfer from<br />
the programmer to a PC through a RS-232 port. The connection is direct<br />
between programmer to a PC. No PCI card is needed! The link is carried<br />
out by one only cable from one Box to the other. The first box is<br />
connected to PC or Laptop by the RS-232 port or USB. The second option<br />
is suitable for controlling a number of boxes simultaneously.<br />
80<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Learning, Memory & Attention<br />
Passive Avoidance Box to Assess Working Memory<br />
Specifications<br />
Mouse Box Dimensions<br />
Rat Box Dimensions<br />
Minimum Weight Detected<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Maximum Number of<br />
Stations<br />
Connection of Several<br />
Units to PC<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Supply<br />
250 (W) x 250 (D) x 240 (H) mm white compartment;<br />
195 x 108 x 120 mm black compartment<br />
310 (W) x 310 (D) x 240 (H) mm white compartment;<br />
195 x 108 x 120 mm black compartment<br />
10 grams (mouse box); 40 grams (rat box)<br />
Methacrylate, aluminum, stainless steel<br />
PC (Windows ® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and Vista)<br />
(with SeDaCom)<br />
8 stations connected to a PC<br />
Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.<br />
One cable connects all units to the PC<br />
CE compliant<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 76-0199 LE870 Passive Avoidance Cage, Rats<br />
BH2 76-0200 LE872 Passive Avoidance Cage, Mice<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0201 LE2708 Avoidance Programmer with Shocker Unit Included<br />
BH2 76-0202 SHUTAVOID Software to Control up to 8 Active/Passive Boxes<br />
BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with, Scrambler, 0-2 mA Output<br />
Citations<br />
Cuhna C et al. (2009) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression in the forebrain<br />
results in learning and memory impairments. Neurobiology Disease. 33(3):358-368. (mouse, Italy)<br />
Monleon S et al. (2009) Effects of oxotremorine and physostigmine on the inhibitory avoidance impairment<br />
produced by amitriptyline in male and female mice. Behav. Brain Res. (mouse, Spain) In press.<br />
Martín-García E et al. (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deteriorates<br />
passive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neurosci.<br />
154(4):1497-1505. (rat, Spain)<br />
Rueda N et al (2008) Effects of chronic administration of SGS-111 during adulthood and during the preand<br />
post-natal periods on the cognitive deficits of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down síndrome. Behav.<br />
Brain Res. 188(2):355-367 (Mouse, Spain)<br />
Tramullas M et al (2008) Facilitation of avoidance behaviour in mice chronically treated with heroin or<br />
methadone. Res. Rep. 189(2):332-340 (Mouse, Spain)<br />
Bouet V et al. (2007) Sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after transient middle cerebral artery<br />
occlusion in the mouse. Exp. Neurol. 203(2):555-567 (Mouse, France)<br />
Haelewyn B et al. (2007) Long-term evaluation of sensorimotor and mnesic behaviour following<br />
striatal NMDA-induced unilateral excitotoxic lesion in the mouse. Behav. Brain Res. 178(2):245-243<br />
(Mouse, France)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
81
Anxiety<br />
Guide<br />
Anxiety is the most common and most studies psychiatric<br />
field in humans. Anxiety is characteristic of situations that<br />
pose either real or imaginary threats to the organism and<br />
then includes changes in behavior. In theory, anxiety is an<br />
adaptive emotion that permits, by developing behavioral<br />
and physiological changes, to appropriately react to a<br />
stressful situation in order to resolve it (by escaping,<br />
fighting…). However, pathological variants of anxiety can<br />
occur and be deleterious for those affected. Anxiety<br />
disorders are reported as the most prevalent of the<br />
psychiatric diseases.<br />
Anxiety disorders were only recognized in 1980 by the<br />
American Psychiatric Association. Before this recognition,<br />
people experiencing one of these disorders usually<br />
received a generic diagnosis of “stress” or “nerves”. Due to<br />
the lack of understanding these disorders, very few<br />
received the necessary treatment. Since 1980,<br />
international research has shown the severe disabilities<br />
associated with these disorders. Most of these disabilities<br />
can be prevented with eary diagnosis and effective<br />
treatment. At the present time, benzodiazepines are the<br />
most common drug prescribed for relieving anxiety<br />
symptoms due to their action on the central nervous<br />
system via the modulation of the GABAA receptors. These<br />
substances were basically discovered by chance by<br />
Sternbach, working for Hoffman La Roche in New Jersey in<br />
1957. The original compound was found to have hypnotic,<br />
anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects and the first<br />
benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was launched<br />
in the UK in 1960, followed by diazepam (Valium) in 1963.<br />
By 1983, there were 17 benzodiazepines on the market<br />
worth nearly $3 billion worldwide. There are now 29<br />
benzodiazepines available in the US and Europe for a<br />
variety of clinical uses.<br />
However, as the use of benzodiazepines is thought to<br />
provoke undesired effects such as physical dependence,<br />
research laboratory and pharmaceutical industry still focus<br />
their effort in understanding better the genetic and<br />
neurobiological substrates of anxiety and in screening new<br />
chemicals for their putative therapeutic effects. In this<br />
context, rodent behavioral models of anxiety have been<br />
developed and constitute an excellent tool for these<br />
purposes. Anxiety in rodents is comparable and analogous<br />
to anxiety in humans in terms of behavioral and peripheral<br />
manifestations an dhas been shown to share physiological<br />
mechanisms. The methods to assess anxiety-related<br />
behaviors in laboratory rodents are commonly divided in<br />
two categories: unconditioned (ethological) and<br />
conditioned (learned) tests. Unconditioned test are usually<br />
based on conflicts between exploratory<br />
approach/avoidance natural tendencies. Conditioned<br />
tests are based on the change of responses controlled by<br />
conditioning procedures.<br />
82
Anxiety Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Open Field Test<br />
The open field test is classically used to assess<br />
anxiety in rodents. This test is based on<br />
conflicting innate tendencies of avoidance of<br />
bright light and open spaces (that ethologically<br />
mimic a situation of predator risk) and of<br />
exploring novel environment. When placed<br />
into a brightly lit open field for the first time,<br />
rats and mice tend to remain in the periphery<br />
of the apparatus or against the walls<br />
(thigmotaxis). It had been shown that<br />
anxiolytics administration increases exploration<br />
time in the center of the open field while<br />
stressful stimuli decrease the number of center<br />
visits. Open field activity, therefore, represents<br />
a valid measure of marked changes in “anxietylike”<br />
behaviors in drug-treated and genetically<br />
manipulated animals. Open-field procedure<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Exploration based conflict task<br />
∑ Based on innate behavioral tendencies (ethological<br />
test)<br />
∑ Central area versus periphery choice<br />
∑ Simple to setup and use<br />
∑ Short-lasting experiment<br />
∑ Standard test for anxiety widely referenced in<br />
behavioral literature<br />
∑ Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Repeated exposition induces habituation<br />
∑ Influenced by a host of variables<br />
∑ Needs intact locomotor performances<br />
∑ Difficult to dissociate impaired locomotor activity from<br />
anxiety induced suppression of exploration<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Elevated Plus Maze<br />
The Elevated Plus Maze is a widely used animal<br />
model of anxiety that is based on two<br />
conflicting innate tendencies: exploring a novel<br />
environment and avoiding elevated and open<br />
spaces constituting situations of predator risk.<br />
The apparatus consists of two open (stressful)<br />
and two enclosed (protecting) elevated arms<br />
that form a “plus” or cross. Time spent in<br />
exploring enclosed versus open arms indicates<br />
that the anxiety level of the animal. When<br />
placed into this apparatus, naïve mice and rats<br />
will, by nature, tend to explore the open arms<br />
less due to their natural fear of heights and<br />
open spaces. IN this context, anxiolytics<br />
generally increase the time spent exploring the<br />
open arms and anxiogenics have opposite<br />
effect, increasing the time spent into the closed<br />
arms.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Exploration based conflict task<br />
∑ Based on innate behavioral tendencies (ethological<br />
test)<br />
∑ Open elevated arm versus closed arm choice<br />
∑ Simple to setup and use<br />
∑ Short-lasting experiment<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Repeated exposition induces habituation<br />
∑ Influenced by a host of variables<br />
∑ Needs intact locomotor performances<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Anxiety<br />
∑ Drug screening<br />
∑ Phenotyping<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Anxiety<br />
∑ Drug screening<br />
∑ Phenotyping<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
83
Anxiety Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Black and White Boxes<br />
The Black and White test, also known as the<br />
light-dark test, is based on the conflict of<br />
natural tendencies of rodents to avoid lighted<br />
and open areas and to explore novel<br />
environments. The apparatus contains a white<br />
opened compartment and a small enclosed<br />
black compartment. Relative time spent in<br />
exploring each compartment indicates the<br />
anxiety level of the animal: avoidance to the<br />
brightly lit area is considered reflecting<br />
“anxiety-like” behavior. When treated with<br />
anxiolytic drugs, rodents spend more time in<br />
this area, an effect observed due to a decrease<br />
in anxiety.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Exploration based conflict tasks<br />
➤ Based on innate behavioral tendencies<br />
(ethological test)<br />
➤ Light versus dark compartment choice<br />
➤ Standard test for anxiety widely referenced in<br />
behavioral literature<br />
➤ Simple to setup and use<br />
➤ Short-lasting experiments<br />
➤ Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Aron Test<br />
The Aron Test, also known as the Four Plate<br />
Test, allows a quick characterization of putative<br />
anxiolytic compounds in naïve animals. The<br />
test consists basically of setting animals into a<br />
square chamber, the floor of with was<br />
composed of four metal plates, and monitoring<br />
their locomotor behavior by counting the<br />
number of crossings from one plate to another.<br />
Exploration of the chamber was markedly<br />
suppressed in response in subjects that<br />
received electrical shock at each crossing<br />
compared to control animals that are not<br />
shocked during their exploration.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Punishment based conflict test<br />
No need for food or drink deprivation<br />
Short-lasting experiments<br />
Sensitive for both rats and mice<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Involves aversive/stressful stimulus (foot shock)<br />
Influenced by non-specific changes in cognition<br />
and nociception<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Repeated exposition induces habituation<br />
Influenced by a host of variables<br />
Needs intact locomotor performances<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Anxiety<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
➤<br />
Difficult to dissociate impaired locomotor activity<br />
from anxiety-induced suppression of exploration<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Anxiety<br />
Drug screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
84<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Anxiety Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Vogel Test<br />
The Vogel Test paradigm is a popular conflict<br />
model in which water deprived rats and mice<br />
first learn to lick from a water spount in an<br />
operant chamber. Then, usually after a period<br />
of unpublished licking, responses are punished<br />
with mild footshocks, including a significant<br />
