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Character and Symbol in Josd Lezama Lima's. Paradiso Fiona Ritchie M. A. (St. Andrews) A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, May 1982.
igh t _Cýr I allow unlimited access to this thesis at all times. My permission must be obtained in writing if all or any part of this thesis is to be photocopied. S igned Da te 2-Ist. H, 2A, ý. 1962
Page 1: 04.=.0?2= .91 >A8/;7 59 6;>^ 72B.8.
Page 5 and 6: To Peter, the best friend of all.
Page 7 and 8: i Table of CQntents Table of Conten
Page 9 and 10: iii Abbreviated Titles - Books "Ani
Page 11 and 12: INTR0DUCT10N Despite Lezama's insis
Page 13 and 14: 3 remarks in interviews often revea
Page 15 and 16: 5 meaning to some of Lezama's poetr
Page 17 and 18: 7 in frenzied sexual activity and s
Page 19 and 20: 9 who inculcate in Cemi a great res
Page 21 and 22: Notes I "Interrogando a Lezama Lima
Page 23 and 24: ChapterI Jos4 Cemi's Lineage 1. Jos
Page 25 and 26: 15 These terms are employed by Leza
Page 27 and 28: 17 by her marriage to Jos(ý Eugeni
Page 29 and 30: 19 JosO Maria Lezama shares with Jo
Page 31 and 32: 21 happy state of affairs, a verita
Page 33 and 34: 23 Having established the latter id
Page 35 and 36: 25 natural beauty recalls a lost Ed
Page 37 and 38: 27 a practical example of Lezama's
Page 39 and 40: 29 accidente entre nosotros., y eso
Page 41 and 42: 31 cultivating these palms has also
Page 43 and 44: 33 qualities of both grandparents a
Page 45 and 46: 35 first glimpse of her delighfully
Page 47 and 48: 37 wishes to lift them out of their
Page 49 and 50: 39 chooses to climb upon, in her so
Page 51 and 52: 41 possesses both extreme old age a
Page 53 and 54:
43 La obtenci6n de esa luz blanca n
Page 55 and 56:
45 expressed at the beginning of Le
Page 57 and 58:
47 conciencia de que es vigilado, s
Page 59 and 60:
49 counterpoint to the apparent tri
Page 61 and 62:
51 19 "Paradiso y el sistema, " p.
Page 63 and 64:
53 reaching up intall her youthful
Page 65 and 66:
55 the reader ,, particularly in us
Page 67 and 68:
57 when he claims that "Michelena e
Page 69 and 70:
59 In "Introduccift a los vasos 6rf
Page 71 and 72:
61 Phrases such as "la mujer que lo
Page 73 and 74:
63 Lezama thus juxtaposes the conce
Page 75 and 76:
65 The woman/manatee continues her
Page 77 and 78:
67 creative power, there may be a c
Page 79 and 80:
69 themselves from historical Time.
Page 81 and 82:
71 example of the "recurrencias den
Page 83 and 84:
73 los simbolos" (1,73). Mendil and
Page 85 and 86:
75 Grace in Christian terms (betwee
Page 87 and 88:
77 the Olayas. The death of Andresi
Page 89 and 90:
79 In other words, Lezama wants the
Page 91 and 92:
81 to be portents of the union of t
Page 93 and 94:
83 whole being is convulsed in an i
Page 95 and 96:
85 Nothing has been concealed from
Page 97 and 98:
87 Josg Eugenio Cemr era un punto d
Page 99 and 100:
89 friends ("la proliferaci6n de lo
Page 101 and 102:
91 criolla": "La espuma del tu6tano
Page 103 and 104:
93 del rayo solar ordenaba sus tran
Page 105 and 106:
95 We see him in his prime, as a su
Page 107 and 108:
Notes I "Interrogando a Lezama Lima
Page 109 and 110:
CHAPTER III The Childhood of Josd C
Page 111 and 112:
101 The poet thus has the duties of
Page 113 and 114:
103 Cemi's own work. However we can
Page 115 and 116:
105 wish to flee, as from something
Page 117 and 118:
107 Zoar's body appears to become l
Page 119 and 120:
109 story of Creation in the. Popul
Page 121 and 122:
III years old, as in the first chap
Page 123 and 124:
113 asustado ahora por su susto" (1
Page 125 and 126:
115 fish leads him to the safety of
Page 127 and 128:
117 trauma with what appears to be
Page 129 and 130:
119 correct some sort of original m
Page 131 and 132:
121 de hojas gigantescas, de visibl
Page 133 and 134:
123 Jos4 Eugenio and Rialta's new r
Page 135 and 136:
125 by them to achieve this end, in
Page 137 and 138:
127 been made. Related so closely t
Page 139 and 140:
129 The Colonel's success in routin
Page 141 and 142:
131 appearing in the dream; he righ
Page 143 and 144:
