TI56320001 - Legacy Tobacco Documents Library

World Tobacco
THE QUARTERLY MAGAZINE FOR THE WORLD TOBACCO INDUSTRY
INTHIS ISSUE
• Multi-route processing
near an Italian shrine
• The'usability'concept
in evaluating tobacco
• Pakistan in perspective
• How Canada copes with a
case of frostbite
• A buyer's market for
India's big 1983 crop?
TI56320001

"S3
Wherever excellence is a way of life,
the swing is to Rothmans King Size.
Rothmans extra length, finer filter
and the best tobaccos money can buy
give you true King Size flavour
Rothmans King Size realty satisfies.
ROTHMANS-THE GREATEST NAME IN CIGARETTES
V
T156320002

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CONTENTS: DECEMBER 1982 Number 79
Ubersetzungen Traductions Traducciones
Seite Page Pagina 33
Commentary The Editor's column
Perspective News • Views • Trends
Pakistan Tobacco export prospects
Technology New machinery and supplies
Promotion Ideas with marketing impact
Opinion Views on national imagery
Bookshelf Review of new titles
Canada Export priority after the frost
Leaf supply News from the leaflands
Italy i Flexibility in new threshing plant
Spain To use more domestic tobacco
Buying Defining the 'usability' factor
TOBACCO IN INDIA
Marketing More than the buyers require
Burley Bulgaria helping to lift exports
Exports Rising demand for hookah paste
Trade Selling non-traditional tobaccos
Auctions Trials start soon in Mysore area
Austria Monopoly patronage of the arts
Innovation New brands and packs
Advertisers' Index-page 36
5--?' • •
' : I.."" j&SW: ".* ^O 1982 International Trade Publications Ltd.
'-&&*••• Subscriptions cost US$46.00 per year post free Published quarterly
^•^tibrary serial No: ISSN 0043-9126
;*.'^S-M»*%Si»1S^ifvwjSecond class postage paid NY NY; USPS No: 857320
^Z C-Jj ' US mailing agent: Expediters of the Printed Word Inc.,
P^^Sl$S^t^BZt, Madison Avenue (Suite 1217), New York, NY 10022
^-ll'.'^V^'-^t-f^f-iNotid Tobacco is published by International Trade Publications Ltd.
iwJSjgjj^S^The directors are G. E. Fowkes (Chairman), John Hooper, Vivian Raven
naging), Michael F. Barford, Fred Allen, Anthony Dorrity and
hony J.Pike.
. Printed in Britain at The Grange Prats, Southwfck, Sussex

3 j ~ 0 - . • • - I ' - . V
MVe'm proud tosee
our work go up in smoke
H&R has a burning message for all who
work with tobacco: a new generation of
tobacco flavours consisting of four
individual, complex building blocks.
Products with above average fixation and
extraordinary burning characteristics.
Our new package of tobacco flavour
agents (TFA) includes: Continental,
Burley, Virginia, For Filters.,
and for those worried about an
"identity crisis«, worry no more:
H&R's TFAs allow you to
creatively combine flavour notes
while still maintaining your
product's integrity.
We give you greater flavour control
whether you are enhancing and existing
brand or developing a new one.
Of course, we'd like to get you as
»fired up« about our flavour as we are.
So please get in touch with us.
We'll prove that where
there's smoke...
there's H&R.
H&R's TFAs: another
flavour cornerstone
from the manufacturers
of l-menthol.
urn
®
World
Tobacco
December 1582
TI56320OO4

.WJK^SSS
The weight watcher
This control system is a fully
integrated, essential part of
the PROTOS concept. The unit
automatically controls the
cigarette weights, resulting
in a standard deviation of
o 10 o = 3.5 ... 4.5mg per cigarette
depending on the
tobacco condition.
These values are based on
production speeds of up to
7200 cpm.
L
The SRM 7200 features control,
handling and servicing
qualities that comparable
systems fail to provide, especially
at such speeds.
Hauni-Werke
Korber&Co. KG
Hamburg

RICHMOND
IJ?SuidrfwSlip/ZUI , '/I , AmiL-i.V4it>*i-rJiV/CiiW 1'
CARMIC/Tcfa SJ-rm
ITALY
'LTi(W!lAprili.i/\wTon*Bniiu. M'Plu'i-.,.' ilh-OZV.Wnifec
Rn.'ro-.un'.bT.mi/i
fSaicmo) 84063 Paotum/Viu Cafaso/Phont10828) 84ZOT/ra«' IIOQJO
HARARE
PO Box *+Z7PW A^.Vl/GiMtr MITOBACVMot ZK41T.
ROTTERDAM
KlpsnaM H/3C11 RS/PK.mc- M-W-.'i.VTcIa Z'/lS/GiMe CARMIC
ROTTERU4.M
.AWIIJUD /mi. I!/ >A + fc7X>"> ; iVP.m:.iD,.iuJ.i Aj.re

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£.. * .•*.
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Marlboro.
The number one selling cigarette
around the world.
s#fciU
• \ aSS-,}'-,
A
.t*
r $8ss *?
-V All around the world, It's hard to keep ahead of thepafcHrorri Philip Morris. I»JI n .)»
PHILIP MORRIS
J%

MACHINE QUALITY TOMORRO"'
Today, machinequality is normally expressed in terms of
Machine $ £ 7 £ Vu*e wl?, tT 3 "
wider concept External iarTZ «T I
COme a
C0St
Progressively
•ong t,me now and have alreaj, £
g^orocress.
w,hi.h"? X1 ' . h J 9h P roduc^on machine
wh.ch keeps the human element in mind.
p • -1
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SOCIETA PER AZIONI
40100 BOLOGNA (ttaiia) - Via Pomponia, 10 - Case«a Postate 94 - Tel. 38.5S.11 - 33.06.71 - Telex 510143 GIDH
T156320008

I
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Lightness
great taste
;sA»
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Smoking
pleasure
qfpurtimej/
World's largest selling light cigarette

WATTENS &TANN
MAKEAPERFECT
COMBINATION
Wattenspapier Tannpapier
Papierfabrik Ges. m.b.H. & Co. KG
Wattens Gesellschaft m.b.H. Erzeugung technischer Papiere
A-6112 Wattens/Austria A-4050 Traun/Austria
Tel:CO 52 24) 22 22 Tel:CO 72 29) 27 31 Serie
Telex:CO)53741 ciwata Telex:CO)21934feutan
TI56320010

IN EUROPE/IN THE U.S.A.
Alleghany Warehouse... The Leader
Alleghany Warehouse continues to strengthen its position as the leading storage
and distribution cinlre lor leal tobaccos in Western Europe.
LARGE With the addition of Alleghany's third warehouse on the quay at
Vlissingen -Oost will have nearly 45.000M 2 available to handle any size and
shape of hogsheads, cases, cartons, hags or bales.
MODERN AND SAFE Yourtobaccos are stored with care. Our modern sprinkler
systems meet all NFPA and FOC standards and affords lower insurance rates.
New heating and humidity controls make aluminium phosphide fumagation
available year around.
EFFICIENT Our unique location makes it possible to receive tobaccos directly
into the warehouse. No inland transportation is necessary. We can handle
oceangoing vessels (breakbulk or container) lighter, rail or truck. Off quay
shipments can be arranged by truck, rail or lighter.
FAST As the leading storage and distribution centre in Western Europe,
Alleghany guarantees prompt deliveries throughout the continent, the United
Kingdom, Ireland and other destinations.
For more information on Alleghany Warehouse please contact one of our offices listed below.
IN THE UNITED STATES -
ALLEGHANY WAREHOUSE COMPANY. INC.
P.O. Box 24597. Richmond. VA. 23224, U.S.A.
PHOHE: OFFICE: 804/231-6238
CASLE: BLUEHOUSE. RCHMONO (TELEX: 82-7341)
WAREHOUSE: 804/231-6238
IN EUROPE -
ALLEGHANY WAREHOUSE EUROPE BV
VLISSINGEN OOST - NEDERLAND
P.O. Box 1020 4388ZG - Oost Souburg
PHONE: (1184) 67530
CAItE: BLUEHOUSE TELEX: 55155 (BLUE NL)
ALLEGHANY WAREHOUSE COMPANY, INC.
ROTTERDAM BRANCH
P.O. BOX 2516 3000 ZM - Rotterdam.
Netherlands
PHONE: (10) 13 57 74
CABLE: BLUEHOUSE TELEX: 25121 (BLUE NL)
ALLEGHANY WAREHOUSE
T156320011

VINTAGE QUALITY
VERAFUMOS LTDA.
P.O. Box 191 Santa Cruz do Sul-RS-Brazil
Telex: 512238 VFUM BR
10 World Tobacco O'jct-wher 1382
TI56320012

intabe
LEAF TOBACCO
Intabex Argentina
Intabex Belgium
Intabex Brasil Tabacos
Intabex Canada
Intabex Canary Islands
Intabex India
Intabex Italy
Intabex Lanka
Intabex Malawi
Intabex Philippines
Intabex Thailand
Intabex Switzerland
Intabex U.S.A.
Henderson-Miller Co.
Zambia & Overseas Co.
hm APE THERE
HEAD OFFICE: INTABEX BELGIUM N.V. ANKERRUf 12/14 2000 ANTWERP BELGIUM
PHONE: 032316199 TELEX: 34723 INTEX B

AN
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B&:
sS&ISgegS
WE SALUTE YOU...
"a country which has become a major factor on U.S. and international tobacco mark
»Bre tobacco supply industry, growers and processors in particular, appreciates your
Wand acknowledges the importance of your influence. *?>
jtectrvely, as suppliers of Bright, Burley, and Oriental, we are grateful for the opportunity!
ar mindful of our responsibility to satisfy the requirements of your manufacturers.
salute those manufacturers who give us Q M M WA. ADAMS COMFftNY^
"•--•--- ^AesMcceasfidtobacco • • • • * OttoniNofrJiCaK^iHi
' ProaessoisandExpottersofRneljeef'"-'----

simplicity=reliability
packing
6000 Model: 300 soft
packs a minute.
American or Latin type.
pack wrapping
CP1-6000 Model: using
any type of film.
parcelling
Oelta-P Model: using any
type of paper.
Label and Tear Tape
application devices
available as optionals.
cartoning
3C-154 Model.- European
or American type
cartons.
carton
overwrapping
T-20 Model: using any
type of film.
TearTape application
device available
as optional.
a complete packing line at 300 packs a minute
SASIB
CORPORATION OF AMERICA Si
RICHMOND-VIRGINIA (USA)
t r — TMC
TOBACCO MACHINERY COMPANY
SOCIETA PER AZIONI - BOLOGNA (ITALY)
BAAP - ZUG (SWITZERLAND)
SOOETA DEL GflUPPQ DEW COMP 1NOCSTB «UMTE
TI56320015

TOBACCO PACKERS EXPORT CO. (PVT) E
TEL. ADD: 'VIRGINIA' BUYERS AND EXPORTERS P.O. BOX 1835 \
TELEX No". 4191 OF HARARE *
TELEPHONE: 760354 . LEAF TOBACCOS ZIMBABWE
For first-class buying,packing
and exporting services
IN
ZIMBABWE
with individual attention.
niRH-iuRs t. \4 niRj-mii F I> iis-wtri i ( i um M\V.(K
14 World Tobacco December 1982
TI56320016

The International choice in mild cigarettes.
TI56320017

-i
Since 1912...
a leading
purchaser and
processor of
the finest
U.S. tobaccos
for export
worldwide.
•. A •• •-—T
Export Leaf
Tobacco
Company
V
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. -•(
> *
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TI56320018

• l l l l l l l "
• • • • • • • '
DEUTSCHE BENKERT GMBH & CO KG
P.O.B. 1180 • 4690HERNE1 • Telephone: (02323) 54002
Telex: 8229857 mhbh d • Cable: benkertco Heme
BenkertGrabH
Smtzeiiaad
• ^ \ ^ \
InterbobtMaUd.
Great Bntaia
Beokeit-Ltda.
Braat
0
BeBkert-Sray
Austrafca
BenkertSA
Veaetueta
V
BenkertSA
Mexico
TI56320019

Texport
Country
Nyaminyami, the mythical river
god of the great Zambezi river,
identifies Zimbabwe's timeless
tradition in stone sculpture.
Texport is your link with the
country's equally matchless tradition
in the production of the finest
tobaccos.
s?
.*"

TAMAG READYFLAKE SYSTEM
THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF OUR SYSTEM ARE:
• ANY KIND OF TOBACCO WASTE OF ANY SIZE CAN BE USED.
• THE PLANT IS SPACE-SAVING AND SIMPLY CONSTRUCTED
(UNIT CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM).
• POWER CONSUMPTION IS LOW, IN GENERAL UNDER 1 KWPER
1 KG OF FLAKES.
• THE PLANT CAN BE STARTED WITHIN A FEW MINUTES AND WORKS
IN A CONTINUOUS WAY
• THE FLAKES ARE GENTLY DRIED IN FLOATING STATE.
• LOOK AND FORM OF THE FLAKES ARE VERY CLOSE TO NATURAL TOBACCO.
• SMOKE IS MILD AND CORRESPONDS WITH THE NATURAL CHARACTER OF
THE USED TOBACCO.
• SHARPNESS AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES CAN BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED.
• THE YIELD OF FLAKES IS MORE THAN 100%.
TAMAG BASLE LTD.
STERNENFELDSTR. 16 PHONE 061/520143
CH-4127 BIRSFELDEN/SWITZERLAND TELEX 63403
TI56320021

IN TERMS OF
PERFORMANCE. QUALITY AND ECONOMY
E ORIGINAL
GANDIA CIGARETTE
NG MACHINE!
ARE STILL THE BEST IN THE WORLD
Over the last 45 years Scandia
has earned an enviable international
reputation for building efficient,
reliable cigarette wrapping machines.
Simplicity of design, ease of operation
and low maintenance have resulted in
more than 2500 Scandia cigarette
wrappers operating in virtually
every country throughout the
world, manyof them in continuous
operation for more than 30 years.
Scandia's continuing program of
design refinements is best
evidenced by its pioneering of
polypropylene conversion kits for both
new and older wrappers.

one telex does it all...
worldwide
Contact. Information. Answers.
That's what the tobacco world is all
about — getting in first then moving
fast. Casalee supplies information and
comes up with answers — fast.
Because worldwide, through our
network of offices in the leading
tobacco centres, we're on the spot.
The Casalee nerve-centre is the head
office in Antwerp where a continuous
flow of information is processed,
collated and on tap for you.
When you want tobacco information,
anywhere in the world, telex us.
We have the answers.
• Antwerp, Belgium:
• Harare. Zimbabwe:
• Chiangmai, Thailand:
• I.imbe, Malawi:
• Rome, liulj:
• W inslon Salem, USA: 806478 TOWNSEND WSL
• Singapore:
35365 CASA B
2342 CASAZ ZW
433ICASFARTH
4348 CASA Ml
610.402 CASALE I
26374 CASFAR RS
CASALEE BELGIUM N.V
.Ian Van RijwiieMaan 76. B-2(XXi Antwerp Telephone < (,, > 216 (X) 4ll
The total leaf service, worldwide.
December 7982 World Tobacco 21
TI56320023

a
THEMR SHE MADE HER
A"
newcentuiyhad begun. One that would usher Today, on the 75th anniversary ofA.C. Monk's j
in a period of remarkable change. Immense first overseas trade, the company that bears his j
. challenge. And near-limitless opportunity. name is the world's largest privately held supplied j
It was a time when a young man with ambition of U.S. and foreign leaf to worid markets.
and a good

KOSSMiWE MADE OURRRST
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AX . *i£l
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"K«5^
tobaccos from Korea, Zimbabwe, Canada, Brazil,
Greece, Italy and Guatemala as well as the U.S.
Which means that we re perfecdy positioned
to help you fmd the quality tobaccos your blends
r -quire, season after season.
No doubt, the years to come will bring their
share of challenges. And, of course, opportunities.
Ones which we intend to meet the same way
our founder did some 75 years ago. TV 4/~\MTf
ACM»iki?Cm/uw.fii»fK-'/('..\>vir>CmJmr.[...^i iVXwINlV
TI56320025

end's in sight...
You can do away with end labels for some packs
and print product information on the overwrap.
This is possible with square end fold option
available on Marden Edwards KAP 100
overwrapper. The KAP 100 incorporates a unique
system of sealing which applies cold adhesive in
a dot formation. Effective positioning of the
adhesive dots for security and presentation is a
feature of the machine which overwraps
rectangular product ends in a variety of Kraft or
laminate type papers.
The versatile KAP 100 offers a wide size of speed
range in single packs or parcels. Send for details
on how your production could benefit from
Marden Edwards.
...a KAP 100
paper overwrapper
makes the most of it
Marden Edwards
packaging machinery
Marden Edwards and Co.,
Ferndown Industrial Estate,
Wimborne, Dorset BH21 7PD
Tel: Ferndown (0202) 875312
Telex- 41 202
24 Wo rid Tobacco December 1982
TI56320026

Foremost
Specialists
in
Oriental
Tobacco
for over
50 years
SOCOTAB
Leaf Tobacco Co., Inc.
90 Park Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10016
Geneva, Switzerland
Izmir. Turkey
Salonica. Greece
December 1982
World Tobacco
25
TI56320027

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TI56320029

CRAGGS!
NEW and USED MACHINERY
and SUPPLIES to the
TOBACCO INDUSTRY for
OVER 50 YEARS
For more than fifty years, Craggs has put that piece
of new or used equipment in the hands of
progressive tobaccomen throughout the world.
From leaf to light-up, Craggs is your source of the
finest new equipment and supplies, manufactured
by companies like Schmermund. Marden-Edwards,
Questar. Tingev, Pietruska, Machon, Kendia and
Walsello.
We are not just consultants, we are prepared to
assist in planning and act as consultants and
appraisers.
For the Craggs Blue Book and new equipment
literature, contact:
Craggs, Inc., 10 E. Baltimore Street,
Baltimore, Maryland 21202 U.S.A.
Phone 301-539-4005. Cable: Craggs.
Telex: 8-7658.
CRAGGS!
FROM LEAF TO LIGHT-UP
Vacudyne
ail
Tobacco
Conditioning
,i?tfac-Tadc9, au^^^ofwithfnan$&:£oti---'J
& tro^&raiwPii&s withjgatwes '
[•' *oa»etyooriieeasr" . '""'*'
Represented by Paul O- Blochtinget (Born. Swtfz.) Europe and M.ddfe
East • Representations international {PteJ Ltd., (Singaporei. Indones a.
Ualays>3 Thailand. Singapore and Australia
Representatives required North. South. Central Amer-ca. Ph«Jtp;wws and
other select areas
".. Cftieagp Heights, SL 60411 U&«t.
Tsi«jjS)0*:.3

I
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1
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• I ' t ' i t l i i L ' t n i u i n t i n . - i • I | > . K c > •
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If. I I .11 l ' .IIMIIIl'J
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• I • ikli t i i '.'I i iWi 1 s i\ .If.lklN
ALL YOUR
NEEDS FULFILLED
• ( 'I'J.HVltt tll.llltlf.lt ttlll'ls
• I • ill.H i' • |M .ill'.l !s li l.ltlil
lll.lll-l I ll -,
\\- I) .ii.lk
• '[ ill It . 11. Hill I lilt. ll.
("-.'.:'.i:.
I )i :i nt.il t\ limit \
I •!',!( . - • i\ I l.'.ll tlti
IM.H ll HI: I ll"
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I'.u k iL'ili-j ' i i.i r i] i.il-
1 • ih.u t • • l.ilii.'.ii.is.'.i.
r.-.ii'.|>i in

REDUCE
CURING FUEl
COSTS
BulkTobac Energy Efficient
Bulk Curing Barns
MODELS TO HANDLE T TO 4.5 HECTARES
LOWEST FUEL COST per kilo of cured tobacco.
as low as !6 liter of oil per kilo, (dry tobacco)
LOWEST DELIVERED COST of a complete curing
barn per hectare of capacity, as low as Vz the cost of
many competitive units.
LOWEST SHIPPING COSTS worldwide, in compact
modular sections ready for farm assembly.
Write, phone or Telex Frank L. Home, President for
information and prices.
BulkTobac
Ph. (704) 372-3485 V Telex 80-4294 Spdx Atl.
Box 36485. Charlotte. N.C. 28236 U.SA.
THARRINGTON POT-TYPE CURER
• MADE OF HEAVY GAUGE STEEL
• VAPORIZED BURNER FOR ECONOMICAL USE
• NO ELECTRICITY IS REQUIRED
• DUAL VALVE CONTROLS TWO STOVES
• ALL HARMFUL FUMES GO UP STACK
Manufactured by
THARRINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
P.O. BOX 4226
ROCKY MOUNT, N.C. 27801, U.S.A.
ft
30 World Tobacco December 19SZ
TI56320032

advanced
technology
and
new design
in tobacco
leaf processing
and primary
equipment
\V
- -— V 48T
: t
i
Complete lines or individual machines.
Advantageous prices
for first class products
OMl^e
31057 Sttea di TreviSO (Italy) Telephone: 0422/360514. • Taegrams COMAS SteaTV-fetex410451 COMAS
TI56320033

First in Latin America
to specialize in cigarette tipping
Now the first and only in
Latin America with perforated tipping
THIS MARK
HAS MADE
ITS MARK
ON THE
WORLD
The Powell leaf trademark is recognized
around the world as the symbol of tobacco
mechanization from plant bed to market.
It represents a single goal: provide tobacco
growers with fuel efficient labor-saving
equipment that increases productivity and
leaf quality.
At Powell, we never forget all parts of tobacco
production are equally important. That's
why Powell has an unmatched record in
research and development that year after year
has produced more innovations than any other
firm.
And the Powell mark also means quality
you expect from a world-class name. You don't
get to be first unless you're also the best.
Itaipava has been manufacturing tipping
material for fourteen years. Now we are the
first and only in all of Latin America to
manufacture perforated tipping.
Please write or telex for export information
and price quotes.
fTXitaipavu
>J ^ / INDUSTRIAL DE PAPEIS LTDA.
Rua Anhembi, 186 - Telephone: 247-6833 (PABX)
Telex: 011-22077 ITIP BR-Sao Paulo, S.P.Brazil
SEASON'S
GREETINGS to
our friends
the world over.
Powell International Corporation
Post Office Drawer 707 Department WT-83-2
Bennettsville.South Carolina 29512-0707 USA
Telex #57-3332
tiflft
WINSTON LEAF TOBACCO
COMPANY
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27102
Cable: WINLEAF
32 World Tobacco December 1982

Ubersetinngen Traductions Tradncciones
CURRENT
COMMENT
DEUTSCH
Die Stellung des indischen Tabaks im
Welthandel und Indiens Ehrgeiz, sich
eine noch bedeutendere Position zu
verschaffen, werden im Anhang (Seite
103) dieser Ausgabe behandelt, in
dem ein Oberblick uber die wichtigsten
Aspekte der Errungenschafien
und Hoffnungen Indiens in dieser
Hinsicht gegeben wird. Das Interesse
gilt vor allem den Verkaufsaussichten
fur die bevorstehende Ernte. Laut
unserem Oberblick (Seite 111) ist
damit zu rechnen, daB das Angebot
bei flue-cured Tabak groBer sein wird
als die Inlands- und Exportnachrrage,
so dalS die Preise Anfang 1983 die
Einkaufer begunstigen diirften. Wenn
dies zu niedrigen Preisen fiihrt, sind
die Anbauer bestimmt nicht begeistert,
nachdem sie im vergangenen
Jahr steigende Betriebskosten hinnehmen
muBten - insbesondere einen
steilen Anstieg der Pachten fur
Tabakanbauland.
In dieser Saison wird das Auktionssystem
fur den Verkauf von flue-cured
Tabak, von dem schon lange die Rede
ist, im Gebiet von Mysore eingefiihrt
(Seite 119), das dann in der Folge auf
die groBeren, verstreuteren Anbaugebiete
des Bereichs Andhra ausgedehnt
werden soil. Die Handelseinkaufer
sind begeistert von der Einfuhrung
dieses Verkaufssystems in Indien,
die Anbauer haben jedoch ihre Zweifel.
Sie werden den anregenden Handel
vermissen, mit dem sie bisher Ballen
fur Ballen ihres Tabaks auf eine recht
formlose Weise verkauft haben.
Der groBte Teil des indischen
Tabakexports entfallt auf flue-cured
Tabak, obwohl auch andere Sorten in
groBen Mengen angebaut werden.
Was steht dem Engros-Export dieser
Sorten im Wege? So lautet die Frage
in unserem Beitrag auf Seite 117. Der
Hauptgrund scheint zu sein, daB sich
alle Bemiihungen und der Einsatz
moderner Verfahren in alien Phasen
des Anbaus, des Vertriebs und der
Verarbeitung fur den Export auf fluecured
Tabak konzentrieren.
Eine Tabaksorte, die sich trotzdem
gut exportiert, ist Hookah Tabak, der
in Nargileh- oder Wasserpfeifen geraucht
wird. Dieser Tabak wird, wie ein
indischer Exporteur erlautert (Seite
115), ausschiieBlich in verarbeiteter
Form (nicht als Rohtabak), gesiiBt
und gewiirzt, verkauft. Er ist vor allem
in islamischen Landern beliebt,
besonders in Saudiarabien, und man
erwartet, daB der Export Indiens bei
dieser Sorte steigt, da mit dieser Art
des Rauchens die religiosen Einwande
qegen Zigaretten umgangen werden
konnen und es auBerdem als eine
'sicherere' Methode des Tabakkonsums
betrachtet wird.
Indien ist besonders auf den Erfolg
eines bulgarisch-indischen Gemeinschaftsunternehmehs
fur den Anbau
und Export von Burley-Tabak an
Osteuropa bedacht, da mit der Vorrangstellung
der flue-cured Sorten
beim Rohtabakexport gewisse Risiken
verbunden sein konnten. Es ist
geplant, die Anbauflache fur Burley in
den nachsten funf Jahren auf mindestens
1000 ha zu erhohen (Seite 113).
FUHRENDEMEINUNGEN
Wenn die Worte 'made in USA' auf
Zigarettenschachteln eine internationale
Marketingwirkung haben,
konnten dann nicht auch andere
Lander ihr nationales Image wirksam
nutzen? Von elf fuhrenden Personlichkeiten
der Tabakbranche, die sich
zu dieser Frage auBern (Seite 72),
antworten die meisten mit'Nein'. Sie
geben zu, daB ihr jeweiliges Land
einfach nicht den besonderen Ruf in
Zusammenhang mit Tabak hat wie die
USA, und bevorzugen es daher, beim
internationalen Vertrieb ihrer Zigaretten
andere Vorzuge in den Vordergrund
zu steilen.
KRISE IN KANADA
Laut unserem Berichterstatter in
Ontario liegen die Ertrage bei fluecured
Tabak aufgrund des verheerenden
Frosts vom 29. August mit ca.
73 Mio. kg rund 33% unter dem
angestrebten Planziel (Seite 79). Die
Auswirkungen auf den so wichtigen
Rohtabakhandel diirften jedoch gering
sein, da alle Anstrengungen unternehmen
werden, um eine gute
Versorgung der auslandischen Kaufer
sicherzustellen. Die einheimischen
Hersteller halten sich mit dem Einkauf
zuriick, und durch hochwertige Restbestande
aus der letzten Saison wird
die verfiigbare Menge zusatzlich
erhoht
VIELSEITIGEITALIENISCHE FABRIK
Der groBte Rohtabakverarbeitungsbetrieb,
der vor kurzem bei Assisi in
Italien in Betrieb genommen wurde,
wurde nach dem Konzept einer
auBersten Vielseitigkeit eingerichtet,
um eine Verarbeitung verschiedener
einheimischer und auslandischer
Rohtabaksorten (darunter auch von
abgepacktem Rohtabak) zu ermoglichen.
Der zu verarbeitende Tabak
kann die zahlreichen wesentlichen
und wablweisen Produktionsstationen
auf verschiedenen Wegen durchlaufen,
d.h. Maschinen konnen je nach
By definition, propaganda ignores the
possibility that the opposite view has
validity. Smokers, assailed by shrill denouncers
and schoolmistressy governments,
take a calmer, more balanced
view. Few issues in human affairs are all
black or ail white. Maybe there is something
in the health argument; but
smoking (in moderation, of course) does
have positive physiological and psychological
benefits which, though seldom
articulated, are evidently more persuasive
to hundreds of millions of
tobacco consumers around the world.
Why are these benefits so widely perceived
yet so little documented? Could
it be that the scientists, who are best
placed to research and give shape
to what so many people perceive,
fear professional unpopularity, when
denouncing tobacco is so fashionable?
The century down to about 1965
produced a river of prose and poetry
from distinguished pens (not to mention
much graphic art) on the pleasures,
comfort and solace of smoking. That has
dried up. Why? The best of the world's
writers - among whom, at the personal
level, smoking scarcely seems unpopular
- are surely too independent
merely to follow the herd. That they have
not switched sides is evident from the
literary pa/lour of anti-smoking literature.
So what is lacking? Encouragement
from an industry that, otherwise, is
proud to associate itself with the fine
arts? Or could it be that the cigarette
does not have the pipe's power to
inspire?
Notes in this issue about manufacturer
helpwith afforestation in Sri Lanka make
me wonder whether the tobacco types of
the future need to be as distinct as they
are now. Has something more contrived
than the chance cross-breeding that
created Burley in the 1860s another
service to render to the industry -
development of a tobacco type curable
without much (or any) fuel and giving
the manufacturer and smoker what they
at present like in both flue-cured and
Burley? It is not only that Third World
use of wood for flue-curing is a sensitive
issue; it does add significantly to the raw
material cost.
THE ED/TOR
December 1382
World
Tebaces
33
TI56320035

Bedarf ausgelassen oder einbezogen
werden. Der Standort in der Nahe
einer nationalen Gedenkstatte (des
Geburtsortes des HI. Franz von Assisi)
mit seiner Fandschaftlichen Schonheit
wirkte als Ansporn fur eine gefallige
Gestaltung.
MISCHUNGSVORSCHRIFTEN IN
SPANIEN
Ein neuesTabakproduktionsprogramm
in Spanien (Seite 95) soil den Anbau
von flue-cured Tabak fordern, teilweise
auf Kosten von Burley. Tabacalera
muB den Anteil einheimischerTabake
in seinen Mischungen erhohen, und
zwar sowohl bei den dunklen Sorten,
wie den meistverkauften Ducados
Zigaretten, als auch bei den hellen
Mischungen, die sich zunehmender
Beliebtheit erfreuen. Diese Vorschrift
gilt sogar fur in Lizenz hergestellte
Zigaretten.
BRAUCHBARKEITVON ROHTABAK
Auf Seite 97 wird das Konzept der
Brauchbarkeit - ein genauerer, informativerer
Begriff fur die Rohtabakbewertungals'Qualitat'-vonDr.John
S. Campbell eingehend unter die Lupe
genommen. Er identifiziert die Eigenschaften,
die flue-cured und Burley-
Tabake fur die Hersteller attraktiv
machen oder nicht. Er weist darauf
hin, daB sich die Qualitatskriterien im
Laufe der Jahre andern und fiihrt
Eigenschaften an, die die Tabake der
Zukunft besonders brauchbar
machen werden.
FORTSCHRITT IN PAKISTAN
Die Steigerung der Ertrage bei fluecured
Tabak in den Jahren bis 1987
soil hauptsachlich dazu dienen, die
zunehmende einheimische Nachfrage
zu befriedigen, wie der Vorsitzende
der Pakistanischen Tabakbehorde
sagt (Seite 61). Der Export von
Rohtabak und verarbeitetem Tabak
soil jedoch ebenfalls berucksichtigt
werden.
REGELMASSIGE BEITRAGE
Unser einleitender Artikel 'News,
Views, Trends' ('Nachrichten, Meinungen.
Trends') enthalt auch diesmal
wieder umfassende lnformationen,
Analysen und Interpretationen zum
Thema Tabak und Tabakindustrie,
wie sie sonst kaum irgendwp zu
finden sind. Unser weltweiter Oberblick
uber Tabakprodukte (Seite 123)
ist ebenso umfassend wie unsere
Besprechung neuer Maschinen und
Einrichtungen (Seite 65) und unser
Bericht uber Werbemethoden fur
Tabakerzeugnisse (Seite 69). Auf Seite
83 finden Sie Nachrichten aus den
Anbaulandem und auf Seite 75 und
76 einschlagige Buchbesprechungen.
AUSSTELLUNG UNDTAGUNG
Aktuelles uber die Plane fur die World
Tobacco Ausstellung und Symposium
im April 1984 in Oen Haag finden Sie
auf Seite 43.
KING
ARD
SO GOOD THAT.
it's the
largest selling
brand in the
world!
Jno. H. Swisher & Son, Inc.
Quality Cigars since 1861
Jacksonville. Florida 32203, U.S.A.
Export Agent—Martin Brothers Tobacco Co. Inc.
SO E. 42nd St.. NY. N.Y. 10017. U S.A.
34 World Toba sco
FRANCAIS
L'importance du secteur indien du
tabac dans le monde, et les ambitions
des autorites indiennes, qui desirent
se tailler une place plus importante,
sont le sujet du supplement p. 103
dans ce numero, qui couvre tous les
faits saillants relatifs aux realisations
et aux espoirs de ce pays. A court
terme, les responsables sont surtout
interesses par les perspectives de
vente de la nouvelle recolte qui debute
sous peu; d'apres notre enquete
(p. 111), les quantites de flue-cured
qui seront produites depasseront la
consommation interieure et la
demande a I'exportation et les ventes
au debut 83 seront done orientees par
les acheteurs. Si les prix sont bas, les
producteurs seront mecontents, car
ils ont subi au court de I'annee
ecoulee de fortes augmentations de
leurs frais d'exploitation, entre autres
des fermages des exploitations de
tabac.
Cette saison doit commencer le
systeme de vente aux encheres
annonce depuis longtemps pour les
flue-cured dans la region de Mysore
(page 119). Ce systeme de distribution
devrait ensuite etre etendu a la region
d'Andhra, plus vaste et plus dispersee.
Les negotiants sont enchantes
que I'lnde est adopte ce systeme de
vente, tandis que les cultivateurs sont
encore mefiants. Ils regretteront les
marchandages animes a la balle qui
leur permettaient auparavant d'ecouler
leur tabac de la vieille facon traditionnelle.
La majorite du tabac indien exporte
est du flue-cured, bien que I'lnde produise
d'enormes quantites d'autres
tabacs. Qu'est-ce qui empeche
I'exportation a grandeechelledeceuxci?
demande I article a la page 117.
La principale raison semble etre que
seul le flue-cured semble susciter les
efforts de professionnels competents
et acharnes a tous les stades de la
production, culture, distribution et
tranformation pour I'exportation.
Le type de tabac s'exporte egalement
bien est le hookah, qui se fume
dans des narghiles, ces pipes a eau
avec un long tuyau. Un exportateur
indien (p. 115) explique que ce tabac
est vendu exclusivement a l'etat
transforme (et non pas brut), e'est-adire
rendu doux et parfume. II est fort
recherche dans les pays musulmans,
entre autres I'Arabie Saoudite, et les
exportations indiennes devraient
augmenter, car cette forme de consommation
evite les objections religieuses
liees a la cigarette tout
en etant consideree par certains
comme 'moins dangereuse'.
L'lnde desire aussi vivement mettre
sur pied une cooperation avec la
Bulgarie pour la culture et rexportation
de tabac Burley dans les pays de I'Est,
operation qui d'apres elle devrait
reussir, surtout que la dominance des
flue-cured sur le marche du tabac en
feuilles a I'exportation presente des
risques. Des plans prevoient ('augmentation
des terres cultivees en
December 7982
M
TI56320036