reduction of drinking. In this context,<br />
administration of anxiolytics of shown to inhibit<br />
shock reduction of drinking. In this context,<br />
administration of anxiolytics is shown to<br />
inhibity shock-induced drinking suppression.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Punishment based conflict test<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Classically used in rat, underemployed in mice<br />
Needs food or drink deprivation<br />
Involves aversive/stressful stimulus (footshock)<br />
Influenced by non-specific changes in response rate,<br />
cognition, basal water/food intake and nociception<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Anxiety<br />
Drug screening<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
85
Depression<br />
Guide<br />
The term “depression” is commonly used to reflect<br />
a variety of experiences ranging from normal,<br />
transient unhappiness to pathological states of<br />
hopelessness, as defined in the DSM-IV (for<br />
diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental<br />
Disorders, 4th Edition). Owing to its common<br />
psychological and social etiologies, depression is<br />
hard to model in non-human subjects, but few<br />
experimental tests have been developed to display<br />
“depressive-like” symptoms in rodents.<br />
Depression, characterized by disturbances in<br />
mood, sleep, appetite, energy, motivation,<br />
hedonic capacity and thinking is among the most<br />
prevalent forms of mental illness. The major theory<br />
of depression, the monoamine hypothesis,<br />
proposes that decreasing the levels of one or more<br />
brain monoamine neurotransmitters, such as 5-<br />
hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT), noradrenalin<br />
or dopamine, can be responsible of depressive<br />
symptoms, In this way, antidepressant drugs<br />
mainly act on serotoninergic and noradrenergic<br />
pathways in the brain.<br />
Since research in humans is limited, animal models<br />
of depression have been developed, whereas<br />
many symptoms of depression cannot be easily<br />
measured in laboratory rodents (e.g. depressed<br />
mood, feelings of worthlessness, suicide tendency).<br />
However, some behavioral tests have been shown<br />
to be very effective in evaluating depressive<br />
symptoms and are classically used to predict the<br />
antidepressant effect of new medications. They<br />
also provide potentially useful models in which to<br />
study neurobiological and genetic mechanisms<br />
underlying depressive behavioral changes. These<br />
paradigms have strong predictive validity and<br />
behavioral responses are reliable and robust within<br />
and across laboratories.<br />
The existence of numerous behavioral tests to<br />
measure depression in rodents reflects the<br />
heterogeneity of depressive-like symptoms. In this<br />
way, forced swimming test and tail suspension test<br />
are classical paradigms used to evaluate<br />
behavioral despair. Hopelessness, reported as a<br />
common trait of depression in humans, is<br />
mimicked in rodents by the paradigm of learned<br />
helplessness. Finally, anhedonia is classically<br />
reflected by a decrease of sweet solution<br />
consumption by depressive rodents.<br />
86
Depression Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Rota Rod Test<br />
One relatively simplistic and widely used model<br />
of depression is the forced-swimming<br />
paradigm originally adopted by Porsolt et al<br />
(1978). Naïve rats and mice forced to swim in<br />
an aversive and confined environment innately<br />
fight to escape the apparatus. Following failed<br />
attempts to escape, they become immobile (i.e.<br />
float), a behavior generally considered as<br />
despair, “depressive-like” behavior. Prior<br />
treatment with antidepressants decrease the<br />
time spent immobile and increases the latency<br />
to reach the first immobility episode.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Despair model<br />
➤ High predictability for antidepressant effects<br />
in humans<br />
➤ Based on innate behaviors<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
➤ Widely used in literature<br />
➤ Simple to setup and use<br />
➤ Short duration experiment<br />
➤ Can be automated (measurement subjectivity)<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Grip Strength Test<br />
The tail suspension test was developed as an<br />
alternative to the Forced Swimming Test, yet<br />
the concept remains the same. Rodents,<br />
suspended by their tail, innately attempt to<br />
escape from this aversive situation. However,<br />
following failed attempts to escape, they<br />
experience despair and become immobile. The<br />
magnitude of immobility is considered to be<br />
correlated with the depressive state of the<br />
subjects and is significantly decreased by<br />
antidepressants.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Despair model<br />
➤ High predictability for antidepressant effects<br />
in humans<br />
➤ Based on innate behaviors<br />
➤ Widely used in literature<br />
➤ Simple to setup and use<br />
➤ Short duration experiment<br />
➤ Can be automated (measurement subjectivity)<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Repeated exposure induces habituation<br />
Influenced by non-specific changes in motor<br />
performances<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Repeated exposition induces habituation<br />
Can only be assessed in mice<br />
Difficult with some mice strains (C57BL/6)<br />
Repeated exposure induces habituation<br />
Influenced by non-specific changes in motor<br />
performances<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Depression<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Depression<br />
➤ Drug Screening<br />
➤ Basal Depressive-like state Phenotyping<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
87
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Elevated Plus Maze<br />
Elevated Plus Maze<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> elevated-plus-maze is currently built in<br />
two different configurations (each one available for mice or rat):<br />
• Basic maze which can be associated to our SMART or<br />
Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking System<br />
• Maze equipped with rows of infrared photocells connected to a<br />
computer through the LE3846 control unit and the Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong><br />
<strong>Apparatus</strong> MAZESOFT-4 software.<br />
Specifications<br />
Dimensions<br />
LE840/846 Rats Maze<br />
LE842 Mice Maze<br />
LE848<br />
Photoelectrical<br />
Cells Mice Maze<br />
1000 (W) x 1000 (D) x 500 (H) mm grey color walls;<br />
arms: 100 (W) x 450 (D) mm black color arms.<br />
650 (W) x 650 (D) x 150 (H) mm grey color walls;<br />
arms: 60 (W) x 295 (D) mm black arms<br />
640 (W) x 640 (D) x 550 (H) mm, arms: 60 (W) x 295<br />
(D) mm for normal mice; 370 (W) x 370 (D) x 550 (H)<br />
mm, Arms: 60 (W) x 160 (D) mm for very small mice<br />
(provided with 2 interchangeable arm dimensions)<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Modular structure which allows storage in minimum space<br />
➤ Available in a number of colors<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Animal position and number of entries into the different<br />
sectors (see MAZESOFT-4)<br />
➤ Animal position, speed, distance and more<br />
(see SMART or Smart JUNIOR video-tracking)<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Gray walls<br />
➤ PlusMaze<br />
➤ MAZESOFT-4 Software and LE3846 Interface for PC<br />
(only for LE846 and LE848)<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ SMART or Smart JUNIOR Video Tracking System<br />
(only for LE840 and LE842)<br />
Elevated Plus Maze<br />
The standard Elevated Plus Maze is commonly used to assess anxietylike<br />
behavior in laboratory animals. The maze is usually a cross shaped<br />
maze with two open arms and two closed arms, which is elevated<br />
above the floor.<br />
This task exploits the conflict between the innate fear that rodents<br />
have of open areas versus their desire to explore novel environments.<br />
Security is provided by the closed arms whereas the open arms offer<br />
exploratory value. When anxious, the natural tendency of rodents is to<br />
prefer enclosed dark spaces to opened brightly lit spaces. In this<br />
context, anxiety-related behavior is measured by the degree to which<br />
the rodent avoids the unenclosed arms of the maze.<br />
Material Composition<br />
Transparent Walls Height<br />
Position Detection<br />
Technique<br />
Power Supply<br />
(When Applicable)<br />
Certifications<br />
Order # Model<br />
Methacrylate, aluminum<br />
100 mm rats<br />
IR beams with MAZESOFT-8<br />
or video-tracking system<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz<br />
CE compliant<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0074 LE840 Rats Elevated Plus Maze<br />
BH2 76-0075 LE842 Mice Elevated Plus Maze<br />
BH2 76-0076 LE846 Rats Elevated Plus Maze with Position Detection<br />
and MAZESOFT-4 Software Include<br />
BH2 76-0077 LE848 Mice Elevated Plus Maze with Position Detection<br />
and MAZESOFT-4 Software Included<br />
BH2 76-0078 LE843 T Maze Variant for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0079 LE847 Y Maze Variant for Mice<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART Advanced Video-Tracking Software for LE840/842<br />
Standard Maze<br />
BH2 76-0029<br />
SMART<br />
JUNIOR<br />
Standard Video-Tracking Software for LE840/LE842<br />
BH2 76-0486 LE841 Transparent wall option for Ethological studies -<br />
only for LE840<br />
Citations<br />
Lalonde and Strazielle (2008) Relations between open-field, elevated plus-maze, and emergence tests<br />
as displayed by C57/BL6J and BALB/c mice. J. Neurosci. Meth. 171(1):48-52 (mouse, Canada)<br />
Lalonde et al (2008) Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination,<br />
and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Brain Res. 1188:1122-131 (mouse, Canada)<br />
Lalonde and Qian (2007) Exploratory activity, motor coordination, and spatial learning in Mchr1<br />
knockout mice. Behav. Brain Res. 178(2):293-304 (mouse, Canada)<br />
Balerio GN, Aso E, Maldonado R. (2005) Involvement of the opioid system in the effects induced by<br />
nicotine on anxiety-like behavior in mice. Psychopharmacol. (Berl) in press.<br />
Yau JLW et al. (2002) Chronic treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline prevents impairments<br />
in water maze learning in aging rats. J. Neurosci. 22(4): 1435-1442. (standard maze, rat, UK)<br />
88<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Anxiety & Depression<br />
MAZESOFT-4 Software for Automated Elevated-Plus Maze<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Elevated Plus Maze, see page 88<br />
MAZESOFT-4 Software<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Complete and easy-to-use for standard experiments<br />
➤ Use of photo cell technology for animal position detection<br />
➤ Provides integrated parameters (ie: permanence time in<br />
arms, number of entries)<br />
➤ Data reports can be re-organized according to factors entered in<br />
the trial header (ie: animal, groups)<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of visits into the zones (or association of zones)<br />
➤ % of visits into the zones / total number of visits<br />
➤ Total permanence time in each zone (or association of zones)<br />
➤ % of permanence time in each zone / total duration of the trial<br />
➤ Mean time of visit duration into each zone<br />
(or association of zones)<br />
➤ % of the mean time of visit duration into each zone / total<br />
duration of the trial<br />
➤ Number of entries into each zones (or association of zones)<br />
➤ % of the entries into each zone / total number of entries<br />
➤ Chronological sequence of animal displacements<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software and USB protection key<br />
➤ PCI-7200<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
MAZESOFT-4 is an easy and complete software for monitoring Elevated-<br />
Plus Maze experiments. It has been specially designed to work with the<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Plus Maze equipped with rows of infrared<br />
photocells for the automated detection of animal position.<br />
MAZESOFT-4 is easy to configure as the user only has to enter the desired<br />
duration of experiment. A “trial header” can be use for recording all the<br />
necessary information associated with the current experiment (code of<br />
trial, experimenter, challenge, dose, subject identification, comments).<br />
The Plus Maze is divided into 9 sections: 4 identified arms (2 open and 2<br />
