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Bosch Rexroth Experience Day

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<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Safety on Board, Mobiele toepassingen<br />

Wouter Leusden<br />

1<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Inhoud:<br />

• Europese Richtlijnen<br />

• Internationale normen<br />

• Risico analyse<br />

• Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met ISO 13849<br />

• 10 steps to performance level<br />

2<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Europese Richtlijnen<br />

• Fabrikant versus gebruikers<br />

Europese regelgeving<br />

• Machinerichtlijn 2006/42 EG<br />

• Laagspanningsrichtlijn 2006/95 EG<br />

• Atex richtlijn 94/9 EG<br />

• EMC richtlijn 2004/108 EG<br />

• PED richtlijn 97/23 EG<br />

• Directive for simple pressure vessels 2009/105 EG<br />

• Produkt veiligheid richtlijn 2001/95 EG<br />

• Arbo kaderrichtlijn 89/391 EEC<br />

• Richtlijn arbeidsmiddelen 89/655 EEC<br />

• Atex richtlijn 1999/92 EC<br />

Nationale wetgeving<br />

Fabrikanten<br />

Gebruikers<br />

3<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Internationale normen<br />

• Geharmoniseerd en niet geharmoniseerd, wat betekent dat?<br />

• Machinerichtlijn 2006/42 EG<br />

• Laagspanningsrichtlijn 2006/95 EG<br />

• Atex richtlijn 94/9 EG<br />

• EMC richtlijn 2004/108 EG<br />

• PED richtlijn 97/23 EG<br />

• Directive for simple pressure vessels 2009/105 EG<br />

• Produkt veiligheid richtlijn 2001/95 EG<br />

M.b.v. geharmoniseerde normen kun je een<br />

machine veilig ontwerpen en heb je een<br />

“vermoeden van overeenstemming”.<br />

• Geharmoniseerd wil zeggen: ”State of the art”<br />

(huidige stand van de techniek)<br />

• Een norm is geharmoniseerd als deze<br />

voorkomt in het publicatieblad van de<br />

Europese unie<br />

4<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Internationale normen<br />

• Normen (Mobiele) machines:<br />

ISO: International Standardization Organisation<br />

IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission<br />

EN: (CEN) Comitée Européen de Normalisation<br />

NBN: Bureau voor Normalisatie België<br />

DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung<br />

AFNOR: Association Francaise de Normalisation<br />

ISO = Internationaal<br />

EN = Europees<br />

DIN = nationaal (Duitsland)<br />

NEN = Nationaal (Nederland)<br />

5<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

A<br />

• Algemene (geharmoniseerde) norm voor risico analyses:<br />

• EN ISO 12100: 2010<br />

A<br />

Bepalen van de<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

B<br />

C<br />

B<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

D<br />

C<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

D<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

E<br />

E<br />

Ja<br />

Einde<br />

Veilig?<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

6<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

• Risico’s bij mobiele installaties,<br />

• Omgeving waarin de machine wordt gebruikt => Omstanders?!<br />

• Voorzienbaar misbruik!<br />

EN ISO 12100 (type A norm) beschrijft misbruik in paragraaf 5.4:<br />

c) Unintended behaviour of the operator or reasonably foreseeable misuse of the machine<br />

Examples include<br />

loss of control of the machine by the operator (especially for hand-held or mobile machines),<br />

reflex behaviour of a person in case of malfunction, incident or failure during the use of the<br />

machine,<br />

behaviour resulting from lack of concentration or carelessness,<br />

behaviour resulting from taking the “line of least resistance” in carrying out a task,<br />

behaviour resulting from pressures to keep the machine running in all circumstances, and<br />

behaviour of certain persons (for example, children, disabled persons).<br />

NOTE Examination of the available design documentation can be a useful means of identifying hazards<br />

related to the machinery, particularly those associated with moving elements such as motors or hydraulic<br />

cylinders.<br />

Type C-normen geven specifieke gevaren en gevaarlijke situaties!<br />

7<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

• Grenzen van de machine Bepalen van de<br />

A<br />

Gebruikstemperaturen?<br />

Snelheden, krachten van<br />

actuatoren?<br />

Druk, olietype?<br />

B<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

C<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

D<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

Spanning?<br />

Maar ook:<br />

Wat is het beoogde gebruik?<br />

En.. voorzienbaar misbruik<br />

E<br />

Ja<br />

Veilig?<br />

Einde<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

8<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

• Identificatie gevaren en situaties Bepalen van de<br />

A<br />

Machinerichtlijn 2006/42 EG:<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