Burley jusqu'a au moins 1000 haau
cours des cinq prochaines annees
(page 113).
L'OPINION DES LEADERS
Les mots 'made in USA' sur un
emballage de cigarettes ont I'impact
international que Ton sait au point de
vue marketing; est-ce que d'autres
pays pourraient egalement utiliser
leur propre prestige national? On
trouvera page 72 la reponse de II
personnalites du monde du tabac. La
majorite ne le pense pas, et reconnait
que leur pays n'a pas encore le prestige
unique dont beneficient les USA
dans le monde du tabac. lis preferent
done en general exploiter les autres
merites de leurs cigarettes sur leurs
marches etrangers.
LE CANADA EN CRISE
Les tres graves gelees du 29 aout ont
en pour consequence une baisse de
33% de la recolte de flue-cured par
rapport aux chiffres attendus, soit
environ 73 millions de kg, signale
notre correspondent-dans I'Ontario
(page 79). Heureusement, les consequences
pour I'important marche
de feuilles devraient etre minimes,
des efforts intenses ayant ete accomplis
pour reserver de bonnes quantites
aux acheteurs etrangers. Les
fabricants canadiens ont procede a
une auto-limitation, tandis que les
stocks de bonne qualite de la saison
anterieure ont permis d'augmenter
les quantites actuellement disponibles.
REGLEMENTS RELATIFS AU
MELANGEAGE EN ESPAGNE
Un nouveau programme de production
(page 95) encourage la culture
de flue-cured en Espagne (p. 95) en
partie aux depens du Burley. II a ete
demande a Tabacalera d'augmenter la
proportion de tabac espagnol dans ses
melanges, aussi bien les noirs comme
celui des cigarettes Ducados, un bestseller,
que les blonds, qui se vendent
de mieux en mieux. Ces reglements
s'appliquent meme aux cigarettes fabriquees
sous licence.
'USABILITY' DES TABACS EN
FEUILLES
Le concept de 'possibilites d'utilisation'
(en anglais 'usability') est plus
exact et utile que le terme vague de
qualite pour revaluation des feuilles; il
est etudie en detail par le Dr John
S. Campbell a la page 97. Celui-ci
presente les caracteristiques qui
rendent les tabacs flue-cured et Burley
interessants ou non pour les transformateurs.
II souligne que ces differents
merites changent avec le
temps, et suggere les caracteristiques
qui d'apres lui seront
particulierement recherchees chez les
tabacs de I'avenir.
USINE ITALIENNE FLEXIBLE
La plus importante installation de
transformation de feuilles d'Europe,
qui vient de demarrer a Assise est
extremement flexible, de maniere a
pouvoir traiter plusieurs types de
tabac italien et etranger (y compris des
feuilles deja paquettees). Le tabac qui y
est traite peut suivre de nombreuses
voies differerrtes, en passant ou non a
travers de nombreux stades de transformation
essentiels et optionnels.
Cette usine, proche d'un monument
national (la cite de St Francois), est
dans un cadre splendide, ce qui a
oblige les architectes a montrer ce dont
ils etaient capables.
DES PROGRES AU PAKISTAN
La progression des recoltes de fluecured
dans la periode s'etendant
jusqu'a 1987 permettra avant tout de
satisfaire la demande interieure en
croissance reguiere, declare le president
du Pakistan Tobacco Board
(page 61). Les exportations de tabac
en feuille et transforme continueront
cependant a faire I'objet d'efforts
soutenus.
RUBRIQUES
Comme toujours, notre premiere
rubrique, News Views Trends, consent
de nombreux echos que vous ne
trouverez que dans World Tobacco, et
des analyses et interpretations exclusives
d'activites de notre secteur. C'est
ainsi qu'un passage en revue des
nouveaux produits tabagiques dans le
monde entier (page 123) couvre un
domaine aussi vaste que notre
enquete sur les nouvelles machines et
fournitures de la page 65. A la page 69,
nous examinons les techniques promotionnelles
utilisees pour les produits
tabagiques, tandis que News from the
Leaf lands (echos des pays producteurs)
a la page 83 vous parte de ce secteur.
Les pages 75 et 76 contiennent les
revues de nouveaux livres sur le
tabac.
EXPOSITION ET SYMPOSIUM
Les toutes dernieres nouvelles sur le
futur exposition et symposium World
Tobacco qui doit se derouler en avril
84 a la Haye sont a la page 43.
ESPANOL
El Suplemento (pagina 103) a este
numero, que estudia los aspectos
principales de lo que la India ha
logrado y aspira a lograr, refleja el
lugar del tabaco indio en el comercio
mundial y la ambicion de ese pais de
lograr un lugar aun mas importante.
El interes mas inmediato esta concentrado
en las perspectivas de venta de
la nueva cosecha, que esta a punto de
lanzarse al mercado. Nuestro estudio
(pagina 111) indica que el suministro
detabaco flue-cured sera superiora la
demanda del mercado nacional y
para la exportacion, y que al principio
del 1983 el mercado favorecera al
comprador. Si esto conduce a precios
mas bajos, los cultivadores no estaran
muy contentos, puesto que el ultimo
afio ha traido grandes aumentos
en los costosde produccion, especialmente
en el costo de arrendarterreno
para cultivar tabaco.
Esta temporada vera el comienzo
del sistema de venta por medio de
subasta del tabaco flue-cured en el
area de Mysore, (pagina 119), con la
intention de extenderlo al area mayor
y mas dispersa de Andhra. Hace ya
mucho tiempo que se ha estado hablando
de este sistema, y los comerciantes
compradores estan entusiasmados
con el mismo, pero los
cultivadores lo miran con recelo.
Sienten ver el fin del alegre procedimiento
de regatear, fardo por
fardo, por medio del cual se deshacian
de su tabaco en el pasado de una
manera mas informal.
Una gran parte del comercio de
exportacion de tabaco indio es de
tabaco flue-cured, aunque el pais
produce enormes cantidades de otros
tipos. £Que es lo que refrena la exportacion
a gran escala de estos tipos?
pregunta el articulo en la pagina 117.
La razon principal parece ser que solo
el tabaco flue-cured atrae el esfuerzo
sofisticado y concentrado en todas-las
etapas de la produccion, comercializacion
y preparation para la
exportacion.
Un tipo de tabaco que, sin embargo,
si que se exporta bien, es el tabaco
para narguiles, o pipas de agua. Uno
de los exportadores indios de este
tabaco explica (pagina 115) que este
tabaco se vende exclusivamente en la
forma fabricada (en vez de en rama),
endulzada y aromatizada. Es popular
en los paises musulmanes, especialmente
en Arabia Saudi, y se espera
que las exportaciones indias aumentaran,
pues esta forma de fumar evita
las objeciones religiosas a los cigarrillos,
tambien considerandose en
algunas areas como una forma 'menos
peligrosa' de consumir tabaco.
India tiene mucho interes en que
una operation conjunta bulgara-india
tenga exito, y que la exportacion de
tabaco Burley para el Este de Europa
se realice, pues el dominio del tabaco
flue-cured en la exportacion de tabaco
en hoja puede tener riesgos. Existen
planes para aumentar el area cultivada
con tabaco Burley a 1000 ha por to
December 19S2 World Tobacco 35

ADVERTISERS INDEX
12 Adams.W A.CoInC
II 7 Agnmmeor Pvl Ltd
9 AHeghany Warehouse
44 AMF-LEGG
96 ArkoteUd
BAT-Ctgaretten-Fabriken GmbH (Inside Sack
Cover]
17 Benken Deutsche GmbH &Co KG
107 Bomrnidala Brolheri Lid
7 Bnnkmann International
102 Bulgartabac
82 Canadian Leaf Tobacco Co Ltd
84 CardwellMachineCotUKILtd.The
54 Carolina Leaf Tobacco Co Inc
4 CarnngtonSi Michauxlnc
71 Casalee Belgium NV
Chalmers, Andrew. International (Outside
Back Cover)
74 Chugai Boveki Co Ltd
31 Comas srl
2B Craggslnc
79 Delta Leaf Tobacco Co Ltd
92 Oellafina SpA
114 Dibrell Bros Inc (UK Branch!
49 Dickinson Leaf Tobacco Co Inc
106 Edwards. Goodwin & Co Ltd
16 Export Leaf Tobacco Co
120 Fowler, John (India] Ltd
15 GaMaher International Ltd
30 Gas Fired Products Inc
6 GD
2 Haarmann&ReimerGmbH
30 Hail & Cotton Inc
38 Hambro Machinery Ltd
3 HauniWerkeKorber&Co
37 Heinen.A.,GmbH
125 Hertz. Alfred N.
53 Hertz SiSelck. European Frutarom
11 Intabex Belgium NV
105 ITCLtd
32 Itaipava
55 Job Export
90 Koch Scheltema BV
46 Kulenkampff Gebruder
57 LTB .
82 Macdonald RJR, Inc
88 MacTavish Machine Manuf Co
119 Maddi Lakshmaiah & Co Fvi
113 Maddi Satyanarayana & Co Pvl Ltd
77 Malaucene. Papeteries de
24 Marden-Edwards Si Co
48 Mauduit, Papeteries de
50 Miller Jas I.. Tobacco Co Inc
115 Mittapalli Audinarayana & Co
64' Mogul Tobacco Co Ltd
59, 60 Molins Ltd
22.23 Monk, A. C. Si Co
116 Nava Bharat Enterprises Ltd
80 Ontario Flue-Cured Tobacco Growers' Marketing
Board. The
29 Pacific Trading & Agency Co Ltd
63 Pakistan Tobacco Board
101 Payne, John, Engineering Ltd
5 Philip Morris International
109 PalisettySomasundaramfMLld
32 Powell International Corp
62 Premier Tobacco Industries Ltd
56 Quester, Wilh, Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Rothmans of Pall Mall (Inside Front Covert
66 Sagemulier, Franz, GmbH
13 SASIB
20 Scandia Packaging Machinery Co
76 Schlatterer.Max.GmbH&CoKG
39 Schweitzer Division, Kimberly-Clark Corp
121 SherifM.SiSons
Siemssen. Threshie Si Co (Outside Back Cover]
81 Simcoe Leaf Tobacco Ltd
25 Socotab leaf Tobacco Inc
121 Soporiwala Exports
120 Sri Jayalakshmi Tobacco Co Pvt Lid
34 Swisher. Jno H, & Son Inc
19 Tamag Basle Ltd
30 Tharrington Industries. Inc
78 Tingey Bt Co (Engineers) Ltd
52 Tobacco Associates, Inc
104 Tobacco Board of India
18 Tobacco Export Corporation of Africa (Pvt) Ltd
14 Tobacco Packers Export Co (Pvtl Ltd
94 Tobacco Trading Corp
26. 27 Transcontinental Leaf Tobacco Corporation
110 Tribeni Tissues Ltd
118 Universal Leaf (UK) Ltd
28 VacudyneAllairlnc
58 Van Beck A L. llmernationaaU BV
49 VanderEtstNV
106 VazirSuttanTobaccoCoLtd.The
10 Verafumos Ltda
117 ViswabheratAgro Products Pvt Ltd
8 Wattans GmbH. Papierfabrilc
32 Winston Leaf Tobacco & Storage Co
40 Zimbabwe Leaf Tobacco Co (Pvil Ltd
36
menos, en los proximos cino anos
(pagina 113).
OPINIONESDEUDERES
Si las palabras 'made in USA' en los
paquetes de cigarillos tienen un
impacto internacional.dpodrfan otros
paises blandir efectivamente sus
propias imagenes nacionales? Once
importantes personalidades de la
industria tabacalera dan sus opiniones
sobre esta cuestidn (pagina 72), y la
mayorfa llegan a la conclusion de que
la respuesta es negativa. Aceptan que
sus paises no tienen el mismo lugar
especial en el mundo del tabaco que
tienen los Estados Unidos, y prefieren
explotar otros rneritos, que no sean el
nacionalismo, en la venta de sus
cigarrillos en el extranjero.
CRISIS EN EL CANADA
La desoladora helada del 29 de agosto
dejo la cosecha de tabaco flue-cured
cerca del 33% por debajo del objetivo,
en unos 73m de kgs, informa nuestro
corresponsal de Ontario (pagina 79).
Pero el efecto en el importante comercio
de exportation de tabaco en hoja
debe ser pequeno, pues se estan
haciendo grandes esfuerzos para
asegurar que los compradores extranjeros
tengan un buen suministro.
Los fabricantes domesticos estan
limitando sus compras, y hay existencias
de tabaco de buena calidad
desde la temporada anterior para
aumentar la cantidad disponible
actualmente.
REGLAS SOBRE LA MEZCLA EN
ESPANA
EI nuevo programa de production de
tabaco en Espana (pagina 95)
fomenta el cultivo de mas tabaco fluecured,
en parte a expensas del tabaco
Burley. Se exige de la Tabacalera que
aumente la proportion de tabaco cultivadonacionalmenteensusmezclas,
tanto las negras, como la de los cigarrillos
Ducadosque tan populares son,
como las rubias, que ahora se estan
haciendo populares. Esta exigencia
es aplicable incluso para los
cigarrillos fabricados bajo licencia.
UTILIDAD DE LA HOJA
El concepto de utilidad-mas exacto y
significativo que la palabra algo vaga
'calidad' aplicada a la valorization de la
hoja — es examinado minuciosamente
en la pagina 97 por el Dr.
John S. Campbell. Identifica las caracteristicas
que hacen que el tabaco fluecured
y Burley sea o no sea atractivo
para los fabricantes. Mencionando
que la clasificacion sobre rneritos
cambiacon el tiempo, sugiere cuales
son las caracteristicas que haran que
los tabacos del futuro sean muy utiles.
FABRICAITALIANA FLEXIBLE
Con el fin de que pueda manipular
diversos tipos de tabaco, tanto
nacionales como extranjeros, [incluyendo
hoja ya empaquetada), la mayor
lanta de elaboration de hoja en
uropa actualmente en operation.
P
World
Tobacco
cerca de Assissi en Italia, ttene una
flexibilidad extremada. El tabaco
pasando porella puedetomar numerosas
rutas, evitando o pasando por
muchas etapas de elaboration esenciales
u opcionales. La ubicacion,
cerca de un monumento nacional (la
cuidad de San Francisco), es hermosa,
lo cual, de por si, ya fue un
desafio al buen gusto de los proyectistas.
PROGRESO EN PAQUISTAN
Mayores cosechas de tabaco fluecured
en los anos hasta el 1987 se
utilizaran principalmente para satisfacer
la siempre creciente demanda
para consumo dentro del pais, dice el
presidente de la Junta Tabacalera de
Paquistan (pagina 61). Pero la exportation
de tabaco en hoja y de productos
fabricados de tabaco seguira
siendoatendida.
ARTICULOS USUALES
Como siempre, nuestro primer articulo
'Noticias - Puntos de Vista -
Tendencias' contiene mucha information
que nose encontrara en ningun
otro sitio, analizando e interpretando
las actividades de la industria tabacalera
como ninguna otra publication
trata de hacer. Un estudio mundial de
los nuevos productos tabaqueros
(pagina 123) es tan amplio como
nuestro examen de 'Nuevas Maquinas
y Equipo' (pagina 65), y nuestro
resumen de tecnicas de promotion
usadas para divulgar los productos
tabaqueros (pagina 69). 'Noticias de
los Paises Productores' esta en la
pagina 83y en las paginas 75 y 76 hay
resenas de nuevos libros sobre
tabaco.
EXPOSICION Y SIMPOSIO
En la pagina 43 se dan noticias de
ultima hora sobre el Simposio y
Exposition World Tobacco que tendran
lugar en La Haya en abril de
1984.
December 1982

TI56320039

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Other Schweitzer brand
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Kimberly-Clark Corporation
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".Vrr.'-ff.r-sd?.-"." " "••••? P-::••—•
Headquarters:
1400 Holcomb Bridge Road, Roswell. Georgia 30076. Tel.: 404/587-8000
North American Sales Office:
236 South Liberty Street, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, Tel.: 919725-9127
December 1982 World Tobacco 39
•056320041

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The quarterly magazine of the
international tobacco industry
A world-ranging perspective of recent
developments, fresh ideas and production plans
EGYPT
NEW AT THE TOP
Mr Gamal Ahmed has been
appointed president of the largest
tobacco manufacturer in Egypt, the
Eastern Co, and chairman of its board
of directors. He
was formerly factories
directorgeneral
of the
company, which
he joined in 1953
as a factory
trainee. Mr Ahmed,
who studied
tobacco manufacture
in Egypt,
Europe and the
United States, ran the Libyan
Cigarette Co for two years during
1969 to 1971, after the enterprise
(formerly managed by BAT) passed
to Libyan control. A mechanical
engineer by profession, Mr Ahmed
has long been involved in the further
mechanisation of manufacturing
production in Egypt.
ARGENTINA
MANUFACTURING
MOVES
Following the move of the largest
cigarette manufacturer, Nobleza-
Piccardo, to San Martin on the
One of the very few
liveried vehicles in China
is now adding a touch of
colour to the streets of
Canton; it is the red and
white cigarette delivery
van used for transporting
Gallaher's Sovereign
cigarettes, being made in
the Canton No 1 factory
forsalem tourist shops
and like outlets.
COVER PICTURE
The collage composition on
Indian tobacco — relating to
the Supplement to this issue
- is the work of Mr V. Balu of
Bangalore. As well as being
in charge of promotion work
at the Coffee Board of India,
Mr Balu, originally a botanist,
is renowned in India
and beyond as an artist and
painter. Tobacco industry
friends, seeing exhibitions
of his collages on coffee,
have lately been encouraging
him to capture, by the
same technique, the beauty
and mystique of tobacco.
outskirts of Buenos Aires, from the
city locations where it had two
factories, Massalin-Particulares, the
other large manufacturer, is in
process of moving its operations to
the town of Merlo, some 60km (37
miles) from the capital.
'New brand' launches continue,
although the last newcomers to the
market are all line extensions.
Massalin-Particulares introduced
Colorado 10 followed by Chesterfield
10 and from Nobleza-Piccardo comes
Jockey Club 10. All seem to be doing
well, for by September all had got into
the top ten brands, with at least a 2%
market share each. The most recent
innovation is from Nobleza-Piccardo,
a 70mm filter cigarette called Derby.
Since April, cigarette sales have
stayed at a level lower than in any
month of last year, with sales of bright
(rubio) lines still gaining a little on
those of darker brands, which now
are less than a quarter of the market.
As at September, Nobleza-Piccardo
still held the larger share of the
market, with its leading brand, in
seven versions, holding a share of
35%. Massalin-Particulares is less far
behind in value of sales than in
volume, because it is less deeply
involved than its competitor in
lower-priced, dark cigarettes.
SPAIN
TABACANARIA
DIRECTION
Senor Candido Velazquez, formerly
commercial director of Tabacalera,
the tobacco monopoly in peninsular
Spain, has been appointed directorgeneral
of Tabacanaria, in which
Tabacalera has an investment.
Within a new administrative
structure at Tabacalera, Senor
Fernando Pi, formerly head of
marketing in the distribution division,
has been appointed head of a new
marketing and sales division; his
former post has been taken over by
Senor Luis Alvarez, formerly head of
sales.
BELGIUM
RJR INVESTMENT
The last independent cigarette
manufacturer of significant size in
Belgium, Ets Gosset, had been looking
for a strong international partner
for some years; R. J. Reynolds's acquisition
of a majority interest in the
business, which for 15 years has been
distributing its Camel cigarettes, is
not, therefore, unexpected. Gosset
has something over a 10% market
share in Belgium and Luxembourg,
with St Michel as its flagship brand at
home and in some export markets. Its
headquarters and manufacturing
facilities are in Bruxelles.
M. Camille J. Frere is being
December 7982 World Tobacco
41
T156320043

succeeded as general manager of
Gosset by Mr Jan C. Vermeijden, vicepresident
and general manager of
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Benelux, but
M. Frere remains a Gosset director.
D Specialised tobacco retailers are
expressing concern, through their
national association, about the movement
of certain cigars into supermarkets
-which are potentially great
competitors to specialised shops —on
terms involving rebates of up to 14%.
There is talk of specialist retailers
being asked by their association to
boycott tobacco products which are
retailed through their arch-enemies.
NEW PRESIDENT
OF CORESTA
Mr Alois Musil, who retired at the
end of 1982 as general manager of
Austria Tabakwerke, has been
elected president of CORESTA. In
that role, he will welcome to
Vienna the next CORESTA Congress
in 1984, the year of AT's bicentenary.
Mr Musil, now 69, an engineer
and a graduate economist, had
been 37 years with A T, 22 of them
as general manager. When he
joined the business at the end of
the last war, most of A T's factories
were in ruins. He became an AT
director after the reconstruction of
AT. During his 22 years in the top
position, AT's cigarette output
rose by 61% to more than 15,000m
a year; turnover increased fivefold
and efficiency soared, with the
number of employees sinking
from 4000 to 1700 over this period.
He is being honoured in Austria as
the man who successfully transformed
a rather old-fashioned
monopoly into a modern, dynamic
enterprise which had a pioneer
role in developing the low-tar, lownicotine
cigarette concept, now
accepted all round the world, and
in successful operations in foreign
markets, where AT currently sells
more than 5,000m cigarettes
annually.
ZIMBABWE
MA TERIALS PROBLEMS
The cigarette industry, worried that
stocks of manufacturing supplies -
particularly wrapping materials - not
available from local sources have
been running dangerously low, is
urging the government to be more
generous in allocating foreign
currency. The fear is that shortages
could cut production and thereby
reduce the Z$25m (US$32.9m,
£19.4m) of annual excise earnings
which the industry collects for the
government.
While cigarette sales increased a
little last year, a fall of 5.6% in sales of
pipe tobaccos is seen as confirming
an established trend.
D Mr P. J. C. Hazel has become
chairman of BAT (Central Africa) and
of BAT Zimbawe, headquartered in
Harare. He succeeds Mr N. J. I. Stourton,
who has retired.
ITALY
MOVE TO
SASIB
Mr Gian Carlo Vaccari has been
appointed managing director of Sasib,
the Bologna tobacco machinery
Mr Gian Carlo Vaccari-a
background
in control gear and
computers.
makers. He comes from Honeywell to
fill the vacancy left when Mr Ottavio
Frisoni died in August.
INTERNATIONAL
CIGARETTE ESTIMA TES
New information from Pakistan and
data received too late for publication
in the last issue of this journal leads to
a revision of the Pakistan estimates, in
the final form below, and to the
presentation here of data on fresh
countries.
All the estimates published this
year have been assembled in a single
document, available at $2.00 post free
from the editorial offices of this
journal, in London.
POLAND
MARKET DIVISION BY TYPES
Filter
Non-filter
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BUNDS
Brand & type
Sport-Popularne* 64mm p
Klubowe 70mm f
Carmen B5mm f
Caro 70mm f
Ekstra Mocne 70mm f
Orient 70mm f
Giewojtt70mffl f
Raawnskic 70mm I
Marir»re85mm t
Other brands
Market share
1979 1980 198'
43.1 44.7 41.9
56.9 55.3 58.1
Market share
1979 1980 1981
55.3 53.S S66
25.2 28.6 25.5
1.7 1.6 1.7
2.4 IS 15
1.7 2.0 14
0.9 10 09
1.9 l.» 01
40 34 0.8
1.9 II 07
50 4.7 10 I
Atfefevtaboos: I - fetter: p - plain
"Nave changed treat SMrtlf Ptatfane
THAI SALES cm.ll,on siecesl
1379-92.9** iSM-94.245 I9S1-89.0SS
PAKISTAN
Republished with additional information
MARKET DIVISION BY TYPES
Filtet
Non-fitter
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BRANDS
Brand & type
K2 plOs
Embassy p
Mark Seven
Medal
Wills 1
Embassy f
Gold Leal
Capstan f
Morven Gold I
Hylite 1
K2 ksl
Winner
Princeton
Red l White II Os
No. 10
Folks Own
Woodbine
Plaza 1
Melburn
National
Diplomat
Other brands
Maker
PR
PA
LA
KM
PA
PA
PA
PA
LA
IN
PR
PR
LA
PR
MG
SO
PA
PA
SO
LA
MG
Market share
1979 1980 1981
27.0 "» 31.0 *« 36.0 %
73.0 69.0 64.0
Market share
1980 1981
"'„
21.0
15.0
6.0
4.5
5.5
1979
S
22.6
15.4
6.1
3.7
4.1
— 2.6
5.1
2.8
2.4
— 0.2
O.B
2.8
2.0
2.9
2.5
2.1
— 1.6
0.5
19.8
—. 3.2
4.5
3.1
3.0
— 1.5
1.1
3.0
2.0
—
2.3
— 1.3
0.6
22.4
% 17B
10.9
9.0
4.6
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.2
1 B
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.5
15.B
Manufacturers: PR - Premier Tobacco Industries: PA - Pakistan
Tobacco Co: LA - Ukson Tobacco Co: KH - Khyber Tobacco Co;
IH - Tobacco International: 50 - Souvenir Tobacco Co; MG -
Mogul Tobacco Co
Abbreviations: p - plain; f - titter; ks - kins s '«
TOTAL SALES (million piecesj
1979-32.000 1980-34.700 19BI -35.800
PORTUGAL
MARKET DIVISION BY TYPES
Filler
Non-filler
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BRANOS
Brand & type
SO (all versions)
Portueues Suave 70mm p&80mm
Ritz 70mm & 85mm 1*
Kentucky 60mm p
Porto 70mm 1
Definilivos 65mm p
Provisorios 65mm p
Sintra 85mm f
CT 85mm f
other brands
Market share
1979 1980
% %
78.8 B1.3
21.2 18.7
63.1
%
67.0
%
1 8.0 8.5
7.0 5.8
5.1 5.3
2.9 2.2
2.9 2.7
2.3 2.2
0.9 0.3
1.0 0.8
6.B 4.6
All these brands manufactured by Tabaqueira EP
Abbreviations; p - plain; f—filler
TOTAL SALES (million pieces)
1979-12.300 1980-12.300 1981-13.200
PERU
MARKET DIVISION BY TYPES
Filter
Non-lilter
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BRANOS
Brand & type
Ducal
Premier
Winston
Salem
Others
TOTAL SALES (million pieces!
197S-3.600 1980-3.900 1981-4.000
PUERTO RICO
MARKET DIVISION BY TYPES
Filter
Non-lilter
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BRANDS
Brand & type
1981
%
—
Market share
1979 1980 1981
64.0 %
14.1
5.6
5.1
2.3
2.2
1.9
0.8
0.7
3.3
Market share
1981
90.6 %
9.4
1979 1980
% %
— —
Market share
1979 1980 1981
35 % 4
29 1
19 6
09
150
38.3
%
39.3
%
13.7 21.9
21.2 18.2
0.7 0.6
26.1 19.8
Winston
Salem
Merit
Marlboro
Pan Mall
KMI
70.2
10.3
4.B
6.5
2.0
17
Ke«t
VaaUfe
OUerbraMs
*S
TtTAt SALES m HionpMWeS'
1979-3.660 19M -3.600 1981-3 608
Market share
1979 1980 1981
S7.3 *». 98.0 % 990 %
2.7 2.0 10
Market share
1979 1980 1981
70.9
9.9
5.6
5.8
3.0
1.0
— 3.1
71.2
9.6
6.1
5.5
2.9
1.0
08
08
21
Wo rid
Tobacco
December 1$S2
TI56320044

ICELAND
MARKET DIVISION IT TYPES
Filter
Non-filler
POSITION OF SOME LEADING BRANDS
Brand & type
Winston ks
Camel
Winston Lithts
Viceroy kst
Marlboro ks f
Salem Lights
Salem ksf
Kent kst
Viceroy Lights
Vantace
Other brands
All these brands imported from the US
Abbreviations: ks - king size: t - filter
TOTAL SALES 'million D'ecesl
I960 I9S1-445
Market share
1880 1381
— 83.B
— 16.2
Market share
1980 1981
32.2 % 31.5 •»
1S.2 14.6
11.6 13.1
15.6 12.9
3.S 4.3
3.6 4.0
3.6
3.1
3.3
2.8
1.6 1.9
I.t t.4
8.6 10.2
cut its import duty, now35% (reduced
from 90% in a gesture in 1980); but
even if it were abolished, the effect on
the retail price would be a little dent in
the premium at which foreign brands
are sold. On average they cost at retail
fully 50% more than JTS-made products.
Assuming that neither the big
foreign companies nor JTS would be
keen on manufacture-under-licence
arrangements, the future of foreign
cigarettes in Japan seems to turn on
distribution arrangements. To set up
a distribution organisation to serve
250,000 outlets in parallel with that of
JTS, whose recently-confessed obstruction
tactics do not endear it to
foreign suppliers, would be enormously
costly, per pack distributed,
until huge volumes were attained;
that would be true even if the pro-
PHILIPPINES
TAX FORMULA
CHANGE
Taxation on cigarettes and cigars is to
change from a specific basis to an ad
valoj-em one, partly to simplify
collection procedures and partly to
remove, by 1985, tax distinctions
between locally-produced and imported
products, which seem to
contravene GATT requirements. At
present tax rates are broadly the
same on cigars as on traditional
cigarettes (presented in packs of 30),
but much higher on more sophisticated
cigarettes, which are in packs of
20.
The Internal Revenue Bureau is
drafting a project by which, over the
next three years, cigarette manufacturers
could raise their prices by
Pe0.30 (US4c, 2p) per pack, of which
one-sixth would go to the government
as additional tax — generating
some Pel70m ($20m, £12m) in
revenue.
JAPAN
IMPORT
CONTROVERSY
United States and other suppliers of
foreign cigarettes to Japan have little
hope of quick success in their incessant
demands to have the right to
win a bigger share of the Japanese
cigarette market than they have now
— 1.4%. Japan, which will allow
70,000 of the country's 250,000 retail
outlets to sell foreign products by
March 1984, and will allow all retailers
to sell them by March 1986, is giving
concessions slowly.
Perhaps the best hope for Philip
Morris, Reynolds and Brown &
Williamson (BAT), who head the drive
to penetrate Japan's huge market,
lies in the project to change the status
of the Japan Tobacco Corporation,
which handles all cigarette distribution,
and in the idea of creating an
independent import and distribution
organisation. Neither of these
schemes is yet beyond the proposal
stage. There is pressure on Japan to
Flashback (above and below) to the star-studded World Tobacco Exhibition and
Symposium, 1980.
'WORLD TOBACCO CLUB'
FEATURE IN EXHIBITION
AND SYMPOSIUM PLANS
Keen enthusiasm for the new concept of the World Tobacco Exhibition
and Symposium, to be held in The Hague, Netherlands, from April 15,
1984, is evident from the international response to the first announcement
of plans. Particularly popular isthe facility to help small exhibitors.
At a price far below that of the smallest units at the 1980 World Tobacco
Exhibition, they are able to have stands, fully built and equipped, ready
for instant, trouble-free business with the 3,000 visitors expected to
attend the event.
A unique feature of the event will be the World Tobacco Club, for
selected visitors, including Symposium delegates.
Full details about one of Europe's most attractive exhibition centres,
with stand layout plans and tariffs, are now on the way to enterprises
the world overthat provide machinery, leaf and manufacturing supplies
and services to the tobacco industry. Also interested in exhibiting at the
biggest event in the 1984 tobacco calendar are enterprises keen to
secure fortheirtobacco products wide international visibility and sales.
Topical subject-areas for the World Tobacco Symposium, a three-day
event rich in inspiration, concurrent with the Exhibition, are now under
intensive study; prospective delegates will be sent the customary full
detail about May 1983.
All inquiries about the combined event are being handled by the
World Tobacco Exhibition and Symposium office at the headquarters of
this journal, 21 John Adam Street, London WC2, England; the telex
number is 948669.
December 1982 World Tobacco 43
TI56320O45

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TI56320046

nil
III!
jected new organisation made use of
existing wholesale networks handling
general commodities, such as
groceries, instead of trying to do the
job itself. For some time after March
1984, the service of 70,000 prime
outlets might be all that importers
could reasonably manage, unless
their thrust for brand visibility made
them reckless.
JTS seems to have thought that this
was all it could reasonably manage, in
putting forward that 1984 target-not
from special hostility to foreign
products, but simply because itthinks
(as SEITA in France did in a parallel
situation) that numerous small and
remote outlets would have a demand
too small to justify all the local stockholding
and documentation involved.
D JTS has introduced a range of
'flavoured' cigarettes, aimed mainly
at younger male smokers and
women, to give what is described as
'a new concept in smoking pleasure'.
The four new products are in lime,
orange, mint and cinnamon flavours,
with tobacco claimed to be 'specially
mild and low in tar'. The tastes are
achieved by inserting flavour crystals
next to the filter.
D New restrictions started to be
enforced in October prohibiting
smoking in public places underground
and in assembly halls.
D The Finance Ministry has in mind
an increase in prices of cigarettes and
other tobacco products in May 1983;
an average advance of 11% is considered
probable.
D In the Japan Tobacco Corporation
Mr Hideo Sakamoto has taken
over the management of technical
affairs in the overseas division from
Mr Tamotsu Uchida. Mr Sakamoto
was formerly deputy representative
and deputy manager of technical
affairs in the overseas division.
Mr Uchida, after five years in the
T>0t- ~^A
position he now vacates at JTS, has
been appointed director of the Kyoto
Printing Factory.
D Mr KanjiOsuga has become president
of Denka Pharmaceutical Co of-
Kanagawa, the business which makes
the ferro-tannate material for use in
triple cigarette filters to adsorb
gaseous-phase components in
smoke, mentioned on page 127 ofthe
March issue of this journal. He
succeeds Mr Hajimu Watanabe.
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC
ALL-GOODS WARNINGS
There will be some period of grace
before enforcement of a new regulation
demanding that all tobacco
products - not only cigarettes - carry
a warning from the Minister of
Health: 'Rauchen gefahrdet Ihre
Gesundheit' (smoking imperils your
health). Each pack of cigarettes will
also have to declare the nicotine and
tar contents. Hitherto, cigarettes have
carried a health warning, but only as a
voluntary gesture by the manufacturers.
• The weight ofthe blow dealt to the
industry by the huge June tobacco tax
increase is now becoming measurable.
For the first two months, sales
fell about 30%; there has since been
some recovery, but the trade expects
that the first full year after the
increase will show a sales loss of 15%
to 20% compared with the previous
year. Over the longer term, sales may
never get back to the 1981 level
because ofthe number of people who
have stopped smoking. Priceconscious
smokers are replacing
purchases of factory-made cigarettes
by hand-rolling and by buying in
cheaper, adjacent countries. So the
government's tax increase expectations
will not reach the DM1,400m
($595m, £350m) looked for.
Employment in manufacture has
been hard hit, too. For example,
Brinkmann has dismissed 300
workers and Reemtsma's Roth-
Handle has 90% of its production
team on short-time working. Even if
sales recover, these employment
losses could be permanent, for in
Hinge-lid boxes distinguish
the three-size family of Men
cigars which Rinn & Cloos
unveiled'without previous
warning at a recent tobacco
fair in Dortmund.
Distributors applauded the
courage of
R&Cin launching an
innovation that is not cheap
into the very difficult cigar
market at the present time.
some cases they simply confirm the
need for fewer workers which rising
efficiency in manufacture was
pointing to anyway. This takes place
against the background of rising
unemployment in Germany, which in
turn will itself cut sales of tobacco
products.
Despite the tax increase, sales of
fine-cut tobacco are booming; some
brands have a gain of 50%. Past
experience suggests that as the shock
of the tax rise wears off, some
smokers will go back to factory-made
cigarettes; but others will remain
hand-rollers, especially those now
using light American-blend mixtures
in the little gadgets popular in
Germany for stuffing tobacco into
ready-made hulls of cigarette paper
with filters attached. Giant packs of
cigarette tobacco have sales exceeding
trade expectations: for
example, 500g (18oz) packs are doing
well at retail.
The tax-induced increase in pipe
tobacco prices has been fully accepted
by smokers; sales even tend to
edge higher.
n Cigar business, however, looks
unhappy, although one big unit in
that trade, Dannemann, is increasing
its capital and is at work on a strategy
to win more of the nation's shrinking
trade in cigars and cigarillos. One
tactic is to reduce the great variety of
shapes and sizes made and marketed;
another is to create new areas of
demand through intensive co-operation
with wholesalers. The company's
high-priced, natural Brazilian
specialities under the Suerdieck
name will continue to be distributed
mainly through tobacco shops, but
the middle- and high-priced Dannemann
brands will explore new retail
channels. With the guidance of consultants
specialised in grocery-trade
stock-selection and sales techniques,
Dannemann products will be moved
into supermarkets, grocery shops and
department stores; special packs, to
induce impulse buying, are being
developed for this trade. A drive is
also on to move the cigars in hotels
and restaurants, Dannemann doing
the promotional work and wholesalers
looking after provisioning.
• A three-step innovation by another
major cigar house, Rinn & Cloos, has
won enthusiasm from distributors for
its latest novelty. Men cigars, slim and
light in shade, are offered simultaneously
in three different sizes with
identical tastes and looks, and at
graduated prices. Imagery, directed
at successful, high-income 30- to
40-year-olds, suggests that Men are
to be savoured during relaxation after
bouts of masculine endeavour. Each
pack contains six cigars, with an inner
divider and an aroma-protective
December 1962 World Tobacco 45
TI56320047