closed), each one divided into proximal and distal section and a central<br />
area. One experiment can be composed of several trials, depending on the<br />
number of experimental groups and animals per group used in the study.<br />
During each trial, the elapsed time, permanence time in each area and<br />
current position of the animal can be visualized in real-time. Full information<br />
about the animal’s position is also shown graphically on the screen.<br />
MAZESOFT-4 provides two types of result presentations: a raw data table<br />
and integrated results. The raw data table initiates with the header of the<br />
trial (name of the experimenter, code identifications, etc.) and continues<br />
with the detailed chronological listing of the animal positions for each trial.<br />
Integrated results calculated from the raw data table are provided in an<br />
additional summary table. For each arm, the information is separately<br />
given for the proximal zone, for the distal zone and for both of the zones of<br />
the arm. Identical information is shown for the base zone in the middle of<br />
the maze and for the union for opposite arms (closed and open arms).<br />
The tables of trials can be re-organized before exportation according to<br />
parameters previously entered in the trial header (by subjects, by<br />
groups, by experimenter, etc.).<br />
Data from the raw data base and from the table of result can be easily<br />
exported in formats widely used to perform complementary analysis<br />
(Word, Text, HTML or Excel).<br />
This MAZESOFT-4 Software in not available as a separate product. It is<br />
included with the following systems, BH2 76-0076 Rats Elevated Plus<br />
Maze with Position Detection and BH2 76-0077 Mice Elevated Plus<br />
Maze with Position Detection. see page 88 for complete descriptions.<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit bus<br />
master expansion slot available and 1 free USB<br />
for the protection key<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
System Requirements Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
89
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Open Field Box<br />
Open-Field Boxes<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Optimized design for videotracking purpose<br />
➤ Material non-odor absorbent<br />
➤ Easy to clean<br />
Parameter Measured<br />
Locomotor Activity<br />
Rearing<br />
Permanence Time and Entries Into the Center<br />
Permanence Time and Entries Close to the Walls<br />
Video Tracking<br />
System Suggested<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
SMART & Smart JUNIOR<br />
Open Field Boxes<br />
Open Field experiments allow the evaluation of animal basal activity and<br />
its evolution, in response to novelty or anxiogenic environment,<br />
to pharmacological treatment, lesion or genetic modification.<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> proposes square openfields available for rats<br />
and mice. The arena is made of durable material which has the<br />
advantage to be non-odor absorbent and easy to clean. The arena is<br />
surrounded by high walls and is available in different non reflective<br />
colors for videotracking purposes. The system is entirely collapsable for<br />
enabling storage in the minimum space. The floor can be divided into<br />
equal squares under request for the direct counting of animal activity.<br />
Possibility of customization, contact Technical Support for more details!<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0189 LE800S Square Open-Field Box for Rat:<br />
900 (W) x 900 (D) x 400 (H)mm, Grey<br />
BH2 76-0190 LE802S Square Open-Field Box for Mouse:<br />
450 (W) x 450 (D) x 400 (H) mm, Grey<br />
BH2 76-0439 LE800SC Open Field Divider for 4 Rats -<br />
for use with LE800S<br />
BH2 76-0401 LE802SC Open Field Divider for 4 Mice -<br />
for use with LE802S<br />
Round Open-Field Boxes available by special order.<br />
Please contact our technical support staff for more information.<br />
90<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Aron Test for Screen Anxiolytic Substances<br />
Aron Test Box<br />
Specifications<br />
Cage Materials<br />
Dimensions<br />
Shock<br />
Shock Delivery<br />
White, transparent plastic and stainless steel<br />
18 x 25 x 16 cm<br />
0-3 mA, timer 0-10 sec, square pulse<br />
Footswitch<br />
Order # Model Product<br />
BH2 76-0006 LE830* Aron Test Box<br />
* Shock generator (BH2 76-0159) must be ordered separately.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ An elegant and economical solution for screening anxiolytic<br />
drugs in mice<br />
➤ Punishment based conflict test<br />
➤ Shock with adjustable intensity<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of punished crossings<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Aron box<br />
➤ Control unit footswitch<br />
➤ SeDaCom software<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Citations<br />
Foreman MM et al. (2009) Anxiolytic effects of lamotrigine and JZP-4 in the elevated plus maze and<br />
in the four plate conflict test. Eur J Pharmacol. 602(2-3):316-20. (mouse, USA)<br />
Jacobsen JP et al. (2008) SK3 K+ channel-deficient mice have enhanced dopamine and serotonin<br />
release and altered emotional behaviors. Genes Brain Behav. 7(8):836-48.<br />
Masse F et al. (2008) Anxiolytic-like effects of DOI microinjections into the hippocampus (but not the<br />
amygdala nor the PAG) in the mice four plates test. Behav. Brain Res. 188(2):291-297 (mouse, France)<br />
Mirza NR et al (2008) NS11394 [3'-[5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-biphenyl-2-<br />
carbonitrile], a unique subtype-selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator: in vitro<br />
actions, pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo anxiolytic efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 327(3):954-<br />
68. (mouse, Denmark)<br />
Masse F et al. (2007) Anxiolytic-like effect of 5-HT2 ligands and benzodiazepines co-administration:<br />
Comparison of two animal models of anxiety (the four-plate test and the elevated plus maze). Behav.<br />
Brain Res. 177(2):214-226 (mouse, France)<br />
Petit-Demouliere B and Bourin M (2007) Temporal parameters of one-trial tolerance to<br />
benzodiazepines in four-plate test-retest. Behav. Brain Res. 183(2):222-225. (mouse, France)<br />
Petit-Demouliere B et al. (2007) Factors triggering abolishment of benzodiazepines effects in the fourplate<br />
test-retest in mouse. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. In press (mouse, France)<br />
Masse F et al. (2007) Effect of GABAergic ligands on the anxiolytic-like activity of DOI (a 5-HT(2A/2C)<br />
agonist) in the four-plate test in mouse. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.;17(6-7):483-91 (mouse, France)<br />
Aron Test<br />
The Aron Test, or Four Plates Test, is an animal model of anxiety in<br />
which the exploration of the novel surroundings is suppressed by the<br />
delivery of a mild electric foot shock.<br />
The apparatus consists of a cage floored by four identical rectangular<br />
metal plates (8 x 11 cm) separated from one another by a gap of 4 mm.<br />
The plates are connected to a shocker unit that can generate electric<br />
foot shocks.<br />
Following habituation period, the animal is subjected to an electric<br />
shock when crossing (transition) from one plate to another, i.e. two<br />
legs on one plate and two legs on another. Boissier et al. 1968 has<br />
described this test first. The number of punished crossings is generally<br />
calculated for a period of 60 seconds. A substance with anxiolytic<br />
properties induces an increase in the number of punished passages.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
91
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Black and White Test<br />
Black and White Box<br />
Black and White Test<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Black and White Box allows easy and<br />
quick evaluation of an animal’s anxiety as reflected in their behavior.<br />
The test identifies behavioral modifications resulting from<br />
pharmacological agents. The Black and White Box assesses the<br />
animal’s displacement in two compartments with different sizes, color,<br />
and illumination.<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> experimental box, constructed of<br />
perspex, is composed of a small black compartments and a larger<br />
white compartment separated by a connecting gate. Each<br />
compartment has its own removable perspex floor of the same color of<br />
the respective walls and 90 X 90 mm sectors delimited by lines. The<br />
compartments are independently illuminated: the white one with a 100<br />
W white bulb and the black one with a 40 W red bulb. Both bulbs are<br />
370 mm from the floor of the box.<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Black and White Box can be supplied<br />
with a weight transducer system for automated animal detection and<br />
photocell beams for evaluation of general activity during the test. The<br />
automated experimental chambers (up to 8) are associated to the PCbased<br />
control software PPCWIN for data storage and analysis.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Compartments with independent and highly<br />
contrasted illumination<br />
➤ Can be associated with weight transducer technology for<br />
optimal animal detection<br />
➤ Easy to clean between trials<br />
➤ Easy connection to a PC through RS-232 port<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total time spent in each compartment latency to the first<br />
change of compartment (regardless to the animal<br />
initial position)<br />
➤ Number of changes between the black and white<br />
compartments<br />
➤ Total duration of the experiment<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Experimental chamber<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Set of spare fuses<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ PPCWIN Software to control up to 8 automated boxes<br />
simultaneously<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0007 LE810 Experimental Chamber for Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0008 LE816 Automated Experimental Chamber for Mouse:<br />
with Weight Transducer<br />
BH2 76-0009 LE812 Experimental Chamber for Rat<br />
BH2 76-0010 LE818 Automated Experimental Chamber for Rat:<br />
with Weight Transducer<br />
BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN Software for Chamber Control and Data<br />
Analysis (8 Units)<br />
Citations<br />
Lopez-Aumatell R et al (2007) Fearfulness in a large N/Nih genetically heterogeneous rat<br />
stock: Differential profiles of timidity and defensive flight in males and females. Behav. Brain<br />
Res. 188(1):41-55 (rat, Spain)<br />
Gimenez-llort L el al. (2002) Mace lacking the adenosine A1 receptor are anxious and<br />
aggressive, but are normal learners with reduced muscle strength and survival rate. Eur. J.<br />
Neurosci. 16(3): 547. (mice, Spain, Sweden)<br />
92<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Vogel Test<br />
Vogel Test Set<br />
Vogel Shocker<br />
Vogel Test<br />
The Vogel test has become a standard for fast screening the potential<br />
anxiolytic properties of drugs. In this procedure, the drinking behavior<br />
is punished by mild shocks leading to a significant reduction of water<br />
consumption in deprived animals. Drinking responses are then<br />
reestablished using drugs with anxiolytic properties.<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Vogel test consists of a standard home<br />
cage associated with a grid floor. An electronic unit associated with a<br />
special nipple ensures the detection and counting of the licks<br />
reflecting the animal drinking behavior. Using an exclusive nipple<br />
design, any casual and non-specific contacts of the animal with the<br />
nipple will not be considered as a drinking response.<br />
A multi-cage configuration allows performing the Vogel test for up to<br />
32 cages. The cages are associated with a LinkBox (1 for each 8<br />
cages) ensuring the functional interaction between the lick sensor<br />
system, the LE10025 Shock generator (1 per cage) and the PackWin<br />
software for advanced protocol configuration and data acquisition.<br />
The interconnection among the cages and the computer is carry out by<br />
a RS-232 serial communication.<br />
Specifications<br />
LE3208<br />
Internal memory for up to 99 trials<br />
LE10025<br />
Shocker intensity: from 0.1 to 2 mA; duration:<br />
from 0.1 to 10 sec<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Allows Vogel experiments directly into the animal's home cage<br />
➤ Exclusive nipple system to exclude non-specific contacts<br />