133 andibamos por ese camino/ y aho
Page 145 and 146:
135 three years), we appreciate tha
Page 147 and 148:
137 There is no doubt that women ha
Page 149 and 150:
139 precious jewel set in a secret
Page 151 and 152:
141 emptiness and the void left in
Page 153 and 154:
143 The children's game of yaquis t
Page 155 and 156:
145 Their first moment of parting s
Page 157 and 158:
147 by attempting the impossible. C
Page 159 and 160:
149 In the developing consciousness
Page 161 and 162:
Notes I A., klvarez Bravo, ed., "Su
Page 163 and 164:
153 43 Ibid., p. 193. 44 "Interroga
Page 165 and 166:
155 Even in this simple way Alberto
Page 167 and 168:
157 his other appearances in the th
Page 169 and 170:
159 Before developing Alberto's rel
Page 171 and 172:
161 arcoiris, " "ariete rizado") li
Page 173 and 174:
163 that he has done this by adopti
Page 175 and 176:
165 of the quest is established: "u
Page 177 and 178:
167 la mentira" and "la cascada min
Page 179 and 180:
169 in Jos6 Eugenio's eyes. The lat
Page 181 and 182:
171 of (almost artistic) controlq A
Page 183 and 184:
173 us of a Fibo-like demonismo, as
Page 185 and 186:
175 until the link with Jos4 Eugeni
Page 187 and 188:
177 his mother's memory into a poet
Page 189 and 190:
179 underline their nobility of min
Page 191 and 192:
181 ship to form a new balance and
Page 193 and 194:
183 This could refer to Alberto's t
Page 195 and 196:
185 11 world of the image,, of leja
Page 197 and 198:
187 eras imaginarias: la biblioteca
Page 199 and 200:
189 to roost in the antlers (stone
Page 201 and 202:
191 precipitates his own death, pre
Page 203 and 204:
193 spiritual experiences are expre
Page 205 and 206:
195 ("Descends dans le cratýre de
Page 207 and 208:
197 a trap of his own making by "po
Page 209 and 210:
199 The key to an understanding of
Page 211 and 212:
201 Lezama insists that Farraluque
Page 213 and 214:
203 one of natural sleep: "fingia s
Page 215 and 216:
205 rite is established by the phra
Page 217 and 218:
207 encendida para un Anima muy pec
Page 219 and 220:
209 potions, they succumb to extinc
Page 221 and 222:
Notes I A. ýklvarez Bravo, ed., "S
Page 223 and 224:
213 43 J. Ortega, "Paradiso de Leza
Page 225 and 226:
215 with Cemi's evolving psyche and
Page 227 and 228:
217 goes to his death in despair, r
Page 229 and 230:
219 of the meeting of Cemi and Fron
Page 231 and 232:
221 ness , whether in relation to O
Page 233 and 234:
223 voyant par un long, immense et
Page 235 and 236:
225 reIr de las saltantes burlas de
Page 237 and 238:
227 Utilizaba su superioridad intel
Page 239 and 240:
229 murder of Foci6n by the youth o
Page 241 and 242:
231 In Foci6n's case, active self-c
Page 243 and 244:
233 conception occurs at the moment
Page 245 and 246:
235 experienced in their tenderness
Page 247 and 248:
237 many of the images connected th
Page 249 and 250:
239 This happy estate is therefore
Page 251 and 252:
241 that he must reject this life-s
Page 253 and 254:
243 former glory, they are fit for
Page 255 and 256:
245 must descend to and return from
Page 257 and 258:
247 Por primera vez Cemi, en su ado
Page 259 and 260:
249 posibilidad hist6rica de lo cub
Page 261 and 262:
251 also be played out in the lives
Page 263 and 264:
253 his fellow students, that is, t
Page 265 and 266:
255 oculta" (1,361). Lezama seems t
Page 267 and 268:
257 - Es como si ambos - replic6 Fr
Page 269 and 270:
259 balance between logic and intui
Page 271 and 272:
261 that "To the hero, the clutchin
Page 273 and 274:
263 Fronesis' ancestry is explained
Page 275 and 276:
265 plants; 1,174-6). Even though t
Page 277 and 278:
267 been accentuated by the girl's
Page 279 and 280:
269 Necesitaba de una oscuridad que
Page 281 and 282:
271 The god/man who appears next on
Page 283 and 284:
273 como las estrellas" (1,419). 61
Page 285 and 286:
275 friend has not apparently succu
Page 287 and 288:
277 just like the child who loses t
Page 289 and 290:
279 Despite their euphoria, there i
Page 291 and 292:
281 III. Cemf: Self Discovery esos
Page 293 and 294:
283 con ellos a conversar" (1,332).