The tobacco tradition and the company history of
the GK group are linked together. In the 19th^ cehtuiry
GK sailed their own Windjai
to carry tobacco to Europe.
TI56320048

inner pouch made of aluminium foil.
• Without operational or trading
change, the tobacco machinery
manufacturing business Wilhelm
Quester KG takes on a new corporate
form, as Wilhelm QuesterMaschinenfabrik
GmbH; it remains a family
business.
ZAMBIA
TAX REFORM CALL
The government should investigate
cigarette marketing, tobacco tax, the
tobacco products pricing system and
the black market, proposes the
Virginia Tobacco Association (the
country's flue-cured growers' organisation)
in a five-point plan for the
revitalisation of the agricultural end
of the industry. The plan argues that,
since the government loses some
ZK4m ($4.2m, £2.5m) per year in
tobacco that finds its way, untaxed, to
consumers, it should cut the cigarette
excise tax and use some of the remaining
excise receipts to finance
barn repairs and provide the capital
that farmers would need to increase
annual crops to a point nearer the
level of production before the long
post-independence slide. The VTA
also urges the government to provide
more research and extension service
to tobacco farmers.
INTERNATIONAL
DUTY-FREE QUESTIONS
Behind a festive fagade, much good
business in tobacco products was
done at the 10th International Taxfree
Trademarket held last month in
Cannes, France. Wrth more than 1.000
delegates to the accompanying symposium,
it was the biggest event of its
kind ever staged. A sister journal of
World Tobacco was the sponsor.
Tobacco-products exhibitors included
Alvana (Niemeyer), Austria
Tabakwerke, BAT Deutschland, Brinkmann
International, Dannemann,
Douwe Egberts, Gallaher International,
Imperial Tobacco International, the
Japan Tobacco Corp, La Paz, Ed
Laurens (International), Mac Baren
Tobaccos, Harald Halberg Export,
Martin Bros (Swisher), the Monopoli
di Stato (represented by Martini &
Rossi), Philip Morris, R. J. Reynolds
Tobacco International, Ritmeester,
SEITA, Skandinavisk, the Swedish
Tobacco Co, Tabacalera of Spain,
Tabaqueira of Portugal and Tobacco
Exporters International (Rothmans
International group).
Tobacco participants followed with
keen interest a symposium session
on suppliers' pricing policies, but the
most intense debate was on the major
question about the future of duty-free
trade in the European Economic
Community.
The future of trade at EEC duty-free
airport shops, aboard ferries and on
aircraft (particularly charter ones) has
already been thrown into doubt by a
court decision in the 'butter boats'
At the Cannes event,
Mr Sander Romick (right) of
the US duty-free distributors,
Alexander Dun & Sons Ihe
had formerly been in the
family businesses that got
Amphora pipe tobacco on to
the US market) pours a
degustation glass of
California wine for Mr Ralph
Levine, of Imperial Tobacco
of Canada.
case, already fully d'scussed in this
journal (most recently on page 45 of
the September 1982 issue).
That doubt is reinforced by the
north German supermarket chain
which originally took the matter to
law, going back to court for clarification
of the ruling that has alarmed the
duty-free trade. There are fears that
something destructive could emerge
from this new hearing.
Specifically, the duty-free traders
fear that this could provoke a declaration
that what has been going on for a
long time at airport duty-free shops
and aboard ferries has to stop.
Specially troublesome to the trade is
the apprehension that any such
declaration could stick. While the EEC
Council of Ministers could always
make a fresh law to overturn a court
judgement that seems unreasonable,
the Council would need unanimity on
the issue. Most EEC countries favour
continuance of passengers' rights to
shop duty-free en route from one part
of the Community to another, anomalous
as that is within a customs union
area; and the EEC Commissioner for
Taxation, Mr Christopher Tugendhat,
recently denied that the Commission
wanted to abolish duty-free shops.
But the required Council unanimity
may be absent if the new German
government displays the hostility to
* v.? !
JM*- *¥%
A/most all the world's tobacco houses active in international trade, or with ambitions to get into that business, exhibited at the 10th
International Tax-free Trademarket at Cannes, France, last month. Stands of (left) Martini & Rossi (distributors of the Italian monopoly's
cigarette MS), and of Brinkmann International (right) illustrate the high impact of the tobacco-industry's imaginative presence at this
show ..by a wide margin the largest duty-free trade event ever staged.
December 7962 World Tobacco 47
TI56320049

PDM means uniformity and
reliability in a broad range of
cigarette papers.
PDM means control of the tight
specifications that you require
for runnability, appearance and
accuracy of burning
characteristics.
PDM means efficient and
friendly service to the cigarette
industry.
PDM: a mark of confidence we
are proud to put on all our
products.
PDM: your partner in
developing the successful brands
of today and tomorrow.
PAPETERIES DE MAUDUIT
7. AVENUE INGRES
75781 PARIS CEDEX16 PHONE (1) 524 43 22
TELEX 620 907 TABREC PARIS
1
• uvsuout AtjmitnjnitB»hct
at not*.'nit*. ^J •-"O«»oe*no«i ;c-«t.'ja>>-i'0^
TI56320050

duty-free trade of its predecessor.
Duty-free traders and their suppliers
suspect that while the EEC
Commission may not itself be plotting
the end of a large and prosperous
part of international commerce, it
would not mourn if some other
agency was the executioner. That
other agency could be the European
Court of Justice, to which the earlier
German court case went on appeal.
Thus the Commission could emerge
from the affair with clean hands and
disinclined to take an initiative to
reverse a fait accompli which woulo
be in line with what the Commission
sees as its duty under the Rome
Treaty.
Almost all the substantial trade of
EEC ferry services and a lot (in some
cases, well over 50%) of the trade of
airport duty-free shops and aboard
charter airliners is at risk; the tobacco
products turnovers involved are
huge, for the EEC has the world's
prime concentration of duty-free
trading facilities.
SWITZERLAND
DISCOUNTING
CHALLENGE
The Federation de I'industrie Suisse
de tabac (FIST) is making a fresh
effort to oblige one of the country's
biggest supermarket chains, Denner,
to stop discounting cigarettes. A
cantonal court ruled in June that FIST
could not compel Denner to respect
Federation-dictated minimum prices.
FIST is now appealing to the highest
court in the land, the Federal Tribunal.
Meanwhile, the chain will have to
stop redeeming the 'discount
coupons' that it has been handing out
with certain cigarette brands; redemption
of these coupons effectively
brought down the price of
Portuguese and Finnish cigarettes
sold by Denner to below the FIST
minima. Denner says it has already
redeemed SFr27.5m ($12.9m, £7.6m)
worth of coupons.
• Federal authorities in Zurich have
upheld a decision by an assurance
committee, which has reduced the
disability pension of a heavy smoker,
for the first time in the country. The
man had to stop work because of
circulatory trouble. The assurance
organisation, noting that he had
smoked between 20 and 30 cigarettes
a day for 25 years, held him responsible
for his invalidity and cut his
pension by 20V Despite parliamentary-level
protests, the authorities
have maintained that the assurance
body's action was perfectly legal.
i.J Barclay American-blend cigarettes
have gone on the local market, from
BAT (Suisse), with the Actron fluted
filter which has aroused some controversy
in the United States. From
Dagmersellen, R. J. Reynolds has put
Reyno Light (7mg tar, 0.4mg nicotine)
into national distribution at SFr2.40
(US$1.11, 65p) per hinge-lid pack of
20, in a market that is now 1.5%
mentholated.
D In a reorganisation of the company
structure at A. Durr & Co AG, the
Zurich-based wholesale business, Dr
Albert Rieder has been appointed
managing director.
UNITED STATES
GETTING EXPENSIVE
The combination of two price rises
by cigarette manufacturers this year
and doubling of the federal excise
could hit the smoker hard enough to
cause a slight downturn in consumption
shortly. In contrast to market
performance in highly-developed
countries of Europe, domestic US
cigarette sales in recent years have
been inching upwards, despite the
Dickinson
LEAF TOBACCO COMPANY, INC.
dealers
exporters
TELEX 87-7368
PHONE 1804) 648-4787
Coble: Shoc/coe Richmond
Virginia
U S.A
December 1962 '•rid Tobacco
TJ56320O51

-. M --3*
We've
come
a long Way
since 1929
TST
"*«r
B'i
; /
A MEMBER OF THE STANDARD GROUP
OF TOBACCO COMPANIES
From the one nal 'amiiy rrerchart company, folded try
James I Miller eve' 50 years age. >.ve ha\.e grown .ntc
one of America s major leaf tobacc o processors
without ever 'o'gettmg OL.' family trad Kin
Our new paewng p;ant in Wilson. North Card na
is situated m 37 acre grounds, and is one nf t°e largest
leaf processing factories ° the Acrlrj Our scpn st :ated
processing facilities i-clude 52 AMF Ai;ce autc.m,,*-.-
leaf pTkers, 9 blending so;,s \\';fh a no dm.; cat 1 ;-.' \:
- • *«.."-' vwu' >io o b >i^c>oi*-a ^.^IC^M^ v.a^-.^. \y ..i
7 0C0.0C0 IDs v: th »'.":r '^;^eTi "^fs^ra r e c .r .:
! OOSe - e~^ ii~4- j An °^ - i'~ t~"tr:*^ " * ^ "~ ^' T'' 1 ! t r 1 *'•- : !*-
;f
buy ng tc.vr ccverrc , aua'i', ail Fiue>. u'ea auci Baiih-.
auction markets As \:^ can see. we are very \v*:->i
equ-ppC'd to P,A and prcxes- your order v.-ith ai> the
rareth.it tradition demands
T'y us. because A-o've come a long way s nee '9"9
JASJ.MILLERTOBACCO CO.JNC.
LEAF TCFACCO
S* l-O'l
•i'.
^ji -r-Jh
'ER r
F-
Tplf-C^n r1 f' i 1 ?' :"*' -'? ~ * 1 0-
TJ56320052

ising tide of hostility to the industry
and its products. Price is widely held
to explain this resilience.
Cigarettes have hitherto been
comparatively cheap— and were perceived
by smokers to be so. For some
years, their price rises lagged behind
the rise in the US's volatile cost of
living. But observers fear that once
cigarette prices move beyond the
psychological barrier of $1.00 per pack
in a lot of states, price resistance will
become a market influence.
D A deal that R. J. Reynolds has done
with vending machine manufacturers
will put exclusive advertising panels
for RJR cigarettes on tens of
thousands of new machines made by
leading suppliers over three years. In
addition, the company is making
available to vending machine
operators nation-wide, refurbishing
panels for existing machines.
• Philip Morris's new operations
centre at Richmond, Virginia (PO Box
26603, telephone (804) 274-2000), was
formally opened in September. The
550,000ft 2 (51,090m 2 ) building, which
took two years to construct and which
stands on a 58 acre (23.5ha) site near
the company's Richmond manufacturing
and research centres, is headquarters
for PM's administrative and
technical departments at Richmond;
it includes administrative and engineering
offices, research laboratories
and a pilot manufacturing
plant.
• A 156,000ft 2 (14,490m 2 ) tobacco
storage and primary processing addition
to Lorillard's Greensboro, North
Carolina, complex was officially
opened last month. Started in June
1979 and built at a cost of $28m
(£16.6m), it comprises two buildings.
One, of 122,000ft 2 (11,332m 2 ), uses
62,000ft 2 (5,759m 2 ) for primary processing
and the rest for reclamation
processing and storage. The other is a
34,000ft 2 (3,158m 2 ) tobacco store
that can accommodate unloading
trucks.
Control equipment provides brand
and blend codes to aid the proper
selection of ingredients for the seven
brands made at Greensboro and to
minimize errors. These controls are
programmed with product recipes, so
that operators are notified of any
mismatch or deviation from recipes.
Conveyors were designed to cut
down tobacco breakage; wide, slowmoving
belt conveyors with drag
pans avoid degradation and minimize
dust and tobacco leakage. Easy-
The tobacco cutting area of the new Lorillardprimary processing facility at Greensboro.
cleaning properties were built in; for
example, particles of tobacco from
conveyor pans are pneumatically
conveyed to a central collector for
subsequent screening and salvage.
The processes done in the new
facility start with the arrival of blended
strip, to which flavours have already
been added. From a bank of silos,
made by Griffin & Co, the strip passes
to the latest design of AMF-Legg highcapacity
cutters, the line then dividing
so that tobacco for two different
products can be handled simultaneously.
The cut tobacco is dried in
Hauni equipment, able to use several
different drying techniques, and
passed to the point where expanded
tobacco, held in Griffin bulking silos,
is added in before it goes through
Hauni mixing and flavouring equipment.
From a further silo downstream,
reclaimed material is added
into the cut tobacco before it is finally
moved into the cut tobacco store,
where an automated Fishburne fill
station puts it into containers and/or
bulking silos.
Cigarette reclaiming equipment is
from the MCM Co and reclamation of
useable material from dust and
slivers is handled by Sweco and
Cardwell equipment.
r] R. J. Reynolds Tobacco, that says it
started out on the motor sport
sponsorship road in late 1970 with the
single aim of boosting sales through
increased national exposure of its
cigarette brands, is now convinced
that this strategy has worked, (it also
points out that this course has been
beneficial to the sports concerned.)
Figures published recently by the
company show that more than 20m
people attended R. J. Reynolds
Tobacco-backed motor sport events
in 1980 and that 650 newspapers and
60 magazines with a combined
circulation of more than 2,100m ran
event stories distributed by
the company's public relations
department.
• Mr Chuck Kelley has joined Jno H.
Swisher & Co as vice-president,
machinery and development; he
comes from another cigar manufacturer,
Bayuk Cigar Co, where he
was vice-president of engineering.
Upgrading of existing
production
machinery is among
the main objectives
of Mr Kelley in his
newpost.
D Meanwhile,
Mr Henry (Hank)
Bass (right) has
joined Consolidated
Cigar as
vice-president,
sales and sales
development. The
reported take-over
of Consolidated
Cigar by Mac-
Andrews & Forbes
is off.
. i Mr Johannes Jordi is coordinating
manufacturing and leaf-buying for all
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco International
subsidiaries and licensees in Europe,
December 1962 World Tobacco 51
TI56320053

• II
With
Pride
The American tobacco
grower takes pride in the
quality of leaf he grows.
His proven superior
knowledge of growing
tobacco and Americas
fine soil and climate conditions
have combined to
produce the best tobacco
in the world.
The logo below is I he new identity
for Tobacco Associates, the flue-cured
tobacco growers' organization. American
growers know they have a superior product
and are working together through Tobacco
Associates to promote their bright leaf
worldwide.
If you have inquiries about U.S.
bright leaf please call us or your American
leaf dealer today!
• W
-- *.-.y»7".
>

Africa and the Middle East, in his new
position as director of operations for
the company's Area 1. He reports to
Mr Peter R. Eggli who was also
promoted - to senior vice-president,
finance and operations for Area 1.
• Edward M. Blackmer has been
promoted from vice-president of
marketing in the Far East for R. J.
Reynolds Tobacco International, to
vice-president of marketing, Puerto
Rico, for R. J. Reynolds Tobacco.
SINGAPORE
STRONGER TEAM
At Representations International,
which has a string of agencies for
south-east Asia covering tobacco
industry machinery and other supplies,
Mr Ludovico A. Serrano has
been appointed manager of the
machinery division and Mr Christopher
S. H. Lim has been appointed
marketing executive responsible for
the range of non-mechanical manufacturing
supplies which the business
handles.
INDIA
NEPAL: CORRECTION
A New Delhi report quoted in an
article in the last issue of this journal
about Indian interest in cigarette
manufacture in Nepal now proves to
have been mistaken in suggesting
that, alongside the Indian Tobacco
Co's involvement in a cigarette
manufacturing operation in Katmandu,
the National Tobacco Co also
had an investment in Nepal. World
Tobacco authoritatively learns that it
has not.
BRITAIN
ADDITIONAL FIGURES
Carbon monoxide, suspected of
aggravating arterial disorders, moves
into public awareness through being
included in the latest analyses by the
Government Chemist of constituents
of the nation's cigarettes, alongside
tar and nicotine determinations. The
range of CO yields per cigarette
is from under 3mg to 19mg, with four
of the five best-selling brands being in
the upper (16mg to 19mg) part of the
range, just as their tar contents are
nowhere near the bottom of the table.
The exception is Silk Cut {Gallaher),
standing next after Benson and
Hedges (Gallaher) and John Player
Special (Imperial Tobacco) among
the best-selling brands; it is low in tar,
in nicotine and - as a flush of
December 1982
advertising informs the public - in the
constituent of smoke now getting
censorious attention. The new table,
analysing samples taken about a year
ago, shows no direct correlation
between CO contents and tar and
nicotine standings of brands.
• While a new voluntary agreement
with the government on cigarette
advertising takes self-restraint well
beyond the levels of previous agreements,
the manufacturers are content
with the arrangement because it is a
medium-term one, with about 3V4
years still to run. Deep, tax-induced
gloom in the industry made them
disinclined to concede much that
would, in their view, limit brand
World Tobacee
competition or impede the advanceof
lower-tar products in a market whose
current sales are little more than
100,000m per annum - some 23%
below the level of seven years earlier.
The new rules call for bolder
display of government health warnings
on cigarette packs and advertisements;
a 50% cutback on poster advertising
from the 1980 level and a
40% cut on current cinema advertising
expenditure. Health warnings
have to appear, for the first time, on
many outdoor and indoor displays on
shop premises and the industry has
undertaken not to use the new video
and aerial media (cassettes, for
example) for advertising.
S3
TI56320055

Quality Selection is a continuous process at Carolina Leaf,
with all our people and all our tobaccos.
Selecting the right tobaccosfor our customers can be as
demanding as selecting the right person for ourselves. Thaf s
why we place so much emphasis on the quality of both.
%u see, if we choose the best qualified people available
to attend to our customers most exacting needs, we've assured
our customers the quality they deserve is exactly what they
receive Jfs me continuous process p i • y __.p
we provide year in and year out Ucirullllcl Lit/dl
TI56320056

ours
JOB
CIGARETTE PAPERS AND CIGARETTE FILTERS \
83, BOULEVARD EXELMANS \ \
75781 PARIS CEDEX16 I
PHONE: 651.43.38 - TELEX 610 820 =
CABLES :J08EXPAfllS
f
TI56320057

Qaester
Advanced Equipment for
modern Processing Plant
Straight - Laying System
to straight-lay whole tangled leaf,
at suitable moisture content for cutting,
with or without casing.
Capacity:
up to 1500 Kgs per hour
Plant and machinery
for all aspects of
tobacco
processing
WILH. QUESTER MASCHINENFABRIK 5000 KOLN 41
Berrenrather StraBe 282 • Postfach 42 02 88 • Telef on (02 21) 44 80 51 - Tetex 8 881 207
56
World Tobacco December 1982
T156320058

A likeniss of Jean Nicot, French diplomat, after whom "nicotine" and "Nicoliana Tabacum " were named
MORE OR LESS
NICOTINE
Nicotine levels are becoming a growing concern to
the designers of modern cigarettes, particularly
those with lower "tar" deliveries. The Schweitzer
tobacco reconstitution process used by LTR permits
adjustments of nicotine to your exact requirements.
These adjustments will not affect the other important
properties of LTR sheet such as low tar delivery,
high filling power, high yield, and the flexibility to
convey organoleptic modifications. We can help you
control your tobacco.
LE TABAC RECONSTITUE
7 AVENUE INGRES 75016 PARIS/ FRANCE
TELEX 620 907 TABREC PARIS/ FRANCE
PHONE (1)524 43 22
Get more tobacco from all your tobacco
U U«*CKCOMSWUEASUtMXMvWC9ANCEOf «•««•» O C »*t z'yxywjH
TI56320059

^HaUfco dWa .van beek
tobacco
A.L. van Beek (Internationaal) 8.V.
P.O. Box 494, Eendrachtsweg 71, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Telex: 23365 BETAB NL, Cable Address: Albeek-Rotterdam
Phone: (010) 147822
Affiliated and Associated Companies from A to Z
Brazil -Comercial Overbeck Ltda., Salvador-Bahra
telex: 711595 Cove br. phone: (71)242-3133/3690/3887
Ex port ado r a Catarinense de Fumos Ltda., Timb6
telex: 473192 axca br. phone: (473) 82-0044/0548
ColombU - Tabacos del Caribe (Colombia) Ltda., Cartagena
telex: 37766 ctoba co, phone: 44135/6
Dominican Republic - Albeek Santo Domingo C por A , Santiago R D
telex: 3461051 vanbeek. phone: 5822449
F.R.G. - Balkan Handelsgesellschaft mbH. Bremen
Iclcx 244146 cable tehaviet. phone 341915
Indoneila - P.T. Indonesia Indah Tobacco Corp., Ltd . Surabaja
telex: 31324 omelraco sb. phone 43379/43459/45294
haty - A.L. van Beek Italia. Rome
cable- cotatas. telex: 680593 pprmmz i. phone: 8394945/8395457/7994552
Malawi- Tobacco Suppliers Co (Malawi! Ltd . Lilongwe
telex 4383 maltos mi, phone 765266/765135
A L van Beek (Malawi) Lid . Lilongwe
cable malios phone 765135
STP (Malawi! Ltd Lilongwe
telex 4383 maltos mi. phone 765265-765135
Singapore - Albetraco International Pre Ltd
telex otc sin rs 23204, phone 2231155
Turfcay - Felemenk Turk Tutun AS , Izmir
telex 52226 him tr. phone 255246/131101
USA.- Holor Tobacco Corporation, New York
telex 224672 (rca) 421136 (ittl 620180 (wu.) phone i212i 682 2700
Zambia - Tobacco Suppliers (Zamb.ai Ltd. Lusaka
cable labeios
Zimbabwe AL van Bee* (Zimbabwe! iPvtiLtct Harare
te*ex 4191 pnooe 7603S23
TfjOACcoPache'SiPVTiLid Harare
*P4P< AIJ\ cw« 760353-4
TI56320060

-^
^ :
MKS LAUNCHEDAT
ACHIEVED
3000 CPM
MKS
LAUNCHEDAT
4000 CPM
ACHIEVED
5000 CPM
MKIO
LAUNCHAT
8000 CPM
19 UNIQUE FEATURES
MARK 10 TOMORROWS TECHNOLOGY-TODAY
IVIOLIIMS
TI56320061

MARK10 TOMORROWS TECHNOLOGY-TODAY
IVIOLIMS
TI56320062

Thewnterofthis
survey is chairman
of the Pakistan
Tobacco Board,
which guides
major parts of the
industry's
development
PAKISTAN PERSPECTIVE ON
TOBACCO EXPORT FUTURE
Increasing crops of flue-cured in the years to 1987 will dominantly be needed to meet rising
domestic demand, but exports of both leaf and finished products will have Tobacco Board
attention, writes MOHAMMAD AURAGZEB KHAN from Peshawar.
Pakistan's debut in production of
cigarette-type tobacco could be
traced back to 1948, when successful
plantation was done on a small area
of 104 ha {257 acres). Thereafter, the
farmers of the Peshawar valley - the
gateway to the famous Khyber Pass,
Swat district (the route followed by
Alexander the Great during his great
march eastwards in classical times);
as well as farmers in the Mansehra
district on the threshold of the famous
Karakorum highway and in Gujrat,
Okara, Sahiwal and Vehari districts
located in the heart of the Indus Basin
valley - all picked up this crop with
remarkable zeal and resilience. They
have since acquired the technical
know-how enabling Pakistan to
achieve per-ha yields lower in southeast
Asia only to Japan and South
Korea.
EXPORTS CHANGE COURSE
Up to 1971, exports of tobacco were
principally confined to the Eastern
Wing of the country* for meeting its
industrial requirements. After the
separation of the Eastern Wing, Pakistan
had to hunt for international
markets to sell its surplus tobacco
stocks. Being a good filler with appropriate
hygroscopicity and acceptable
flavour, and being attractively priced,
this tobacco found a ready market
abroad. Exports of unmanufactured
tobacco were mainly confined to the
United Kingdom, Italy and small
quantities to other EEC countries;
occasionally, unmanufactured tobacco,
also found marketability in Chile,
Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Egypt
and Japan. Some quantities of manufactured
tobacco, including cigarettes,
also found a market abroad from
1972-73.
During the past ten years, the
export trend of manufactured and
unmanufactured tobacco could be
seen in three phases - one of
upsurge, commencing in 1972-73 and
lasting up to 1975-76; a second phase
of decline from 1976-77 to 1980-81;
and a third phase of revival from
1981-82. The tables below illustrate
these phases.
10-YEAR EXPORT RECORD
PHASE I
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
PHASE II
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
PHASE III
1981-82
Leaf
mkg
6.69
10.24
11.96
14.7
13.32
11.11
5.53
2.94
1.03
1.92
Cigarettes
m pieces
32
227
291
401
626
627
656
620
796
1,235
Value
USSm
4.5
10.83
13.39
16.18
16.55
12.74
10.18
8.14
5.42
8.8
The primary reasons forthe decline
in exports were the gradual rise in the
domestic cost of production; stiff
competition from other tobacco-
TOBACCO IN
Pakistan
exporting countries; the easy availability
of tobacco to importing countries;
and the launching of health
hazard warning programmes in
several countries, affecting the
growth rate of tobacco consumption.
Foreign buyers of tobacco from
Pakistan are fairly satisfied with its
quality, grading, packing and shipment,
but the rising cost of produc-
A fine crop of flue-cured in the North-west Frontier Province of Pakistan, before topping.
The general conditions in this area are similar to those in some of the world's most
favoured tobacco-producing areas.
* -nowBangladesh :£d

concerned parties have been clearly
specified; minimum prices for
various types and grades of tobaccos
have been assured for growers;
payment schedules have been
properly laid down and credits under
the Deferred Payment Leaf Purchase
Voucher scheme have been arranged
for the manufacturers.
This approach adopted by the
Pakistan Tobacco Board, with active
collaboration of the parties involved
in tobacco production and its trade,
proved very fruitful. The demand for
flue-cured Virginia tobacco has been
fairly assured for the industry and for
export. The table below is illustrative
of the recent trends of production and
leaf use.
HOW FLUE-CURED IS USED
Packing cigarettes in one of Pakistan's 23 manufacturing factories. Production is rising
every year to meet the needs of a voracious market and is expected to go on rising, at least
until 1987.
tion at domestic level, in competition
with other cash crops, has inhibited
exports.
The Pakistan Tobacco Board has
been placing great concentration
upon research and development and
since 1977 has set up four research
stations, with a network of extension
services in tobacco growing areas,
which are now fully operative. The
spread of improved technology has
thus been accelerated; pests and
diseases have effectively been
controlled and the trend towards
quality improvement and yield
increase maintained. Particular attention
was also accorded to the streamlining
of marketing operations with a
view to striking a fair and just equilibrium
for all three cognate groups viz.
producers, agents and manufacturers.
The rights and obligations of
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-61
1981-82
Output Home Export Total
million kg, farm weight
30.00
25.60
27.50
24.65
28.60
21.96
22.1/
26.91
25.82
27.55
5.27
2.16
1.85
0.28
1.10
27.23
24.33
28.76
26.10
28.65
Apart from 1982-crop tobacco, the tobacco
companies have 16m kg of reserve stocks
Foreign exchange earnings of
manufactured and unmanufactured
tobacco exports form a very small
portion of the total national foreign
exchange earnings; on average, the
value of tobacco exports was only
we have your
tobacco budget in
L \^m* mind
At Premier, we have your tobacco budget n mincl
when we offer high duality tobaccos at the most
reasonable cost.
We also export quality cigarettes to many countries
iroLinci the world. Our product K-;», the most popular
cup'-ette in Pakistan, ranks highly in export markets.
Years of knowledge and experience
hel|> us ti n -i!t tne needs of
fi'.ulity conscious tobacco importers
the world over our skills an. I'll''. ~.'i; en p*
World
Tobacco
December 1961
TI56320064

0.43% of total foreign exchange
earnings of the country during the last
five years. Pakistan is, however,
interested in enlarging its exports
through diversification of trade;
despite appreciable increase in
foreign exchange earnings, Pakistan
still has a wide gap in its trade
balance.
OTHER CROPS ENTICING
Tobacco in Pakistan is now under
stiff competition from other cash
crops like sugar-cane, sugar-beet,
cotton, and even cereal crops such as
rice, which is in international
demand. The economic pull of alternative
crops which the farmers plant is
growing. The redeeming feature for
tobacco, however, is the sustained
rise in output per unit of area, which
is higher than that of other cash crops.
To counteract the price problem, the
Board is already working fora gradual
shift to use of liquified petroleum gas,
rice husk and sugar-cane bagasse
briquettes for flue-curing, on which
trials undertaken by the Board during
the last three years, in collaboration
with tobacco companies, have proved
quite productive. Results obtained
disclose economy both in curing time
and fuel cost. Studies of ways to
reduce labour in field operations
through introduction of automatic
planters and leaf-stitching machines
are also in hand. Despite declining net
profitability of tobacco to farmers - it
is a crop which is highly cost- and
labour-oriented, and is also susceptible
to natural hazards - producers'
interest in this crop has been maintained
through induction of improved
technology, effective price support
mechanism and better handling of
marketing operations. Yet another
factor which has kept the farmers
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN»PAGES«PAGINAS
33-36
Cured tobacco from
the farms being
weighed at a buying
station. In recent
years, the proportion
of the crop being
used by domestic
manufacturers has
been rising, leaving
progressively less
for export.
wedded to this crop isthe small size of
their holdings - generally below 5 ha
(12 acres) - on which mechanised
farming is not possible. Moreover,
the farmers, once having acquired
expertise in the production of certain
types of crops, such as tobacco,
develop a loyalty for them which they
wish to maintain, notwithstanding
increasing problems of cost and
labour.
CAPRICIOUS WEATHER
The weather conditions in Pakistan's
flue-cured tobacco growing
areas are quite satisfactory; however,
sometimes either the rainfall is
delayed or unexpected hail damage
occurs in May and June, when normal
temperatures are in the range of 38°C
to 41°C (100°Fto 106°F) in the plains.
Pakistan is already producing aircured
Virginia and Burley tobaccos
for domestic consumption. Exports of
air-cured Virginia are hedged in by
quality factors and the introduction of
Burley in submontane areas has
recently been undertaken. It is intended
to give it a fillip through
improved technology. The farmers
have yet to acquire more skill in aircuring,
for which assistance is being
provided to them.
Projections of home market and
export demand for the next five years
are given in the table below.
FLUE-CURED NEEDS TO 1987
Home Export Total
mil/ion kg, farm weight
1982-83 28.9 0.6 29.5
1983-84 29.9 0.6 30.5
1984-65 30.8 0.7 31.5
1985-86 31.7 0.7 32.4
1986-87 32.6 0.8 33.4
To meet this demand and also to
generate surplus stock for export,
production of flue-cured Virginia
tobacco has to be maintained at the
level indicated in that table. The fluecu
red tobacco crop of 1982, harvested
recently, has turned out to be fairly
satisfactory from the viewpoint of
both producers and users. Production
was 28.6m kg (62.9m lb), which was
some 5% ahead of the needs of the
tobacco companies, at 27.15m kg
(59.7m lb).
Except for damage through hail in
May and delayed rain at harvesting
Our endeavour is to serve you to the best of
our ability with tobaccos produced in most
scenic surroundings. Try and you will
relish it.
PAKISTAN TOBACCO BOARD
P.O.BOX NO. 188,PESHAWAR,PAKISTAN CABLE: PEETEEBEE
December 1982 World Tobacco 63
TI56320065

time, weather conditions remained
normal. A further yield increase was
recorded, due to better farm practices.
The operations of buying from
the growers were well managed,
because of advance production
planning keeping in view the targeted
demand. A number of measures
have been adopted for the regulation
of the marketing system in a manner
which eliminates irritation and
tension.
The tobacco industry in Pakistan is
well established. There are 18
tobacco companies operating 23
Bright leaf production in
the next five years is
expected to rise in line with
the growth of home and
export needs, with no
intended increase in the
stock-holding in the
country's warehouses.
cigarette factories with an installed
capacity of 78,480m pieces per year
on a three-shift working basis. Two
major tobacco companies have inter­
EVER-RISING PRODUCTION OF CIGARETTES
1977-78
1978-79
1979-60
1980-81
1981-82
The march of MOGULS
Set up in 1956, Mogul Tobacco Company Ltd. has acquired skills in
exports of quality flua-curtd Virginia and country air cured tobaccos.
MTC possesses a sound network of buying depots supported with
modern redrying plant.
MTC exports quality cigarettes. Its cigarettes won several gold medals at
Monde Selection and also the Gold Mercury International Award
in 1978 tor Productive Development and International Co-operation.
Leaf use for
cigarettes
m kg, net weight
34.65
36.96
38.34
40.11
42.63
connecting foreign interests. Ths
tobacco industry, as a whole, has
done well. The average annual
growth rates of tobacco utilisation
and cigarette production during the
past five years have been 5.76% and
5.45% respectively; the proportion of
filter-tipped cigarettes has risen from
22% to 42% during the same period.
Some details are in the accompanying
table.
To sum up, the tobacco crop and
related matters are being well looked
after by the Pakistan Tobacco Board,
with active co-operation of the parties
involved in production, trade and
manufacture. Policies followed by the
Board have proved rewarding in the
sense that the farmers' interest in the
tobacco crop has been sustained; themanufacturers
have been able to
satisfy their targeted demand; and
exports, more particularly of cigarettes,
have shown a great improvement.
Plain
24,401
23,983
23,606
23,591
22,132
Cigarette production
Filter
6,903
8,553
11,041
12,300
16,000
CONFIDENTIAL
(million)
Total
31,304
32,536
34,647
35,891
38,132
The World Tobacco Consultancy Service, run
jointly by this journal and The Economist Intelligence
Unit, makes no noise about the tobaccoindustry
studies it undertakes for international
organisations, governments, companies and
monopolies, because each assignment is strictly
private to the client.
But the Director would whisper to any reader of this
journal, in need of agricultural development or
market research consultancy work on tobacco,
some detail of the professional help offered by the
4
" ^ ^ P
THE
GOLD MERCURY
INTERNATIONAL
AWARD
MEXICO CITY 1978
MOGUL TOBACCO COMPANY LIMITED
8th Floor. Adamjee House! 1.1. Chundrigar Road.
P.O. BOX 5386 Karacfai-Z PAKISTANI.
Ph.227131-4 LINES. CABLES: MOGULBLENO TELEX2771 SUCRO PK.
WORLD TOBACCO
CONSULTANCY SERVICE
21 John Adam Street, London VVC2, England
64 World Tobacco December 198.
T156320066