➤ Up to 32 cages can be associated with a computer<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total number of licks per trial<br />
➤ Total number of shocks received per trial<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Cage with lick detector<br />
➤ Bottle with special nipple<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ LinkBox01 interface for to 8 cages<br />
➤ PackWin software to control up to 32 cages<br />
➤ LE10025 Shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)<br />
plus lick detector<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0316 LE862 Vogel Test Set (Excluding Control Unit)<br />
BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link Box Interface for up to 8 Cages<br />
BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN Software to Control up to 32 Cages<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0334 LE10025 Shock Generator with Scrambler (1 per Cage)<br />
Plus Lick Detector<br />
BH2 76-0319 LE8624 Vogel Test Nipple Plus Bottle<br />
BH2 76-0320 LE8626 Electric Contacts for Nozzle and Grid<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
93
Anxiety & Depression<br />
Tail Suspension Test<br />
Tail Suspension Test<br />
Specifications<br />
Material Composition<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Maximum Number<br />
of Stations<br />
Power Supply Standard<br />
Black and white perspex, metal hook<br />
Windows ® XP, one or two free USB 2.0 slots<br />
6 per computer<br />
110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz, special plugs on request<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0490 BSTST2 Set of 3 Boxes, Including Transducers a<br />
nd Electronic Elements<br />
BH2 76-0492 BSTST2LOG Interface and Software for BSTST2CA<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Fast evaluation of antidepressive, psychotropic drugs based<br />
on L. Steru and R.D. Porsolt based models<br />
➤ Up to 6 mice monitored at the same time<br />
➤ Automatic measurement of immobility<br />
➤ Capable of automatic randomization<br />
➤ Reanalysis enhanced, immobility threshold can be readjusted<br />
➤ Direct exportation of the results into Excel<br />
➤ Calculates energy and power in motion<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Immobility time<br />
➤ Power<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Transducers and electronic elements<br />
➤ 1 set of 3 perpex compartments with adjustable floor height<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ 1 year warranty<br />
Tail Suspension Test<br />
The automatic tail-suspension test allows a fast and reliable screening<br />
of the psychotropic properties (anti-depressants, sedatives) of drugs.<br />
The measuring principle is based on the energy expended by mice<br />
trying to escape from their suspension. During the test, the movements<br />
are analyzed in terms of force, energy and power developed over time.<br />
A complete system includes the suspension cages (3 mice or 6 mice at<br />
a time) and a USB based user-friendly software to run, record, analyze<br />
and replay the experiments. The results are either printed or stored in<br />
.xls file formats.<br />
Citations<br />
Païzanisa E et al. (2009) Behavioural and neuroplastic effects of the new-generation antidepressant<br />
agomelatine compared to fluoxetine in glucocorticoid receptor-impaired mice.<br />
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 24:1-16.<br />
Dowiea MJ et al. (2009) Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom<br />
onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience. 29;163(1):456-65.<br />
Blondeau N et al. (2009) Subchronic Alpha-Linolenic Acid Treatment Enhances Brain Plasticity and<br />
Exerts an Antidepressant Effect: A Versatile Potential Therapy for Stroke. Neuropsychopharmacol.<br />
(mouse, France) In Press.<br />
Pang TYC et al. (2009) Altered serotonin receptor expression is associated with depressionrelated<br />
behavior in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Gen.<br />
18(4):753-766. (mouse, Australia)<br />
DiNunzio JC et al. (2008) CNS Disorders—Current Treatment Options and the Prospects for Advanced<br />
Therapies. Drug. Dev Ind. Pharm. 13:1-27. (mouse, USA)<br />
Popa D et al. (2008) Lasting Syndrome of Depression Produced by Reduction in Serotonin Uptake<br />
during Postnatal Development: Evidence from Sleep, Stress, and Behavior. The Journal of<br />
Neuroscience, 28(14):3546-3554. (muse, France)<br />
Renoir T et al. (2008) Differential long-term effects of MDMA on the serotoninergic system and<br />
hippocampal cell proliferation in 5-HTT knock-out vs. wild-type mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.<br />
2008 Jul 9:1-14. (mouse, France)<br />
Castagné V et al. (2007) UNIT 5.8 Rodent Models of Depression: Forced Swim and Tail Suspension<br />
Behavioral Despair Tests in Rats and Mice. Current Protocols in Pharmacology. 38:5.8.1-5.8.11. ©<br />
2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<br />
Crozatier C et al. (2007) Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) is involved in the mechanisms of action<br />
of antidepressants. Neuroscience. 144(4):1470-1476. (Mouse, France)<br />
Vogt MA et al. (2007) Suitability of tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis for behavioral phenotyping.<br />
Experimental Neurology 211(1):25-33. (Mouse, Germany)<br />
Alexandre C et al. (2006) Early Life Blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptors Normalizes Sleep<br />
and Depression-Like Behavior in Adult Knock-Out Mice Lacking the Serotonin Transporter. J. Neurosci.<br />
26(20): 5554-5564. (mouse, France, Germany)<br />
Chourbaji S et al. (2006) IL-6 knockout mice exhibit resistance to stress-induced development of<br />
depression-like behaviors. Neurobiology of Disease 23(3):587-594. (Mouse, germany)<br />
Meziane H et al. (2006) Estrous cycle effects on behavior of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ female mice:<br />
implications for phenotyping strategies. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 6(2):192-200. (mouse, France)<br />
Cryan JF et al. (2005) The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity:<br />
Review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 29(4-5):<br />
571-625 (mouse; Switzerland, USA)<br />
Mombereau C et al. (2004) Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence of a Role for GABAB Receptors in<br />
the Modulation of Anxiety- and Antidepressant-Like Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacol. 29:1050-1062<br />
(mouse, Stwitzerland)<br />
Strekalova T et al. (2004) Stress-Induced Anhedonia in Mice is Associated with Deficits in Forced<br />
Swimming and Exploration. Neuropsychopharmacol. 29:2007-2017 (mouse, Germany)<br />
94<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Reward & Addiction<br />
Guide<br />
Addiction is a state in which an organism engaged<br />
in a compulsive behavior which is reinforced or<br />
rewarded, even when faced with negative<br />
consequences.<br />
A distinction is generally made between “reward”<br />
and “addiction”. “Reward” is defined as a<br />
biological mechanism mediating behavior<br />
motivated by events commonly associated with<br />
pleasure. Reward and motivation can be<br />
considered as natural components of normal<br />
behavior. Indeed, reward pathways clearly serve<br />
to direct behavior towards goals that are beneficial<br />
to the organism or species survival, e.g. food and<br />
water intake, reproductive activities and others.<br />
However, a pleasurable substance can lead to<br />
“addiction”, inducing a compulsive behavior or<br />
substance-seeking and intake, a loss of control of<br />
limiting intake and the emergence of a negative<br />
emotional state when access to the substance is<br />
prevented. A variety of substances are susceptible<br />
to provoke addiction, such as alcohol, illicit drugs,<br />
nicotine, and others.<br />
From a mechanistic point of view, drug addiction is<br />
a chronic, relapsing disease that is induced by<br />
disturbances in the neurobiological mechanism of<br />
brain function. The use of substances for<br />
recreational purposes is based on the fact that<br />
they cause rewarding effects through the pleasure<br />
center of the brain, mainly represented by the<br />
mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways.<br />
Chronic drug abuse, however, is associated with a<br />
range of adaptive changes in brain physiology.<br />
These alterations, which appear to be both intrinsic<br />
and extrinsic to the rewarding pathways, gradually<br />
lead to the addictive disorder.<br />
Given that drug abuse is major health problem<br />
calling new therapeutic (some animal models have<br />
been developed) in order to study behavioral and<br />
neurobiological basis of addiction. Actual rodent<br />
models have predictive validity and are reliable for<br />
the study of the addictive potential of substances,<br />
the mechanism underlying the transition from drug<br />
use to addiction and the relapse or the individual<br />
vulnerability phenomenon.<br />
95
Reward & Addiction Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Locomotor Response to Novelty<br />
Locomotor responses to novelty has been<br />
shown to represent a predictive factor for the<br />
addictive properties of drugs or vulnerability to<br />
a drug treatment. Indeed, in an animal model<br />
for vulnerability to drug abuse, animals that<br />
exhibit greater motor activity in a novel<br />
environment (high responders; HR) are found<br />
more sensitive to drugs of abuse and are more<br />
likely to self-administer these drugs compared<br />
to less reactive animals (low responders; LR). In<br />
the light of clinical evidence between drug<br />
abuse and mood disorders, this model is<br />
widely used to investigate whether individual<br />
differences in locomotor reactivity to novelty<br />
are related to anxiety and depression-like<br />
responsiveness in rodents.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Explore novelty-seeking behavior<br />
➤ Free exploration paradigm<br />
➤ Test maximizing avoidance/anxiety-related behavior<br />
respect to approach/exploratory behavior<br />
➤ Only one exposure (no habituation) and quickly<br />
performed<br />
➤ Easy-to-do for inexperienced users<br />
➤ Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
Anxiogenic conditions (novel environment with no<br />
possibility of escape)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Addiction<br />
Anxiety Disorders<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Conditioned Place Preference<br />
The purpose of the Conditioned Place<br />
Preference test is to characterize the rewarding<br />
potential of a drug or other experimental<br />
condition. The procedure involves operant<br />
conditioning of a preference for a particular<br />
environment that has been consistently paired<br />
with a subjective internal state induced by the<br />
tested substance or condition. If a drug has<br />
marked rewarding properties, the animal will<br />
spend more time in the compartment with<br />
which it was paired when subsequently tested<br />
without the drug. The Conditioned Place<br />
Preference procedure is classically used for a<br />
long duration to test the addictive liability of a<br />
drug for addictive properties for both research<br />
and pharmaceutical studies. The procedure<br />
may also be modified to determine whether<br />
genetically modified animals are more or less<br />
sensitive to the reinforcing effects of a drug.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Detects putative reinforcing properties of drugs<br />
Involves associative learning<br />
Used for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Positive results do not imply that the animal will<br />
develop a drug addiction (e.g. will display<br />
self-administration behavior)<br />
The drug is given to the animal by the experimenter<br />
Long and laborious procedure<br />
Need highly controlled experimental conditions<br />
(noise, light, odor, handling)<br />
Changes in behavioral output can be brought by<br />
many cognitive and non-cognitive factors, such as<br />
alteration of learning, locomotor activity, and vision<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Compulsive Behaviors<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Drug Dependence<br />
96<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Reward & Addiction Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Self Administration<br />
Self Administration is a classic model of human<br />
drug taking behavior and consists of<br />
establishing an operant conditionng of an<br />
instrumental response (nose-poke, lever<br />
pressure) to obtain a reward, according to a<br />
