FAMILIAL ADAPTATIONS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ...
FAMILIAL ADAPTATIONS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ...
FAMILIAL ADAPTATIONS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ...
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5 .......<br />
whpete-3oportion-:-of:-fli'skill d'IlTb ---- --- on teh ecreaed<br />
of migrant<br />
T pre ~tge it<br />
skilIled labour increased from,. 5.7% in'1975<br />
contrast,<br />
tod<br />
the<br />
58.7%'in,1980.<br />
percentage'<br />
8$<br />
of migrant un skitj 1ed'Iabour decreased<br />
1975<br />
'from<br />
to 41 .3% in<br />
54.3%'i<br />
1,980 (El Gabaly 1983;88)',<br />
.ji~~<br />
With respect to the<br />
labourargume~nt<br />
importing<br />
regarding<br />
countries,<br />
"demrand"<br />
Professor<br />
onte<br />
Abdel<br />
,ato<br />
Basit Abdel<br />
the<br />
Mucti<br />
demand<br />
rmarks<br />
for labour<br />
that<br />
in the Gulf area is illusory n<br />
in the Gulf<br />
fa6t<br />
states half<br />
(3a<br />
econ mic lly act ,eeconomca'!l1 of<br />
ve..<br />
the<br />
Moreover,<br />
populaio<br />
th' e<br />
(he<br />
w o a<br />
fem<br />
e c ns <br />
.<br />
d r<br />
h If)<br />
d y Js '"active<br />
7'<br />
are not always, involved in productive work' Addit ionally <br />
sectors of<br />
ile<br />
the<br />
Wsome<br />
economics of these states suffer 'frm"; ia'ked.unemploymient,<br />
others exhibit.a clear shortage (Gaballah 1983:13).<br />
A~<br />
In contrast to the economisti , exlanatioer<br />
psychological reductionist <br />
(Saleh<br />
ireferences<br />
1977), a number'of<br />
to<br />
Egyptian<br />
"wrdview",-and".<br />
social<br />
"Imotivations"<br />
analysts suggest<br />
capitalist<br />
that" p<br />
development<br />
n<br />
in .Egypt and' the 1abour-impbrting<br />
provides the<br />
Arb<br />
key<br />
countries<br />
to a more<br />
e<br />
appropriate explanatio of<br />
(ibid.).<br />
I b r<br />
Beyond<br />
u nfj1ow'<br />
individual and family motivations 'and<br />
confronting<br />
st12tegiesof.<br />
economic problems, the wave of 1labour<br />
product<br />
.fIow<br />
of certain<br />
from E'ypt<br />
historical structural transformations<br />
aspirations which<br />
of individuals<br />
trancd<br />
and families for accumulation<br />
the<br />
of<br />
borders<br />
wealth'<br />
of their<br />
'acr6ss1<br />
country. As Mark<br />
1Wojno'hasobserved<br />
for Portugal.'<br />
migration [itself4iS] a< symptom of unnd<br />
dependence,-conditi'ns nich in turn are shaped by'te rplay,.<br />
between regional, national and international lores(W6jfno 1982:1)7<br />
':,<br />
"''l<br />
Changes in ?thepolicies of the. Egyptian govei'ment<br />
relation<br />
Tlustat<br />
between.<br />
t,<br />
migration patterns and<br />
strategies.<br />
politically-inspired<br />
The differential<br />
developet.<br />
valuations of workers' -an thei<br />
remittances are functions of the. framework of<br />
period<br />
development<br />
of Egypt's<br />
)uring<br />
state<br />
the.<br />
capitalist development based on<br />
industrialization,<br />
lpublic s e 6 r<br />
migration to neighbouring Arab<br />
Nasser<br />
was<br />
believed<br />
restr,.cted.<br />
-ountr.es<br />
that any6ne who could find work abroadw-ould$ be. great'ly<br />
needed at home (Waterberry 1983:24'. <br />
, ~ ~<br />
.<br />
Under Sadat, and withi n the 'ramework of his<br />
increased<br />
'ODEP,'Athe<br />
dramatically.<br />
labour exodus<br />
Not only,, did Sadat facilitate,<br />
he also<br />
1abour<br />
emphasized<br />
:mi gration<br />
migration as a constitutional ight<br />
citizen.<br />
o_ every,<br />
He considered<br />
Egyp T tian<br />
migration a challenge thatwouldprove,<br />
capacity to<br />
Eg<br />
produce successive generations of sts "d<br />
(Mayo, May 11, 1981). Although Egypt has' not<br />
policy in<br />
hadlan'official<br />
recent years<br />
migration<br />
(UN 1982), the government, has<br />
the . exodus<br />
'definIitel enco<br />
of both<br />
aged<br />
ski1led and unskilI led Egyptiaps laiiients, abou't the<br />
"brain drain' are Contra'uifted,, by~the governnents,. support,-of ;the migration