NEW MACHINERY & SUPPLIES
Neue Maschinen und Zubehor
Nouvelles machines et materiel
Novedades en maquinaria y materiales
HEINEN
To rationalise and humanise the
unpacking of tobacco boxes
before leaf goes into
manufacture, a Depacomat
installation, which has been
running for about a year in a
cigarette factory, is now
generally available. It was
developed to handle T6B
telescopic board boxes of
1180mm x 740mm x 705mm,
containing 200kg (440lb), at
outputs of between 25 and 30
per hr. In operation, boxes are
fork-lifted, two at a time, on to an
accumulating conveyor (right, in
the picture) and the upper one is
lifted. The boxes are then drawn
LEAF BOX UN PA CKER
through a gate and their
securing straps are cut, and fall
away, the boxes previously
having been accurately aligned.
The boxes are then turned
through 90° on the conveyor by
a turning lug and are precisely
positioned. A grab then seizes
the top of the box, pulls it off and
moves it to the folder (left in
picture), where the boxes are
stacked flat. Meanwhile, the rest
of the box, containing the leaf,
has been turned through 180°
and put on a pallet, ready to be
taken away by fork-lift truck.
Roller conveyors to take the
unboxed block of tobacco away
and to feed empty pallets out of
a pallet magazine can automate
this procedure. The whole
operation between setting down
the box in the machine and
removing the freed tobacco is
automated, under
programmable control.
A Heinen, Varel, German
Federal Republic.
GD
BANDEROLE PERFORA TOP CHUGAI BOYEKI
The maker of the FG51
formulation of ferro tannate for
cigarette filter use, mentioned
on page 127 of the March 1982
issue of this journal, is Denka
FERRO TANNATE
Pharmaceutical Co of Kawasaki,
Japan. A misunderstanding led
to another pharmaceutical
house being named in the notes
on ferro tannate.
FILTRONA
SMOKING BEHA VIOUR MONITOR
For use in countries like the
German Federal Republic,
which requires that banderoles
tear when cigarette packets are
opened, an optional banderole
station, for coupling to the
cellophaner section of the
4350/PACK ensemble of
packing equipment, permits
perforation of the tax-stamp
strip. (This perforation is
desirable on banderoles
attached to hinge-lid packs, as
the banderole's own tearresistance
can sometimes lead
to the hinge pa it of the pack
tearing when the pack is
opened). The new device
perforates the banderole strip
before it is applied to the pack.
The facility can be fitted to new
machines, and existing ones can
be modified with the aid of an
adaptor kit.
GD SpA, Bologna,
Italy.
For accurate recording of
smoking habits in real-life
situations, as a guide in cigarette
design and evaluation, the
compact and portable human
smoking behaviour recorder
designed by Projects CGC Ltd
permits study of puff duration,
interval and volume as well as
flow rate and pressure drop. The
subject smokes a cigarette held
in a special holder, incorporating
a synthetic jewel orifice and
connected by two flexible tubes
to the pressure and flowmeasuring
transducers within
the recorder. Disc records can be
used as input to a central
analytical computer and for
driving smoke puff duplicators,
so that specific smoking
patterns can be replicated with
machine-smoked cigarettes. A
miniature visual display unit in
the front panel serves as a
system monitor and displays
measured variables during
calibration and recording. Each
instrument, powered by mains
electricity, is supplied with ten
8-in floppy discs.
Filtrona Instruments and
Automation, Milton Keynes,
England.
OTTENS FLAVORS
COUMARIN REPLACEMENT
The controversy surrounding under high heat. The makers
coumarin gives point to the describe the flavor as 'warm,
development of an artificial hay-like and tobacco-like'.
coumarin replacer in the US.
Ottens Flavors, Philadelphia.
The new flavoring, reported to
Penn. USA.
be three to five times the
strength of natural coumarin, is
intended for use as a topping
and blender in tobacco
products. It is formulated
entirely from ingredients that
have 'GRAS' status under US
federal drug regulations, and is
claimed to maintain integrity
December 1982 World Tobacco 65

HAUN1
Devised for the discharge of
tobacco with extremely high
dust contents, a new hydraulic
tipper makes a special feature of
dustsealing.Thetipper platform
(illustration, left) is enclosed and
has a double-wing door at the
loading side. Tobacco is
emptied into the connected
storage box th rough a chute
fitted on top of the box; the
tipper piattorm is transported
into the chute, whereupon the
chute flaps, and then the
pivotable piattorm lid, are
opened. Flexible seals on the
moving elements prevent
tobacco dust from escaping. The
unit has a tipping angle of 140°
to 160°and a load capacity of
between 400kg and 750kg (880lb
and 900lb), depending on size
specification.
r
Csntrifugsl Cellular Sieve Drum
Precision Cutting Michine
LOW-DUST TIPPER FILTRONA-OERTLIIMG
Hauni-Werke Kbrber& Co,
Hamburg-Bergedorf, German
Federal Republic.
BRITISH CELLOPHANE
A new Shorko co-extruded
polypropylene film for highspeed
overwrapping of cigarette
and cigar cartons, designated
the 200 SCT Mk III, is intended to
run on the latest high-speed
cigarette and cigar carton
overwrappers, at speeds up to
450 per min (and has been used
on Molins, GD and Scandia
equipment), with appropriate
surface characteristics and heatseal
properties. Its enhanced
optical properties include
^UpTA7 f
To complement existing
cigarette inspection and
measurement instruments, a
new range of robust, portable
electronic balances, the HB63
series (illustrated/, offers two
weighing ranges. They are 600g
to the nearest 10mg and 60g to
the nearest Img, switch-over
being at the touch of a button.
Digital display of readings and
automatic button-operated tare
and zero settings make for
straightforward operation. BCD
output is supplied as standard,
to permit interfacing with
calculators, printers or
computer systems. These
instruments feature electronic
digital filtering, which reduces
their susceptibility to vibration
and draughts.
IMPROVED FILM
markedly reduced haze and
somewhat improved gloss; the
film also has anti-block
properties to allow cartons
overwrapped with 200 SCT
Mk III to be dispensed easily
from automatic vending
machines. It is available in
22 micron thickness with a unit
weight of 20g per m 2 and a yield
of 50m 2 per kg.
British Cellophane Ltd,
Bridgwater, England.
ELECTRONIC BALANCE^
For applications where the
capacity of the HB63
instruments is not ideal, there
are also two single-range
balances, both with 200g
capacities; the KB23 measures
to the nearest 1 mg and the KC22
to the nearest lOmg.
Fi/trona Instruments and
Automation Ltd, Milton Keynes.
England.
Franz Sagemiiller GmbH
Make the best of the quality of
your raw materials and the
advantages of economical
engineering. We solve your
technical problems from the
smallest detail up to the whole
conception.
Franz Sagemiiller GmbH are your
partners - you should take full
advantage of their experience
which will be profitable for you.
Our manufacturing programme includes devices
and machines for all necessary steps of operation.
Our technicians and engineers develop and
construct machines and plants according to the
latest technical standards.
We show here some of our interesting new
developments. When talking with our specialists
you will come to the conclusion that our machines
guarantee an optimum production for you.
Feeding Systen
(etMfttte* ky aleefctaie devices)
Franz Sagemiiller GmbH • D-2935 Bockhorn 1
Nordstrafie 30 Telefon (0 44 53) 716 91 J
66 World Tobacco December r^S2

SWEDOT
Now available (as illustrated) in
large-character (13mm to 64mm
height) as well as smallcharacter
(2mm to 4mm) print
sizes, an ink jet printing
installation is suitable for
various carton, tray and case
marking applications in tobacco
factories. As the jet spray
inscribes packages without
touching them, wear is
minimised and coding of
packings with irregular surfaces
is possible. The system is userprogrammable,
with alterable
memory facilities as standard.
Big-character printing can be
done at line speeds of up to
120m (390ft) per min. A novel
feature is the system's ability to
print in both 'UPPER CASE' and
INK-JET PRINTING
'lower case" characters The
microprocessor in the system
can be interfaced with other
electronic equipment to
integrate ink-jet coding into
elaborate, advanced
production, warehousing and
distributions systems.
Swedot Systems AB. Goteborg,
Sweden (in Britain, Lawtons
Ltd, Liverpool.)
MACTAVISH
A high-performance vertical lift
closed circuit separator for
green leaf threshing plants, the
VLSC, is designed for economy
in running, maintenance and
first-purchase cost; it is
intended for use at any stage in
processing lines. Apart from
frugality in its needs of air and
energy, it has a unique
combination of features, not
before offered in a single
machine, say the makers. The
main air stream is vertically
upwards and the product is
injected horizontally into the
separation chamber, through a
winnower; the separator air
circuit is a closed system,
eliminating the need for any
dust extraction equipment; the
VERTICAL LIFT SEPARA TOR
lamina is drawn off the top of the
unit and the flags settle on a
perforated belt; air passing
upwards through that belt gives
a second opportunity for any
lamina there to float upwards
before reaching the discharge
chute. VLSC units can be stacked
one on top of another, if building
height permits, and they can be
used in combination with other
separators or in stand-alone
situations.
MacTavish Machine
Manufacturing Co, Richmond,
Virginia, USA.
CATALYTIC GENERATORS
Already in widespread use in
North America, the use of a
chemical to promote the
colouring of flue-cured tobacco,
during the curing process, is
moving into Latin America and
further afield, reports the
supplier of one system popular
in the US. The system consists
of a tobacco colouring generator
and a supply of Ethygen
concentrate; it produces a
hormone which accelerates the
de-greening of tobacco and
usually cuts curing time down
LING SYSTEMS
A carton diverter is an additional
facility now available for the
JetStream air-cushion
conveying system, to move
sensitive or fragile loads at high
speeds from the main conveyor
to satellite packing or work
stations. Any number of
diverters can be added to a
conveyor complex. The diverter
COLOURING AID
by up to 24 hours-sometimes
more. For best results, the
tobacco has to be fully mature;
the technique does not work
well on immature leaf. The
generator is driven by mains
electricity and can be used in
conjunction with both bulk and
conventional barns or kilns.
Catalytic Generators Inc. Norfolk,
Virginia. USA.
CARTON DIVERTER
can automatically and
continuously monitor the
supply-demand situation
throughout a conveyor network
and feed the various stations as
required, by reading and
interpreting photocell signals.
Ling Systems Ltd, St Neots,
England.
December 19S2 World Tobacco 67
TI56320069

HAUNI
The SRAT vibrating conveyor
fromHauni Is a re-designed,
extra-wide version, up to
2.000 mm (39 4 m). His
appropriate, with suitable
fittings, as a new-sryle feeding
trough for tobacco cutters. The
redesigned conveying trough is
in nickel chromium steel, spot
welded, self-supporting and
resistant to distortion. To make
for ease of cleaning, there are no
screw joints in the conveying
trough (which is above the
vibratory mechanism in the
illustration). Although the SRAT
has a high feed rate, it has a low
VIBRA TING CONVEYO
rotational speeo to ensure
smooth running, and a noise
level down at 65 dB(A). This
conveyor was specially
designed for heavy-duty,
maintenance-free work, and to
be highly efficient in absorbinq
natural vibrations, through
effective bedding on high-flex
coil springs and through careful
balancing of the trough and the
counter-weight.
Hauni-Werke Kbrber & Co,
Hamburg-Bergedorf, German
Federal Republic.
FILTRONA
Suitable for routine testing of
ventilated cigarettes in a
production environment, two
ventilation meters are now
available from Filtrona.They are
the Model VOM 100, which
measures ventilation only, and
the model BVM 100 (illustrated),
which measures both pressure
drop and ventilation; the BVM
100 also has a data output port
for an HP97S calculator, which
can be supplied with the
instrument, together with an
appropriate programme. Both
meters are fitted with a newly-
VENT/LA TION METERS
designed adjustable head which
gives the user the choice of
measuring either tip ventilation
or total ventilation over a wide
range of cigarette sizes. These
instruments have digital display
of readings and are designed for
ease of operation and
maintenance. In both, insertion
of the test cigarettes into the
test-head sleeves is done
manually.
Filtrona Instruments and
Automation, Milton Keynes,
England.
ACTAIR
TWO- TIER DUST FIL TER
Designed for continuous duty in
process and air pollution control
situations in the tobacco
industry, the Pactecon PC200
range of dust filters has two tiers
of filtration cells, giving high
output on a small floor area.
They are suitable for air flows of
up to 60,000m 3 per hr OS^OOft 3
per min), operating at
temperatures up to 135 = C
(275°F). Collection of 99.985% of
dust particles down to 0.5
micron size is guaranteed. The
fabric filtration medium is in the
form of flat bags grouped in cells
which are isolated automatically
from the process air-stream, for
cleaning with reverse air
impulses; this eliminates dust
transfer to on-stream filters.
Actair International
Wales.
Ltd, Cardiff,
IMPEX
A moisture content monitor for
leaf tobacco, the DM6, has been
designed to give precise control
in the final stage of redrying,
when over-dried leaf is
re-humidified to the exact
required moisture content.
A sensor, measuring about
10cm x 20cm (4in x 8in) is
positioned immediately under
the dryer outlet and makes a
continuous integrated
measurement over intervals of
up to 2 min. Output from the
monitor makes a continuous
pen recording for record
purposes and controls the
humidification area of the
redryer. Determination of the
leaf's water content is based on
a radio frequency capacitative
measuring technique which
uses the differential dielectric
constant of water and leaf
(about 1:16). Results, obtained
MOISTURE MONITOR
in under 2 sec, are displayed on
a digital readout calibrated in
0.1% units; accuracy to within
0.5% of the selected range is
claimed. By use of an optional
control loop, the DM6 can also
help energy economy, by
regulating the dryer
temperature during periods of
low demand. Besides the
standard sensor, a range of
other probes is available to suit
differenttypesoftobacco; one is
a large-area unit for monitoring
the moisture in reconstituted
tobacco.
Laboratory Impex Ltd, Twickenham,
England.
BUCHANAN
GAS-FILLED THERMOMETERS
Use of an odourless, colourless
gas that is both non-toxic and
monatomic is the key to
accuracy and reliability in a
series or industrial
thermometers covering, in
single models, wide
temperature ranges The
properties of the gas are used to
give a linear reading on an
instrument that is highlyresponsive.
Direct- and (lushmounted
models are available
with 4in and 6in (10cm and
15cm) diam dials, covering the
temperature ranges 0 to 200 C
(32- to 392-F), -40 s to -50'C
(- 72" to - 122F) and 0' to 120=0
(32- to 248-F)
Buchanan Bros Ltd, Glasgow,
Scotland
68 World Tobacco December '932
T156320070

MARKETING
IMPACT
Bumper promotion
A competition in Belgium in which
participants had to match Camel
cigarette vehicle sticker halves
assured the brand of the promotional
run of three major cities. An
estimated500,000stickers were
given out at tobacconists, petrol
stations and cinemas. Recipients had
to attach their sticker halves to their
vehicles and then look out for the
corresponding pieces on other
vehicles. Once two people had
matched stickers, they only had to fill
in a form to obtain invitations to a
series of'Let's Camel Together!' rock
music concerts. More than 4,500
people attended these concerts.
Grass roots promotion
In contrast to the big-match support
often associated with tobacco
companies, Gallaher, through its Silk
Cut brand, is sponsoring an inter-club
tennis tournament in the UK that
specifically excludes all players of
county standard or above. T7?e Silk
Cut Championship 1983, which has
been sanctioned by the country's
Lawn Tennis Association, is being
organised by a British Davis Cup team
member and will have as referee, a
former Wimbledon referee. Prize
money is more than £7,500 ($12,600).
As well as providing encouragement
for more than 1.5m tennis players, the
sponsors believe it will carry the Silk
Cut brand name into areas where it
will most actively support retailers.
Summer sails
. f .... * ^^^^m
Thirty competitors from North and
South America and Europe took part
in the Yellow Fever International
Windsurfing Invitational in Puerto
Rico this summer, with R. J.
Reynolds's Salem brand name in the
list of sponsors. Puerto Rico is now
being considered as a possible venue
for the 1983 Windsurfer World
Championships, an event that would
have a much wider international
significance.
World-wide coverage
Winston cigarettes were assured of
world-wide exposure while R. J.
Reynolds Tobacco International used
the brand name in its co-sponsorship
of the 1982 World Cup Soccer
Championship in Spain, one of the
world's premier sports events.
Twenty-four national teams
competed and fans in six continents
followed the games on television. The
competition's 52 matches were
attended by about 2.5m people.
Sponsorship meant that R. J.
Reynolds could have four billboards
alongside the playing fields at every
game and that the company had
exclusive rights to tobacco sales in
the 17stadiums used.
Left: British Davis Cup team member, John
Feaver, is tournament organiser, and his
wife. Alison, is tournament administrator.
Sea-borne message
Powerboat crews from Italy and
Sweden raced against local crews in
the World Offshore Powerboat
Championships in Britain this year.
Peter Stuy vesant was the name
behind the event in this its maiden
voyage in Britain. The Peter
Stuyvesant brand name was also
used to support the UK Offshore
Boating Association's 1982
programme and to sponsor the Peter
Stuyvesant offshore Class I Team.
Vintage rally
Rothmans, a well-known name in
motor racing, lent its support to a
competitor in this year's Beaujolais
Run, the annual 'race' to get new
season's supplies of this French wine
to England. Christian Wio/and (left), a
Frenchman who manages The Bugle
Horn Inn at Hartwell in Britain, and
navigator Steve Thomas were due to
make the run from the bottling plant
of David and Foillard near Belleville,
40km north of Lyons, to the
Gloucester Hotel in London. Placings
are decided on the least number of
miles travelled, but speed is
important to most of the competitors,
who like to make the 6 am ferry from
Boulogne and be among the first to
arrive at London.
V
Wo rid
Tobacco
69
TI56320071

Changing horses
Showjumping sponsorship under the
Benson and Hedges name has been
transferred from Cardiff to the All
England Jumping Course at
Hickstead; one of the overriding
reasons was the escalating cost of the
Cardiff presentation. Most of the
£40,000 ($73,900) prizemoney for the
Benson and Hedges Championships
at Hickstead goes towards the two
principal events, the Benson and
Hedges Cup and the Benson and
Hedges Nations Cup. The three-year
Hickstead contract started this year
and will include the European
Championships that will be held
during the Benson and Hedges
Championships in July 1983.
National promotion
To launch its new cigarette, Victor, in
Guatemala, the maker came up with a
double-edged promotion that
reflected the sentiments inherent in
the brand name. Tabacalera Nacional
cut a 45rpm record that extolled the
virtues and beauty of the country, to
the tune ofVictor's promotional
theme.
Concerted effort
R. J. Reynolds Industries sought
increased and improved public
awareness of the corporation through
a travelling show that traced the
history of jazz. 'Jazz Is'was performed
during the summer at free concerts in
20 cities throughout the US by
students and graduates of North
Carolina School of the Arts, Winston
Salem. RJR sees this as a unique
promotion — a blend of 'sound
business interests, academic
excellence, cultural enrichment and
promotion ofRJR's home state of
North Carolina'.
Prestigious drive
About 80,000people responded
when R. J. Reynolds Tobacco,
Germany, offered ten test drives in
exotic sports cars as a promotion for
John Player Special cigarettes, which
it sells under an imperial Tobacco
licence. Consumers were able to
apply through advertising leaflets
widely distributed earlier this year.
Ten were chosen, and after drawing
lots for the same number of cars they
set out from Munich on a two-day
journey to Monte Carlo. All the cars, a
BMW, a Ferrari, a Jaguar, a
Lamborghini, two Maseratis, a
Mercedes-Benz, two Porsches and a
Renault were black in colour,
reflecting the distinctive pack styling
of the brand.
Art works
An exhibition now touring the US and
Canada is sponsored by Philip Morris.
'The Work of Edward Ruscha', a
retrospective presentation on this
contemporary, individualistic artist
from Southern California, whose
works are to be found throughout the
US, Canada and Europe, contains 55
paintings, 71 works on paper and the
artist's self-published books. Its yearlong
tour started in San Francisco and
was due to go to the Whitney
Museum of American Art, the
Vancouver Art Gallery, British
Columbia, The San Antonio Museum
of Art, and the Los Angeles County
Museum of Art.
Drumming-up business
Products sporting the Drum handrolling
tobacco logo that were offered
recently in an Australian mailorder
promotional campaign proved so
popular that demand could not be
satisfied. Stuart Alexander, the local
agent of the Douwe Egberts product
and the initiators of the 'Great Value
Gear From Drum' offer, had to reorder
three times from the suppliers.
The offer is being followed up with
another series of goods bearing the
Drum logo — wind-cheaters, hold-alls
and sweat shirts. All the products
were tested for their likely appeal to
Drum smokers and attitudes to logos
were researched. People who paid for
good quality products did not want
huge advertising messages on them,
it was discovered. However, they
were willing to pay a premium for the
Drum logo. Drum has a macho image
that has been exploited under the
'MensmokeOrum'theme, yet20% of
the $700,000 (US$98.000, £56.000)
sales in Drum gear were to women,
something that Stuart Alexander puts
down to a subsequent 'Who said only
men smoked Drum'campaign. Sales
or"Drum gear were not profit-making.
Promoting promotion
Canadian professional theatre will be
given a boostwith the sponsorship by
RJR-Macdonald, under its Vantage
brand name, of a series of
programmes designed to build
awareness and appreciation of the
theatre. The sponsor will co-operate
with the Professional Association of
Canadian Theatres (PACT) during the
next five years and the first stage of
theVantage-PACT programme is an
annual £20,000 (£8,960) contribution
to a PACT-member theatre company,
to recognise excellence in the
development of Canadian theatre.
Image fitting
A Cessna 185 seaplane is one of the
items available for purchase through
a Camel cigarettes direct-response
programme in the US that underlines
the adventurous imagery of the
brand. Outdoor 'Camel Gear" such as
a tough backpack, a waterproof
compass and a leather bomber-jacket
antiqued to look weather-beaten is
being offered in gatefoldadvertisements
in men-oriented magazines
and may be obtained by completing
order forms in the advertisements or
by dialling a toll-free number.
Previously, the brand has been
promoted with the Camel Collection
of men's clothing available through a
direct-response catalogue.
Sporting a logo
A range of leisurewear and
accessories with the John Player
Special logo have gone on sale in
Englandand Scotland through a wellknown
clothing and accessories retail
chain store. Colour-co-ordinated
jackets, trousers, shirts, pullovers,
belts and bags were made available
initially at 50 of the chain's more than
250 stores. Imperial Tobacco
employees and pensioners are able to
buy the items from the range at
discounted prices.
70
World
Tobacco
December 1982

State of the art
Philip Morris is supporting, with a
S3m (£7.7m} grant, a US tour of the
first exhibition of works of art from
the Vatican to travel outside Rome;
the grant is believed to be the largest
corporate donation ever given for an
art exhibition. With more than 200
historic works not shown in the US
before. The Vatican Collections: The
Papacy and Art is expected to attract
millions of visitors. The exhibition will
begin a 12-mopth tour at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, on February 26 next year, and
will also be shown at the Art Institute
of Chicago and the Fine Arts
Museums of San Francisco.
Regular performances
Benson and Hedges is now appearing
on the back of the London Theatre
Guide, a fortnightly publication with a
print run of 90,000 copies. The guide
is distributed through West End
theatres, central London hotels, travel
and ticket agencies, tourist
information centres, major academic
institutions and public libraries in the
south east of England, as well as
having subscribers in other parts of
the country and overseas. It is used by
theatregoers, who include a
considerable number of overseas
visitors.
All downhill
Twenty-five skiers from six countries
were scheduled to make attempts on
the world speed skiing record during
the week-long 1982 Camel International
Speed Skiing Championships
at Silverton, Colorado, in the US.
Sponsorship meantCame\ banners at
the start and finish gates and on Main
Street in Silverton, directional
banners marking the half-mile
course, and brand identification on
skiers' uniforms and on the judges'
station. The event was seen by
ft. J. Reynolds as a step in its quest to
identify new events that fit in with
Camel smokers' interests.
All-American affair
Artists from the Dominican Republic,
Jamaica, Mexico, the US and
Venezuela were due to appear with
local performers at the first annua!
Inter-American Festival of the
Performing Arts in Puerto Rico this
fall, with entertainment including
music, dance, theatre, crafts and
street parades. As sole corporate
sponsor of the event, R. J. Reynolds
Tobacco Co-Puerto Rico, could have
expected repeated recognition in
festival publicity before and during
the event, and advertising for the
company's cigarette brands could
have carried the festival logo. Festival
events were scheduled to be broadcast
live on Puerto Rican television
and radio and some live satellite
television coverage to participating
countries, including the US, was
planned.
Holiday of a lifetime
Smokers who buy 200-cigarette
cartons of Peter Stuyvesant at dutyfree
outlets in Britain are being
offered the chance to win a two-week
holiday at a luxury villa on Spain's
Costa del Sol annually for life. The
two-bedroom villa with its own
swimming pool is in a time-share
holiday accommodation village near
Marbella. Competition entrants are
required to identify five
internationally famous landmarks
and complete a sentence about Peter
Stuyvesant cigarettes. Special
cartons with pictures of a time-share
villa have been designed to make the
brand more conspicuous and to fit in
with the international image of the
brand. Peter Stuyvesant were
launched on the British duty-free
market just over a year ago.
More allure
The accent was unashamedly
glamorous when R. J. Reynolds
created a promotion for More 120s
cigarettes in the US aimed primarily
at female smokers aged between 30
and 49. A nation-wide sweepstake in
support of the brand offered a luxury
car, designer fashions and a
spectacular party as the grand prize;
and the winner was to be offered a
choice in each of the three categories,
such choice reflecting 'the
independent and highly visible nature
of the More 120s smoker'. The grand
prize winner was to be allowed to
choose between a Jaguar XJS, a
Porsche 924 and a Cadillac Seville;
designer fashions from Oscar de la
Renta, Yves St Laurent and Ralph
Lauren; and a black tie and tent party
for 50 guests. Five first prize winners
were to choose designer fashions and
a party.
Brand education
A vocabulary book was given away
with cartons of Merit and Merit Ultra
Light cigarettes in the US earlier this
year. Entitled, Merit Presents: The
'Must' Words, the 256-page
paperback was attached to cartons
and featured in special store displays.
It contains definitions, pronunciation
keys and sample sentences showing
how properly to use the book's 6,000
words that, according to the
introduction, include those
essential for understanding and
co mm unicating.
Sporting service
Marlboro will be the name behind thenewly-combinedmen's
andwomen's
Australian Open Tennis Championships
following the finalisation of a
Philip Morris sponsorship deal worth
about$1m (US$980,000, £561,000)-
the biggest-ever tennis sponsorship
deal in Australia. Previously, Philip
Morris provided $350,000
(US$343,000, £196,000) of sponsorship
for the men's tournament. The
merger of the two championships will
help to cement the Australian event
into the grand slam circuit, alongside
the French, US and Wimbledon
opens.
British sweepstake
Two cars in the black and gold livery
o/John Player Special King Size
cigarettes are the top prizes in a
promotional sweepstake in Britain.
One hundred hi-fi systemswill also be
won in the free competition, in which
smokers have only to complete their
names and addresses on special
forms being supplied through 40,000
stockists, and post them before the
closing date. A competition for
traders is being run concurrently,
with identical cars as the top prizes
and 75 hi-fi systems as consolation
prizes.
December 1982
World
Tobl ceo
71
TI56320073

VIEW
FROm
THE TOP
LEADERS' symposium
The words 'Made in USA', printed
prominently on export packs of US
cigarettes, are supposed to be a major
reason why they sell well in international
markets. So is there an
argument for other countries to give
similar prominence to the country of
manufacture on their export cigarettes?
Would the legends 'Made in
Britain', 'Made in Germany', 'Made in
India' have the same impact, in your
view?
World Tobacco put this question to
a group of leaders of the tobacco
industry in three continents. In reply,
they say—
K. K. PJLLAI
CHAIRMAN, VAZ1R
SULTAN TOBACCO CO
HYDERABAD, INDIA
The issue can be examined at
several levels but the two
fundamental ones that have to
be reconciled are honesty in
presentation and strengthening
of sales appeal.
My belief is that honesty in
presentation should determine
the question. If this is backed up
by a good product which eventually
creates international
acceptance, neither the manufacturer
nor the country have
anything to lose; on the
contrary, they both have everything
to gain in the long term.
The Japanese example is selfevident.
What is questionable is the
practice of some manufacturers
who show two or more international
addresses and try to
create the impression that
product quality does not vary
with the country of origin.
Quality often varies between
two plants in the same country,
let alone plants in two different
countries. Even if manufacturers
do not admit this, consumers
soon find out.
Origins create expectations. It is
for manufacturers to create
more favourable expectations
by actual product performance,
and not by concealing or
cloaking origins.
WERNER FINK
INTERNATIONAL SALES
DIRECTOR
RINS0Z&0RMOND
VEVEY, SWITZERLAND
I do not think that mention of
the country of origin on the
cigarette packet is in itself a
guarantor of success.
In my opinion, the success of
American cigarettes in the international
markets, anyway
limited to only some brands, is
due to three factors. The first is
that those brands are, in the first
place, well established and
successful in the American
market, which is the largest
cigarette market in the world. In
fact, only those few best-selling
brands in the United States
have become really international,
and this is due to the
considerable means at the
disposal of their manufacturers
for investment and promotion
of their products abroad.
The second factor is American
marketing policy whose main
principle ts to butJd up. as far as
possible, in the consuming
countries, such structures of
production and/or commercialisation
as will put the American
firms on an equal footing with
local firms.
The third factor is that the
Americans are great travellers.
Their habitual attachment to
their usual brands creates
strong demand for these
American products around the
world. This demand is reinforced
by all the publications,
magazines, films, television
serials and other means of
publicity dispersed widely
around the world, which
directly or indirectly influence
potential consumers.
To sum up, it is this ensemble of
different factors and not the
indication of origin, that is the
basis of the success that some
of the American brands enjoy.
BRIAN CLOKE
MANAGING DIRECTOR
IMPERIAL TOBACCO
INTERNATIONAL
BRISTOL, ENGLAND
I don't know how 'major' the
value of 'made in...' pack markings
is, but our view is that
'Made in USA' has a marketing
value. We feel the same way
about 'Made in England' and
indeed are following a policy
of so marking our exported
brands.
Whether 'made in .. .' marking
is valuable regardless of country
of origin, I would very much
doubt and, in some cases, I feel
it could be counter-productive.
It may well be that the USA and
England are exceptional because
of the long tradition held
by these two countries as
suppliers of quality manufactured
tobacco products.
JOSE A LEON
VICE-PRESIDENT,
MARKETING
E.LEONJIMENES
SANTIAGO,
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Although it is true that there is a
marked preference for imported
goods on the part of the
consumer, it is also true that the
degree of preference varies in
accordance with the image of
the exporting country. Thus, in
the world of ladies' fashion, it is
France that enjoys greatest
prestige; likewise, Germany is
famous for its cars and industrial
machinery. Now then,
as far as tradition in the field of
cigarette manufacturing is
concerned, the United States -
TI56320074

On the other hand, what seems
to me critical is the hint or
implication about where the
This does not exclude the exploitation,
in certain cases, of
the national characteristics of a
product. For example, it is well
known around the world that
brands like Gitanes or Gau/oises
are French and there is absolutely
no need to recall the fact
by means of some sort of 'Made
in France' phrase. It is the knowhow
of making brown-tobacco
cigarettes that gets recognition
and that, suitably promoted,
is enough to ensure their
progress.
D. K. PODDAR
MANAGING DIRECTOR
GOLDEN TOBACCO CO
BOMBAY, INDIA
Smokers are very conscious of
the 'country of origin' of cigarettes.
'Made in USA' or 'Made in
Britain' carry a special premium
image in the consumer's mind.
In fact, cigarettes with the same
brand names but manufactured
in a less well-known country
create resistance from the
smokers.
I feel that the country of origin,
particularly of western image, is
very important for many for
almost all consumer items.
DOUTELJORDAO
FOREIGN MARKETING
MANAGER
TABAQUEIRA
LISBON, PORTUGAL
Regarding the products made
Francis Eyraud Brian Cloke
Jose A. Leon
by our firm, we do not benefit
without any doubt whatsoever conception of a product originates
rather than about its actual 'Made in Portugal'; we have
by writing on them the words
- enjoys a place of honour.
Therefore, when the words place of production. So, the fact never done it before and do not
'Made in USA' are printed on that a brand is perceived to be intend doing it, for we think this
the packets of export cigarettes, 'American' or 'English' (or, in will not improve the image of
they enjoy great preference. the past, 'Turkish' in regard to our products. On the contrary,
Consequently, it is our opinion cigarettes made with oriental we make frequent use of other
that cigarettes manufactured in tobacco) is a powerful trumpcard,
although that alone is not 'American Blend Cigarettes', to
types of designations, such as
other countries would not have
the same impact through enough in the absence of try to give our products an
simpleindicationoftheirorigin. publicity and promotional international image that they
support for the brand; after all, lack.
FRANCIS EYRAUD
some authentically American
WINTER J. R. V. ROSE
brands have not got into certain
DIRECTEUR GENERAL
markets...
MARKETING DIRECTOR
SEITA
The more general concept of SOUZA CRUZ
PARIS, FRANCE
the 'international' brand seems RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
I do not think that explicit to me to be among the most The country of origin of an
mention of where a packet of powerful formulae for success. export cigarette brand is surely
cigarettes is made is, in itself, It is in this spirit that SEITA and an important influence on many
the reason for the success of a other monopolies have developed
the Champagne cigarette. would have thought that this
consumers all over the world. I
brand.
Economic and political considerations
Having created an identity for a factor, however, is most relenational
lead the multi­
brand, it is then the job of vant for well-known brands
businesses to make marketing to promote the whose origins are in countries
more and more of their cigarettes
in the countries to which
they wish to sell, and this simple
fact works against a policy of
strengths that one has chosen
to give to a brand, through its
packaging, its blend, its publicity
and so on, while leaning as
with an established heritage for
cigarette exports, such as the
US or England. In such cases,
the prominent signalling on the
proclaiming directly the far as one can on its international
pack of the country of manu­
product origin, save in certain
radiance.
facture undoubtedly serves as a
countries which prefer a
strong reassurance of quality
foreign-made cigarette because
and genuineness.
it is supposed to be of superior
quality.
This probably does not hold as
true for lesser-known brands
originating from countries with
a shorter history of cigarette
exports. Such brands tend to
have more limited appeal
among smaller publics, who
have some personal link with
the exporting country, or who
are starved of appealing local
brand options. Here a prominent
clause highlighting the
source may be less relevant,
although its omission would
arguably be inadvisable (and
often illegal).
In conclusion, I would say once
you have built up your reputation,
you can capitalize on it.
The problem is, how to develop
that reputation in the first place.
LUCIANO MANCINI
EXPORT DIRECTOR
MONOPOLI Dl STATO
ROME, ITALY
I consider that indicating on a
pack or on a tax stamp the name
of the country where cigarettes
have been made can have a
positive effect. In the international
field, the affirmation in
that inscription is not merely a
geographical indicator, but
becomes something distinctive
in itself, in identifying a country
that is in the van of research into
the organoleptic characteristics
of the product — particularly
those characteristics relating to
the safety and the quality of the
tobacco, which are always most
sought after by the consumer.
In that case, an inscription
indicating the country of origin
of a product constitutes part of
the guarantee to the consumer.
HEINZ H. SCHIENDL
GENERAL SALES AND
EXPORT MANAGER
AUSTRIA TABAKWERKE
GMBH
MUNICH, GERMAN
FEDERAL REPUBLIC
In my opinion, the statement
'made in USA' has without
doubt a much higher value and
conveys much more to the
smoker than any other indication
of country of origin.
I believe that as soon as the
smoker reads 'made in USA' on
the cigarette packet, he associates
the content with a certain
type of cigarette, namely the
'American blend' which is
manufactured from original
North American Burley and
Virginia tobacco, has the taste
of that particular blend and is
manufactured according to the
latest techniques.
The designation of country
of origin is, for the smoker.
Continued on next page
TI56320075