Page 295 and 296:
285 Chaos to approach Order has bee
Page 297 and 298:
287 sombra que une el cielo silenci
Page 299 and 300:
289 b6squeda de la gota de oro, del
Page 301 and 302:
291 impotentes visceras" (1,452). I
Page 303 and 304:
293 the Parmenides, the mystic rela
Page 305 and 306:
295 of Revelation. Although there m
Page 307 and 308:
297 configurations; he becomes "el
Page 309 and 310:
299 en la piel ... " (1,501). Cemi
Page 311 and 312:
Notes 1 A. Vald6s, "Paradiso de Lez
Page 313 and 314:
303 51 A. L. Rowse,, Homosexuals in
Page 315 and 316:
305 alegorizar el tema del tiempo e
Page 317 and 318:
307 to his father's death leads ult
Page 319 and 320:
309 pictures on the vase seems to i
Page 321 and 322:
311 to meditate upon his childhood
Page 323 and 324:
313 difficult to interpret. He make
Page 325 and 326:
315 las fresas, parecia que pintaba
Page 327 and 328:
317 piedra en piedra. Una inmensa e
Page 329 and 330:
31? Why might Lezama have chosen a
Page 331 and 332:
321 masters his own past. Lezama's
Page 333 and 334:
Notes 1 J. CortAzar, "Para Ilegar a
Page 335 and 336:
325 adolescent dilemmas are importa
Page 337 and 338:
327 gence; instead these transforme
Page 339 and 340:
329 A la derecha del tim6n, un circ
Page 341 and 342:
331 Origenes.... " 8 The victims of
Page 343 and 344:
333 descriptive paragraphs, one whi
Page 345 and 346:
335 whelm Vivo with her power and a
Page 347 and 348:
1 337 es en la poesia de Baudelaire
Page 349 and 350:
339 identity comes to him although
Page 351 and 352:
341 el timbre" (1,589). All is now
Page 353 and 354:
343 tibetana" is synonymous with "l
Page 355 and 356:
345 Partia de la cartesiana progres
Page 357 and 358:
347 Licario and Death,, Foci6n's en
Page 359 and 360:
349 reflected through his mind in s
Page 361 and 362:
351 ni ser su amigo, las dos fuerza
Page 363 and 364:
353 Santi attributes the phrase to
Page 365 and 366:
355 represent "la naturaleza perdid
Page 367 and 368:
357 bufones, rendidos al sueTio, do
Page 369 and 370:
359 In alchemy, from which the term
Page 371 and 372:
361 (IIj 899). This applies to the
Page 373 and 374:
Notes 1 E. Rodriguez Monegal, "Para
Page 375 and 376:
365 that "his Dantean ascent not wi
Page 377 and 378:
367 the need to seek answers is awa
Page 379 and 380:
ON > 94 1-4 14 1-4 >4 0 0 C) N 0w r
Page 381 and 382:
371 e- til r W --j N3 C) . In 0 a (
Page 383 and 384:
373 Tratados en La Habana, pp. 393-
Page 385 and 386:
375 Bibliographies Becco, Horacio J
Page 387 and 388:
377 Sim6n, Pedro,, ed. Recopilaci6n
Page 389 and 390:
379 Bernaldez Bernaldez, Jos4 Maria
Page 391 and 392:
381 ---------- 0 "Vida de Lezama. "
Page 393 and 394:
383 "Otras opiniones. " In Recopila
Page 395 and 396:
385 Vald6s, Adriana. "Paradiso de L
Page 397 and 398:
387 Christian, John. Symbolists and
Page 399 and 400:
389 Koestler, Arthur. The Roots of
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