fixed or progressive ratio. Self administration<br />
is a standard paradigm for studying the acute<br />
rewarding properties of a drug, the<br />
development of habitual drug-seeking behavior,<br />
and ultimately, addiction. This method can be<br />
used to assess the abusive potential of a drug.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Drug self-administered by the animal itself<br />
➤ Involves associative learning and operant<br />
conditioning<br />
➤ Robust performance and specific responses<br />
➤ Used for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Long and laborious procedure<br />
Requires animal surgery<br />
Changes in behavioral output can be brought by<br />
many cognitive and non-cognitive factors, such as<br />
alteration of learning, locomotor activity and vision<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Food-Motivated Operant<br />
Conditioning<br />
Progressive-ratio (PR) schedules permit<br />
studying food-motivated behavior. These<br />
schedules require an increasing number of<br />
operant responses to obtain successive<br />
rewards within a session. For example, a<br />
typical PR 5 schedule requires five responses to<br />
produce the first reinforcer and the response<br />
requirement is incremented by five each time a<br />
reinforcer is earned. The breaking point,<br />
defined as the highest ratio completed is a<br />
classic measurement reflecting the efficacy or<br />
motivational strength of food, and is increased<br />
in response to food deprivation or a reward of<br />
high palatability.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Sensible to fine modifications in feeding behavior<br />
that can not always be assessed under free-access<br />
conditions<br />
Sensitive for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Requires food deprivation<br />
➤ Laborious procedure: may require many sessions<br />
of learning<br />
➤ Influenced by any alteration in learning process<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Drug Dependence<br />
Alcohol Dependence<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Drug Screening<br />
➤ Phenotyping<br />
➤ Anhedonia<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
97
Reward & Addiction<br />
Place Preference Box<br />
Place Preference Box<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Allows a combination between the visual and tactile<br />
cues defining each compartment<br />
➤ Weight transducer technology allows animal detection<br />
optimization in low-contrast conditions<br />
➤ Software for automated storage and analysis of the data<br />
➤ Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC through a<br />
single cable<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total number of entries into the compartments<br />
➤ % distribution of the entries into different compartments<br />
➤ Permanence time in each compartment<br />
➤ % permanence time in respect to the total duration<br />
➤ Chronological sequence of animal displacements<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Place preference box with removable floors<br />
➤ PPCWIN software (for automated animal position detection)<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Opaque extractable wall covers<br />
Options<br />
➤ SMART video-tracking system<br />
Place Preference Box<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Place Preference Box is a standard<br />
experimental chamber for automated assessment of conditioned place<br />
preference and aversion in rodents, two tests widely used for<br />
screening the reinforcing properties of drugs (or natural stimuli) as<br />
well as for investigating the brain neurobiological systems implicated<br />
in reward and addition.<br />
The experimental box consists of two perspex compartments of the<br />
same size interconnected by a central grey corridor. The<br />
compartments can be differentiated by both visual and tactile cues: the<br />
color of the walls in each compartment (white or black) and the texture<br />
of the floors (smooth or rough). The box is provided with transparent<br />
front walls which may be covered with extractable opaque covers<br />
(included). Manually operated sliding doors are provided to manage<br />
the access to the two compartments from the corridor.<br />
The experimental box can be supplied with or without automatic<br />
animal position detection system. The automated animal position<br />
detection is carried out by a weight transducer system which is<br />
associated to the PC-based control software PPCWin.<br />
Specifications<br />
Experimental Box Dimensions:<br />
Rat<br />
Compartments<br />
Mouse<br />
Compartments<br />
Position Detection<br />
Technique<br />
Material Composition<br />
Connection of Several<br />
Units to PC<br />
Certifications<br />
Power Requirement<br />
Order # Model<br />
300 (W) x 300 (D) x 340 (H) mm; corridor: 80 (W) x<br />
100 (D) x 340 (H) mm; doors: 100 (W) x 140 (H)<br />
100 (W) x 130 (D) x 130 (H) mm; corridor: 72 (W) x<br />
72 (D) x 130 (H) mm; doors: 60 (W) x 60 (H) mm<br />
Weight transducers<br />
Perspex<br />
Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.<br />
One cable connects all units to the PC.<br />
CE compliant<br />
110/220 V, 50/60 Hz<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0216 LE890 Standard Place Preference System for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0217 LE891 Standard Place Preference System for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0218 LE892 Automated Place Preference System<br />
for Rats Using Weight Transducers<br />
BH2 76-0219 LE893 Automated Place Preference System<br />
for Mice Using Weight Transducers<br />
BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN Software Associated to Automated Boxes<br />
(up to 8 units)<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking System<br />
(to be used with LE890 or LE891)<br />
BH2 76-0029<br />
SMART<br />
JUNIOR<br />
Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking JUNIOR<br />
(Requires SJPP)<br />
BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Module<br />
98<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Reward & Addiction<br />
Spatial Place Preference Box<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Allows combination between the visual, tactile and spatial cues<br />
defining each compartment<br />
➤ Optimize the differentiation between compartments<br />
➤ Minimize initial place preference during pre-test phase<br />
➤ Transparent walls to minimize time in corridor<br />
➤ Video-tracking system optimizes detection<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total number of entries into compartments<br />
➤ % distribution of entries into different compartments<br />
➤ Permanence time in each compartment<br />
➤ % permanence time in respect to the total duration<br />
➤ Chronological sequence of animal displacement<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Spatial Place Preference Box<br />
➤ 2 reversible floors (one dark grey, one light grey)<br />
➤ 4 parallel piped triangles (two colored in stripes, the other<br />
two in dots)<br />
➤ 2 three sided pyramids (one colored in stripes, the other<br />
in dots)<br />
➤ 2 sliding doors (one with stripes, one with dots)<br />
Options<br />
➤ SMART Video Tracking System<br />
➤ Smart JUNIOR Video Tracking System<br />
Spatial Place Preference Box<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> spatial place preference box is an<br />
experimental chamber developed with the aim to optimize place<br />
preference and aversion studies in small laboratory animals, especially<br />
mice. The design of the box is based on a close collaboration with<br />
prominent Professors Dr. Rafael Maldonado and Dr. Olga Valverde from<br />
the Laboratory of Neuropharmacology in Barcelona, Spain.<br />
The apparatus consists of a box with two equally sized compartments<br />
interconnected by a rectangular corridor. The compartments are<br />
differentiated by the motifs painted on the walls (dots or stripes) and<br />
the color (different shade of grey tones, light or dark) and texture<br />
(smooth or rough) of the floor. The innovation of our box is the<br />
possibility to combine a new additional spatial dimension allowing the<br />
animal to differentiate the different compartments in a more<br />
discriminative manner. Transparent walls are also used to minimize the<br />
time the animal spent in the corridor.<br />
The introduction of these new discriminative elements allows:<br />
• Optimizing the results obtained in the place preference and<br />
aversion paradigms (low variability in the response, reduced<br />
number of animals per group)<br />
• Organizing the discriminative elements in a wide variety of<br />
configurations for studies evaluating spatial or contextual memory<br />
• Using the elements as discriminative cues associated with drug<br />
exposure in diverse other experimental designs.<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> spatial place preference box can be<br />
associated with the SMART video-tracking system for detection and<br />
analysis of animal position throughout the test or PPCWIN, see page 100.<br />
Specifications<br />
Reversible Floor Textures<br />
Box Dimensions for Mice:<br />
Total (ext.)<br />
Compartments (int.)<br />
Aisle (int.)<br />
Box Dimensions for Rats:<br />
Total (ext.)<br />
Compartments (int.)<br />
Aisle (int.)<br />
Walls Width<br />
Order # Model<br />
One side rough, one side smooth<br />
46 (w) x 27 (d) x 25 (h) cm<br />
20 (w) x 18 (d) x 25 (h) cm<br />
20 (w) x 7 (d) x 25 (h) cm<br />
88 (w) x 47 (d) x 45 (h) cm<br />
40 (w) x 34 (d) x 45 (h) cm<br />
25 (w) x 13 (d) x 45 (h) cm<br />
6 mm<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0278 LE895 Spatial Conditioned Place Preference for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0279 LE897 Spatial Conditioned Place Preference for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0376 LE896 Spatial Place Preference Mice-Position<br />
Detection Weight Cells<br />
BH2 76-0441 LE898 Spatial Place Preference Rats-Position<br />
Detection Weight Cells<br />
BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN PPCWIN Software (to be used with LE896/LE898)<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking System<br />
(to be used with LE895 or LE897)<br />
BH2 76-0029<br />
SMART<br />
JUNIOR<br />
Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking JUNIOR<br />
(Requires SJPP)<br />
BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Module<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
99
Reward & Addiction<br />
PPCWIN Software<br />
Related Hardware<br />
➤ Place Preference Box, see page G60<br />
➤ Spatial Place Preference Box, see page G61<br />
➤ Black & White Box, see page G57<br />
Key Features<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
➤ Easy-to-use software for standard conditioned place<br />
preference experiments<br />
➤ For both place preference and black and white experiments<br />
➤ A test mode enables immediate checking of the<br />
communication between the software and the<br />
experimental chambers<br />
➤ Current animal position can be visualized in real-time during<br />
the acquisition of data<br />
➤ Provides integrated results<br />
➤ Tables of result easily exportable in Excel format for<br />
further analysis<br />
➤ RS-232 or USB port direct connection<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Total number of entries into the black, white and<br />
grey compartments<br />
➤ % distribution of entries into the different compartments<br />
➤ Permanence time in each compartment<br />
➤ % permanence time in respect to the total<br />
experimental duration<br />
➤ Chronological sequence of animal displacements<br />
➤ Latency to the first transition regardless to the initial position<br />
➤ Experiment duration<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
PPCWIN Software<br />
PPCWIN is an easy-to-use software for monitoring Conditioned Place<br />
Preference (or aversion) tests and Black and White experiments (for<br />
anxiety). It has been specially designed to work with the<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> Automated Place Preference and Black and<br />
White boxes equipped with weight transducers for the automatic<br />
detection of animal position.<br />
PPCWIN controls independently up to 8 experimental chambers. The<br />
system includes a test mode enabling immediate and reliable checking of<br />
the communication between the software and the experimental chambers.<br />
The Place Preference and Black and White boxes are basically divided<br />
in two different compartments connected by a grey corridor/door,<br />
respectively. One experiment can be composed of several sessions,<br />