UIEUI
FROm
THE TOP
synonymous with a type of
cigarette; 'made in Britain'
conveys the idea of a Virginia
type, which has not found such
world-wide acceptance as the
American blend.
The inscription 'made in
Germany' generally designates
high quality; nevertheless - as
there is no indication of a classical
tobacco-growing country—it
is not associated with a particular
kind of cigarette.
'Made in India' means very
little, as the country has not
made any great impact on the
international market for cigarettes.
After the war 'made in USA'
was associated in Europe with
technical progress, innovation
and development and these
images were used by the leading
cigarette manufacturers in
their advertising campaigns
and penetrated the market on a
world-wide scale. Therefore
'made in USA' not only makes a
rational statement of origin; it
also raises the concept to a level
which - without trying to be
detrimental to other products -
is unlikely to be attained by the
declaration of any other country
of manufacture.
CONTINUED . . .
from previa us page
P. J. GILPIN
S. A. Samad
MANAGING DIRECTOR
TOBACCO EXPORTERS
INTERNATIONAL
AYLESBURY, ENGLAND
For some considerable time,
our company has stated the
country of origin on our exports
to many of our overseas
markets. I believe it to be a vital
selling point for the company's
products, particularly in the
Arab and African markets, as it
is one method by which we can
assure our consumers that they
have purchased the genuine
article.
We also emphasize this
message in the advertising and
promotional support for our
international brands, as extensive
research has established
that this is a very positive selling
point.
Finally, as a major exporting
company in the United Kingdom,
we should, I believe, be
seen to be exploiting our technological
advances in the
industry, and as such should let
our consumers know they are
purchasing a product manufactured
to the highest British
standard.
S. A. SAMAD
R HEW Gas-Trap material for Filtration
kk
'W
FERRO TANNATE
• Superb Adsorbability 1 FG"511
• A Synergistic Effect with Charcoal
• Elimination of Unpleasant Smell
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
PREMIER TOBACCO
INDUSTRIES
KARACHI, PAKISTAN
The legends 'Made in USA' or
'Made in UK' on export packs of
cigarettes are considered to
symbolise good quality and
fame, particularly in the Third
World countries.
The words carried on cigaret!-.
packs of other countries, however,
do not carry the same
weight of quality and fame,
though some of the European
countries' brands follow the
USA and the UK closely.
In the case of USA brands, the
words 'Made in USA' have an
edge over the United Kingdom
for the reason that American
tobacco is the most well known
all over the world and also
because extensive publicity for
US brands is carried in world
media, particularly newspapers
and magazines. This has created
a tremendous impact on sales,
of cigarettes whose packs carry
the words 'Made in USA'; this,
however, is true only in the case
of cigarettes, and may not
necessarily be true in the case
of other products,
I therefore think that the words
'Made in USA' printed prominently
on export packs of US
cigarettes are a major reason
why they sell well in international
markets, particularly
Third World countries, and the
words 'Made in Britain' will
follow more closely the USA;
next to them may follow some
of the European countries.
Manufactured by
Denka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Kawasaki. Japan
Distributed by
CHUGAl BOYEKI CO., LTD. SSr.Tueiv^SS" T«lM - *'— 24137 Chu ** tUCKV u ' **»•"••*-"
J
Nw» : WM 544-M5S
74 World Ta baceo December 1982
TI56320076

BOOKSHELF
A comprehensive glossary to help
French-speaking tobacco workers
Vocabulaire technique du tabac,
by the Conseil international de
la langue francaise (Hachette,
Paris, Fr95.00).
Because the only good tobacco
glossaries in French have previously
been in private possession, the
scholarly yet practical Vocabularie
technique du tabac must be welcomed.
It provides more than 240
large-type pages of detailed definitions
of technical terms used in
tobacco agriculture, research, leaf
processing, manufacture and labora- t
tory work, with plentiful crossreferences
to near-synonyms and
practical examples which help to
explain the industry's jargon and
terminology. Particularly helpful to
the non-expert will be the attention
given to the special senses in which
the industry uses or misuses a lot of
expressions that have other meanings
in non-specialised usage. Most
terms in the Vocabulaire also have
their equivalents in English and
German.
The main list is supplemented by
various specific vocabularies such as
a list of types and functions of agricultural
chemicals and (a nearhopeless
task) definitions of terms
used to describe cigars. One supplementary
list is courageous: for a
number of terms which the francophone
tobacco world usually leaves
in English, in literature and conversation
{e.g. loose leaf, scrap, hinge-lid
packing), it suggests French equivalents;
one can understand the interest
in debugging the language of its
franglais, but purists should be
warned that replacing the familiar by
the little-known can lessen, rather
than improve, understanding.
The back of the book has English-
French and German-Frenchword lists
of help for study of non-French texts,
but too simplified to be valuable as a
translation dictionary without a lot of
reference back to the main list.
It is easy, but petty, to judge a
vocabulary harshly because a few
terms are not there (though it is
curious that a work strong of agricultural
terminology in France has no
term for 'air-curing'). Broadly, the
work adequately covers most of the
terms used in the manufacturing and
leaf processing parts of the industry,
notwithstanding the richness of the
agricultural end of the business in
jargon and in-words. The Vocabulaire's
breadth was assured through
the Centre international de la langue
francaise working closely with
CORESTA on this project, and having
a diversity of talents on its 20-strong
French, Swiss and Belgian editorial
board, with specific help from
another dozen experts in France,
Switzerland, Germany, Canada and
Austria. The result is a compilation
which will do much to help greater
precision of expression in an industry
whose terminology sometimes lacks
exactitude.
If another edition is in mind, the
help of an American consultant might
be considered. The book is sound on
the numerous tobacco-industry terms
that derive from English-English, but
overlooks several frequently-encountered
terms where American-
English is different (for example, kiln
for barn, nursery for seedbed etc).
Economic theory of
cigarette taxation
The Structure of Tobacco Taxes
in the European Community,
by J. A. Kay and M. J. Keen
(Institute for Fiscal Studies,
London, £5.00).
As any reader of this journal will
impatiently be aware, the European
Communities Commission and the
relevant committee of the European
Parliament cannot agree on the next
stage of cigarette tax harmonisation
in the EEC. The debate, confined to
tax structure rather than rates, is
about how much of the total tax
should be specific and how much ad
valorem, given that the tax has to be a
combination of the two.
There seems to have been a good
deal of woolly thinking about the
market and revenue consequences of
favouring one form of taxation rather
than the other in the total tax mix. So
it is timely to have an authoritative,
independent, academic study of the
subject, such as the 44-page document
now published by the Institute
for Fiscal Studies.
Inevitably, rigorous analysis of the
economic issues involved in this
deeply intricate subject carries the
non-expert into some pretty opaque
levels of economic theory. This booklet
is not for the executive who is put
off by mathematical formulae. He
may be content to know that economists
close to the subject find it
convincing.
Showing that the role of specific
taxation is to raise revenue while the
role of ad valorem taxation is to
influence market structure and conduct,
the authors cannot find justification
(as thinkers in France and Italy
do) for wanting the proportional element
to dominate the final harmonised
tax formula. They demonstrate
that it is the ad valorem component in
taxation that determines the quality
and variety of products marketed and
they question whether the formula
proposed for the final stage of
harmonisation would indeed make
the various national markets of the
EEC as nearly similar as possible in
this respect - a question of critical
importance to the competitive strategies
of manufacturers outside their
home markets, and even within them.
At just one point the authors doubtless
please the manufacturers who
helped with a grant, while seeming
not to see the wood for the trees. They
find the EEC Commission's arguments
defective for not explaining the
objectives or benefits of the harmonisation
being pursued. Harmonisation
of taxation to create the single market
envisaged in the Treaty of Rome is
not simply a Good Thing (capital G,
capital T) of itself; it would be essential
if any common market were to have
operational reality. Surely this does
not need to be spelt out.
Advertising from an
age of innocence
Pipe Dreams, edited by Mike
Dempsey (Pelham Books,
£6.95).
Acceptance of the cigarette in
countries whose smoking habits
others have since followed is widely
held to be due to tobacco manufacturers
having been up ahead
among pioneers in mass-marketing
of branded goods. Advertising and
other forms of printed promotional
material were key tools in the years
that fashioned most of today's con-
December 1962 World Tobacco 75
TI56320077

ceptions of tobacco-product marketing-the
late 1800s to about 1945.
Pipe Dreams is a beautiful piece of
social history from a country which
has been influential, by example, in
moving the tobacco industry from
production-orientation to marketingfixation.
Its more than 100 reproductions
of outstanding designs for
showcards, posters, press advertising
and packaging over six decades
by the Wills, Player's and Ogden's
branches of Imperial Tobacco comprise
a collection of immense vitality,
which celebrates a unique art form.
No previous collection of early
tobacco advertising matches it for
colourfulness and imagination. The
work is from the hands of many wellknown
artists of the day, who depicted
Red Indians, near-caricature
situations, the more humble social
classes (almost never illustrated
today), those much-favoured themes
of sailors and the sea, as well as natty
sporting gentlemen at >play and
patriotic themes. By the first days of
this century, pretty girls were also
enlisted for cigarette showcards,
despite (or perhaps because of) the
then male dominance of the market.
This charming publication (despite
its title, it is not about pipes nor
particularly about pipe tobacco), can
be more than just nostalgic or
tantalizing to today's marketing
people, beset with bans and prohibitions
on what their tobacco-products
messages may project. It can remind
the old or show the young how
uncynical artwork of high distinction
can communicate an innocence that
today's sophisticated blandness has
outflanked, without excelling. If only
there were a little more of this
Arcadian unself-consciousness in the
industry's messages today!
Situation report on
legislative attacks
Legislative action to combat the
world smoking epidemic, by
R Roemer (World Health
Organisation, SwFr17.00).
National tobacco industries concerned
with self-defence (and which
is not?) will find a new WHO publication
of use in two ways. Professor
Ruth Roemer of the University of
California provides an up-date record
of the state of legislation restraining
the activities of tobacco enterprises
around the world, alongside a survey
of more general anti-smoking legislation.
She also examines in great detail
the philosophies, strategies and
tactics of governments and other
official bodies in that field. Given the
implication that the activities of
countries considered to be trendsetters
might be copied in the action
programmes of countries slower to
attack the tobacco industry, this
compilation could warn the alert
reader of what may be in store for
industries not yet under heavy attack.
Numerous topics discussed include
the voluntary self-restraints that have
been accepted by the tobacco industry
in countries which prefer
persuasion to outright bans. (The
author, who is not, of course, neutral
on the smoking and health issue,
prefers legislation, for its patent
element of commitment).
Any dismay that might be felt over
the rigorous and methodical way in
which more than 54 countries are
hounding the tobacco industry might
be modified by reflecting on one
question that the author only touches
upon. An enormous volume of 'do'
and 'don't' ordinances now snap at
the heels of the world's smokers and
manufacturers. That adds up to
hundreds of new laws that somebody
has to have the time and inclination to
enforce. In an increasingly lawless
world, is there enough enforcement
enthusiasm for all these new crimescrimes
that cannot be ranked as more
than trivial on any scale of iniquity?
Professor Roemer ducks an answer,
but one may suspect the true response
is 'No' - notably in some lowconsumption
countries which seem
to use anti-tobacco laws largely to
establish a cost-free posture that
looks modern, concerned and
morally righteous.
A French-language version of this
work is in preparation.
76 World Tobacco December 7362

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T156320080

TOP PRIORITY FOR EXPORTS
AFTER ONTARIO FROST
Self-restraint by domestic manufacturers and a fortunately large carry-over from last
season will enable Canada to keep flue-cured exports up, despite grave leaf losses in the
worst frost since 1940, writes TOM BUTTON from Ontario.
Canada's leaf exporters, manufacturers
and foreign customers are only
now getting over the shock of the
brutal and most unseasonable frost
that struck hard at Canada's fluecured
tobacco crops during the early
hours of August 29. By sunrise, an
estimated 80m lb (36m kg) of prime
tip and leaf tobacco was frostbitten
and, to all intents and purposes, lost.
— Hopes for one of the largest
Canadian flue-cured crops in history
were dashed. Of Ontario's 2,450
insured growers, 2,300 filed damage
claims with the government insurance
commission. Fully one-third of
the 1982 crop would not even be
harvested.
But amid the confusion that accompanies
such calamities, one of
the first clear messages to be heard
was that from the Canadian Tobacco
Manufacturers' Council and the
Ontario Flue-cured Growers' Marketing
Board. It played down the losses
and emphasised that leaf would be
available for export. Commitments
would be met.
BITTER EXPERIENCE
Ironically, it seems almost fortunate
that the country had suffered
the blue mould outbreak of 1979. During
that year, when approximately
70m lb (32m kg) were lost to the
disease, the industry had been forced
to learn how to maintain good export
relations during years of severe crop
shortfalls. This experience is now
being drawn on for the marketing of
the 1982 crop.
The frost was only the second widespread
August frost to descend upon
Ontario tobacco farms since fluecured
production began in the 1920s.
(That other frost struck in 1940.)
Tobacco in most production areas is
normally safe until late September or
early October.
This year's frost was brutal indeed,
settling in just after midnight and
lasting until after sunrise. Temperatures
in many fields dropped as low
as 27°F (-3°C). It was so cold that
even those growers who hired airplanes
and helicopters to stir the air
near the ground lost their crops.
According to government meteorologists,
the frost can only be
described as a freak occurrence. With
After the frost, growers hired crews to
walk through the tobacco fields in order to
salvage as much as possible of the tip and
body leaves.
so few August frosts on record, it is
virtually impossible to state reliably
the odds of August frosts affecting
future crops, except to generalize that
those odds are very slight.
Still, if the frost had to strike
Canadian crops in any year, it may
have done the industry a service by
choosing 1982, for a number of
reasons.
During negotiations in the spring of
1982, the trade counterbalanced its
price offers to Ontario growers with a
willingness to accept a larger crop,
approximately 9% above the 1982
Canada's
LEAF
EXPORTS
level. The trade hoped to find export
buyers forthe additional 18m lb (8.2m
kg). Domestic demand of Canadian
tobacco, at approximately 156m lb
(71m kg) per year, is relatively stable,
growing at just 2% annually. Most of
this is supplied from Ontario, but
Quebec and Atlantic Canada growers
collectively produce about 20m lb
(9.1m kg).
The trade hoped to be in a position
to increase exports, and now, while it
may not be able to expand overseas
sales because of the frost, at least
dealers are in a better position than
they would have been, had they not
been expansion-minded when they
set the target weight for the 1982
crop.
The timing of the frost was also
fortunate in that Ontario growers
produced much more in 1981 than
their Marketing Board had agreed
with the trade to produce. Negotiators
each spring set the maximum
level of tobacco that the trade agrees
to buy from Ontario growers. In 1981,
that level was 220m lb (100m kg), but
growers unexpectedly produced approximately
250m lb (114m kg),
thereby creating a surplus of about
30m lb (13.6m kg).
As a result, many growers had to
Telephone: 519-842-8797 Talax: 084-735B9 Delta Tlan Cables; "Deltab"
Delta Leaf Tobacco Company Ltd.
P.O. Box 125 - SO Brock St. E.
TILLSONBURG, ONTARIO, CANADA N4G 4H3
Indpendentsuppliers and exporters of Canadian Virginia Leaf and Strips
Specializing in custom buying and packing with experienced personalized supervision.
DonaidB.Watas'Vice-President J*sa« F. Gray'President K. C. Ema*»oiv5ecre»a*"Y-Treasurer
December 1962 World Tobacco
T156320081

THE CANADIAN INDUSTRY, PRODUCERS AND MANUFACTURERS HAVE
JUST FINISHED A SURVEY CONFIRMING 160 MILLION POUNDS OF GOOD
QUALITY FLUE-CURED TOBACCO WILL BE BROUGHT TO MARKET THIS YEAR
IT IS WITH PRIDE THAT THE ONTARIO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO GROWERS,'
MARKETING BOARD CELEBRATE THEIR 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF MARKETING
FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN THE MOST MODERN, UNIFORMLY LIGHTED
WAREHOUSES IN THE WORLD AND ARE PLEASED THAT DURING THIS PERIOD
CANADIAN EXPORT HAS EXPANDED TO OVER 50 COUNTRIES
The Ontario
Flue-Cured Tobacco
Growers' Marketing Board
TILLSONBURG, ONTARIO, CANADA
Cable Address: Flumart Telex: 064-73578 Telephone: 519 842-3661
J.A. Leathong, Secretary
J.A. Leathong, Secretary
GEORGE DEMEYERE, CHAIRMAN
George Derrveyere, Chairman
TI56320082

store above-quota tobacco on their
farms, waiting for the 1982 auctions
to give them a chance to sell their
excess leaf. At the time, of course, few
were pleased with the turn of events.
But in the long run, this tobacco has
helped growers, the trade, and export
buyers alike.
A LUCKY BREAK
Because of the surplus from 1981,
growers had actually planned to
harvest only 208m lb (94.5m kg) this
year to meet the 238m lb (108m kg)
Ontario target. Approximately 38% of
the 208m lb was lost. If growers had
had to plant enough to grow from
scratch what the market needed, the
first loss would have been higherthan
it was. So last year's over-production
was a happy accident.
In addition, this surplus has proved
valuable because of its high quality.
'From our first and second pullings,
we have virtually a full crop of
tobacco from 1982/ the Marketing
Board chairman, Mr George Demeyere,
explains. 'When you move
progressively up the stalk, however,
that's where you come across less
and less 1982 tobacco. Those leaves
were still maturing when the frost hit.
'But,' he added, 'it now seems very
fortunate that we have somewhere
between 25m and 30m lb of tobacco,
most of it of very good quality from
upper pullings, left over from 1981.'
The presence of this upper-stalk
leaf in the carry-over tobacco is giving
great help to companies trying to
maintain good export relations, says
Mr Cy Bossy, Imperial Leaf Tobacco
vice-president in charge of leaf
operations.
'Forthe last several years, there has
been a tendency for more and more
export tobacco to come from the top
half of the plant,' Mr Bossy recalls. 'If
we did not have this carry-over, and if
we had lost most of our upper-stalk
leaf, then we would be having greater
difficulty exporting.'
As matters stand, however, supplies
of high-quality leaf may be
tight, Mr Bossy adds. 'We can only
guess how much will be exported, but
I think there will be a tendency for a
g reater portion of exports this year to
be made from lower leaves. The shift
probably will not have to be very
striking, however.'
Still, the simple arithmetic of the
frost damage remains. Canada's
domestic needs are estimated at
156m lb (71m kg) per year, and
Ontario supplies 87% of this. Since
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN«PAGES»PAGINAS
33-36
only about 160m lb {73m kg) will likely
be marketed from Ontario's 1982
crops, that should leave only about
24m lb (11m kg) for export to markets
which in past years have taken
between three and four times as
much.
PULLING TOGETHER
But the trade has acted with a
unified resolve to offset this simple
arithmetic, as the Canadian Tobacco
Manufacturers' Council executive
secretary, Mr Christopher Seymour,
explains. 'Everybody is cutting back,
and that includes domestic buyers,'
Mr Seymour says. This is freeing
tobacco for export, and instead of
having only 24m lb (11m kg) to
export, the Canadian industry hopes
to export approximately 55m lb (25m
kg) from 1982marketings.
That larger figure is made possible
by co-operation among domestic
manufacturers, who are trimming
their purchases for the domestic
market by nearly a quarter. To keep
the decreased purchase program
realist'c, manufacturers are running
down existing stocks, just as they did
following the blue mould disaster of
1979.
'There is a great deal of co-operation,'
Mr Seymour says. 'Because the
domestic buyers have to agree in
writing to buy the whole crop from
growers, they have to be interested in
Simcoe Leaf
Tobacco Company Limited
Buyers, Packers, Exporters of Canadian
Flue-Cured and Burley Tobaccos
Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4L1
Canada
Phone: 519/426-2201
Cable: 'Simcoeleaf'
Telex No.: 061-81169
Simcoleai
December 1$82 World To b a ceo 81
TJ56320083

the total market,' he explains. 'Having
to sit down and negotiate as a consolidated
group with the growers is
obviously going to produce a measure
of co-operation and unanimity of
action.
'There can be a lot of competition
for tobacco on the auction floors, but
when something happens to affect
the industry as a whole, then everybody
pulls together.'
To help free tobacco for export,
manufacturers may also use a technique
first tried in 1979 following the
blue mould-related shortfall. The
trade at that time applied for, and
received, a remission of tariff to
permit the duty-free import of 10m lb
(4.5m kg) from the United States.
The grade mix of
the tobacco now
going through
Ontario's
processing
facilities has been
much improved by
carry-overleaf
from the 1981 crop
being blended in
with the 1982
marketings.
'This has been discussed this year,
and it is certainly not beyond the
realm of possibility,' Mr Seymour
says. 'The government does not like
to benefit financially from a disaster,
so a remission may be granted if it is
asked for.'
But perhaps the single most important
tool the Canadian tobacco
industry is using to preserve export
markets in the wake of the frost is one
that it has built up over a number of
years. That is good customer relations.
'When something like this happens,
you do what you can to export as
much as possible, and then you hope
and pray that your customers see
enough advantages in dealing with
you that they come back the next
year/Mr Seymourdeclares.'If you go
back to the blue mould crop year, you
will see that our overseas buyers
certainly came back the following
year.'
The high quality and cleanliness of
Canadian tobacco, combined with the
country's stable political situation
give advantages which make the product
inherently attractive to world
buyers. The standing of the Canadian
dollar at approximately Can$0.80=
US$1.00 serves to enhance this
attractiveness greatly. And within the
country, there is the important
recognition that exports are essential
to the health of the domestic tobacco
industry.
EXPORTS VITAL
'Export is the single most important
factor in ensuring we do grow a large,
high quality crop,' Mr Seymour
observes. 'Itwould bedifficultto have
a tobacco industry here just to serve
domestic needs, because there would
be problems with grade balance and
the efficiency of growers producing
smaller crops.
'We have had a couple of very hard
knocks in close succession, but we
hope to export in such a way as to
satisfy much of our customers' needs
this year and return to normal next
year/ he adds.
IsyB- MACDONALD INC.
Leaf Division
Buyers and Processors of Leaf Tobacco
for Domestic and Export use
P.O. Box 310, Tillsonburg, Ontario N4G 4H8, Canada.
Telex No: 064-73544 Telephone: 519-842-8424
Canadian Leaf Tobacco Co Ltd
LEAF TOBACCO MERCHANTS
P.O. Box 280
Simcoe
Ontario N3Y 4LI
Canada
Telex: 061.81169
Telephone: 519 426 5288
82 World Tobacco December 1982
TI56320084

INDIA
BURLEY FOR AMERICA
Merchants are interested in the way
that the United States has lately been
figuring in leaf export statistics and
are wondering whether this trade
could develop into something big; it
is at present small, though rising. In
1981-82, 869,000kg (1.9m lb) of tobacco
of various kinds was exported
to the US, a little more in weight than
in the previous export year and substantially
more in value. About half
the total export is Burley, WBR grade,
at a unit value for the most recent
period on official record of Rs24.30
per kg ($1.17, 69p per lb), for
311,000kg (0.68m lb).
Other types of tobacco going to the
US from India in significant quantities
are sun-cured natu and sun-cured
Virginia, useful ingredients in
chewing tobacco mixtures.
One reason for development of
trade which India had scarcely
thought possible (as the US is itself
such a big tobacco producer) is
supposed to be the operations of the
US-headquartered international leaf
merchant houses that moved into
India relatively recently. These 'multinationals'
tend to be much maligned
in India; but if their 'reach' is able to
broaden the country's export horizons,
their role in India's leaf export trade
should be re-assessed by their critics.
• Indian exporters may be tempted to
read special significance into the size
and weight of an eight-man tobacco
delegation from Western Europe,
which made a ten-day tour of parts of
the country, in view of the strong
German element in the party. The
Federal Republic is one of the few
major importers of flue-cured which
Indian leaf has not to any degree
penetrated, although Germany has
been interested in Indian tobacco, at a
distance, for years. The party saw the
work of the Central Tobacco Research
Institute and of ILTD at both Rajahmundry
and Hunsur, in Karnataka; it
had meetings and discussions with
the Indian Tobacco Association and
individual merchant houses; ittoured
factories, had talks with government
officials and took part in a seminar in
Bangalore on production of export
tobacco. Members were able to
communicate much that was helpful
to India on the quality and style of
tobacco preferred by the German
Federal Republic and other parts of
the European Community, and on
what India should do to produce leaf
of the desired characteristics. In general,
German experts felt that tobacco
from the transitional zone of Karnataka
would interest German manufacturers
more than other Indian Virginia
growths.
A trade team plans to follow-up this
exploratory visit to discuss business
possibilities with Indian exporters.
TURKEY
A LITTLE DEARER
The export prices for 1981-crop
Turkish leaf, published in mid-
October, show increases over the
previous year of 2% to 6%. By some
standards, these rises are modest, but
they have provoked comment,
particularly with regard to the
increases of US10c per kg for Izmir 'B'
grade and 20c for Samsun American
grade.
Before treating these in detail it
should be mentioned that the authorities,
pursuing their anti-inflation
policy, would have preferred to keep
prices at a lower level, but the precipitate
action of the Izmir merchants last
year, promising prices well over the
Monopoly's limits, some months
before these limits could be known,
rather forced their hand.
The increase in the Izmir 'B' grade
price is considered ill-advised in view
of three factors. First is the Monopoly's
considerable stocks of this
grade from earlier crops. Second is
the fear that some of the 1981 crop
will remain unsold in the coming
season, both with the merchants and
the Monopoly; and, thirdly, the mixed
Appraising samples of new-crop Virginia tobacco at the factory of Polisetty
Somasundaram at Kattenalalwadiin Karnataka, in company /left) of an executive of that
company are (from the left) Dr Harald Koenig, secretary general of the Verband der
Zigarettenindustrie of Germany (with pipe); Mr Gustav H. Rasch, the Bremen leaf
merchant; Mr £ Koch, leaf department executive of Philip Morris Gmbh of Munich; and
Mr P. Ingersen, director of the Dibrell-linked Amsterdam leaf business, TEIC. Others in the
party were Graf von Hohenthal of the leaf department of Reemtsma; Mr Gerhard Lutz of
the leaf department ofBA T, Hamburg; Mr Frank Mottulla, managing director of Fritz Otto
Lorje, the Bremen-international leaf merchants; Mr Richard Lewartowski of the EEC
Commission; and DrM. Sakthivel of the India Trade Centre in Bruxells.
December 1982 World Tobacco S3
T156320085

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S4 World Tobacco December '9&:
I
TI56320086

LEAFLANDS NEWS
quality of the 1982 crop just
harvested, pointing to a bigger
proportion of middle and low grades
coming on the market next year. Also
important is that, for some purposes,
a manufacturer could use certain
types from Greece which are
expected to be offered this year
below the $3.45 asked for Izmir 'B'
grade. It is also claimed that the price
difference between Izmir '8' grade
and American grade is not enough to
balance the difference in value to the
user.
The increase of 20c per kg in the
price of Samsun American grade is
considered unjustified (by the cost)
and unfortunate, coming, as it does,
when foreign buyers were returning
to using it, after neglecting this type
for some seven or eight years on
account of its high cost. Here, too,
Greece has a surrogate, which is
expected to sell this year at less than
$4.00 per kg or $1.00 per kg less than
original Samsun leaf.
The increase in price of Izmir
American grade, proportionately
more than in other grades, is reluctantly
accepted. All merchants'
holdings, however, will be sold and
interest has already been shown in
sizeable quantities of the 1981 crop
Izmir American grade prepared by the
Monopoly.
Latest figures for the 1982 crop give
the Izmir region 133.2m kg (293m lb),
Marmara (Broussa etc) 7.6m kg
(16.7m lb), the Black Sea regions
(Samsun, Bafra etc) 38.4m kg (84.5m
lb), and the Eastern Provinces 35.6m
kg (78.3m lb). That totals 214.8m kg
(472.6m lb), or a little more than is
really needed for export and local
consumption, which is now reported,
unofficially, to be over 75m kg (165m
lb) a year. The quality is very mixed
and in parts poor, with the proportion
of middle and low grades above
average.
The Izmir crop could have been
larger but adverse weather in the late
summer kept the quantity to a
manageable figure. In view of the
quantity and quality of this crop,
merchants have been urged to
exercise restraint and to wait
patiently for the price lead to be given
by the authorities. Yearly price
increases are no longer accepted
philosophically by the big users and
persistence in driving for more every
season could alienate their friendly
feeling and push them into other
markets.
Unfortunately, the call for restraint
was not heeded. A bout of early-
November buying by all the big
merchants saw the purchase of an
estimated 30m kg (66m lb) of the best
of the Izmir 1982 crop at promised
prices way above the Monopoly price
- on average some TL170 per kg
higher, it is said. Both the authorities
and the big buyers will deplore this
repeat of last year's precipitate action;
but the merchants will retort that
there was no other way to secure the
good tobacco needed from a poor
crop.
One regular and important customer
has indicated that his forward
orders for 1982 crop could be well
below last year's total. That could be
on account of the quality of the crop,
or he could be waiting to see if it is
possible to get old-crop leaf from the
Monopoly on better terms. Negotiations
with the Monopoly have been
under way for some time for the bulk
purchase, at a discount, of some 20m
kg (44m lb), mainly of 1979-crop leaf
from the surplus stocks.
ARGENTINA
A LATER CROP
Transplanting of seedbeds with fluecured
in the main production area in
the north-east of the country was
retarded because of unfavourable
weather. Production of some 20m kg
(44m lb) is expected in Salta and of
22.5m kg (49.5m lb) in Jujuy, where
4V2% of the planted area has been
damaged by hail. The country also
has modest flue-cured crops on
500ha (1235 acres) in the Chaco and
around 900ha (2220 acres) in
Misiones.
Of the expected 1982-83 flue-cured
crop, 22m kg (48.4m lb) will be
needed for home manufacture; the
rest is available for export. Prices are
likely to emerge when the buying
season starts this month.
The Burley crop has also been
affected by the weather. The expectation
is for a total of 15.5m kg (34m
lb), of which 69% will be from the
Tucuman area, 21% from Salta and
10% from Jujuy. Burley transplanting,
notably in Tucuman, has been
ahead of flue-cured. The trade expects
to export around 3m kg
(6.6m lb) of the new-season Burley.
SRI LANKA
FUEL FOR CURING
Intent on growing enough timber
to make the tobacco industry selfsufficient
in fuel wood for curing
tobacco - wood from about 150
acres (61ha) per year would meet
total needs - the Ceylon Tobacco Co
is at work on an afforestation programme
and other related projects.
Some 350 acres (142ha) have already
been planted to fast-growing eucalyptus
and another 400 acres (162ha)
will be planted within the next two
years; 165 further acres (67ha) have
been planted in land around tobacco
buying centres. In addition, a threeyear
programme, which should be
completed next year, helps growers
each to raise a V/i-acre (0.6ha) block
of timber for his own firewood needs,
using seedlings provided by CTC; this
project sees 3,000 acres (1,214ha)
being planted, in all.
Elsewhere, CTC has set up a pilot
plant to process waste coir dust, of
which the country has mountainous
supplies, into fuel briquettes. Firing
tobacco barns would be one use,
though the scale of intended production
would far exceed farm needs
for the material, which would have
numerous other industrial uses.
There is sensitivity in Sri Lanka (as
elsewhere in the Third World) about
the use of unreplaced timber resources
for curing tobacco.
UNITED STATES
PRICE SUPPORT PUZZLE
Despite the smallest crop (in terms of
poundage) since 1964, fully onefourth
of the United States's 1982 fluecured
production failed to attract a
buyer at a price higher than the
federal support level - an astounding
turn of events that left observers
confused.
When a little more than a week of
selling was left in the season, it
seemed certain that the Flue Cured
Stabilization Corporation would end
up with having taken in 260m lb
(118m kg) from a crop of only 979m lb
(445m kg). To make this development
even more confusing, Stabilization
officials report that the 1982 crop was
of at least average quality overall, and
perhaps a little above average.
There were a few notable exceptions.
In the Border Belt (South
Carolina and neighbouring counties
of North Carolina), heavy rains early
in the season and an inopportune
hailstorm resulted in a shortfall in
production and thinness in the body
of the tobacco produced (the rain
having leached the nitrogen fertilizer
so deep into the soil that the tobacco
roots could not reach it). Those
buyers interested in this Type 13
tobacco had a difficult time meeting
their needs.
On the other hand, a fine crop was
produced in the Old Belt and-Middle
Belt of North Carolina and Virginia,
with both attractive quality and (for
the second consecutive year)
substantially more tobacco produced
than could be legally sold in 1982. So
buyers of Types 11Aand 11B had an
abundance of good tobacco in the
market
Some areas of the large Eastern
Belt (eastern North Carolina) had
December 1362
World
Tobacco
as
TI56320087

