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FAMILIAL ADAPTATIONS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ...

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5 .......<br />

whpete-3oportion-:-of:-fli'skill d'IlTb ---- --- on teh ecreaed<br />

of migrant<br />

T pre ~tge it<br />

skilIled labour increased from,. 5.7% in'1975<br />

contrast,<br />

tod<br />

the<br />

58.7%'in,1980.<br />

percentage'<br />

8$<br />

of migrant un skitj 1ed'Iabour decreased<br />

1975<br />

'from<br />

to 41 .3% in<br />

54.3%'i<br />

1,980 (El Gabaly 1983;88)',<br />

.ji~~<br />

With respect to the<br />

labourargume~nt<br />

importing<br />

regarding<br />

countries,<br />

"demrand"<br />

Professor<br />

onte<br />

Abdel<br />

,ato<br />

Basit Abdel<br />

the<br />

Mucti<br />

demand<br />

rmarks<br />

for labour<br />

that<br />

in the Gulf area is illusory n<br />

in the Gulf<br />

fa6t<br />

states half<br />

(3a<br />

econ mic lly act ,eeconomca'!l1 of<br />

ve..<br />

the<br />

Moreover,<br />

populaio<br />

th' e<br />

(he<br />

w o a<br />

fem<br />

e c ns <br />

.<br />

d r<br />

h If)<br />

d y Js '"active<br />

7'<br />

are not always, involved in productive work' Addit ionally <br />

sectors of<br />

ile<br />

the<br />

Wsome<br />

economics of these states suffer 'frm"; ia'ked.unemploymient,<br />

others exhibit.a clear shortage (Gaballah 1983:13).<br />

A~<br />

In contrast to the economisti , exlanatioer<br />

psychological reductionist <br />

(Saleh<br />

ireferences<br />

1977), a number'of<br />

to<br />

Egyptian<br />

"wrdview",-and".<br />

social<br />

"Imotivations"<br />

analysts suggest<br />

capitalist<br />

that" p<br />

development<br />

n<br />

in .Egypt and' the 1abour-impbrting<br />

provides the<br />

Arb<br />

key<br />

countries<br />

to a more<br />

e<br />

appropriate explanatio of<br />

(ibid.).<br />

I b r<br />

Beyond<br />

u nfj1ow'<br />

individual and family motivations 'and<br />

confronting<br />

st12tegiesof.<br />

economic problems, the wave of 1labour<br />

product<br />

.fIow<br />

of certain<br />

from E'ypt<br />

historical structural transformations<br />

aspirations which<br />

of individuals<br />

trancd<br />

and families for accumulation<br />

the<br />

of<br />

borders<br />

wealth'<br />

of their<br />

'acr6ss1<br />

country. As Mark<br />

1Wojno'hasobserved<br />

for Portugal.'<br />

migration [itself4iS] a< symptom of unnd<br />

dependence,-conditi'ns nich in turn are shaped by'te rplay,.<br />

between regional, national and international lores(W6jfno 1982:1)7<br />

':,<br />

"''l<br />

Changes in ?thepolicies of the. Egyptian govei'ment<br />

relation<br />

Tlustat<br />

between.<br />

t,<br />

migration patterns and<br />

strategies.<br />

politically-inspired<br />

The differential<br />

developet.<br />

valuations of workers' -an thei<br />

remittances are functions of the. framework of<br />

period<br />

development<br />

of Egypt's<br />

)uring<br />

state<br />

the.<br />

capitalist development based on<br />

industrialization,<br />

lpublic s e 6 r<br />

migration to neighbouring Arab<br />

Nasser<br />

was<br />

believed<br />

restr,.cted.<br />

-ountr.es<br />

that any6ne who could find work abroadw-ould$ be. great'ly<br />

needed at home (Waterberry 1983:24'. <br />

, ~ ~<br />

.<br />

Under Sadat, and withi n the 'ramework of his<br />

increased<br />

'ODEP,'Athe<br />

dramatically.<br />

labour exodus<br />

Not only,, did Sadat facilitate,<br />

he also<br />

1abour<br />

emphasized<br />

:mi gration<br />

migration as a constitutional ight<br />

citizen.<br />

o_ every,<br />

He considered<br />

Egyp T tian<br />

migration a challenge thatwouldprove,<br />

capacity to<br />

Eg<br />

produce successive generations of sts "d<br />

(Mayo, May 11, 1981). Although Egypt has' not<br />

policy in<br />

hadlan'official<br />

recent years<br />

migration<br />

(UN 1982), the government, has<br />

the . exodus<br />

'definIitel enco<br />

of both<br />

aged<br />

ski1led and unskilI led Egyptiaps laiiients, abou't the<br />

"brain drain' are Contra'uifted,, by~the governnents,. support,-of ;the migration

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