depending on the number of experimental groups and animals per group<br />
used in the study. PPCWIN is easy to configure as the user only needs to<br />
enter the desired duration of experiment and some specific information<br />
about the session (subject name, group, etc). During data acquisition,<br />
information about protocol state, animal position and current data can be<br />
visualized for each cage on the corresponding control window.<br />
PPCWIN provides a raw data table with all the standard parameters<br />
for conditioned place preference and black and white experiments<br />
(permanence time in the compartments, number of entries, etc.) and a<br />
detailed chronological sequence of animal displacements for each<br />
session. A report table can be generated containing the results from<br />
different stored session. Data from the tables of result can be easily<br />
exported in formats widely used to perform complementary analysis.<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
Graphic Card<br />
Requirements<br />
System Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor<br />
not supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for the<br />
protection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxes<br />
connection (a USB-Serial adapter included in the<br />
software pack can be used when a RS-232 serial<br />
port is not available)<br />
256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768<br />
pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display<br />
Windows ® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PC<br />
integrated standard sound card (DirectX compatible)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN PPCWIN Software for up to 8 Boxes<br />
100<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Reward & Addiction<br />
Self Administration Box<br />
The chamber is assembled with black aluminum walls and a<br />
transparent front door. The chambers employ a stainless-steel grid<br />
floor that allows waste to collect in a removable tray. All floor<br />
components (including the grid) are removable for systematic cleaning.<br />
Special modules are available for self-administration and selfstimulation<br />
procedures: lever or nose-spoke, food or drink dispensers,<br />
drug delivery system and stimuli (light, sound, shock, etc.). Each<br />
chamber is associated with a LinkBox which provides power to up to 8<br />
(expandable to 16) self-administration modules conferring to the<br />
chambers a full autonomy. Only one cable connects the LinkBox to the<br />
PC, this last for advanced protocol configuration and running.<br />
All Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> self-administration boxes are associated<br />
with the potent and versatile Packwin software which allows<br />
configuring any kind of user-defined schedules (training, priming,<br />
fixed-ratio, progressive ratio, extinction, relapse, etc.) and providing<br />
relevant data in this context (number of pressing on active and inactive<br />
levers, number of injection received, pattern response graph etc.)<br />
Packwin must be ordered separately.<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Entirely modular box<br />
➤ Easily removable waste tray<br />
➤ Associated with PackWin software<br />
➤ Reduced number of cables<br />
➤ Neither PC interface nor PC cards are required<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Number of responses (lever pressing or nose-spoke)<br />
➤ Response rate<br />
➤ Number of reinforcement received<br />
➤ Number of responses during drug injection & time-out<br />
➤ User-defined parameters capabilities<br />
➤ Cumulative curve graph<br />
➤ Reponse pattern graph<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Experimental chamber<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ 2 year warranty<br />
Options<br />
➤ Linkbox (power connection box for up to 8 modules)<br />
➤ Wide range of modules<br />
➤ Sound attenuating box<br />
➤ PackWin software<br />
Self Administration Box<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> self-administration box is an entirely<br />
modular experimental enclosure designed to conduct a wide variety of<br />
different schedules for studying reward and addiction in laboratory<br />
animals.<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0151 LE1002 Modular Operant Chamber, Mice<br />
BH2 76-0152 LE1005 Modular Operant Chamber, Rat<br />
BH2 76-0153 LE100201 Mice Shockable Grid<br />
BH2 76-0154 LE100501 Rats Shockable Grid<br />
BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link & Power Supply<br />
for up to 8 Chamber Modules. RS-232 Output<br />
BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound-proof Box<br />
BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN Multipurpose Behavior Software<br />
for up to 8 LINKBOX 01<br />
BH2 76-0342 LE100265 Lever for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0360 LE100565 Lever for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0341 LE100264 Retractable Lever for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0359 LE100564 Retractable Lever for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0343 LE100267 Light Stimuli for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0361 LE100567 Light Stimuli for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0331 LE100242 Adjustable Buzzer for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0350 LE100542 Adjustable Buzzer for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0347 LE100290 Acoustic Stimulus (Buzzer) for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0365 LE100590 Acoustic Stimulus (Buzzer) for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0335 LE100250 Pellets Dispenser w/Feeder for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0353 LE100550 Pellets Dispenser w/Feeder for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0336 LE100251 Photoelectric Detector of Access<br />
(Feeder & Drink & Nose Poke) for Mice<br />
BH2 76-0354 LE100551 Photoelectric Detector of Access<br />
(Feeder & Drink & Nose Poke) for Rats<br />
BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler, 0-2 mA Output<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0162 LE1015 Harness Set for Drug Administration<br />
BH2 76-0160 LE1010 Harness Set for Electrical Stimulation<br />
BH2 76-0161 LE12605 Electrical Stimulator (Auto-Stimulation)<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
101
Food and<br />
Drink/Metabolism<br />
Guide<br />
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in<br />
living organisms in order to maintain life. These<br />
processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce,<br />
maintain their structures, and respond to their<br />
environments. Body weight in adults is normally stable<br />
over the course of months to years. This stability in body<br />
weight occurs despite large fluctuations in caloric intake,<br />
thus demonstrating that energy intake and energy<br />
expenditure are finely regulated. Indeed it has been<br />
shown that changes in body weight result in<br />
compensatory modifications in energy expenditure<br />
which attempt to return body weight to the baseline<br />
value. In a similar way, the composition and volume of<br />
body fluids is submitted to a fine regulation in order to<br />
maintain a water balance, which is essential for the<br />
survival and function of a living organism. However, the<br />
human body does not store water in the way that it stores<br />
calories (as glycogen or body fat), so a constant daily<br />
supply is needed.<br />
Metabolism is usually divided into two categories.<br />
Catabolism breaks down large molecules for example to<br />
harvest energy in cellular respiration. Anabolism, on the<br />
other hand, uses energy to construct components of<br />
cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Specific<br />
proteins (enzymes and hormones) in the body control the<br />
chemical reactions of metabolism, and each chemical<br />
reaction is coordinated with other body functions. In<br />
fact, thousands of metabolic reactions happen at the<br />
same time – all regulated by the body – to keep the<br />
cells healthy and working. After food is eaten, molecules<br />
in the digestive system, called enzymes, break proteins<br />
down into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and<br />
carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g. glucose). In<br />
addition to sugar, both amino acids and fatty acids can<br />
be used as energy sources by the body when needed.<br />
These components are absorbed into the blood, which<br />
transports them to the cells. After they enter the cells,<br />
other enzymes act to speed up or regulate the chemical<br />
reactions involved with “metabolizing” these compounds.<br />
During these processes, the energy from these<br />
compounds can be released for use by the body or<br />
stored in body tissues, especially the liver, muscles, and<br />
body fat. In this way, the process of metabolism is really<br />
a balancing act involving two kinds of activities that go<br />
on simultaneously – the building up of body tissues and<br />
energy stores and the breakdown of body tissues and<br />
energy stores to generate more fuel for body functions.<br />
This tight regulation of intake and expenditure is<br />
mediated by the central nervous system. This regulation<br />
needs a constant monitoring of the balance (intake,<br />
expenditure, storage) integrated by the hypothalamus<br />
that receives information through metabolic, neural and<br />
hormonal signals. Any dysfunctions in these systems may<br />
lead to important metabolism disorders such as<br />
diabetes, anemia, hyper/hypo-thyroidism and eating<br />
disorders such as obesity and anorexia. These disorders<br />
are considered a serious and growing public health<br />
problem and research laboratories, pharmaceutical<br />
companies as well as psychologists are seeking to<br />
develop adequate therapeutic strategies for these and<br />
other conditions.<br />
102
Food and Drink/Metabolism Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Indirect Calorimetry<br />
Knowledge in the field of animal energy<br />
expenditure is largely based upon indirect<br />
calorimetry, which is estimation of metabolic<br />
heat production by the organism from<br />
measurements of indices such as oxygen<br />
consumption or carbon dioxide production.<br />
For the purpose of most energy-expenditure<br />
studies, indirect calorimetry consists of<br />
measuring the volume of expired air per unit of<br />
time and determining the percentage of oxygen<br />
utilized. This data is then used for estimating<br />
the metabolic rate (energy expenditure) and the<br />
respiratory exchange ratio (relative<br />
measurement of fat, carbohydrate and protein<br />
oxidation). Indirect calorimetry studies are<br />
generally accomplished by utilizing<br />
sophisticated systems whereby the amount of<br />
oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced<br />
by an animal is precisely measured over a<br />
period of time. These systems consist of cage<br />
(chambers), air pumps, air flow controllers,<br />
valves, and a gas analyzer all controlled by a<br />
potent software for the acquisition, storage and<br />
analysis of the data. Indirect calorimetry can be<br />
evaluated together with food and drink intake<br />
and activity in metabolism studies.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Studies energy intake and expenditure in small<br />
laboratory animals<br />
Non-invasive technique<br />
Entirely automated procedure<br />
Indirect evaluation<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Needs sophisticated equipment<br />
Needs expertise for correct use<br />
May be influenced by temperature, humidity, ambient<br />
air changes (controlled environments are<br />
recommended)<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Obesity<br />
Bulimia<br />
Anorexia<br />
Diabetes<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Food and Drink Intake<br />
Major health problems linked to food and drink<br />
intake, such as alcoholism and obesity, the<br />
search to define the role of brain and molecular<br />
mechanisms in regulating food and drink intake<br />
has taken on a new priority. Food intake<br />
consists of meal size multiplied by meal<br />
number which constitutes a feeding pattern.<br />
Specific analysis of these parameters is of<br />
particular interest since they are controlled by<br />
distinct brain areas and neurochemical<br />
messengers and reflect different physiological<br />
significance (meal size relates to satiation,<br />
whereas meal number relates to satiety).<br />
Moreover, drinking has generally not been<br />
considered in meal definition, a close temporal<br />