LEAFLANDS NEWS
damaging rain and hail seen in the
Border Belt, with a resultant loss in
yield and quality. But most of this belt
had relatively normal weather, and
the Type 12 crop appeared above
average.
This area saw a large-scale conversion
to mechanical harvesting
equipment in the 1970's, and the loss
of quality that accompanied that
conversion was well known to those
who • frequent the Eastern Belt
markets. But, beginning in 1980, there
has been a growing trend among the
more progressive Eastern Belt
farmers to abandon their mechanical
harvesters and return to hand
harvesting, typically with the help of
reaping aids which carry a crew of
seated workers along the rows at
priming height. They do, byhand, the
job of stripping leaves from the plant.
Farmers who have taken this step
backwards in production technology
report that they have been richly
rewarded in the marketplace this
year, because they could avoid
offering the mixed grades characteristic
of machine-harvested
tobacco. It was amusing to drive
through certain parts of Eastern North
Carolina this year and see one used
mechanical harvester after another
either offered for sale, or else
modified into a chemical sprayer or a
tobacco topper or delugger.
In Georgia and Florida (Type 14) the
quality of the crop was good from the
middle of the stalk up, although the
lower-stalk leaves typically did not
attract buyers.
How can it be that an average or
superior crop aroused so little
enthusiasm in the market? Two
factors seem significant: the relative
strength of the US dollar in terms of
the currency of some of America's
best overseas customers, notably the
German Federal Republic; ana
uncertainty about future demand for
cigarettes caused by increases in
excise taxes in the United States and
elsewhere.
It could be, too, that some of the US
domestic manufacturers intentionally
bought less than they might have, in
the hope of signalling their dissatisfaction
with the price provision of the
tobacco reform bill passed this
summer. The reduction that the bill
provided in the scheduled increase in
1982 support prices was only a small
one (the average price was $1.70 per
lb instead of the scheduled $1.76) and
the manufacturers were reportedly
unhappy with the token size of this
concession.
Be that as it may, it seems clear that
all buyers resisted the extra price
Indian leaf and tobacco products were on display at the recent Indian Exhibition in London,
England, with Sri J. Bapu Reddy IAS (right), recently-appointed executive director of the
Tobacco Board of India, on hand to answer trade inquiries. His visitors here are
Mrs Barbara Woof, director of Edwards, Goodwin & Co, the English and Indian leaf
merchants; the editor of this journal (light suit) and Mr John Woof, chairman and
managing director of Edwards, Goodwin.
support that was awarded to the best
grades of the 1982 crop. Very little of
this tobacco attracted buyers, leaving
Stabilization in the strange situation
of acquiring much of the best of the
crop. The consensus among
observers is that, if economic
conditions improve at all in early
1983, there must surely be at least a
small run on Stabilization stocks,
unless drastic changes in blends are
being considered by the manufacturers.
Q On the eve of the opening of the
Burley markets, American farmers
were preparing to sell what is unquestionably
the best crop in four
years, both in volume and quality. But
the price remained a major question
mark. Growers were divided over
whether to approve a cut in the
support price, as flue-cured growers
had done and as leaf exporters
urgently argued for. A vote for
moderation would make a price difference
of about 6c (4p) per lb at
auction but still leave prices 7% above
last year's.
The general expectation is that
Burley growers will produce well over
the 797m lb (362m kg) that they will
be allowed to sell this season. It is
expected that the Stabilization cooperatives
will form pools to hold the
excess, which must be carried over
until 1983.
Meanwhile, it is predicted that,
even if the price is high, domestic and
export purchases will fall around
140m lb (64m kg) short of production,
the first significant over-production in
four years, the excess probably going
into co-operative pools.
The crop quality is reported good.
Just a few areas suffered
disease or weather problems, and
since so much tobacco has been
produced, it is hoped that this small
amount of poor-quality leaf need not
be brought to market.
But though the quality is there, the
crop may not be worth a high average
price. One experienced observer
predicts that Burley growers may be
only two years away from a burdensome
over-supply situation.
II R. J. Reynolds Tobacco's leaf
buying department has a new special
leaf purchases manager, Mr S. F.
Hicks Jr.
IT In a series of promotions at Powell
Manufacturing, the suppliers of
specialised tobacco farm machinery,
Mr Phillip S. Wilson, a vice-president,
has become director of marketing and
sales.
GREECE
OUTLOOK FOR PRICES
With the acceptance by the farmers in
the Katerini district of the prices
offered by the merchants, the village
World Tobacco December 1982
TI56320088

markets for 1981 crop leaf could
finally be closed, after having lasted
over a record period.
Merchants participation covered
60m kg (132m lb) of oriental types and
11m kg (24.2m lb) of Burley. The cooperatives
took more than 26m kg
(57.2m lb) of oriental types and 9m kg
(19.8m lb) of Burley and the local
manufacturers bought 11m kg (24.2m
lb) of oriental leaf, leaving 8m to 9m
kg (18m to 20m lb) delivered to the
Intervention Agency.
Export prices to non-EEC countries
are expected to be lower than last
year, in some cases by a considerable
margin. Merchants expect to be able
to export the greater part of their
purchases and even the pessimists do
not forsee more than about 2m kg
(4.4m lb) remaining unsold. The loss
for merchants through the delivery to
the Intervention Agency at a low price
of only a modest percentage of their
total purchase would not be unbearable.
The co-operatives are not in such a
happy position. A great part of their
holding (about 15m kg or 33m lb) is
made up of Mavra and other 'problem'
types. They have no experience
of marketing and their leaf will be
processed by the facilities of the
National Tobacco Board. As the EEC
premium has been taken, the ready
lots should be exported and not
delivered to the Intervention Agency.
The authorities need to accept the
responsibility. This tobacco promises
to be a new burden, to add to that
represented by the stocks of
unwanted tobacco of earlier crops.
The final outcome will probably show
that it would have been betterconsidered
and less costly for the
Greek taxpayer to allow things to take
their projected course and thus
hasten the cure of an admitted ill.
Exports during the 1981-82 season
(79.5m kg, average price S3.209
per kg) show a better result than in the
1980-81 season (73m kg at $2,885 per
kg), both in quantity and average
price.
Early figures for the 1982 crop show
a rise in production of 1.2% overall for
oriental types and 9.2% for Burley.
The percentage increase was larger
than the average for the moredemanded
aromatic Basma types
(about 9%) and for the Samsun type
grown in the Katerini districts.
Unfortunately no appreciable drop
was seen in the total of the 'problem'
types.
The quality in the Basma regions is
reported to be medium to poor, due to
unfavourable weather and some
disease, but in other districts of
interest to foreign buyers first
appreciations rate the quality as a
little better than last year.
INTERNATIONAL
US
APPOINTMENT
The Casalee group has appointed
Dr Fawky M. Abdallah as executive
vice-president of the Casalee America
Corporation and senior vice-president
of the group.
ZIMBABWE
STRONG MARKET CLOSE
Tobacco markets in Zimbabwe closed
on October 15 with 89.4m kg (197m lb)
of flue-cured, 3.7m kg (8.1m lb) of
Burley and 17,500kg (38,600lb) of
oriental - farm sales weight in all
cases — having been sold. For fluecured,
it was the end of a wearying
selling season.
Average prices were:
Zc USc £p
per kg per lb per lb
Flue-cured 167.3 99.5 58.5
Burley 164.2 97.6 57.4
Oriental 129.1 76.8 45.2
The long (March 16 to October 15)
flue-cured season had three distinct
phases.
The first phase recorded strong,
demand for clear-faced lemon, lowerstalk
tobaccos, engendered by substantial
tender business as well as by
traditional buyers. This demand
raised weekly average prices 15%
above the opening level of Z153c per
kg (US94.8c, 55.7p per lb) by April 21.
The second phase started when
tender purchases were completed
and demand slackened for the predominantly
lemon offerings. The
weekly price dropped back by June 9
to only 3% above the opening level.
Thereafter (the third phase)
demand steadily strengthened, particularly
for the ripe orange and
mahogany styles then coming on to
the market, until the weekly average
had climbed to around Z180c per kg
(US107c, 63p per lb) at the beginning
of September. Strong demand for
ripe orange and mahogany styles
prevailed to the end of the sales.
Several factors appear to have influenced
the market to show these
various moods. First, the crop was
very late, particularly in the Northern
growing areas which produce most of
the orange and mahogany styles.
Thus, growers were concerned to find
their lemon leaf selling at apparently
low prices compared to primings and
lugs, during the second phase. The
trend was emphasised by growers
holding back more desirable styles on
the advice of their sales representatives.
The Malawi market opened on
April 14 and in the second half of that
month, manufacturers' representatives
turned their attention to the
Harare (Salisbury) market. The projected
sales rate in Harare was not
reached until the middle of May, and
only half of the expected weight had
been sold at that time. It is therefore
possible that customers believed that
they were seeing styles characteristic
of the whole crop, whereas the offerings
up to that time were predominantly
lemon styles from the highveld
areas, which were also worst
affected by the dry growing season.
The slow start had a visible psychological
effect on buyers and growers
as well.
By the beginning of July, the strong
order base for ripe orange and
mahogany leaf styles was apparent,
together with the poor demand for
spotty lemon styles which prevailed
throughout the sales.
Of some market significance was
the strengthening by some 4% of the
US dollar against Zimbabwe currency
during the sales season. (Approximate
exchange rates are used in the
table above.)
The flue-cured crop eventually fulfilled
its early promise of providing a
variety of styles and qualities to suit
manufacturers. It would appear that
growers generally are satisfied with
the final average price, although
some will have fared worse than
others as a result of dry growing
conditions.
The crop was produced off
46,400ha (115,000 acres), giving a
yield of 1,925kg per ha (1,7171b per
acre). For 1983, first indications are of
a planting of about 48,200ha (119,000
acres), from which 90m to 95m kg
(198m to 209m lb) should be produced,
depending upon growing
conditions.
Burley production is expected to
increase to some 5m kg (11m lb) in
1983. No forecasts are available yet
for oriental but it is known that
the government is encouraging
increased production.
The railing situation has further
improved and additional seasonal
pressures towards the end of the year
should not cause serious delays.
PHILIPPINES
EXPORTS
IMPROVING
A jump in Virginia leaf exports gives
rise to hopes of a better trend in this
area of trie tobacco trade. In the first
half of this year, 8.1m kg (17.8m lb) of
Virginia, with a little Burley, was
exported - an improvement of 47%
on the comparable period of the
previous year. Notable in these shipments
was the size of exports to the
German Federal Republic - 3.7m kg
(8.1m lb) at an average unit value of
Pe21.3 per kg (SI.16c, 68p per lb).
Exports of cigar leaf in the early
months of this year also show a rising
trend, thanks in part to an upsurge in
shipments to the US, which is again
allowing duty-free entry of Philippine
wrapper, stemmed and unstemmed.
December 7982
World
Tobacco
87
TI56320089

~J
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J
HIGH CAPACITY
THRESHING AND STRIP
SEPARATION For efficient
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sizes 914 mm. 1220 mm, 1525
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60 '.and72"
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L2 l "L
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TI56320090

HIGH FLEXIBILITY IN ITALY'S
NEWEST THRESHING PLANT
Need to meet all processing and packing specifications for Italian tobacco and for leaf
(sometimes already packed) from other countries led the designers of Europe's largest
threshing facility to provide extreme flexibility. The guardians of Italy's artistic and
religious heritage had a say in the design, too.
•I111111 I I I I I I • •"is 8
"".'•• * ! ,. • I • 1 I • I !_£ J
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A control panel in the
Assisi factory puts
numerous
operations under
push-button control.
THE
Italian
SCENE
A factory which, when fully equipped,
will be Europe's largest green leaf
processing and packing facility, has
been in use since March in an environment
of singular beauty and
historic importance near Assisi. Its
establishment, by Deltafina (the
Italian associate of Deli Mij and
Universal Leaf), is the company's
solution to an operational problem as
acute as any in its 20 years of packing
tobacco in Italy.
INVESTOR DECLINE
Deltafina was at a crossroads:
either it risked losing its hard-won
position of being Italy's largest
exporter of tobacco to a world that
was increasingly demanding high
sophistication of leaf processing and
packing; or it had to make another
multi-million-dollar investment. It
chose to invest.
With an annual turnover of about
An artist's
impression of the
factory, whose
building is complete
and whose secondstage
equipment
should be in full use
in a few weeks.
20m kg (44m lb), green weight', of
tobacco being processed in five
factories in Italy, it might seem that
Deltafina hardly needed another. But
evaluation of the long-term trends in
leaf trade decided otherwise. The
dominant reason was simple: overseas
manufacturers were demanding
that an ever-increasing proportion of
their leaf be threshed - and threshed
to the same high specifications that
they were used to getting in the
United States. Except for one Deltafina
factory — that at Francolise near
Naples, built from the start with the
'super-plant' concept in mind - the
company's facilities, at four factories
in central Italy, had been built to pack
only loose leaves and there was no
way that their modest threshing
capabilities could be 'beefed-up' to
give the volume necessary for
economic processing.
The decision to close three factories
in the Perugia area, at Fratta,
Umbertide and Bastia (Deltafina's
other plant is at Orvieto, nearer to
Rome), meant finding a site for the
new plant within the 50km (31-mile)
triangle that the old factories formed,
in order that Deltafina could keep on
its well-trained personnel. The valley
just beneath Assisi, home of St
Francis, was accessible to all the
workers. It provided, too, a setting
with a view more spectacular than
that from any other threshing plant in
the world. The front of the plant looks
out, over fields that often grow
tobacco, directly to the hill-side on
which the mediaeval city is built, the
monastery and two-tier cathedral of
St Francis on a high terrace
dominating the scene.
Permission for an industrial
development on the 10ha (25 acre)
site overlooked by such an important
December 1383 World Tobacco

W© femtakiMMte (pMsssft
K®WEI®W®ssidl
HIEW3IE
for the supply of traditional
cigar, cigarette and pipe
tobaccos from
Argentine
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Greece
Indonesia
India
• Italy
• Malawi
• Paraguay
• Philippines
• Thailand
• U.S.A.
• Zimbabwe
mm
M1EOI6M M
Phone: 010 -13 24 45 • Telex: 23179
Wrjnhaven 65, P.O. Box 637
3000 AP Rotterdam - The Netherlands
World Tobacco Pe-*mber 1962
T156320092

j
international shrine involved a lot of
collaboration between Deltafina and
the Sovraintendenza ai Monumenti.
Every external detail - the shape, the
colour and the landscaping of the
plant—were discussed and examined
by many of Italy's greatest conservationists
and architects. Allowing the
two or three years that nature always
needs to cover up and soften the
The Godioli & Bellanti leaf presses tackle
the problem of evenly compacting the
tobacco by separating the charging and
pressing operations. While tobacco is
falling into the charger chamber (top
picture) pressing is suspended. Next a
pivoted arm pushes fingers into the
chamber and the whole fitment (lower
picture) is pulled downwards in a pressing
action; then the metal fingers are pulled
free of the chamber, for another filling
period.
This picture, painted
for Deltafina long
before the factory
was built, happens
to be very similar to
the view from the
front of the plant.
Behind foregroun d
fields of tobacco
rises the monastery
of St Francis, on a
terrace flanking the
mediaeval city of
Assisi.
ravages of the bulldozer, it is already
clear that the factory, big as it is, will
not disfigure its surroundings. It helps
greatly that the external faces of the
main building are sky blue, the roofs
are white and the outbuildings black.
A PROVEN FORMULA
The layout follows the same simple
principles that Deltafina tried with
success at Francolise, though on a
scale big enough to process (depending
on the type of tobacco being
handled and what is done with it)
between 5,000kg and 10,000kg
(11,0001b and 22,0001b) per hr. Three
central sections, each 30m x 100m
(98ft x 328ft), house the three main
assemblies of operational equipment,
for blend production, threshing
and redrying. The two-floor offices
are fully integrated into the operating
areas, to ensure maximum contact
and control, with the nerve-centre of
the plant —the laboratories-being in
an air-conditioned unit sandwiched
between the threshing and redrying
operations which they control. An
unusual indication of this principle of
maximising access between the
offices and the operations of the
factory is that two conveyors carry
every kg of tobacco processed
through a specially-lit blend control
room in the office area.
Colourgrading in the
Assisi factory is done
by a bank of TDC
electronic-eye
sorting devices
which fling offspecification
leaf
fragments on to the
further conveyor,
while acceptable
product drops to the
nearer one.
A characteristic of the Italian market
is the very wide range of finished
products its leaf tobacco factories can
offer. There is variety in the types of
tobacco processed; there is great
variety, too, in the systems of processing,
to meet the individual requirements
of manufacturers. Whatever
they ask for can be supplied.
Nowadays, the leading threshing
plants in Italy must be able not only to
process tobacco bought direct from
the country's farmers, but also to
rehandle any variety, domestic or
foreign, that may come into the plant,
whether in leaves or bundles (tied
hands), green-prized or redried. In the
last few years, this ability to clean up
and thresh tobacco to the most exacting
specifications has led to leaf from
more than 22 other countries finding
its way to Italy for re-handling in
bond, prior to re-export in almost all
cases.
MULTI-ROUTE POSSIBILITIES
For that reason, the equipment in
the Assisi plant was designed to meet
not only the normal requirements of
efficiency, uniformity and ability to
meet the toughest specifications but
also to have a flexibility, through flow
diversion along various alternative
routes, that is believed to be unique
among existing factories. In an opera-
December 1982 World Tobacco 91
"056320093

. A
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#***
/ 1
EVERY LEAF
BUYER HAS
HIS PROBLEMS
X
BUT NOT ALL
BUYERS HAVt
THE SOLUTION
® Deltafina,via Donizetti 10, Rome
TI56320094

Mr Fausto Bruggoti, the factory manager,
steps from his desk to check a detail of the
tobacco being processed, on a section of
conveyor routed through the office.
Buricy and a little Maryland tobacco,
and its grading facility has to be
elaborate, because Italian farmers
make no attempt at farm grading; the
only classification that can usually be
counted on, in the tobacco arriving at
the start of the process, relates to
plant position.
Almost all the tobacco going
through the plant is both machine and
hand graded, the electronic-eye
installation doing the colourseparation
task and, on the floor
above, women graders at picking
belts attending to the other
characteristics. The finished product
from these picking belts drops
through holes in the floor, at the end
of each picking belt, on to conveyors
at the auto-grader level, thus avoiding
the need for a complex collecting
conveyor system on the floor above.
TRANS-ATLANTIC DOCTRINE
During the building and equipment
of the factory, whose second line
(largely a duplicate of the first, but
with a different throughput rate) is
now coming into use with hopes of
full two-line production in February
1983, Deltafina embarked on a technical
training programme 'on a scale
that must,' in the words of the company's
managing director, Mr Guy
Concluded on page 98
tion taking only a few minutes, one
flow control panel is used to set up the
plant for each run, so that the tobacco
can flow through, or by-pass, the
vacuum units, the hand blending
facility, the bulk blenders, the
blending silos, the electronic pickers,
the hand picking belts and either or
both of the threshing lines, in any
combination. Moreover, this flexibility
is not only foreseen for each
separate processing line, of which
one was in use this year while the
equipment of the second was being
installed; it is enhanced by a crossflow
arrangement linking the two
lines, as needed. This enables one
line to 'borrow' a facility from the
other, instead of or in addition to its
own, thus avoiding the cost of 'booking'
(holding in temporary storage)
the pickings removed from the main
flow; this makes possible a significant
economy in a market where a 15%
picking rate is not unusual.
BULK||
FEEDING
Diversionre-join
points
VACUUM
HUMIDIfjilCATIOW
;9 :
V i"
SltO
BLENDING
O
'V i HAND
DEEDING
BULK,:!
FEEDING
Noriiial
routing..
Alternative
routing
VACUUM
HUMIDIFICATION
BLENDING
"' ' HAND
; FEEDING
ENSURING HOMOGENEITY-
An unconventional feature of the
processing line design is that the
blending silos are positioned ahead
of the grading operations, not after
them. One of several practical advantages
is that both the electronic picking
process and the hand pickers
work better when the blend is
homogeneous.
SERVICE FUNCTION
Around three-quarters of the
tobacco handled by the plant comes
from farmers contracted to Deltafina;
the rest is of various origins - noncontracted
farmers, smaller packers
and co-operatives without their own
threshing facilities and foreign
clients in need of advanced processing
for farmers' leaf or part- or fullyprocessed
and packed tobacco. The
Assisi plant handles flue-cured.
AUTO .
GRADING
6
--"O-
THRESHING
o
REDRYING
;• HAND
PICKING
o
o
AUTO '
GRADING
A. i • HAND
' ! , PICKING
o
["HRESHING
i
o
" i
i
REDRYING
How operational flexibility is achieved. This
work-flow diagram omits, for the sake of clarity,
the routings of pickings and by-products in the
Assisi factory.
PACKING
(presses)
PACKING
(presses)
December 1982 World Tobacco 93
TI56320095

Our quality leaf
comes from
Tobacco
Because that's
what it takes!
THE TOBACCO
TRADING CORPORATION
209 Broad Street • P. O. Box 1027«Oxford, North Carolina 27565«(919) 693-2683-TELEX: 802525 TRADING OXNC
94 World Tobacco December 1982
TI56320096

SPAIN PLANS TO USE MORE
HOME-GROWN TOBACCO
A programme to put the production accent on Virginia leaf is flanked by mixing regulations,
affecting even brands that Tabacalera makes under licence, reports our Madrid
correspondent, RAIMUIMDO DE LOS REYES.
Tabacalera, the company that operationally
exercises the Spanish tobacco
monopoly, will be forced to increase
proportionally the amount of homegrown
leaf tobacco in its cigarettes, as
the result of government legislation. The
law revises the plan for the expansion and
development of tobacco growing; it
seeks to stabilize the production of
Burley and to encourage the cultivation
of Virginia, in view of the large increase in
demand for types of cigarettes needing
these ingredients. (Traditional darktobacco
cigarettes, even of the modern-
Spain has an enormous production
(second in western Europe only to Italy's!
of a light air-cured tobacco derived from
Burley, and usually so called; connoisseurs
consider this tobacco, which is
generally fermented before manufacture,
to be too heavy to be a true cigarette-type
Burley. Some land growing this type is
destined to be switched to flue-cured
under the new programme and part of the
area may be set to growing non-tobacco
crops.
40
Million
kg
30
-200
10
•Flue-cured
(23Dark air-cured
•Burley
1
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN«PAGES»PAGINAS
33-36
ised, sophisticated type like best-selling
Ducados, arenot thought to have a great
long-term future in Spain.)
Tabacalera will be obliged to use, in its
mixtures for dark cigarettes, an average
of at least 35% of Spanish-grown
tobacco, the aim being to increase this
proportion, provided that this does not
lead to any reduction in quality or in the
acceptability of the finished products to
the smoker.
SMOKERS LEAD THE WAY
Spain has in recent years seen a sharp
shift in demand towards bright cigarettes,
to the detriment of dark cigarettes,
which are those in which a greater
percentage of locally-grown Burley is
used. For this reason, there has been restructuring
of the land areas dedicated to
the cultivation of the various types of
tobacco. It is hoped to stabilize the production
of those types used in the manufacture
of dark cigarettes and develop
production of Virginia, for the production
of Virginia-type cigarettes.
Although dark
cigarettes are not
thought to have a
great future in Spain
over the long term,
the pace at which
they are ceding
market share to
bright blends is less
vigorous than that in
France; the tempo
could, however,
accelerate when
Spain joins the
European Economic
Community.
The new administrative legislation
envisages that, within six months of
March 1982, the Ministry of Agriculture
will submit for government approval a restructuring
plan which, among other
things, has to contain the programme for
reconverting part of the cultivation of
Burley tobacco to Virginia, in those
tobacco areas where this is possible. The
plan has also to identify and offer ideas
for the utilization of new areas suitable
for cultivation of Virginia, and thoughts
about using some of the land at present
growing Burley for non-tobacco crops
suitable to the soil and climate.
LOCAL LEAF MINIMA
Apart from moving towards a 35%
home-grown ingredient in dark
cigarettes, Tabacalera has, by the
autumn of 1983, to manufacture and
market a new brand of dark cigarette
containing at least 40% of domestic leaf.
Other new brands of dark cigarettes to be
marketed by Tabacalera have to contain
a minimum initial percentage of 20% of
domestic tobacco, which is to be
increased by five points per year, until
35% is reached.
As far as Virginia-type cigarettes are
concerned, Tabacalera will be adapting
the blends in such a way that, towards
the end of this year, they include an
average of at least 7% of local tobacco,
1977 78 79 80 81 82
December 1982
Crop pr oduction trend
Composition of cigarette market
World Tobacco 95
TI56320097

dark cigarettes from the Cananes contain
island or. failing this, mainland tobacco
in a proportion of 5% for 1982, to be
increased by five points a year up to an
eventual 25%.
A crop oflight air-curedBurley-type tobacco in Spain. Production of this type, most having
scant international appeal, is to be reduced.
which is to be increased by five points per
year, until the blends contain 30% of
Spanish-grown tobacco.
Virginia-type cigarettes from the
Canaries, whose marketing by Tabacalera
may be authorised for the first time
in the monopoly area (i.e. peninsular
Spain), should contain an initial proportion
of 5% local leaf, with an increase of
five points per year until the local content
is 25%. Likewise, in contracts signed for
the manufacture by Tabacalera of cigarettes
under licence, there is to be a clause
establishing the need for incorporating in
the mixture tobacco of Spanish origin, in
a minimum initial proportion of 5%. That
proportion will be gradually increased to
25%, if the quality of what Spain can
grow permits that proportion.
A further provision in the ministerial
decree makes it an essential condition for
renewal of marketing contracts in the
monopoly area, between Canaries tobacco
companies and Tabacalera, that the
MORE THRESHING
Meanwhile, Tabacalera has been
carrying forward its technical
modernisation programme at the
Palazuelo factory, in the province of
Caceres, south-west of Madrid near the
Portuguese frontier; this is the most
important tobacco-growing region of
Spain. What started in the 1960s as a leaf
store serving the company's cigarette
factories was gradually developed into a
substantial leaf processing facility. Its
first threshing line went in eight veors ago
and a second has now been completed
and is in operation. The current
throughput capacity of the plant is 13.5m
kg (29.7m lb) per year, working double
shift, an output that if necessary could be
increased to around 20m kg (44m lb) per
year with treble-shift working. This plant
goes a long way towards removing green
leaf processing from the manufacturing
factories, to facilities in a producing area,
and it is on a scale large enough to
provide blends uniform in taste and
aroma for various cigarette factories
making the same brand; Tabacalera also
enjoys the expected economic benefits
of large-scale processing that the
Palazuelo plant is able to yield.
World
Tobacco
T.56320098

'USABILITY' EVALUATION OF
BRIGHT LEAF TOBACCO
A review of current thinking on the specific leaf characteristics that create or impair buyer
enthusiasm for tobacco, by Dr JOHN S. CAMPBELL, leads to reflections on the 'usability'
elements that absolutely must survive today's pursuit of less labor-intensive growing
techniques.
The writer is one of several forwardthinking
tobacco men keen to see the
industry move away from the vague
term 'quality' in leaf tobacco assessment
and employ instead the concept
of 'usability' — spelling out for
producers' guidance the elements
that give leaf 'usability' or the
converse. These thoughts, looking
towards 'usability' in relation to the
way that flue-cured and Bur/ey will be
produced in the future, were shared
with scientists at the November
conference of CORESTA, which Dr
Campbell urged to continue its
studies on quality and 'usability' of
leaf tobacco and to formulate some
recommendations of value to the
whole industry.
Dr Campbell lately retired from the
American leaf organisation of
Imperial Tobacco of Britain; he is now
a consultant, resident in North
Carolina.
The cigarette industry, notably in the
developed world, has changed,
during the past 15 to 20 years, from
manufacturing a product whose
contents were selected primarily on a
subjective basis, to one balancing
subjective characteristics with
chemical numbers. These contents,
when burned, are modified by very
sophisticated paper, filters, and in
some cases, added flavorants. The
cigarettes are encased in an appealing
container to encourage consumer
purchase. Health considerations,
often backed by government edict,
have led more and more people to
select cigarettes with lower tar and
nicotine contents. Further chemical
numbers, such as carbon monoxide,
have been published and others will
be in the future, forcing more
changes.
BLEND CONSTANCY
It is against this background that
the cigarette manufacturer has to
make a series of choices in his own,
and/or the world, marketplace to
obtain the primary product
purchased, namely leaf. A leaf
manager is continually bedevilled by
the fact that brand blends must
remain comparatively stable in
content to meet label specifications
and to retain consumer acceptance.
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN»PAGES»PAGINAS
33-36
and at the same time to maintain
essential flavor characteristics.
Again, fluctuating inflation and
interest rates within supplying countries,
and over time, complicate the
issue of such leaf purchase, added to
which is the ever-present need to
meet company or monopoly problems
of cash flow and to cut costs of
manufacture in the face of intense
competition.
It is equally incumbent upon the
leaf manager to be continually
updated on leaf stocks and their
chemistry, together with having
accurate intelligence on projected
production and leaf availability (also
with chemistry, where possible) from
all overseas suppliers, so that current
and future marketing and sales
projections can be met. Adequate
supervision of purchases, on a dayto-day
basis, must be ensured, such
that leaf purchases meet both subjective
and objective specifications at
budgeted prices, making immediate
changes within and between countries
of origin, as the demand arises. It
is also vital that threshing and
primary processing specifications of
the leaf, which are so closely correlated
with final cigarette quality, be
adhered to.
BUYING ON GOOD LOOKS
Many crop products continue to be
purchased on the basis of looks. The
quality and subsequent usability of
food crops and vegetables for the
fresh market are completely determined
in this manner. But where
industrial or processing procedures
have been superimposed, internal
contents or characteristics have been
measured, and such objective specifications
have modified the equation of
prices paid to the grower — for
example, the length and strength of
cotton lint and jute fiber, the free fatty
acid content of copra and oil palms,
the aflatoxin content of peanuts, the
water content of maize, wheat and
oranges manufactured into frozen
juice. Optimum economic usability is
based on contents.
Tobacco is probably one of the
most difficult crops to define quantitatively
on the basis of both subjective
characteristics and contents
because:
1. - It is harvested in leaf, not seed,
form, making it susceptible to
mechanical, chemical, and disease
and insect damage.
2. - Potential quality is determined or
modified by varieties, soils, cultural
practices, and climate during each
season.
3. - The level of ripeness or maturity
at the time of harvest affects subsequent
subjective characteristics
and contents after curing, together
with its usability.
4. - The leaf is air-, flue-, fire- or suncured
after harvest, thus ensuring
changes in color, texture, flavor,
aroma, and chemical contents from
its original green state.
5. - Actual leaf position on the stalk
relates to its chemical and physical
attributes and flavor, and its size
and shape (also affected by
variety), and in turn, the ratio of
lamina to mid-rib (stem) is important
economically to the manufacturer.
6. - Cured leaf texture and the amount
of blemish affects physical characteristics
and manufacturing properties.
7. - Leaf body or thickness is often
related to end-product use.
8. - Tobacco is generally consumed
after burning, such that the cured
leaf chemical contents, together
with their ratios, and flavor and
aroma, may be completely modified
and changed in the smoke.
But first, let us look back in time
before we review what is happening
today, and then tomorrow. Purchase
of cured leaf in the marketplace has
been carried out for decades on the
basis of looks. In an attempt to
quantify subjective characteristics
more objectively, the United States
Department of Agriculture, starting in
the late 1920s, laid down Elements of
Quality, such as maturity, leaf structure,
body, oil, color, color intensity,
width, length, uniformity, injury
tolerance, waste tolerance, plant
Oecember 1962 World Tobacco 97
TI56320099

position, with different degrees
within each element. Grades were
assessed according to these elements
and degrees. This technique, modified
over the years, has been used
successfully. The method has been
applied to all tobacco types and
served as a model for similar systems
in Canada, Zimbabwe, Australia, and
in recent years in Taiwan, Thailand
and elsewhere.
The buyer or manufacturer recognized
such a system was necessary to
educate the grower into producing
what was considered good-quality
tobacco and to form the basis of a
support price mechanism in the US.
But he standardized his own subjective
criteria (together with smoking
tests) through trial and error, over
time, with the varieties, cultivation
techniques, and good grading practices
then in vogue. This provided the
consumer with what were considered
desirable smoking characteristics.
Such criteria included leaves graded
and separated by plant position; ripe
or fully mature leaf; a clear color with
a rich finish or intensity; a soft, grainy
texture; medium to heavy body;
minimum blemish; and uniformity of
leaves within a pile or lot. While these
criteria apply to most types of
tobacco, some additions may be
necessary for — say — fire- or suncured
types. These criteria formed the
basis on which highest 'quality'
tobacco was selected.
It is to be noted, however, that both
with the USDA grades and those of
the company buyer, these subjective
characteristics were not really quantified.
Definition was based on training
and experience. It is of interest that
the USDA later produced Munsell
color charts for frozen french fries,
walnuts and pecans, which have a
similar color range to tobacco. Since
color is one of the most important
subjective characteristics indicative
of quality throughout the world, I
attempted, some years ago, with the
help of Mr Carl Foss, formerly president
of Munsell, to produce fluecured
and Burley leaf color charts,
originally by gravure printing and
later by an offset process. These were
comparatively successful, but the
project was never completed. It was
an extremely difficult exercise, but
one which should still be pursued.
COST OF RESISTANCE
During the 1940s and 1950s, it
became apparent in the US that
diseases such as black shank, Granville
wilt, wildfire, black root rot,
together with root-knot eelworm and
tobacco mosaic, were affecting fluecured
and Burley types. Resistant
varieties were essential if tobacco
was to be grown at all. While every
effort was made to produce such
varieties with the subjective quality of
yesterday, buyers considered them
inferior. Although standards for color,
color finish, body and texture were
incorporated into the Regional Fluecured
Tobacco Quality Program
started in 1963, these have proved
somewhat ambiguous for assessment,
and approval of, a selection.
Indeed, a 'usability' assessment by
buyers, both for flue-cured and
Burley, has proved to be more valuable
information.
It is to be noted that, even today, it
is difficult to combine good subjective
characteristics and resistance to
tobacco mosaic virus in flue-cured,
and good subjective characteristics
and very low nicotine levels in the
flue-cured and Burley varieties. Why?
In the 1960s and 1970s, labor
became scarcer and more expensive
in the US.-Sultivation practices, once
carried out by hand were performed
by chemicals such as
maleic hydrazide as a sucker-control
agent. Automatic harvesters
appeared and bulk curing superseded
conventional barns for flue-curing.
Loose-leaf selling has replaced
tobacco tied in hands with flue-cured
and is shortly to occur in Burley.
Grading deteriorated. Such practices
are now becoming commonplace to
some degree throughout the world.
Leaf and smoking quality, together
with subsequent manufacturing
processes, have been affected.
Though subjective assessment is still
the most important criterion for
purchase, it must be noted that leaf
currently available is not only less
precise, but has become more difficult
to assess.
While much chemical analysis has
been carried out on tobacco since the
1930s, the importance of contents, as
they relate to smoking acceptability,
did not really come into focus until the
Smoking and Health reports were
published, beginning in the 1960s. It
was opportune to set up the USA Fluecured
Variety Evaluation Program,
referred to above, since nicotine
levels of the then-new Coker 139 and
316 strains were unacceptable to
buyers. Standards for nicotine,
soluble sugars, nornicotine, alphaamino
nitrogen, total and insoluble
Assisi threshing
Continued from page 93
Continuous sample testing and analysis is
routine for the fully-equipped laboratory.
Norton, 'have a significant impact on
the income of the trans-Atlantic airlines'.
In relays, five of the top factory
experts of Universal Leaf have been
visiting Assisi and, from Italy, 12
departmental foremen have undergone
intensive training in the largest
and most modem green leaf
processing and packing plants of
Universal Leaf in the US.
The factory, on which much of the
general and machinery layout design
was done in Italy, makes extensive
use of machinery made in that
country. While the vacuum chambers
are from Mohr, the all-important
separators and threshers are from
MacTavish, and the larger redryer is
from Proctor, all in the US, and the
electronic eye graders are Swiss,
most of the rest of the advanced
Swirling lamina in the separator of one of
the threshing lines in the Assisi factory.
This equipment is from MacTavish in the
US. although much of the rest of the
machinery in the plant is kalian.
technical machinery is Italian, largely
from the Citta di Castello business,
Godioli & Bellanti, including one
redryer, conditioners, picking
equipment and presses incorporating
an ingenious feature explained in the
illustrations to this article.
World
Tobacco
December 1982
T156320100