-Hoofdstuk 1: Essentiële veiligheids- en gezondheidseisen.<br />

-Hoofdstuk 2: Met de hand vastgehouden en / of handgeleide machines.<br />

-Hoofdstuk 3: Aanvullende essentiële veiligheids- en gezondheidseisen om<br />

de gevaren te verhelpen te wijten aan de mobiliteit van<br />

machines.<br />

-Hoofdstuk 4: Aanvullende essentiële veiligheids- en gezondheidseisen om<br />

de aan hijs- of hefverrichtingen verbonden gevaren te<br />

verhelpen.<br />

-Hoofdstuk 5: Enz..<br />

Gebruik deze eisen als invulling van de risicoanalyse<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

Einde<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

Ja<br />

Veilig?<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

9<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

S: Serverity of injury<br />

1: Reversible: requiring first aid<br />

2: Reversible: requiring attention from a medical practitioner<br />

3: Irreversible: broken limb(s), losing a finger(s)<br />

4: Irreversible: death, losing an eye or arm<br />

• Risico inschatting: Bepalen van de<br />

A<br />

F: Frequency with duration >10 min<br />

(duration ≤ 10 min.: -1 point if > 1 hour)<br />

2: > 1 year<br />

3: > 2 weeks to ≤ 1 year<br />

4: >1 day to ≤ 2 weeks<br />

5: > 1hour to ≤ 1 day<br />

5: ≤ 1 hour<br />

W: Probabillity of occurence<br />

1: Negligible<br />

2: Rarely<br />

3: Possible<br />

4: Likely<br />

5: Very high<br />

P: Possibility of avoidance<br />

1: Likely<br />

2: Rarely<br />

3: Impossible<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

Einde<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

Risk Coefficient (R) = S * E (F + W + P)<br />

Ja<br />

Veilig?<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

10<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

• Risico evaluatie: Bepalen van de<br />

A<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

Risk Coefficient (R) = S * (F + W + P)<br />

B<br />

C<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

D<br />

E<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

Ja<br />

Veilig?<br />

Einde<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

11<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Risico analyse<br />

• Risico reductie: Bepalen van de<br />

A<br />

Risico reductie door:<br />

1- Aanpassen van het ontwerp<br />

B<br />

grenzen van een<br />

machine<br />

Identificatie van de<br />

gevaren en<br />

gevaarlijke situaties<br />

2- Veiligheidsschakeling(en) toepassen<br />

3- Waarschuwen voor risico’s<br />

(handleiding, pictogrammen)<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

Risico inschatting<br />

Risico evaluatie<br />

Ja<br />

Veilig?<br />

Einde<br />

Nee<br />

Risico reductie<br />

12<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Mogelijke gevaren en gevaarlijke situaties:<br />

Voorbeeld: EN 14439: 2006 (Hijskranen - Veiligheid – Torenkranen)<br />

(type C-norm, geharmoniseerd onder de MachineRichtlijn)<br />

•Tabel 1: (enkele voorbeelden)<br />

8.3: Risico’s i.v.m. niet gebruiken van persoonlijke<br />

beschermingsmiddelen<br />

10.4: Externe invloeden, zwaartekracht, wind etc.<br />

10.6: Door de operator veroorzaakte fouten (door het niet<br />

overeenstemmen van de machine en functies van de<br />

machine met de mogelijkheden van de mens)<br />

25.2: Uit positie raken van delen (wegdriften)<br />

Etc.<br />

Tip:<br />

Download de lijst met geharmoniseerde normen en bekijk welke C-normen<br />

(productspecifiek) van toepassing kunnen zijn.<br />

13<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

Begrippen:<br />

MTTFd (Mean Time To dangerous Failure)<br />

Statistische variabele die het aantal jaren aangeeft waarbij<br />

63% van de geteste componenten gevaarlijk uitvalt<br />

MTTFd = 2x MTTF<br />

(Datasheet met <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> MTTFd: RE08012)<br />