relationship exists between eating and<br />
drinking.<br />
In this way, a precise monitoring of food and<br />
drink intake (amount and meal pattern analysis)<br />
along the circadian circle is necessary to<br />
evaluate fine alterations of these functions, in<br />
response to treatments, brain lesions or genetic<br />
manipulations. Food and drink intake is a<br />
parameter that can be evaluated together with<br />
indirect calorimetry in metabolism studies.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Allows studying intake amount and meal pattern<br />
along the day/night circle<br />
Intake measurements can be automated<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Laborious procedure if done manually<br />
Not all the automated equipment commercially<br />
available allow a precise evaluation of intake,<br />
specifically in mice<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Obesity<br />
Bulimia<br />
Anorexia<br />
Diabetes<br />
Drug Addiction<br />
Alcohol Dependence<br />
Drug Screening<br />
Phenotyping<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
103
Food and Drink/Metabolism Guide<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Treadmill Test<br />
The treadmill test in rodents is a useful tool<br />
with great value in the study of functional<br />
capacity and is a validated standard model for<br />
investigations in the field of human<br />
metabolism. A subject is forced to walk/run on<br />
a treadmill (adjustable speed and inclination)<br />
during specific periods of time. This test allows<br />
the study of various physiological and<br />
behavioral functions such as long and shortterm<br />
effort during exercise, locomotion,<br />
metabolic exchanges, cardiac function, motor<br />
coordination and fatigue.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Adapted from a human test<br />
➤ Allows the researcher to precisely control the level<br />
of exertion<br />
➤ Easy-to-do (for inexperienced users)<br />
➤ Applicable for mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Needs repetitive daily exposures for training on<br />
the apparatus<br />
Requires constant vigilance by the researcher to<br />
ensure the animal runs for the experimental duration<br />
Use of aversive stimuli to encourage running<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
Behavioral Test<br />
Food-Motivated Operant<br />
Conditioning<br />
Progressive-ratio (PR) schedules permit<br />
studying food-motivated behavior. These<br />
schedules require an increasing number of<br />
operant responses to obtain successive<br />
rewards within a session. For example, a<br />
typical PR 5 schedule requires five responses to<br />
produce the first reinforcer and the response<br />
requirement is incremented by five each time a<br />
reinforcer is earned. The breaking point,<br />
defined as the highest ratio completed is a<br />
classical measure reflecting the efficacy or<br />
motivation strength of food and is increased in<br />
response to food-deprivation or reward high<br />
palatability.<br />
Reasons for Choosing This Test<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Sensible to fine modifications in feeding behavior<br />
that can not always be assessed under free-access<br />
conditions<br />
Sensitive enough for both mice and rats<br />
Reasons for Not Choosing This Test<br />
➤ Requires food deprivation<br />
➤ Laborious procedure and requires many sessions to<br />
train the subjects<br />
➤ Influenced by any alteration in learning process<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
➤<br />
Oxidative Stress<br />
Diabetes<br />
Parkinson’s Disease<br />
Ischemia<br />
Osteopenia/Osteoporosis<br />
Related Human Disease/Applications<br />
➤ Drug Screening<br />
➤ Phenotyping<br />
➤ Anhedonia<br />
104<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
Oxylet System<br />
Modular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents<br />
BH2 76-0451<br />
Home Cage for Rat<br />
and Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0451<br />
BH2 76-0452<br />
BH2 76-0455<br />
BH2 76-0459<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Extremely compact “built-in” system<br />
➤ Same system for rats and mice<br />
➤ Laser sensor greatly reduces the influence of air humidity<br />
and temperature on measurements<br />
➤ Independent air flow control in each cage<br />
➤ Highly accurate and stable monitoring of the food and drink<br />
consumption and activity due to the use of newly adapted<br />
weight transducer technology<br />
➤ Autoclavable experimental cages<br />
➤ NEW! Option for respiratory metabolism measurements<br />
in neonates!<br />
Respiratory Metabolism Monitoring<br />
The Oxylet is a modular system allowing the integration of respiratory<br />
metabolism (O2 consumption and CO2 production), food and drink<br />
intake, activity and rearing measurement in specifically adapted home<br />
cages in laboratory models.<br />
Respiratory metabolism is evaluated by means of indirect calorimetry<br />
an optimized system for studies in laboratory rodents (mice and rats).<br />
The system uses standard Allentown Caging Equipment (ACE) home<br />
cages which are fully autoclavable for easy cleaning. Air tight lids, grid<br />
floors, and food/drink dispensers are available as accessories to these<br />
home cages depending on the species to be used, mice or rats. Our<br />
specially designed lid easily converts the system for use with either<br />
rats or mice in the same home cage!<br />
The Oxylet system also consists of the air flow control unit, which<br />
allows a fine regulation of the air flow inside the chamber, is controlled<br />
independently for each connected cage. A total flow of 20 L/min can<br />
be obtained which will permit the user to conduct simultaneous<br />
experiments with different animal species and sizes – making our<br />
system the most flexible available!<br />
From the air flow control unit, cage samples are sent to the most<br />
crucial component of the system – the gas analyzer. The gas analyzer,<br />
which contains a laser sensor for O2 and an infrared spectroscopy<br />
sensor for CO2, feature the highest level of quality with a 0.01% sensor<br />
resolution!<br />
Special Oxylet configuration is now available for performing<br />
calorimetry studies with rat neonates! Our optimized and validated<br />
technology includes specially designed metabolic chambers which<br />
account for smaller air volumes. Accurate sampling of this small flow<br />
is possible through fine adjustments of low air flow (0 – 2L/min) to<br />
obtain values for gases exchanged during the pup’s resting state.<br />
Specifically controlled air flow ensures sufficient time for the chamber<br />
gas equilibrium and for small changes in gas concentration created by<br />
the pup to be sampled.<br />
The Oxylet system can also be adapted with our rodent treadmills for<br />
exercise studies! Simply combine our air flow controller and gas<br />
analyzer with our single lane rat or mouse treadmills (see pages 27 to<br />
28) and select the air tight lane option.<br />
Food and Drink Intake Monitoring<br />
Food and drink intake as well as activity are evaluated using the<br />
extensiometric weight transducer technology developed by Panlab/<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong>. These transducers and their associated amplifiers<br />
are mounted in a specially designed platform beneath each adapted<br />
home cage. This technology allows the continuous assessment of the<br />
animal food and drink consumption as well as spontaneous activity with<br />
the highest accuracy and stability. Food intake is monitored with an<br />
accuracy of 0.02g and drink with an accuracy of 0.01g fluid – the most<br />
sensitive intake monitoring commercially available for individual rodents!<br />
The base system home cages can be associated with 2 external<br />
dispensers – both food, both drink, or one of each – depending on<br />
researchers’ preference. Optional standard wire bar lids can be used<br />
for providing additional food and drink for non-monitored intake (for<br />
example, useful in preference studies of different drinks).<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
105
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
Oxylet System (continued)<br />
Modular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents<br />
BH2 76-0451<br />
BH2 76-0453<br />
BH2 76-0455<br />
BH2 76-0459<br />
Specifications<br />
Oxygen Sensor<br />
Technology<br />
Laser Diode Absorption<br />
Measurement Range 0-100%<br />
(only limited by the hogh calibration point used)<br />
Resolution 0.01%<br />
Linearity ±0.2%<br />
Noise<br />
Accuracy<br />
Carbon Dioxide Sensor<br />
Technology<br />
Measurement Range 0-10%<br />
Resolution 0.01%<br />
Accuracy<br />
±0.03% (20 ms average)<br />
±0.2% (24 hours)<br />
InfraRed Spectroscopy<br />
< 10% of reading between 5% - 10% CO2;<br />
< 0.3% absolute of reading < 5% CO2<br />
Activity and Rearing Monitoring<br />
Continuous recording of spontaneous activity is easily monitored through<br />
the extensiometric weight transducers in the specially designed platform<br />
beneath each adapted home cage. This transducer technology allows<br />
detection of the animal’s movement without displacement to a high level<br />
of precision – even for the finest of mice movements!<br />
Rearing assessment requires simply two additional InfraRed (IR)<br />
frames connected to the system.<br />
Our optimized modular design provides easily expandability for any of<br />
the options of the system. The researcher can select only those<br />
components of initial interest but with the flexibility of adding any of the<br />
others at a later date. Our highly integrated system minimizes<br />
components to save valuable laboratory space, contains fewer cables<br />
between successive daisy-chained cages and is easier to clean and<br />
maintain. The built-in display shows real-time data for total amount of<br />
food and drink consumed, total activity, and total number of rearings for<br />
quick monitoring of experimental progress from the front of the system.<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> is proud to announce<br />
the newest addition to the Oxylet system –<br />
the Neonate Oxylet!<br />
Our system has been modified to accommodate neonatal rats as small<br />
as 4 grams. A complete system would be the O2 and CO2 Gas<br />
Analyzer (LE405), Neonate air switching unit for 2 neonates<br />
(LE4002FLN), and either of the neonate chambers (NEO1 or NEO2). To<br />
expand the neonate system beyond 2 animals, you will also need the<br />
Extension Air Switching Unit (LE4004FLN) and the additional number of<br />
neonate chambers (up to a maximum of 32 animals). Please contact<br />
our technical support department for additional details and literature.<br />
LE405 Dimensions<br />
LE405 Digital Output<br />
LE405 Analog Signal<br />
Outputs<br />
LE400FL Air Flow<br />
LE400FLN Air Flow<br />
LE400FL Switching<br />
Intake Amplifier<br />
Resolution<br />
Intake Amplifier Drift<br />
Order # Model<br />
260 (W) x 330 (D) x 120 (H) mm<br />
RS-2332 Serial Port<br />
Connectors: Panel BNC female; Output O2:<br />
10 mV/% O2 Range; Range O2: 0-1V; Output CO2:<br />
100 mV+ (100 mV/%CO2); Range CO2; 0.1 – 1V<br />
0 to 20 l/min<br />
0 to 2 l/min<br />
Cycle 2 to 4 chambers in an interval<br />
running from 1 to 999 seconds<br />
20 mg (for food and drink)<br />
< 0.1 mg/day<br />
Experimental Chamber Dimensions:<br />
Rat/Mouse<br />
Rat Pup<br />
IR Frame<br />
259 (D) x 234 (W) x 209 (H) mm<br />
215 and 550 ml<br />
16 IR beams spaced 15.6 mm<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0426 LE4002FLN Neonate Rat Air Switching<br />
Unit/Sample Pump - 2 animals<br />
BH2 76-0427 LE4004FLN Extension Neonate Rat Air Switching<br />
Unit/Sampling Pump – 4 animals<br />
BH2 76-0428 NEO1 Neonate chamber, 215 ml<br />
BH2 76-0429 NEO2 Neonate chamber, 550 ml<br />
106<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
Oxylet System (continued)<br />
Modular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BASE SYSTEM<br />
BH2 76-0451 LE1301 Home Cage for Rat and Mouse<br />
(Requires accessories for species used)<br />
BH2 76-0452 LE1302 Accessories for Rat<br />
(Air tight lid, grid floor, food and drink dispenser)<br />
BH2 76-0453 LE1303 Cage Accessories for Mouse<br />
(Air tight lid, grid floor, food and drink dispenser)<br />
BH2 76-0454 LE1304 Standard wire bar lid for standard pellets<br />
and bottle accessories<br />
BH2 76-0080 METABOLISM Metabolism Software Platform (up to 32<br />
enclosures) Requires Metabolism<br />
Experimental Modules for calorimetry, food<br />
and drink intake, and/or associated activity<br />
and rearing<br />
