English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

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Lepordae Lepus fagani Ethiopian Hare Hagos Yohannes, 2006 personal observation In the Buri Peninsula, there are about 66 bird species which include: Struthio camelus (Ostrich), Ardeotis arabs (Arabian bustard), Rhodophoneus cruentus (Rosy-patched bush shrike), Merops orientalis (Little green bee eater), Anthreptes platarus metallicus (Pygmy sun bird), Trachyphonus margaritatus (Yellow-breasted), Pycnonotus barbatus, (Whitevented bulbul) etc. Most of these bird species are in a good condition and are stable while some of them like the Arabian bustard are getting rare and require special conservation attention. Threats The most serious bush land, grassland and wooded grassland habitats threats are: - Uncontrolled fire devastates a lot of woodland and grasslands, - Expansion of villages and towns, - Expansion of agriculture, - Recurrent droughts, - Invasive alien specie (Prosopis juliflora; Corvus splendens), - Illegal hunting of wildlife around Buri and Wengebo 1.3.1.4 Barren Land/ Semi desert Ecosystem The barren land/semi desert ecosystem occurs in the eastern coastal plains and in some parts of the north western of Eritrea. The total area is estimated at about 47,301 km 2 , (FAO, 1997). Status and Trend The climate in the semi desert area is so dry with very small and so erratic rainfall. Most of the land is bare and covered with sand duns. There is no recent comprehensive study conducted on the status of biological diversity in this particular ecosystem, but according to the biodiversity stocktaking assessment (DoE, 1999) there exist drought and salt tolerant grass species such as: Panicum turgidum, Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus ciliata, Leptothrium senegalens and Aristida sp., along with Euphorbia granulata. Tribulus longipetalus, Indigofera anabaptista, Indigofera spinosa, Pavonia kotschyi, and Tephrosia sp. In the wadis, there are just a few Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana, A. ehrenbergiana, A.nubica, Cadaba rotundifolia, Commiphora abyssinica, Tamarix aphylla), Ziziphus spina christi , Salvadora persica and Delonix elata. The number of species, which are found in the northern part of the semi desert area of the coastal plans, clustered under different families is stated in Table-9. Table 9: Plant species (woody and none woody) found in the semi-desert area of the northern part of the coastal plains Family Number of Species Family Number of Species 16
Acanthaceae 1 Malvaceae 2 Aizoaceae 1 Mimosaceae 4 Amaranthaceae 2 Orobanchaceae 1 Asclepiadaceae 2 Papilionaceae 6 Asparagaceae 1 Plumbaginaceae 1 balanitaceae 1 Rhamnaceae 1 Boraginaceae 4 Rhizophoraceae 2 Burseraceae 1 Rubiaceae 1 Caesalpiniaceae 2 Salvadoraceae 2 Capparidaceae 4 Solanaceae 2 Chenopodiaceae 6 Tamaricaceae 1 Compositae 1 Verbenaceae 1 Cruciferae 1 Vitaceae 1 Euphorbiaceae 4 Zygophyllaceae 3 Cyperaceae 3 Typhaceae 1 Gramineae 23 - - Total 31 86 Source: Biodiversity Stocktaking Assessment (1998) N.B: No study is available on availability and status of mammalian and bird species in the semi-desert areas. Threats • Cutting brushwood to build di<strong>version</strong>s and bunds for seasonal, spate floods that come from the uplands and to use it for small scale irrigation near some wadis are causing significant degradation to the Acacia trees and other bushy plants; • Invasion of the invasive alien species mainly Prosopis juliflora along the sides of the wadies (e.g. in Krora, Ila Tsaeda, Algen-Melit); • Desert locust and pesticide spray (This area is the main breeding ground of the desert locust) • Excessive grazing and browsing by camels and goats 1.3.2 Marine Biodiversity The coastline of the Eritrean runs for about 1,350 km, stretching from the coastal village of Ras Kasar near the Sudanese border in the north, to the village of Ras Dumera near Djibouti in the south (State of the Coast, 2007). In addition it contains more than 350 islands that form a shoreline of 1950Km. The area of the Eritrean landmass is estimated about 124,000 km 2 and its territorial waters cover an area of about 55,000 km 2 . Besides, the exclusive economic zone spans over 120,000 km 2 , and watersheds linked to the coast are best estimated at 55,000 km 2 . The continental shelf (down to a depth of about 200m) extends from the coast to a maximum 17
Page 1 and 2: The State of Eritrea Ministry of La
Page 3 and 4: 3.5 CONTRIBUTION OF MAINSTREAMING I
Page 5 and 6: IRC Impact Review Committee IWRM In
Page 7 and 8: clearing for agricultural purposes,
Page 9 and 10: of food, income and employment has
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY
Page 13 and 14: Figure:- 1. Agro ecological zones o
Page 15 and 16: finger millet, 3 for sesame and 2 f
Page 17 and 18: aboon), all the rest mammals are co
Page 19 and 20: environment as a whole. Irrigated a
Page 21 and 22: Threats of the Forest Ecosystem The
Page 23 and 24: Elephantidae Loxodonta Africana Afr
Page 25: Table 7: Number of the major woody
Page 29 and 30: 1.3.2.1 Aquatic Ecosystem: The Red
Page 31 and 32: Gurgussum, Dehil, Baradu, Tio, Sahi
Page 33 and 34: Figure 6: Coastal communities heavi
Page 35 and 36: • Bryde’s whale or Tropical wha
Page 37 and 38: • Additional disturbance especial
Page 39 and 40: Figure-10: Sandy shores and mud-fla
Page 41 and 42: 5 for taff, 3 for pearl millet, 3 f
Page 43 and 44: Trend showing annaully planted area
Page 45 and 46: identified to be grown in Eritrea.
Page 47 and 48: overgrazing during dry season and u
Page 49 and 50: picture of great complexity, compri
Page 51 and 52: there are four indigenous breeds of
Page 53 and 54: Livestock contribute also to the na
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER II CURRENT STATUS OF NATION
Page 57 and 58: Information acquisition and storage
Page 59 and 60: the CBD to explore the ways in whic
Page 61 and 62: The implementation of the managemen
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Page 65 and 66: 5) Identification, survey and board
Page 67 and 68: Contribute to Article 7 of CBD by s
Page 69 and 70: (capacity building) Strategy 10.1 I
Page 71 and 72: 2.2.2 Marine Biodiversity Objective
Page 73 and 74: Strategy 4.1 Identify, monitor and
Page 75 and 76: (8) Information acquisition and sto
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5) Develop a suitable mechanism for
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2.2.3 Agricultural Biodiversity Obj
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Strategy 3.1 Improve knowledge and
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3) Develop and adopt complementary
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2) Study biodiversity system of cro
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CHAPTER III SECTORAL AND CROSS-SECT
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conducted at all levels to sensitiz
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• Potable Water Regulations in Fi
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investors are engaged in exploring
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compromising the sustainability of
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production systems; and 5) Moderniz
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• Application of land tenure syst
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To integrate environmental issues i
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which is believed to be declining i
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upon biodiversity, reduced. Target
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this alien invasive species. Plant
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In Eritrea the NWFP still continue
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Eritrea is from the recipient end o
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Goal 2: Parties have improved finan
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4.2 Every Party to the Cartagena Pr
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situ conservation, research and tra
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B. Process of preparation of nation
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Appendix II - Further Sources of In
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SOS Sahel International -----. Asse
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