B10d (number of cycles)<br />

Gemiddeld aantal schakelingen waarbij 10% van het aantal<br />

geteste componenten gevaarlijk uitgevallen is<br />

B10d = 2x B10<br />

PFHd (Probable number of dangerous failures per hour)<br />

Gemiddelde aantal mogelijk gevaarlijk falen per uur<br />

T10d (service time)<br />

Gemiddelde tijd totdat 10% van het aantal geteste<br />

componenten gevaarlijk uitgevallen is<br />

Tm (mission Time)<br />

Theoretische levensduur van de machine (standaard 20 jaar)<br />

nop (number of operations)<br />

Aantal schakelingen per jaar<br />

14<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

PLr volgens ISO 13849-1<br />

(Performance level required)<br />

Zwaarte van verwonding<br />

S1: Lichte verwonding<br />

S2: Zware verwonding<br />

Frequentie en blootstellingsduur<br />

F1: Zelden tot soms en/of kort<br />

F2: Vaak en/of lange blootstelling<br />

Mogelijkheid tot ontwijken of<br />

beperken van schade<br />

P1: Mogelijk onder bepaalde<br />

omstandigheden<br />

P2: Bijna onmogelijk<br />

15<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

Opbouw van het Performance level<br />

Tabel K1 ISO 13849-1<br />

‣ Systeem categorie (B, 1, 2, 3, 4)<br />

‣ Betrouwbaarheid componenten (MTTFd, B10d)<br />

‣ Diagnostic coverage (DC) (alleen bij cat. 2,3,4)<br />

PFHd<br />

-> PL<br />

F1<br />

Sensor<br />

K1<br />

PLC<br />

1V3<br />

Voorstuurventiel<br />

1V4<br />

Terugslagklep<br />

1V5<br />

Ventiel<br />

1S3<br />

Schakelaar<br />

16<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

Totale MTTFd berekenen van de hydraulische schakeling<br />

1V3<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

1V5<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

1V4<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 1<br />

Kanaal 2<br />

Redundantie<br />

Cat . 3 of 4<br />

1S3<br />

(DC=99%)<br />

Procedure:<br />

1- MTTFd berekenen per kanaal<br />

2- MTTFd berekenen beide kanalen<br />

17<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

MTTFd berekenen kanaal 1<br />

1V3<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

1V4<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 1<br />

1V5<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 2<br />

1S3<br />

(DC=99%)<br />

Kanaal 1=<br />

MTTFd kanaal 1 = 75 jaar<br />

18<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

MTTFd berekenen kanaal 2<br />

1V3<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

1V4<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 1<br />

1V5<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 2<br />

1S3<br />

(DC=99%)<br />

MTTFd kanaal 2 = 150 jaar<br />

19<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

MTTFd berekenen kanaal 1 + 2<br />

1V3 + 1V4<br />

(MTTFd= 75J)<br />

1V5<br />

(MTTFd= 150J)<br />

Kanaal 1<br />

Kanaal 2<br />

MTTFd totaal<br />

= 88 jaar<br />

1S3<br />

(DC=99%)<br />

Let op! per kanaal MTTFd = max. 100 jaar!<br />

20<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

DCavg berekenen (stap 6):<br />

(gemiddelde Diagnostic Coverage)<br />

DC1= 90-99%<br />

(Indirect monitoring)<br />

Hydraulisch verbonden<br />

(daarom indirect maar wel<br />

99%)<br />

DC2= 99%<br />

(Direct monitoring)<br />

DC3= 60%<br />

(Proces) (DC= “low” volgens ISO 13849-1)<br />

21<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

DCavg= 86%<br />

‣ Systeem categorie (B, 1, 2, 3, 4)<br />

• Redundantie -> Cat 3 of 4<br />

PFHd bepalen hydrauliek<br />

‣ Betrouwbaarheid componenten (MTTFd, B10d)<br />

• MTTFd totaal -> 88 jaar<br />

‣ Diagnostic coverage (DC) (bij cat. 2,3,4)<br />

• DC gemiddeld -> 86 % (low)<br />

MTTFd= 88 Jaar<br />

22<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


<strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> <strong>Experience</strong> <strong>Day</strong><br />

Veiligheid bij mobiele installaties<br />

• Veiligheid berekenen met EN ISO 13849:<br />

Opbouw van het totale Performance level<br />

Om het totale PL te kunnen bepalen dient men de PFHd’s op te tellen<br />

Input Logic Output<br />

<strong>Rexroth</strong><br />

HM20,<br />

Cat. 3,<br />

MTTfd =<br />

315Jaar<br />

DC = 60%<br />

<strong>Rexroth</strong><br />

Bodas<br />

RC28-14<br />

Cat. 3,<br />

MTTFd=<br />

100Jaar<br />

DC= 90%<br />

Hydraulische<br />

schakeling:<br />

Cat. 3,<br />

MTTFd=<br />

88Jaar<br />

DC= 86%<br />

PLd<br />

PFHd=<br />

1.01 x 10-7<br />

PFHd=<br />

4.29×10–8<br />

PFHd=<br />

1.35×10–7<br />

+ + =<br />

PFHd_totaal=<br />

2.79 x10-7<br />

23<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.


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24<br />

08/10/2013 | Wouter Leusden DCBN SLE/SET1 | © <strong>Bosch</strong> <strong>Rexroth</strong> AG 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing,<br />

distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

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