CALORIMETRY COMPONENTS<br />
BH2 76-0195 LE405 O2/CO2 Analyzer<br />
BH2 76-0193 LE4002FL Air Supply and Switching Unit<br />
for up to 2 Experimental Cages<br />
BH2 76-0194 LE4004FL Air Supply and Switching Unit<br />
for up to 4 Experimental Cages<br />
Citations<br />
Franckhauser S et al. (2008) Overexpression of Il6 leads to hyperinsulinaemia, liver inflammation and<br />
reduced body weight in mice. Dialectologia. 51(7):1306-1316 (mouse, Spain)<br />
Knauf et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-<br />
Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 49(10): 4768-4777<br />
(mouse, France)<br />
Bauche I et al. (2007) Overexpression of Adiponectin Targeted to Adipose Tissue in Mice: Impaired<br />
Adipocyte Differentiation. Endocrinology 148(4): 1539-1549. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)<br />
Cariou B (2007) FXR-deficiency confers increased susceptibility to torpor FEBS Letters, 581(27):<br />
5191-5198. (Energy expenditure, mice, France, Netherlands)<br />
Clerc P et al. (2007) Involvement of Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor in Food Intake Regulation: Hyperphagia<br />
and Increased Fat Deposition in Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 48(3): 1039-<br />
1049. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)<br />
Ikeuchi M et al. (2007) Effects of Astaxanthin in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Bioscience,<br />
Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 71(4): 893-899. (obesity, mice, Japan)<br />
Prieto-Lloret J et al. (2007) Hypoxia transduction by carotid body chemoreceptors in mice lacking<br />
dopamine D2 receptors. J. Appl. Physiol. 103: 1269-1275 (LE 400-4, mice, Spain)<br />
Tiraby C et al. (2007) Resistance to high-fat-diet-induced obesity and sexual dimorphism in the<br />
metabolic responses of transgenic mice with moderate uncoupling protein 3 overexpression in<br />
glycolytic skeletal muscles. Diabetologia. 50(10): 2190-2199. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)<br />
Valle A et al. (2007) Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Features During Caloric<br />
Restriction. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 19:195-204. (Rat, Spain).<br />
Franckhauser S, Muñoz S, Elias I, Ferre T, Bosch F (2006) Adipose Overexpression of<br />
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Leads to High Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance<br />
and Obesity. Diabetes 55:273-280. (Energy expenditure, mice, Spain)<br />
Bienvenu G, Seurin D, Le Bouc Y, Even P, Babajko S, Magnan D (2005) Dysregulation of energy<br />
homeostasis in mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 in the brain.<br />
Diabetologia. 48(6): 1189-1197. (O2 consumption, mice, France)<br />
Prieto-Lloret J et al. (2003) Ventilatory responses and carotid body function in adult rats perinatally<br />
exposed to hyperoxia. J. Physiol. 154: 126-144 (LE 400-4, spirometry, rat, Spain)<br />
BH2 76-0145 METAOXY Metabolism Software Experimental Module –<br />
calorimetry<br />
INTAKE COMPONENTS<br />
BH2 76-0455 LE1305 Platform with sensors and amplifiers<br />
for Food and Drink and Activity<br />
BH2 76-0456 LE1306 Drinking bottle Rat/Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0457 LE1307 Feeding Container Rat/Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0081 METAINT Metabolism Software Experimental Module –<br />
Food and Drink Intake<br />
ACTIVITY COMPONENTS<br />
BH2 76-0455 LE1305 Platform with sensors and amplifiers<br />
for Food and Drink and Activity<br />
BH2 76-0459 LE1308 IR Frame for Rearing Detection<br />
BH2 76-0087 METAACT Metabolism Software Experimental Module –<br />
Activity and Rearing Detection<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
107
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
Metabolism Software and Associated Modules<br />
Metabolism Software<br />
software species is hardware specific<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Converts and analyzes analog signals received from the<br />
different modules of our Oxylet System<br />
➤ Calculates data in user-defined intervals of time<br />
➤ Allows correlation between food/drink consumption, O2/CO2<br />
metabolism and associated animal spontaneous activity<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ O2 consumption<br />
➤ CO2 production<br />
➤ Respiratory quotient (O2/CO2)<br />
➤ Energy Expenditure (using Weir equation)<br />
➤ Food consumption by user-defined interval of time<br />
➤ Drink consumption by user-defined interval of time<br />
➤ Mean activity by user-defined interval of time<br />
➤ Number of rearing by user-defined interval of time<br />
➤ Treadmill Data if applicable – speed, covered distance, number<br />
of shocks received, total duration of shocks received<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Software CD<br />
➤ Cables and connectors<br />
➤ Instruction manual<br />
METABOLISM software is the last element of the chain of components<br />
of the Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> modular OXYLET system.<br />
METABOLISM allows the extraction of the data obtained from these<br />
Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> devices as well as the calculation of<br />
important parameters for physiological studies. A combined evaluation<br />
of the respiration metabolism, food/drink intake, spontaneous activity<br />
and rearing is then rendered possible by the use of this very simple and<br />
easy-to-use software.<br />
METABOLISM consists in different modules, activated upon customer<br />
request:<br />
• META-OXY -> for O2/CO2 metabolism studies<br />
(Including treadmill based studies).<br />
• META-INT -> for Intake studies<br />
• META-ACT -> for Activity studies (Including rearing)<br />
The program gets data in digital form from the Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong><br />
<strong>Apparatus</strong> devices. METABOLISM can also import and convert analog<br />
data from the *.txt files generated by Data Acquisition Systems<br />
(PowerLab ® recommended).<br />
Analog output from each of the software modules is intergrated and a<br />
graphical representation of the time course for each parameter is<br />
available. Evaluation curves allow an easy correlation between<br />
calorimetry, intake and activity.<br />
Gathered data can be processed and re-processed using different time<br />
intervals of calculation. The program displays a data table which can<br />
be saved in Excel format for further analysis.<br />
Specifications<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
System Requirements<br />
Order # Model<br />
3 GHz processor or higher (CELERON excluded;<br />
4GHz recommended), 256 MB of RAM<br />
(512 MB recommended)<br />
Windows ® 98, 2000, XP or Vista compatible<br />
operating system (XP recommended)<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0080 METABOLISM Metabolism Studies Plarform<br />
Needs Metabolism Experimental<br />
Modules for Calorimetry, Food & Drink Intake<br />
and/or Associated Activity and Rearing<br />
Respectively<br />
BH2 76-0145 META-OXY Metabolism Software Experimental Module -<br />
Calorimetry (Respiratory Metabolism)<br />
BH2 76-0081 META-INT Metabolism Software Experimental Module -<br />
Food & Drink Intake Monitoring<br />
BH2 76-0087 META-ACT Metabolism Software<br />
Experimental Module -<br />
Activity and/or Rearing Recording<br />
108<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
PheCOMP System<br />
Applications continued<br />
➤ Meal Pattern Analysis<br />
➤ Addiction<br />
➤ Reward<br />
➤ Obesity<br />
➤ Alcohol Dependence<br />
➤ Anxiety<br />
Components Included<br />
➤ Home cage<br />
➤ Floor Grid<br />
➤ Top lid with filter<br />
➤ Platform including bridge amplifier, A/D converter,<br />
and data display<br />
Options<br />
➤ IR Frames for Activity and Rearing recording<br />
➤ Wire bar lid for MultiTake<br />
➤ Two-compartment separator<br />
PheCOMP System<br />
Key Features<br />
➤ Cutting-edge system for studying compulsive food and drink<br />
behavior in rodents<br />
➤ Unmatched sensitivity for mice (20 mg)<br />
➤ Pioneers in the use of very high stability weight transducers<br />
➤ Multiple combinations of dispensers<br />
➤ Ensures complete retrieving of food and liquid wastage<br />
➤ Uncompromised access to food<br />
➤ Continuous recording<br />
➤ External dispensers preserving animal living space<br />
➤ Compact system with minimal maintenance<br />
➤ Enables place preference studies<br />
Parameters Measured<br />
➤ Food and drink intake amount (Compulse)<br />
➤ Meal pattern analysis (Compulse)<br />
➤ Global Activity (ActiTrack)<br />
➤ Animal Tracking (ActiTrack)<br />
Applications<br />
➤ Food and Drink Intake<br />
➤ Compulsive behavior tests – food/liquid preference,<br />
food/drink adulteration, anticipatory place preference<br />
➤ Global Activity<br />
➤ Locomotor Activity<br />
➤ Rearing<br />
➤ Stereotypies<br />
➤ Circadian Rhythms<br />
The PheCOMP system is an innovative solution for measuring<br />
food/liquid consumption and correlated motor activity as a means of<br />
assessing compulsive behavior in rodents.<br />
Developed as part of the EC-funded PHECOMP project<br />
(www.phecomp.com), this system allows for the behavioral<br />
characterization of several animal models of neuropsychiatric<br />
disorders related to compulsive behavior in a home cage environment.<br />
The Panlab/<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> PheCOMP system uses weight<br />
transducer technology for measuring food and drink consumption, thus<br />
allowing a continuous signal and precise analysis of animal meal<br />
pattern with our associated powerful software package. The animal<br />
home cage can be associated with up to four external units for food or<br />
drink, all user-defined. The system registers absorbed food and its<br />
wastage by means of weight transducers of very high stability mounted<br />
into the supporting platform under each cage. The volume of water<br />
consumed, along with any leakage, is also accounted for using the<br />
same transducers.<br />
Animal activity and rearing are recorded simultaneously using 2-<br />
dimensional infrared frames. The signals from each weight transducer<br />
unit and the IR frame are amplified, digitalized and sent to the PheCOMP<br />
software for data acquisition and analysis. A track of the animal’s activity<br />
is recorded and can be analyzed using our ActiTrack software for further<br />
analysis of the animal’s position throughout the experiment.<br />
They system can be expanded easily with a single cable connecting the<br />
platforms in series and the last platform is connected by RS-232/USB to<br />
the PC.<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com<br />
109
Food & Drink/Metabolism<br />
PheCOMP System (continued)<br />
The modular design of the PheCOMP system allows a wide range of<br />
experimental procedures for characterizing the evolution of animal<br />
compulsive behavior:<br />
• General schedule for behavioral testing obese vs.<br />
non-obese animals<br />
• Choice test<br />
• Bitter test<br />
• Starvation<br />
• Screening of anti-obesity compounds<br />
Specifications<br />
Accuracy<br />
Home Cage Dimensions<br />
Platform Dimensions<br />
Activity IR Frame<br />
Rearing IR Frame<br />
Computer Requirements<br />
< 0.03 mg for both food and drink<br />
189 x 297 x 128 mm<br />
410 x 320 x 75 mm<br />
400 x 290 x 13 mm, 16 x 16 beams (16mm spaced)<br />
400 x 16 mm, 16 x 16 beams (16 mm spaced)<br />
Windows ® 98, 2000, XP or Vista compatible<br />
system, 3 GHz Hard disk, 512 MB or RAM (1GM<br />
recommended), 256 color palette graphics card<br />
for 1024 x 768 pixels, 32 bit true color RGB display,<br />
one free RS-232 port or 1 free USB port<br />
Order # Model<br />
Product<br />
BH2 76-0203 MultiTake PheCOMP System Including Home Cage, Lid<br />
with Filter, Grid Floor, Bridge Amplifies, A/D<br />
Converter, RS-232 (USB), Data Display. Requires<br />
Combinations of LE1401 and LE1402<br />
BH2 76-0204 Compulse PheCOMP System Software<br />
OPTIONS<br />
BH2 76-0209 LE1401 MultiTake Feeder for Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0210 LE1402 MultiTake Drink Unit 150 ml for Mouse<br />
BH2 76-0206 LE8827 MultiTake IR Frames for Activity/Rearing<br />
BH2 76-0425 LE1403 MultiTake 2-Compartment Divider<br />
BH2 76-0205 LE1404 MultiTake Home Cage Top Filter<br />
BH2 76-0207 LE1405 MultiTake Grid Floor<br />
BH2 76-0208 LE1406 MultiTake Wire Bar Lid<br />
BH2 76-0003 ActiTrack ActiTrack Software for Activity/Rearing<br />
110<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com<br />
Panlab | <strong>Harvard</strong> <strong>Apparatus</strong> • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com