nitrogen, and total volatile bases,
together with smoke acceptance
tests, were laid down as a prerequisite
for approval of new
commercial varieties. Similar standards
were applied to new Burley
selections in 1980. Some changes
have been made overthe years, but in
general, the program has been
successful in narrowing the range of
chemical contents, acceptable to both
domestic and export buyers.
Many companies are now purchasing
their flue-cured and Burley leaf
requirements on both a physical and
chemical basis. Detailed studies over
many years in the US and in other
countries have indicated a close
relationship of leaf appearance with
contents, if the variety chemical
content base is narrow; if the cultural
practices by farmers are fairly standard;
//harvesting is carried out four
or more times, and no mixing of plant
positions occurs at marketing. Thus,
the level of nicotine was found to be
dependent on plant position and the
depth of color within a plant position.
In the case of flue-cured, sugar levels
were related to plant position and the
amount of blemish within a plant
position. The level of nicotine is
generally higher the thicker the body,
as is the level of tar, as one might
expect. The level of maturity may also
be of particular importance in the
assessment of nicotine and tar and
the tar/nicotine ratio. Many other
visual characteristics were not so
significant.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE
As a result of such findings, a grade
structure could be developed, which
relates looks to anticipated contents,
and buyers could be trained in such
recognition. Actual contents, however,
vary year to year depending on
the climate, notably rainfall. It is
necessary, therefore, to carry out premarket
chemical surveys of cured leaf
together with post-market chemical
surveys of actual purchases. Individual
grade levels of chemistry are
quickly determined and overall
chemical targets met or altered
accordingly.
Regretfully, as fewer and fewer
harvesting passes are made on fluecured
or on stripping in Burley (three
or less) and more and more mixing of
plant positions occurs in the marketplace,
as in the US. chemical accuracy
is reduced. Nevertheless, this problem
can be lessened by feeding
threshed tobacco of a particulargrade
into a blending silo prior to its
packaging in cases or hogsheads.
Subsequent chemical variation, both
within and between cases, has
proven to be extremely low. The
blending silo lot of cases can then be
stored as a group with a known
chemistry, prior to removal for
cigarette manufacture, as and when
needed. In passing, it is noted that,
these blending silos are identical in
structure to those commonly used in
cigarette manufacture.
The model image of superior
quality to the buyer of flue-cured and
air-cured Burley tobaccos—the principal
types in the world — on the market
floor has not really changed. I believe
that this image — probably best represented
by the finest American
tobacco, since the environmental and
soil conditions, plus a long growing
season, are ideally suited for its cultivation
— is accepted worldwide. This
model image is still what is seen or if
not actually seen, understood to be
present, by experienced buyers.
Whatever the plant position, these
quality characteristics will include:
1. - Separation of leaf by plant position,
at least four or more, on the
market floor, such that there is
minimal variability between the
color, body, texture, maturity and
blemish of the leaves.
2. — Color should be pure, with a rich
intensity, not dull or variegated.
The leaf should not contain red or
green casts often produced by early
harvesting or poor curing, which
may lead to poor smoking characteristics.
3. - Body should be of a thickness
suitable for conditions of manufacture
and should be one that will not
break up into fine waste particles.
4. — Texture should have a soft, grainy
feel, not starchy, woody, leathery or
dry-natured. Smooth or particularly
slick tobacco should be avoided.
Such a soft feel is ideal for cigarette
manufacture and for the uptake of
moisture, humectants, and flavorants,
and in the cutting process.
5. — Leaf should be fully mature or
ripe. Immature green is caused by
harvesting too early; very over-ripe
leaf may be brown or scalded, often
producing fine particles or waste.
6. - Blemish caused by diseases or
pests, physiological or chemical
spotting, sunburn or scald, should
be minimal.
7. -The leaf should be marketed with
a moisture level ideal for storage; it
should not be in excess so as to
cause molds, which cause off-taste
smoking qualities; nor should it be
too dry, so that the tobacco will
shatter when handled.
8.-The pile or lot of leaves should not
contain any storage pests like the
cigarette beetle or moth, or any
molds.
9. -The pile or lot of leaves should not
contain suckers, trash or foreign
matter and should have minimal
sand.
10. — Pesticide residues on the leaves
should be minimal or preferably nil.
Such tobacco as rep resented above
will have good flavor, lowshatter, and
excellent smoking qualities. To
repeat, many of these characteristics
are difficult to quantify.
But tobacco fitting this model
image is increasingly difficut to
purchase, for various reasons. One is
that varieties selected for pest
tolerance (necessary because of
increasing incidence and the high
cost of chemical control) often
produce poor-looking tobacco.
Secondly, increasing costs of production
leading to overall poorer
management techniques, the use of
chemicals to overcome such management
defects - especially the lack of
sorting and grading prior to marketing.
This is not to say that quality is
reduced by multi-pass harvesters and
bulk curing per se. But superior
management and grading are vital to
be sure of it.
UNSUITABLE PRODUCTION
A third problem is the cultivation of
tobacco in countries with unsuitable
conditions of growth. Tobacco's high
value as a cash crop stimulates its
production. Considerable effort has,
however, been exerted to achieve the
quality factors above, with some
success.
Finally, there is lack of expertise
and training in production methods
by company and monopoly leaf
departments, in extension methods
and personnel, and by the grower
himself.
The assessment of quality is based
on the subjective characteristics of
the leaf and its smoking properties.
Hence, adherence to the quality
image tends to be constant or static.
Usability, on the other hand,
embraces both subjective and
objective characteristics and is
dynamic and ever-changing, to reflect
the demands of the buyer. It is thus
more meaningful to him. It suits
individual requirements at any point
in time and place.
Usability is what is attractive to a
manufacturer and acceptable to consumers.
It may result from inability to
buy specific grades in any one year,
while looking for a replacement with
almost equivalent smoking characteristics.
Its application may come
about because of a price differential. It
takes subjective quality one step
further in total leaf assessment.
However, in both cases, the key to
their assessment is minimal variability,
leaf to leaf, in plant position,
color, maturity, texture and blemish.
Considering the usability concept
of the present day, Basil Akehurst
considers that usability has two prin-
December 1982
World
Tobacco
99
TI56320101

cipal elements, one related to manufacturing
economy and the other to
smoking character. Some examples
of each are necessary:
MANUFACTURING ECONOMY
The lamina/stem yield ratio, because
of a much higher designated value
for lamina by tobacco company
accountants, is of very high priority
in the selection of usability. Variety
and individual leaf size; plant position;
moisture content; hail, insect
or disease damage; blemish; and
presence of foreign matter and
sand - all affect yield and are taken
into consideration by the buyer
before purchase.
Texture assessment, as it relates to
the production of fine particles or
waste from dry, shattery leaf, or to
difficulties in factory ordering and
manufacturing with thick, leathery
leaf, dictates usability.
Slight to moderate blemish levels
may actually improve filling value,
an important economic factor in
cigarette manufacture, yet at
severe and extreme levels, they
may result in the production of
waste.
Usability may be related to end-use,
irrespective of quality; for example,
thick body for pipe tobacco,
because of its ability to withstand
heat and pressure used in the
manufacturing process; and oily,
elastic, often slightly immature leaf,
for wrappers.
SMOKING CHARACTER
As stated above, usability is increasingly
based on chemical levels in
leaf, nicotine, sugars, tar, their
ratios, and preliminary smoking
tests. Such levels, together with
flavor and aroma, vary widely by
countries of origin and plant
position. Usability will be dictated
by current and projected leaf
requirements and stocks of a buyer.
The increasing importance of filtration
and smoke dilution techniques
over the past ten years has affected
choice of leaf and its usability to
ensure acceptable taste, flavor, and
aroma in cigarette blends.
Usability may be based on combustibility,
e.g. chlorine content, or other
chemical contents, known to
produce adverse smoking characteristics.
Leaf with undesirably high pesticide
residues may be usable if it can be
combined in a blend with leaf with
little or no residue; on the other
hand, some residues may render
leaf completely unacceptable
because of health reasons or offtaste
factors.
Usability, and hence price differential,
may relate to the color of the leaf.
Slightly green leaf, often caused by
poor curing, will age well and is
eventually very usable. Immature
green is unusable at almost any
price, because of poor smoking
taste. Slightly red tobacco may be
usable for particular companies,
but deeply scorched leaf has a very
low usability because of poor
smoking characteristics. Equally,
variegated colors, though often
slightly inferior in smoking quality,
are usable at a lower price.
It is important to note thatthe buyer
may sacrifice some elements of
usability to gain another, or others.
Indeed, some leaf can be of extremely
desirable usability, yet have very poor
quality. It should also be pointed out
that some disease-resistant selections,
e.g. those resistant to mosaic,
have satisfactory chemistry and
smoke characteristics, yet because of
their poor looks are discriminated
against in the market.
The international buyer has built up
a knowledge of usability and smoking
quality factors associated with each
country of origin and has designated
to each what might be termed a
'usability index', taking into consideration
both subjective quality and
usability. As a result, he can switch his
orders, according to advanced knowledge
of the climate and other factors,
during a growing season, and meet
his blend specifications at the
cheapest price. On the other hand,
this luxury cannot be achieved where
leaf is purchased only for domestic
manufacture within one country-for
example, Canada - and is limited in
availability. Such a comprehensive
system is less possible; in this case,
the inherent need for developing
suitable varieties and for ensuring
acceptable grower practices cannot
be overemphasized,
FUTURE CONCEPTS
Now a look at usability of tomorrow.
As a result of the continuing
application of many techniques of
chemical, physical, biological and
consumer research in the design of
cigarettes, usability factors are slowly
and steadily changing. It must be
recognized that one cannot define the
ideal, measurable factors which
define acceptable smoking characteristics
as a total entity. They are
dynamic and changing. As one would
expect from the diversity of cigarette
blends smoked, these factors are
what is perceived as being acceptable
by a smoker or group of smokers, or
what they are accustomed to in any
one country. It would appear too, that
abrupt changes in such factors are
unlikely to be acceptable, but can be
achieved in gradual stages, because
smokers can adjust their smoking
regime to obtain the flavor/
satisfaction which they require.
Usability to meet future needs of
the smoking and health situation and
how it could evolve has been discussed
by Dr T. C. Tso and Dr G. I. O.
Gori. They consider that usability has
an additional meaning, that is, the
relative safety and desirability to the
consumer. The ultimate goal would
be to produce a product that meets
the quality criteria for consumer
acceptance, but produces a minimum
amount of, or is free from, undesirable
smoke compounds. A preliminary
model, utilizing selected chemical
and physical markers to measure and
ensure such safety, was postulated.
Dr Tso and Dr J. F. Chaplin have
generated data which can be used to
determine simple correlations and
multiple regressions among all leaf
subjective and objective characteristics;
to establish precursor product
relationships among leaf and smoke
constituents; and to evaluate
possible effects of certain smoke
components on biological responses.
Dr Chaplin, in a series of review
papers, has identified how the
tobacco plant can be genetically
manipulated to meet the future
requirements of the grower, manufacturer
and consumer.
If and when these characteristics
are incorporated in any new varieties,
or cultural practices or field products,
e.g. homogenized leaf curing, the
conception of certain usability criteria
will need to be altered.
PRODUCTION METHODS
On the more practical production
side of the picture, Basil Akehurst has
noted that tobacco is one of the most
tedious crops to produce; that we
may be moving into a cost/price
squeeze; that natural tobacco is
becoming very expensive per unit,
and that there are severe losses right
from the grower to the manufacturer
of the final product. The need to
devise alternative total production
techniques, with acceptable usability,
at a cheaper price and with more efficient
handling, marketing and utilization
of the raw material is therefore
emphasized. In the US and Canada,
concepts such as close-grown and
low-profile tobaccos, together with
modular curing of green-cut tobacco,
while meeting some of these criteria,
have not been entirely successful or
acceptable.
It would be ideal if an order of
priority of acceptable usability criteria
could be devised, such that a price per
unit of quality/usability could be
evaluated and a price equation of
total usability computed. This may
not be feasible, because there are so
many criteria to be taken into
109
World
Tobacco
December 1982
TI56320102

consideration. Nevertheless, it is
envisaged that, in due course, precise
agronomic systems will be
developed, within which, at least
those leaf chemical specifications
which make a major contribution to
the smoke will be laid down, and
crops grown on contract and sold
direct to a buyer. As has occurred in
many industrial processes, there is a
need to look forward to producing a
competitive raw material of a consistent,
homogenous and tailored
composition.
Major questions arise. Are we at a
time fiow, or shall we be very shortly,
when the model image of quality,
referred to above, is difficult to attain
consistently, from any country, under
the techniques of present-day or
projected culture? Are we, in other
words, falling between the two stools
of the so-called quality of yesterday
and the usability of tomorrow?
Indeed, can we manipulate our
cigarette blends to suit consumer
needs in any country with what is
considered lower quality tobacco
(perhaps with added chemical
flavors), yet usable within today's
standards? If so, should we perhaps
modify our model image of quality to
some degree and incorporate some
usability characteristics, as quality
factors?
It is very opportune for all of us to
ill 1
GREENLEAF
THRESHING PLANT
WITH REDRYER
review assessment criteria for leaf
tobacco at this time, so that the
tobacco plant scientist can modify the
varieties and agronomic techniques
to meet the specifications laid down
by the manufacturer on behalf of the
consumer, and at the same time make
it easier and just as profitable for the
grower to cultivate his crop. One
often wonders, for instance, whether
the standards under which cured
experimental tobacco is assessed in
the US through such techniques as
the 'North Carolina Grade Index for
Flue-cured Tobacco' and USDA
Grading Standards, are truly indicative
of the current needs of the
manufacturer. What is the relative
importance of usability versus quality
CORESTA CONGRESS IN THE US
R. J. Reynolds's home town, Winston-
Salem, North Carolina, was rich in
autumnal colours to greet the more
than 350 delegates from 40 countries
attending the CORESTA Symposium,
sponsored by the company at the end
of October.
It had been intended to be a working
meeting without a strong social
dimension; in the event, while
scientific interest was deep in the
wide-ranging, purposeful business
agenda, a flanking programme of
outings and social events provided
in the context of tobacco production?
Dr lain McDonald has suggested
the idea of having 'usability value(s)'
to define manufacturer and consumer
leaf requirements in preference to
quality. Members have agreed that all
the various groups should be
involved in its adjudication, particularly
the user-industrial group. This is
essential.
There is one thing which I hope that
I may have stimulated in this paper. It
is for us to rethink this problem
through. I have no easy answers and
there are none. There is, however, an
urgent need to define the needs of
every person, to speak the same
language, and to know where we are
going.
good opportunities for the informal
out-of-conference-hall exchanges that
make CORESTA gatherings inspirational,
not merely informative. The
smooth-running five-day event was
guided with genialty by Dr. Roy
E. Morse, a senior vice-president of
the host company, who was elected
vice-president of CORESTA's governing
council,
At the final assembly, Dr. Alois
Musil, retiring head of Austria
Tabakwerke, was elected president,
(see profile on page 42)
FOR SALE i\V
RECONSTITUTED
SHEET PLANT
BUILT 1964
CAPACITY 10.000LBS/HR
MANUFACTURER AMF
PRICE $500,000 EX SITE
BUILT 1976
CAPACITY 200LBS/HR
MANUFACTURER PMB
PRICE $500,000 EX SITE
BOTH PLANTS SITED IN KUALA LUMPUR AND
CAN BE PURCHASED AS IS OR PACKED FOR SHIPMENT.
FOR FULL SPECIFICATIONS - LAYOUTS & VIEWING
ARRANGEMENTS CONTACT MR A LOW,
MALAYSIAN TOBACCO CO, KUALA LUMPUR
TELEX MA 30613 TELEPHONE K.L 483066
December 7982 World Tobi ceo 101

TOBACCO FROM BULGARIA
Well known to the experts because tobacco
has been grown in Bulgaria for 300 years.
Highly praised by the experts because of its
permanent excellent qualities.
Much in demand by the experts because it is
being manipulated completely in accordance
to the customer's requirements.
Exclusive exporter: "BULGARTABAC". Sofia
Bid. "Al.Stamboltiski" 14.
Telex: 23288

TOBACCO
IN INDIA
jlfJfJM '""11,5,
kiifiiiOMiiiAaLSd
i l CT'.
1 Special Supplement 1982
TI56320105

104
India's flue-cured Virginia
tobacco is renowned for its
bright colour, low nicotine
content, agreeable flavour,
good burning and easy-toblend
qualities. India kept its
position as the second largest
exporter of Virginia tobacco in
the world, by exporting
90 million kg valued at Rs 1750
million during 1981 82 India's
total exports of tobacco and
tobacco products during
1981-82 are valued at Rs.2150
millions. Discriminating
smokers in 60 countries around
the world including U K.,
U.S.S.R. and Japan enjoy the
pleasure of smoking Indian
tobacco. The Tobacco Board of
India holds the responsibility of
co-ordinating exports, and
ensures stringent quality
control to supply the best to the
foreign buyer.
World
Tobacco
Indian tobacco
for the world marketswith
a stamp of quality.
Committed to the Progress
of Indian Tobacco
Tobacco Board
Gunlor, Andhra Pradesh, India.
December 198.
TI56320106

• •*„• * ••*-*-••**>
Leaf Chemistry:
the way ILTD builds
consumer needs into tobacco leaf
The Indian Leaf Tobacco Development Division
of 1TC—pioneer in the development of Virginia
tobaccos and the flue-curing process in the countryis
India's largest and oldest tobacco exporter.
As well as the only organised body of knowledge
in the private sector. ILTD has built its worldwide
reputation for quality on the sound base of
personalised customer service. This has evolved
from a thorough understanding of consumer needs
and many decades of close involvement with_
tobacco cultivation, from seedbed planting to
curing and processing.
At ILTD, all buying, handling and processing
functions are computerised to maintain
internationally acceptable standards of quality. Two
Green Leaf Threshing Plants installed by ILTD—and
constant Research & Development activities enable
it to continuously gear itself to the changing
needs of world markets.
To find out more about what ILTD can offer you,
write to:
V V ,-
'fifes' .*?«•; • •
:"'-• frir". *w^.%< ..:„!••-
December 1982 World Tobacco 105
TI56320107

., ,^All types of.I^QJMUg*
Buyers and Processdre^l^lar^exper
>4/so African, American and all other
HEAD OFFICE .f-^^^P^Sjft^f^i^a»*o--. -a
efuge Assurance House, Lord Street, Liverpool L2 ITS 051-708 0271 Cawes Gradweir
LONDON OFFICE
110 High Road, Loughton, Essex IG10 4HJ
Telephone: 01-502-1331 Cables: TOBBAKER," Loughton, Essex
•*.**
1*6
World Tobacco December 7982
TI56320108

SELECTIVE BUYING
« FOR THE SPECIAL
m} NEEDS OF QUALITY
^' V + COST CONSCIOUS
^ i CLIENTS IN
• • k 15 COUNTRIES
Bommidala Brothers Ltd
P.p. Box 100, Guntur, 522001, India
Cables: Willing Guntur
Telex: 0471 - 204 - BB - IN
sft^&me.
December 13S2 World To ba ceo

For smoothness..,
for satisfaction...
FILTER
There are many cigarette
brands you can buy.
Some offer smoothness.
Some offer satisfaction.
Only GOLD offers both. For
smoothness and satisfaction,
GOLD has no substitute.
GOLD
has no substitute.
/£ CHARMINAR
GOLD
FILTER
W THE VAZIR SULTAN TQBAOX) G3MBW LIMITED, Hyderabad-India
CASVS-X»-154
108
World Tobacco December 1982
T156320110

POLISETTY
SOMASUNDARAM Private Ltd
TOBACCO Buyers Packers and
Exporters
1
INDIAN Flue-Cured
Sun-Cured
BURLEY TOBACCOS
P. O. BOX : 99 GUNTUR - 522001 (A.P.)
CAiiE : •SUNOARAH'
INDIA
PHONE : 21852,21611
TELEX : 080-215 PSS
TI56320111

' * * > i s m t r J X ' k f ~ A < 6 f c * •
i^PM^^^^~fs&sr^f^^^^^^.
'>,*.
K*
For centuries,serving tobacco has been an art, an expression of beauty and taste. In
hukka, cigar or pipes- and in recent times cigarettes. Today, tissues from
Tribeni are being used for some of the world's leading brands of cigarettes. Verlin,
Verge or Marking Press-Tribeni delivers to exact customer needs. Producing the paper
in the desired width and length. With unfailing regularity. For filters, Tribeni offers
cork-tipping plug wrap and filter base tissues-all tailor made to specific requirements.
Special papers to meet exacting needs.
xecc
TRIBENI TISSUES LIMITED
C».r.cf
TI56320112

The strength of the German
Federal Republic's contingent in
a delegation from Eastern
Europe that toured areas of
tobacco significance in India
recently created considerable
interest because Indian leaf has
so far failed to penetrate the
German market to any degree.
An illustrated report on the visit
is on page 83 of this issue.
The importance of the fluecured
tobacco industry to India
is vividly illustrated twice a day
in Guntur, when theMangalagiri
Road (along which numerous
tobacco merchants have factories)
fills with tens of
thousands of women an their
way to or from hand-stripping
work.
HIGH PRODUCTION POINTS TO
A BUYERS' MARKET
Strange weather in the growing season creates expectation of a plentiful flue-cured crop
coming on the market early in 1983. Our correspondent, P. SESHAGIRI RAO, thinks that
prices could decline a little.
This season's flue-cured Virginia
production in Andhra Pradesh can be
estimated at 135m kg (297m lb) - an
increase of more than 12% on last
season's output. Some 63,800 farmers
applied for Tobacco Board registration
to grow flue-cured this season,
over an area totalling 223,000ha
1551,000 acres); but normally only
about 70% of the area applied for is
planted each year, so the area
actually under production this season
is assumed to be some 155,000ha
(383,000 acres).
DROUGHT NOT ALL BAD
Extreme drought followed the
failure of the south-west monsoon
rains during June to September. With
no water to drink and no fodder for
the cattle, farmers said it was the
worst drought in 40 years. Community
prayers for the rain were
organised. Only one good thing came
out of this early-season crisis: the
dryness kept pests and diseases
low, so there were plenty of healthy
seedlings when transplanting time
came early in October.
Initially, planting was sporadic, in
scorching conditions. A severe
cyclone damaged the crop in the
southern growing area, beyond
Ongole, in mid-October and at least
75% of the area had to be replanted.
On October 25 a downpour in the
Central Kanchikacherla area severely
damaged the planted crop. There was
much re-planting but by the end of
November 70% of the estimated area
December 1982
was under tobacco. Indeed, the fear
was that crop predictions could be
surpassed. Farmers whose other
crops like cotton, ground-nuts etc,
had been damaged in excessive
November rains might be tempted to
plant flue-cured in replacement, as
had happened in the 1977-78 season.
That action had then boosted output
to 165m kg (363m lb), which brought
about serious marketing problems
and depressed prices to farmers. This
time round, however, scarcity of fluecuring
barns could be a restricting
influence; some farmers have been
planting air-cured Burley instead.
The merchants are expecting a
1983 crop 20% bigger than was originally
anticipated. Farmers' costs or
production have moved up
considerably, especially land leases
and barn rents, which have soared in
all areas and jumped even more in the
two Godavary districts in the north.
Since last season, many land leases
have gone up 67% to Rs5,000 per ha
($214, £126 per acre) now. Some
traditionally-dependable lands cost
even Rs6,250 per ha ($268, £158 per
acre). In the central and south area,
land leases have doubled to Rs3,000
per ha ($129, £76 per acre). Barn
leases have gone up by 200%, to
Rs3.000 for the season. The sharp rise
in land and barn leases in the
Godavary districts was due to the
special preference shown by the USSR
(buying nearly 50% of the output of
Andhra) for the bright coloury
tobacco grown in these districts.
World
Tobacco
TOBACCO IN
India
Fertilizer prices show a marginal
increase, but wages for farm labour
have doubled in the last year to Rs16
($1.69, £1) per day for men, while
women's wages have risen 66% to
RslO ($1.06, 62p) per day. The cost of
land preparation by hired bullockdrawn
ploughs and harrows has risen
50% to Rs75 per ha ($3,18, £1.87 per
acre). The cost of harvesting with
contract labour has also advanced
sharply.
The cost outlook in the leaf handling
factories for the coming season is
also worrying. Wages depend on the
turnover of the merchant factories,
the highest being for the coming
season (allowing for extras, provident
fund contributions, leave pay and a
routine bonus) Rs16.97 (S1.80, £1.06)
per day for grading and stemming
employees, plus a further gratuity.
The Mysore crop is growing in
111
TI56320113

popularity with buyers of many
countries. Its original support was
from Britain, but now that enthusiasm
appears to be slowly waning.
Demand from other countries like
Iraq, Egypt, Italy and other European
countries is going up, however.
About 21m kg (46m lb) was produced
last season and it sold at an average
price of Rs12 per kg (58c, 34p per lb).
The new crop is not expected to be
any cheaper, although demand for
less spotted tobacco, except from
Britain, will rise. There may be a shift
in the direction of future expansion in
the area to meet this new demand, if
other measures are not taken to
reduce the degree of spot in the leaf in
the present growing area.
EXPORTS WILL WANE
The total demand for Indian 1983-
crop flue-cured is estimated by the
trade to be around 150m kg (330m lb),
of which about 45m kg (99m lb) will be
needed by home manufacturers. Export
demand will be lower than in the
1981-82 season. China, which bought
some 28m kg (62m lb) in 1981 has
already reduced its offtake to 7.8m kg
(17m lb) this year, due to a big homegrown
crop and buying may further
go down in 1983 if China's domestic
crop continues to be good.
The offtake by Britain, which for
some time had been showing a
steady downward trend, picked up
last season and during the first six
months of the 1982-83 export year, it
was already 13m kg (29m lb); this
trend may continue next year,
although prospects for Britain buying
more of the Karnataka crop are
looking bleak.
USSR TO BUY MORE
The trade expects Italy to buy
strongly this season and it is possible
that this trend will continue in 1983.
The German Democratic Republic, almost
absent from the Indian market
for a long time, has come back in 1982
and placed orders for 1.2m kg (2.6m
lb). Merchants hope that buying will
continue in 1983. Bulgaria is becoming
another big market for Indian fluecured
and Burley tobaccos and Egypt
has of late started purchasing Indian
FCV and Natu tobacco, not directly as
before, but through United Kingdom
and continental leaf merchants. There
is no reason to doubt that they will buy
in 1983. The brightest feature of
India's export trade is, of course, the
spiralling rise in exports to the USSR.
That country took 43m kg (95m lb) in
1982 and is expected to buy 60m kg
(132m lb) in 1983.
But in view of expected overproduction,
the new season may see
a buyers' market, in contrast to the
strong sellers' market in 1981 and
1982. Farmers' prices mav come
down. But the minimum export prices
will be increased by at least 10% and
the new season should be a more
cheerful one for the merchantexporters
than the past one was.
Looking at the world flue-cured
scene from India, 1982 production
seems likely to be not more than 1.5%
above that of 1981, while demand is
rising faster than supply. India is not
therefore afraid of any serious
competition from other exporting
countries like Brazil, Zimbabwe
Malawi, South Korea and Thailand!
Manufacturers which are buying from
the US will continue to do so, though
if prices rise further, US tobacco may
get priced out of the marker 'o' some
customers. India, now ,..; ; .pying
fourth place among world tobacco
exporters (after the US, Brazil and
Zimbabwe) will surely move up the
ladder as its export-quality light soil
tobacco becomes more widely appreciated,
provided that inflationary
trends in the agricultural economy
can be contained and future tobacco
prices do not unduly move upwards.
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN»PAGES»PAGINAS
33-36
INDIAN TOBACCO
ALL TYPES - ALL GRADES
LEAF - HANDS - STRIPS
Established Packers. Redryers and Exporters
AGRIMMCOR PRIVATE LIMITED
Mangalagiri Road, Post Box 15, Guntur - 522001, India
Cable: AGRIMMCOR* Telex: 0471 - 273 AGR* Phone: 22262. 22261
112 World Tobacco
TI56320114

BULGARIAN JOINT VENTURE
TO LIFT BURLEY EXPORTS
India's production and export of Burley tobacco gets a lift from the joint venture to grow
t is type for Bulgartabac. A special correspondent relates the project to India's existing
trade in one of the world's most-wanted tobaccos.
Growing Burley is not new to tobacco
farmers in Andhra Pradesh, the region
of India from which most of the
country's export tobacco comes.
About 3,000ha to 4,000ha (7,400
-es to 9,900 acres) are under Burley
both export and domestic consumption.
Two types of Burley are grown on
two different soil types. One, HDBRG,
is a Brazilian air-cured type similar to
US Maryland tobacco. This type is
also grown in Bulgaria. In Andhra it is
grown on heavy black soils around
Guntur and in another area around
iddalure in the Kurnool district 60
.m (40 miles) from Nandyal. It is also
grown extensively in the Vinukonda
area on light soils.
The second Burley type is KY21,
from Kentucky in the US. This is
grown on light sandy or light laterite
soils in two areas; one is the
Eleswaram district of East Godavari
'•00km (60 miles) from Rajahmundry
- hilly, rolling land cultivated by hill
tribes in small patches during
the south-west monsoon season
(May-June to September-October) as
a rain-fed crop. It is also grown on the
light soils in the Vinukonda area of
Guntur district as a late monsoon
crop. Outside Andhra Pradesh, Burley
21 is also grown in Karnataka, on light
soils in the Gundelpet area, about 60
km (40 miles) from Mysore.
The area planted in all the districts
was less than usual in the 1981-82
season, because of the low prices
realised by the farmers for the
previous crop. But there was a sudden
spurt in demand for the 1982 crop,
due to several enquiries from overseas,
notably from the European
Economic Community. The primary
market got excited, competition
mounted and prices began to shoot
up. The maximum price, which had
been hardly Rs5.00 per kg (24c, 14p
per lb) for the 1981 crop advanced
early in the season and quickly rose to
double the opening level. It finally
climbed to Rs11.00 per kg (53c, 31 p
per lb), which became the average
price at the end of the season. Burley
farmers made good profits. This
naturally gave a boost to the area
planted for the 1982-83 season. Trade
estimates place that area at 8,000ha
(19,800 acres), of which one-third will
be on light soils and the rest will be
HDBRG from heavy black soils.
This is the background to the Indo-
Bulgarian joint venture project for
growing Burley tobacco in India, which
developed after a four-man delegation
from Bulgartabac visited India in
January 1981.
A specimen of HDBRG, the Burley variety
introduced by the ILTD division of the
India Tobacco Co.
All the areas of production of both
the HDBRG and Burley 21 varieties
had initially been promoted by the
research wing of the ILTD Division of
India Tobacco Co, the country's largest
tobacco manufacturer, which
TOBACCO IN
India
introduced the HDBRG seed into
Indian agriculture from Brazil. Among
them, the 2,500ha (6,200 acre) light
soil area for Burley 21 in the
Eleswaram district and parts of the
Vinukonda, Giddalure, and Guntur
districts for HDBRG this season, were
all developed exclusively by ILTD,
originally by deploying their supervisory
and research staff to teach the
farmers how to grow the crop. After
cultivation got established, a few
other merchants moved in and started
bonding the farmers to grow the crop
on the promise that they would buy
the tobacco. The Central Tobacco
Research Institute opened a small
sub-station at Jaddangi in the
Eleswaram area, to develop Burley
production after ILTD demonstrated
that the area had a large potential for
growing good export-quality Burley.
Now ILTD is planning to develop
another area, Chintapalli, 60km (40
miles) from Jaddangi, at a higher
altitude and with a cooler climate. The
CTRI is preparing to move the
Jaddangi station to the Chintapalli
area. It had been also ILTD's initial
efforts that developed the light soil
areas of Andhra and Karnataka for
growing superior quality, exportstyle
flue-cured Virginia.
The joint venture scheme, which
has government approval, subject to
Cables & Grams: "ESSENCO" Phones: Off: 559 & 618
MADDI SATYANARAYANA AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED
Tobacco Dealers, Redriers & Exporters
Regd. Office: Municipal Office Road
Tel: GUNTUR 24276
P.B. No: 22, CHILAKALURtPET - 522616. Guntur Dist. A. P. S. INDIA
Factories: GUNTUR & ONGOCE
Telex: 0471 238 MSCOJN
December 1982 World Tobacco 113
TI56320115

certain conditions such as the bonding
of the factory where the tobacco is
handled and packed, envisages the
visit of Bulgarian experts to India
Pending formation of the operating
company, however, the graduate field
supervisors of Sri Jayalakshmi
Tobacco Co are at present guiding the
tobacco growers, using some Bulgarian
techniques. That company is
standing surety to the banks who are
lending monies to the farmers for
growing the crop and constructing
temporary curing sheds.
HDBRG is normally sun-cured in
India; Buriey for Bulgaria will be
shade-dried, the curing racks being
covered by polythene cloths or
palmyra leaves.
During the past season Bulgaria
bought from India 175,000kg (385,000
lb) of Buriey produced under the joint
venture scheme as well as 0.5m kg
(1.1m lb) of old-crop Buriey. It is proposed
to continue the joint venture
scheme on the same scale in the new
season, as Bulgartabac seems to
have found this Indian Buriey quite
good value for money; it likes the
tobacco's elastic texture and somewhat
high nicotine level.
Once the joint venture company, in
Stringing primed
'
leaves of Buriey.
preparatory to their
curing in the sheds
seen in the
background of this
picture.
the name Indo Bulgarian Tobacco Co,
is registered under Indian law, Bulgartabac
will send a field technician to
advise and teach Indian farmers and
fill the gaps, if any, in the know-how at
present available in India. It is also
proposed to import agricultural
machinery from Bulgaria relevant to
growing Buriey.
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN«PAGES«PAGINAS
33-36
In addition to export customers, all
the domestic manufacturers of India
use some Buriey in their blends,
including Golden Tobacco, which has
a development programmefor Buriey
in the Eleswaram area. But 65% of the
nearly-doubled Buriey output expected
this season is meant for
export; only the minor part will be
used domestically.
The authorities welcome the Indo
Bulgarian scheme since it will create
export demand for a variety of tobacco
other than Virginia flue-cured. This
100% export-oriented project aims to
develop the area of production in a
phased programme to reach a target
of at least 1,000 ha (2,740 acres)
within five years.
DffiRELL
BROTHERS
INCORPORATED
(U.K. BRANCH)
SPECIALISING IN INDIAN
TOBACCOS OF ALL VARIETIES
DIBRELL HOUSE, 57 HIGH STREET,
ODIHAM, HANTS, RG25 iLF. U.K.
Telephone: (025671) 3242 & 3466 Telex: 858268 DIBBRO G
Branch of Dibrell Brothers Incorporated,
Danville. Virginia, U.S.A.
Dibrell Brothers S.A., 8-10 Rue de Hesse,
1204 Geneva. Switzerland. Telephone: 21-02-00
114
World Tobacco December T±tS.
TI56320116

ENCOURAGING EXPORT TREND
IN HOOKAH TOBACCO PASTE
Middle East countries provide a rising market for prepared hookah tobacco made in India.
SHYAM SUNDAR KANSAL explains why smoking of this type of tobacco is popular and
explains how it is manufactured for home and export sale.
It was perhaps with the dawn of the
12th Century that the hookah or water
pipe* appeared in India, with the
invading Moguls from Iran and
Turkey. Hookah smoking has been an
established practice in most of the
Arab world and other Muslim
countries since time immemorial.
Ancient Indian paintings depict the
great Mogul emperors with their
famous hookahs. Apart from being a
royal pastime, the hookah provided a
means of smoking tobacco for others,
although the custom was then
confined to the uppermost strata of
society.
POPULARITY SPREAD
It was about two centuries ago that
hookah smoking also became an
activity of the lower classes of society.
However, it maintained its distinction
and status among the elite, who
smoked brass hookahs in fabulous
designs and used expensivelyflavoured
tobacco paste. Every drawing
room used to have at least one
masterly-crafted hookah, the air
being filled with pleasing tobacco
aromas.
Connoisseurs can tell from a
distance whether the hookah tobacco
paste being smoked in a home is a
product of Lucknow or Bulandshahr.
Tobacco from each city has its special
aroma and distinguishing between
them is notdifficultforthe enthusiast.
The hookah has a metallic (usually
brass) water-pot at its base. A small
tobacco-container is linked to it
The writer is export executive of
Nyader Mai Reoti Saran, the
Bulandshahr manufacturer of the
smoking material he describes
here.
*the water pipe goes under various
other names in certain parts of the
world, including 'hubble-bubble'
and 'nargi/eh'.
through a pipe, the lower part of
which is submerged in water. One or
more long exhaust tubes, attached to
this water-pot, are sucked by the
smokers and if there are several tubes
the corresponding number of people
can smoke simultaneously from one
pipe.
Tobacco is put in the hookah in the
form of a paste, which gives off
smoke when ignited. The smoke
passes first through the water, which
washes out of it excess amounts of tar
and nicotine; carbon monoxide is
also dissolved out during the transit
of the smoke through this aquaticfilter
and the temperature of the
smoke falls considerably in the
process. The filtered smoke then
passes from the water chamber,
along the tube to the smoker's mouthpiece,
where it provides a soothing
experience and a lasting satisfaction
to the consumer.
The art of preparing hookah
tobacco paste is an old one. The paste
is a blend of several qualities of
tobacco grown in various types of
soils, depending on its intended
flavours. It is finely ground, sieved
and mixed with prepared molasses,
the sugar content of the molasses
being the basic element in its flavour,
after fermentation, besides having a
sweetening effect on what otherwise
would be a rather bitter tobacco
smoke. To enrich hookah smoke and
flavour it, molasses is aged with rosepetals,
apples and other flowers and
fruits, in controlled environmental
conditions. It takes at least six months
to prepare this khamira of flowers and
fruits.
PASTE EXPORTED
Good-quality hookah tobacco paste
is prepared from the lamina of Gadia-
Chura tobacco from Gujarat state,
Kampala tobacco of Uttar Pradesh
state and Murhan tobacco grown in
the Indo-Nepal border region. In
cheaper pastes, the stems and stalks of
these tobaccos are also used.
Although Indian hookah paste enjoys
a good following abroad, these
tobaccos are not yet exported in the
unmanufactured state; it is in the
prepared form that they reach the
MITTAPALLI AUDINARAYANA & Co.
LEAF TOBACCO DEALERS, REDRYERS & EXPORTERS
P.B. 3I5 GUNTUR 522.004 SOUTH INDIA
Cables: QUALITY TELEPHONE 21963 Telex: 0471-213-MA
REDRYING PLANT A T SINGARA YAKONDA
December 798? World Tobacco 115
T156320117

Drying hookah tobacco leaves in West Bengal prior to curing; the tobacco is left out in the
open and on the ground for four days.
markets throughout the Arabian gulf
and in Egypt, where it is fashionable
in the form of JurakShahi El-Baran.
In commerce, manufactured
hookah paste is in semi-solid form,
presented either in 1166g (2.6lb)
consumer packs or in 18.656kg
(41.041b) bulk packs. Some importers
prefer bulk packing, for re-packing
according to their market requirements.
Consumer packs are either
machine-made tins or polypropelene
sachets. About 20g (0.7oz) of hookah
paste is consumed at a time, this one
measure being enough to keep a
water pipe going for 25 min.
Hookah is a socially-accepted way,
of smoking in otherwise conservative,
religious and prohibitionist
areas of Indian culture. In Muslim
states like Saudia Arabia, where
cigarettes and alcohol are frowned
upon, hookah tobacco is nevertheless
regarded as a necessity of daily life. A
guest is welcomed with hookah; the
best hotels and restaurants have
hookah shops, just as they have
coffee shops. Even rural women-folk
have been observed smoking this
way, while cigarettes or any other
kind of manufactured tobacco would
be unthinkable for them. The younger
generation of the Indian urban population
has stopped using hookah, due
to western influence, but the rural
population (70% of the total in India)
still enjoys this leisurely smoke. Exact
figures of domestic consumption are
not available.
RISING EXPORTS
The consumption trends outside
India are quite encouraging. Saudia
Arabia is the major importer of
hookah tobacco from India (and other
sources). Sizeable exports go also
from India to Egypt, the Yemen Arab
Republic, Qatar, Bahrain, Dubai,
Kuwait and Oman. Currently, hookah
UBERSETZUNCEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN»PAGES»PAGINAS
33-36
tobacco paste is equally patronised
by the general populace and by royal
families in these oil-rich countries, the
richer people naturally favouring the
best qualities of hookah paste, which
may contain very expensive aromatic
herbs. The rising export trend
suggests that the Middle East has vast
market potential. A comprehensive
survey of the most literate and financially
well-placed Arab customers has
identified the main reason for their
using hookah tobacco as being that
they see it as the scientific way of
smoking, and less harmful in every
respect in comparison to cigarettes,
cigars or pipes of the western kind.
WIDE POTENTIAL
Indian exporters of prepared
hookah tobacco have recently had
some inquiries by certain British and
American companies for their
product. This is seen as an indication
that, if properly marketed with expert
advertising and demonstrations,
there may be no reason that this royal
smoke will not catch the fancy of
health-conscious Europeans and
Americans.
Indian statistics show that in February
and March of this year, wholesale
prices of Kampala hookah tobacco in
the markets of Uttar Pradesh were a
little above Rs450 per 100kg
(US22.5c, 12.5pperlb).
Last year (1981), exports of hookah
tobacco paste were 66% by weight of
all Indian tobacco exports of manufactured
tobacco and 32% of those
total exports by value (the unit value
of cigarettes being much higher).
Hookah tobacco paste exports last
year were 5.66m kg (12.45m lb) valued
at Rs41.6m ($4.58m, £2.54m> - an
increase on the total for the previous
year of 30% by weight and 41% by
value. The 1981 average unit export
value of hookah tobacco paste was
Rs7.35perkg(81cor37pperlb),these
average values having risen 11%
since the year before.
LEADING INDIAN TQBjfOpC^XPORTERS
NAVA BHARA TWtlEflPRISES
LIMITED Ml
An Export House fecpMffl
t edm&?f&3Giovemment of India
GUNTUR-S^K
Cables: NAVE5J3£ft6Qsll 3£KfELEX 0471 -227 Telex 0471 -227
116
World Tobacco December T9S7
TI56320118

NON-TRADITIONAL TOBACCOS:
WHAT SCOPE FOR TRADE ?
India does a little export trade in tobaccos other than flue-cured. A Special Correspondent
examines the nature of this trade and wonders how it might be increased.
It is right that India's international
renown in the tobacco business
is founded on its flue-cured
Virginia export trade. For exports of
this type far exceed, in volume and
even more in value, exports of the
various minor tobacco types that
figure in the country's external trade.
Nevertheless, trade in tobaccos other
than flue-cured leaf tend to total
around 25% of all tobacco trade,
making the non-flue-cured types far
from negligible.
FIGURES MISLEADING
Export records, dominated by fluecured,
do not mirror the product mix
in the totality of Indian tobacco
production, because some types
grown in great quantities are almost
entirely consumed within India. Thus,
for example, production of bidi
tobacco last year was estimated to
have been 55% greater than total
flue-cured production; but exports of
this type are tiny as compared with
flue-cured exports.
Of increasing significance in Indian
export trade are exports of what is
termed 'tobacco waste, including
stalks and stems'. Trade in such
material was negligible in 1978-79 but
shot up to almost 5m kg (11m lb) in the
following year (the last complete year
for which official statistics - always
far in arrears in India -are available).
HUGE HOME DEMAND
Dominance of the export trade by
flue-cured could obscure the enormous
scale of tobacco production in
India, which consumes at home
around 80% of its average annual
production of some 450m kg (990m
lb). A huge part of total production is
in hookah or chewing tobacco
(around 26% of aggregate output);
natu country tobacco (7.5%); and
cigar and cheroot tobacco (5%); there
a re also other types, of which Bu rley -
discussed in the article on page 113-
could become of special international
interest.
Most of the minor types of tobacco
grown in India have some export
trade, though it is often quite small
and, broadly speaking, does not have
the broad geographical dispersion of
flue-cured; moreover, some of this
tobacco is almost entirely exported in
manufactured, rather than raw leaf,
form. During 1981, apart from 2.49m
kg (5.48m lb) of cigarettes being
exported, India shipped to foreign
countries 279,000kg (614,0001b) of
TOBACCO IN
India
VISWABHARAT AGRO PRODUCTS PVT., LTD.
TOBACCO PACKERS AND
EXPORTERS OF ALL VARIETIES
OF INDIAN TOBACCO
MANAGALAGIRI ROAD
POST BOX 47
GUNTUR-522001 • INDIA
Telephone: 23655 & 21333
Cables: VISVBHARAT
December 1982 Wo rid Toba ceo 117
TI56320119

idis, a great weight of prepared
hookah tobacco paste (see article on
page 115). and minor quantities of
chewing tobacco, snuff, Zarda
scented tobacco and other finished
products (There is also a big export
trade in the leaves of the tendu bush,
which is the wrapper for bidis; more
than 4m kg (9m lb) are exported in an
average year, but as this material is
not tobacco - the bidi tobacco goes
inside this outer wrapping -
discussion of tendu leaf trade is not
directly relevant here.)
LIMITED MARKETS
While Virginia flue-cured is
exported to about 40 countries,
exports of bidi tobacco are mere
circumscribed: it goes to Pakistan and
UBERSETZUNCEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN»PAGES«PAGINAS
33-36
Middle East countries, in quantities
that lately have been falling sharply
Sun-cured natu goes to Britain and
continental Europe, supposedly for
use in pipe tobaccos. Burley is
exported for cigarette use to Britain,
Western Europe and Bulgaria.
Hookah tobacco - a type strongly
preferred in ready-to-use (manufactured)
form - goes to Arab countries
in a large branch of commerce discussed
elsewhere in this issue.
The use in exports of what
is
termed 'tobacco waste' .s
interesting Britain is asking for th--
supply of 20°i, stems and stem piece=
in addition to its imports of tobacco .n
leaf form Some of it will go inf.,
reconstituted sheet and some moredirectly
into cigarette blends. Indian
exporters see big scope for exports of
this material in the future.
HOME-GROWN PROBLEMS
What holds back trade in types
other than flue-cured to aroend 3°: of
total tobacco exports? Exporters
believe the problem is mainly a
domestic one, both in production and
marketing. Most of the varieties
involved, like the Virginia grown on
the black soils of Andhra, are planted
in October and November, harvested
in January and February and cured ir
open racks under the sun. The bidi
tobacco is stalk cut and cured on the
ground; the cured product is in the
form of flakes called 'bhuka' while all
the other varieties are sold by the
farmer in the form of leaf, sometimes
tied into bundles (chewing tobacco,
for example) of 10 to 12 leaves.
Kingstons House. 15 Coombe Road. Kingston upon Thames. Surrey KT27AB, Englard
Telephone 01-549 7677. Telex 266780-Answerbackunleaf
Cable: ULTOCO. Kingston upon Thames. England.
TOO MUCH BIDI TOBACCO
Production of bidi tobacco is going
up far beyond demand and the
farmers are every year agitating
against what they describe as exploitation
by the merchants both in
respect of low prices as well as of nonpayment
of monies. They are even
urging the government to set up a
separate control board for bidi
tobacco, since the present Tobacco
Board's dominant preoccupation is
flue-cured Virginia. Whether that
could restrain over-production in a
free-market economy, with controls
difficult to enforce, is open to
question.
Sun-cured Virginia, sun-cured natu
and Burley tobaccos are all exported
by the flue-cured tobacco exporters of
Andhra; other tobaccos are exported
by merchants in Bombay, Delhi and
Calcutta. India makes practically no
export promotion effort on a national
scale for types other than flue-cured,
apart from the marketing efforts of
individual merchant exporters and
manufacturers.
LITTLE INITIATIVE
One reason could be that trade in
types other than flue-cured tends to
be sporadic, so far as concerns
traders outside Andhra. They are
called 'fair-weather exporters', responding
to inquiries from abroad
but seldom taking a marketing initiative
themselves. If export orders
result from sending samples and
quotations in response to inquiries,
so be it; if business does not result, so
be it also.
One foreign observer of the Indian
lis World Tob a ceo Dece^bc- '9fi?
TI56320120

scene thinks the time is r'pe for a
serious, professional study of present
and potential foreign demand for
types of Indian tobacco other than
flue-cured, to determine, for each
type, what scope (if any) exists for
developing its external trade. Such a
study could serve as a basis for a
systematic, purposeful production
and export programme. In this observer's
view, the present situation of
non-flue-cured trade calls for some
degree of central inspiration, if not
direction, of production, marketing
and exporting, which are at present all
too fragmented for their own good.
Bid/ tobacco is a
popular crop grown
extensively in
Gujarat, Mysore and
Maharastra states.
RE-THINK ON AUCTION PLAN
Auction selling of Indian flue-cured
will start, on a trial basis, in Karnataka
next season, with extension to the
larger, more easterly Virginia production
area being in mind for later.
Planning has now reached an
advanced stage. Sales in five centres
are envisaged; they will have a total
of eight auction platforms, serving
about 2,000 growers per platform.
A start in the smaller of the main
regions of India where flue-cured is
grown was decided on because the
Karnataka production area is more
compact and easily manageable than
Andhra. Andhra's growing area
stretches nearly 400km (250 miles)
along the country's south-eastern
coastal belt from Rajahmundry in the
north to Nellore in the south.
The scheme, which originally had a
1982 starting date in mind, envisaged
setting up eight or nine auction
platforms at the most important
marketing centres where there are
concentrations of tobacco production.
In the first phase, use of the
existing facilities of the Mysore
Tobacco Co is proposed, including
the company's buying platforms and
storage premises, as well as similar
facilities of other leaf exporters operating
in Karnataka. Simultaneously it
was proposed to develop the Tobacco
Board's own platforms and other
facilities. The financial implications
for starting the auctions in the 1982
season were also worked out and put
to the government.
The plan did not evoke favourable
reaction from the government, which
felt that it would be better to start on a
more permanent footing than use of
borrowed premises would imply,
even if that meant delay.
So the Tobacco Board, agreeing
with the government view, drew up
plans for constructing permanent
auction platforms at convenient
points, taking into consideration their
proximity to growing area, transport
facilities and the operational convenience
of the merchants who would
place buyers at all the auctions.
A study team from the Tobacco
Board has been in the US, Canada
and Zimbabwe to examine their
grading and auction systems. India
decided that the auction system of US
and Zimbabwe will be more suitable
to its conditions than that of Canada
and a further visit to the Zimbabwe
auctions resulted in a confirmatory
decision that this system was the best
model for India.
It is proposed to set up a separate
division in the Tobacco Board to
conduct the auctions and to send
supervisory cadre officers to Zimbabwe
or the US for training. The
Exporting all varieties of INDIAN TOBACCOS
services of foreign experts might, it
has been suggested, be secured on
contract to start the auction operations
and simultaneously to train
Indian personnel of the Tobacco
Board. That might avoid the mistakes
of 20 years ago, when the state
government of Andhra Pradesh introduced
auction sales of flue-cured in
the Guntur district.
Thinking at that time was that, as
other commercial crops like groundnuts
and chillies were being sold
successfully by auction in the market
yards (as they are now), no difficulty
would be encountered in selling one
more commercial crop, like tobacco.
The government of India sent an
expert for a year's study of production,
grading and auction marketing in
the US in 1953, but by the time he got
back, the auctions had been suspended.
It had become clear that
tobacco auction selling was different
from auctioning other commodities.
The Tobacco Board is therefore keen
that once auctions are introduced,
even if the start is delayed for a few
years more, the operation will
succeed and give no scope for regret.
The reaction of the farmers is
mixed. They entertain fears that they
may not get a competitive price when
all the buyers are active at one
platform, instead of each having his
Buyers, Packers & Exporters
Now offer full threshing facilities
M . L.
MAPPI LAKSHMAI AH & Co. Pvt. Ltd.
BUYERS, PACKERS AND EXPORTERS
P.O. B. No. 18.
CHILAKALURIPET 522616 Dist. Guntur, INDIA
CABLES' MADOtS TELEX: 080-234
December 1982 World Tobacco 119
TI56320121

Varieties handled:
Flue-cured
Virginia
Sun-cured
Virginia
Sun-cured Country
Natu and Burley
Gogineni Kanakaiah, Chairman
Rayapati Sambasiva Rao, Managing Director
Dandamudi Krishna, Director
Rayapati HanumanthaRao, Director.
Sri Jayalakshmi Tobacco Company
Private Limited
Growers, Redriers and Exporters
Redrying factories: Guntur and Chilakaluripeta
Phones: Office 21924, 24380
Phones: Resd. 22237, 24000, 21566, 24244
Grams: "GOGINENI"
Telex 0471-277
Regd. Office Tobacco Colony
Post Box No. 6
GUNTUR - 522001 (South India)
leading
manufacturer of
primary
tobacco
processing machinery
in south-east asia
COMPRESSED TOBACCO CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS.
AUTO FEEDS iru. ,. .. „t
TOBACCO CONDITIONING CYLINDERS
COMPLETE THRESHING PLANTS • • , .
• •.if u; K ' l! "'.V Ui "" ,i • :.
VIBRATORY CONVEYORS
BAND CONVEYORS
AIR-LIFTS
CLEANING b CLASSIFYING PLANTS
DRIERS AND COOLERS
BLENDING BINS
REDRIERS
BALING PRESSES
STEM FLATTENING MACHINES ETC.
JOHIS/ FOWLER ///VtJ/Sj
L/M/TJEa
factory b ailice SMJAPUR ROAD BANGatORE 560 031 IV0U
120 World Tobi December .'.-

'irafa.. *»-^i.-i.
Purchase platforms of tobacco merchants in Karnataka are
serviceable but unsophisticated at present. The Tobacco Board
has something altogether more elaborate in mind for auction
sales in permanent premises.
own individual buying point. Bargaining over price for one
farmer's lot of tobacco would not be possible at an auction
and farmers also fear understandings among buyers over
maximum prices.
The merchants favour early introduction of auctions
since that system would allow them to buy only the
lots they want, instead of, as now, run-of-the-crop
assortments that include some unwanted leaf. The
bankers are agreeable to -making the necessary finance
available to merchants, to pay the farmers after each sale.
Auctions would enable the banks to recoup, through the
merchants, the production loans given to farmers, again
through the intermediary of the merchants.
The auction sale project provides for a governmental
agency to take up leaf that does not realise a minimum
price, paying to farmers initially 70% or 80% of what they
eventually would get.
Some in India who applaud the Tobacco Board initiative
on auctions, with a start in Karnataka, feel that the Board
could well start work now on planning to extend the
system into the northern light soil area of Andhra; the
marketing season there would follow that of Karnataka
and the auction personnel could gainfully be used for
more of each year.
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Phone: 21421/22/23
Telex: 041-7364
Branches:
Kakinada & Guntur
SOPHRIlimLn
EHPORTS
3
ist^pQaali^^nd Service
December 1982 World Tobacco 121
TI56320123

MONOPOLY PATRONAGE OF
FINE ARTS IN AUSTRIA
The tobacco monopoly, heir to the sponsorship responsibilities formerly discharged by
private patrons, naturally aids music; but there is also help for the graphic arts, the theatre
and literature, as our Vienna correspondent relates.
It is nowadays commonplace in many
countries for sponsorship by tobacco
companies and monopolies to take
on a cultural dimension. In contrast to
sports sponsorship, which associates
product brand names with individual
sports (the raw commercialism often
being highly visible), sponsorship of
the fine arts tends to be more subtle.
Pianist Jorg Demus at the new Haydn
concert hall in Hamburg.
The sponsoring name is usually that
of the tobacco business or monopoly,
rather than that of a product. Moreover,
the very nature of cultural
events often ensures that any crude
pursuit of publicity in an artistic
environment would not be possibleeven
if considerations of good taste
did not rule out vulgarity anyway.
TAKING A LEAD
One of the world's more elaborate
and pervasive programmes of
cultural sponsorship is currently that
of Austria Tabakwerke. which is
taking up more and more responsibility
for the cultural development of a
country that already has a great
artistic heritage. This activity covers
all the main modes of cultural expression.
Classical music is possibly the most
internationally-important. For the
122
past five years, AT has been organising
open-air Schubert galas in the
lovely courtyard of its headquarters
building in Vienna. (The house where
Franz Schubert was born is only a few
minutes' walk away.) World-famous
artists take part in these concerts
every September, and they are broadcast
on TV and radio. Another
Schubert festival, at Hohenems in the
Vorarlberg province of Austria, is
partly sponsored by AT.
HAYDN ANNIVERSARY
With fine music in mind, AT has
transformed the canteen of its most
modern factory at Hainburg, on the
Danube, into a concert hall which is
the venue thisyear of a Joseph Haydn
festival. Next year is the 250th anniversary
of the birth of Haydn, who
went to school in Hainburg.
Ensembles and individual musicians
of world status perform in Hainburg -
some going directly there from the
Salzburg Festival. A number of these
performances are sponsored by AT
and broadcast on the radio.
Also helped by the same sponsor is
a series of Belvedere Serenades,
which started at the end of June in a
baroque Viennese palace. Further
concerts, which will each present to
the public a talented young instrumentalist
or singer, will take place in
palaces in the various provinces of
the country.
POPULAR SUPPORT
Pop music is also catered for,
through the Milde Sorte club, in all
parts of the country. There are further
musical events at the various exhibitions
and fairs where AT is represented.
Literature also enjoys AT largesse,
with prominent actors giving readings
from famous authors and poets
at AT events. For example, there were
readings from Anatol by Arthur
Schnitzler (the Viennese fin de siecle
doctorand playwright who was under
the spell of Sigmund Freud) at the
UBERSETZUNGEN
TRADUCTIONS
TRADUCCIONES
SEITEN«PAGES«PAGINAS
33-36
World
Tobacco
'The Medici's don't exist any more, so a
leading role in cultural sponsorship has to
be taken over by those who have leadership
in other fields', says Or Beppo
Mauhart, deputy director-general of
Austria Tabakwerke, Austria's thirdlargest
business in terms of turnover.
launching of the new Anatol cigar. AT
has a programme of purchase of
books of current Austrian literature
for presentation to public libraries,
with suitable ex libris plates.
In another field of the arts, the
recently re-opened Tobacco Museum
is expanding its unique collection of
objets d'art relating to smoking and
tobacco culture: a recent acquisition,
at nearly Sch2m ($1.14m, £670,000),
was an early 19th Century picture by
Waldmuller. There is encouragement
for contemporary artists, too: the
Milde Sorte calendar annually
commissions design work from some
young artist. Other sponsorships in
this field have lately included a book
on the artist Adolf Frohner, produced
in collaboration with a Salzburg
publishing house, and the presentation
to the public (as a contribution to
city beautification) of a huge outdoor
picture on the exterior wall of a house.
There is further AT sponsorship for
many theatre groups in the country,
as well as for a summer theatre
festival in Laxenburg castle, near
Vienna.
December
i$S.
TI56320124

New brand: Ban's cigarettes,
new from the Turkish State
Monopolies, are available for
export. An aromatic cigarette
manufactured from a blend
of Turkish tobacco, it is
85mm x 7.6mm with a
25mm filter and cork-type
tipping decorated with a gold
band. Soft packs of 20
cigarettes are blue with a
white motif, and some of the
wording is also in white. A
pack retails in Turkey for
TL65.00 (38c, 22p).
Manufacturer: Turkish
State Monopolies
New versions:
Another three
versions have been
added to the Vantage
cigarette brand -
85mm-long Vantage
Ultra Lights Menthol,
Vantage Ultra Lights
100s Menthol and
Vantage 100s
Menthol. The two new
ultra lights versions
that were introduced
in July have tar
delivery ratings of
5mg, and the third
innovation, which
went on sale in
September, is rated at
9mg. Usual Vantage
pact styling has been
retained for the new
versions, which bring
the number of the
brand's variations to
eight.
Manufacturer: Ft. J.
Reynolds Tobacco
NEW
BRANDS
AND
PACKS
NETHERLANDS AND EXPORT
HA VANA ESPECIALES
New brand: As well as being for home market
consumption, new Havana Especiales cFgars
are available for export. This 118mm-long x
12.4mm-diametermild cigaruses natural leaf
for its binder and wrapper. Flat, 10-piece backhinged
boxes are predominantly brown and
yellow and bear the picture of a panther. They
sell in the Netherlands for NF15.10 ($1.84,
£1.09).
Manufacturer: Panter Sigarenfabrieken
UNITED STATES
VANTAGE
VANTAGE
ULTRALIGHTS
-lOOs
-MENTHOL-
'J--3 .C-s* Vj? !
Seven Stars
'.J-.SA»K»ii.
$".
GERMAN FEDERAL
REPUBLIC
MAVERICK
New brand: New Maverick
cigarette tobacco has been
introduced to coincide with the
tax-induced swing to self-rolling
in Germany. This Americanblend,
aromatic fine-cut tobacco
is said to be suitable both for
machine-rolling with filter tips
as well as hand-rolling. Eyecatching
pouches and tins in
red, white and blue extend the
American imagery with stars,
stripes and an eagle. Forty
grams (1.4oz) in a pouch,
enough for about 40 cigarettes,
retail at DM3.50 ($1.37,81 p), and
10Og (3.5oz) tins with ring-pull
lids and reusable covers are
DM8.40 ($3.29, £1.95).
Manufacturer:
Tabakwerke,
Austria
Germany
PHILIPPINES
SEVEN STARS LIGHTS
New brand: Japanese preference
for compound filters is
reflected in a cigarette that was
recently launched in Manila, and
which is being made under
licence from the Japan Tobacco
and Salt Public Co (JTC). Seven
Stars Lights are 85mm x 8mm
and have 20mm filters -10mm
of acetate and 10mm of
activated charcoal in crepe -
with white tipping that has one
row of perforations and two
grey bands for decoration. The
filtration system produces tar
and nicotine deliveries of 14mg
and 0.7mg respectively and,
according to JTC, makes Seven
Stars Lights the first'low tar and
nicotine' cigarettes in the
Philippines. They sell for Pe3.20
(39c, 22p) in soft packs of 20 that
are embellished with rows of
gold stars on a white background.
The brand name is in
white, set against a blueground.
and the word Lights, also in
white, is given special treatment
by placing it inside a gold box,
which in turn is set into the blue
ground.
Manufacturer:
Tobacco Co
Columbia
December 1982 World Tobacco 123
TJ56320125

EGYPT
S/NA
New brand: Sina cigarettes are being offered to smokers in a direct challenge to successful, imported brands such
as Rothmans. Sina is an all-Virginia blend, 100mm x 7.9mm with a 25mm acetate filter and cork-type tipping
decorated with a gold band. Soft packs of 20 are two-tone blue with white lettering, mainly in Arabic script but with
the brand name also in Latin script and a few terms in English. The packs are cellophane over-wrapped with red tear
strips. At EE0.47 (56c, 33p) Sina sells for well under the EE0.95 (S1.14,68p) price of comparable imports.
Manufacturer: Eastern Co
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC
ROTHMANS PALL MALL EXPORT
New brand: A hand-rolling tobacco
new to the German market is being
offered in 50g pouches and lOOg
circulartins with ring-pull openers.
Both the pouches, which retail at
DM3.15 ($1.32, 74p) each, and the tins,
which retail at DM6.20 ($2.60, £1.45)
each, are sealed to preserve the aroma
of Rothmans Pall Mall Export's
American-blend fine-cut tobacco. Filter
tips and cigarette-rolling machines are
being offered under the same brand
name.
Manufacturer: Martin Brinkmann
NETHERLANDS-EXPORT
KENTUCKY KINGS
New brand; Kentucky Kings cigars
are fitted with a device called a
biter strip to help prevent break-up
ot tobacco in the mouths of
smokers given to chewing. This is
one element of the American
styling of these new cigars, created
for export to the Middle East and
France. They are 155mm x 13.7mm
and have pierced, uncut mouthends.
Rolled with homogenised
binders and natural Connecticut
wrappers and enlivened with a little
flavouring, Kentucky Kings are,
according to the makers, mild yet
full-flavoured cigars. They sell in
flat, red packs of six.
Manufacturer:
Wintermans
Henri
BENSOX~*HBtiGES
BRITAIN
BENSON & HEDGES
LONGER LENGTH
New version: A longer version has been added to
Britain's top-selling cigarette brand family, Benson
& Hedges Special Filter. Called Benson 8c Hedges
Longer Length, the new filter cigarette is 100mm
long and is rated in the low-to-middle tar category.
Pack styling recalls, without precisely imitating the
familiar king-size design; the 100mm hinge-lid box
carries an embossed calligraphic 'Benson &
Hedges' along its length. Its initial launch was
regional, at a recommended retail price of £1.07
($1.80).
Manufacturer:
Gal la her
INDIA
REGENT SPECIAL
New brand: Smokers of kingsize
Regent Special may
choose between packs of 10
and 20 cigarettes when buying
this new brand. It is
83mm < 7.9mm and has an
11mm filter. Hinge-lid packs
of 20 sell for Rs6 00162c.
37p).
Manufacturer:
Agro Industries
Tobacco Co)
Duncans
(National
124 World Tobacco December 1982

News from ANH
! w
A****
If s worth a test! We at ANH are specializing in tobacco flavors and
casings and we offer you full insider-service and cooperation on a
strictly confidential basis. Why not send us samples of your
tobaccos, and let us try to upgrade the quality of your 'suffering'
brands? There is no charge nor obligation for your part!
We don't advertise 'wonder flavors', but we can assist you in
modifications of tobacco blends as well as 'tailoring' the most
suitable casing and top flavor formulations. Please contact our
R&D Department and let us start working for you right away — see
address below.
BRITAIN
ARDATHKING SIZE
New brand: Ardath King Size, a
new cigarette with an old name,
was launched nationally earlier this
year to contest the under-£1-for-20
king-size market sub-sector. It is an
84mm Virginia cigarette with a
single acetate filter and cork-type
tipping, rated at 17mg of tarand
1.3mg of nicotine. Red white and
blue ninge-lid packs of 20 were
launched at a recommended retail
price of 94p ($1.60).
Manufacturer:
Export) Ltd
BA T (UK and
FRANCE
ROY ALE UL TRA LEG ERE
New version: Tar and nicotine
ratings of 0.9mg and 0.09mg
respectively for Royale Ultra Legere
are said to be one third lower than
the mildest cigarette previously
available to French smokers. Kingsize,
these cigarettes have 25mm
triple filters comprising crepe,
charcoal granules and acetate,
wrapped in cork-type tipping with
660 perforations in six rings. Royale
Ultra Leaere, an extension of the
Royale brand, retail for Fr6.10
(98c, 55p) in hinge-lid packs of
20, decorated with the familiar
yachting scene.
Manufacturer:
SEITA
ROYALE
K&iCStZE
26 CIGARETTES RUM
December 1982 World Tobacco 125

AUSTRIA
MOCCA
New brand: A recent
addition to the Austrian
market. Mocca, was created
for younger and occasional
cigarillo smokers, who, says
an inscription, can enjoy
them without inhaling. These
110mm products with 17mm
single acetate filters, are
wrapped in light brown
paper with dark brown, goldringed
tipping. Individual
cigarillos are wrapped in
cellophane with tear strips
and sell in packs of five that
are red and brown with gold
lettering and embellishments.
Mocca retail at
Sch12.00 (71c, 40p) for five.
Manufacturer:
Tabak
Austria
SWEDEN
DENVER
New brand: A new fullflavour
cigarette makes
much of its carbon monoxide
level of 12mg in a back-ofpack
inscription. A soft pack
of 20 Denver costs Kr9.75
(SI.57,91p). They are king
size-84mm x 7.9mm-with
20mm acetate filters that
deliver 15mgof tar, 1.5mgof
nicotine. Cork-type tipping
has fou r ban ds of perforations
and is decorated with a
broad gold band, while the
cigarette paper has a narrow
red band about V 2in (12mm!
from the tipping, just below
the brand name which is
printed lengthwise, in red.
The pack design, in reds and
yellow, seems to suggest a
twilight scene of water and
mountains.
Manufacturer:
Tobacco Co
Swedish
FRANCE
GAULOISES
LEGERES
New version: A new
version of Gauloises darktobacco
cigarettes has tar
and nicotine levels of the
same order as'low tar'
versions of many brighttobacco
cigarettes.
Gauloises Legeres are
rated at8.9mg of tar and
0.69mg of nicotine -
figures that are respectively
50% and 20%
below those of Gauloises
Filtre. The new light
cigarette is 84mm long
and 7.97mm in diameter,
with an acetate filter. Soft
packs of 20 cigarettes
were priced at Fr4.40 (61 c,
36p) when they were
launched in late October.
Manufacturer:
SEITA
ve* 1 -
7iV
GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC
CARTIER VENDOME
New brand: A sleek cigarette with the prestigious Cartier
name has been given special elegance with a satinfinish
filter tipping. Cartier Vendome, made under
Cartier of Parislicence in Berlin, has gone on sale
nation-wide. It is a slim, 94mm filter cigarette
\ rated with 9mg of tar and 0.7mg of nicotine.
\ Three-row hinge-lid packs of 20 retail for
\. DM3.20 ($1.34,75p).
\ Manufacturer: Martin Brinkmann
V
PORTUGAL
SG LIGHTS
New version: 'A true American blend ...
says an inscription on the back of packs of new SG Lights cigarettes. This new version of the
established SG brand is79mm x 8mm and has a 20mm single acetate filter. Tipping
includes 21.5mm of imitation cork decorated with two gold bands and a small section of
white that bears the brand name. Tar and nicotine deliveries are printed on pack fronts -
9.0mg of tar and 0.7mg of nicotine respectively. Hinge-lid packs of 20 are mainly white with
gold lettering in Portuguese and English; the brandname appears against three centred,
horizontal bands of various intensities of blue.
Manufacturer:
Tabaqueira
BRITAIN
SILK CUT
KING SIZE
New pack size:
Britain's third largest
selling cigarette. Silk
Cut King Size, is now
being retailed in packs
of 10. Pack styling is
similarto that of the
original 20-piece size.
Manufacturer:
Gallaher
'%&
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126 World Tobacco December 1982

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TI56320129

Specialising in all
types of Indian,
Pakistan, Cyprus and
African tobaccos,
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SIEMSSEN, THRESHIE
AND CO.
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ANDREW CHALMERS
INTERNATIONAL
42 Grosvenor Gardens, London SWlW OEB.
Telephoned! 730 5221,Telex=91766o SCTSUK G,
Cables: STANTOBAC LONDON SWL
Members of the Standard Group of Tobacco Companies
T156320130