Module 1: Regulations - International Association of Fire Fighters
Module 1: Regulations - International Association of Fire Fighters
Module 1: Regulations - International Association of Fire Fighters
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Student Text IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician©<br />
<strong>Module</strong> 1:<br />
<strong>Regulations</strong><br />
<strong>Module</strong> 1: <strong>Regulations</strong> 1-1
IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© Student Text<br />
1-2 <strong>Module</strong> 1: <strong>Regulations</strong>
Student Text IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician©<br />
<strong>Module</strong> 1: <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
<strong>Module</strong> Description<br />
This module explains the federal regulations governing the use, storage, and transport <strong>of</strong> hazardous<br />
materials in the U.S.<br />
Prerequisites<br />
• Students should have completed a hazardous materials operations level training program.<br />
• Students should be familiar with federal, state, and local agencies governing hazardous<br />
materials response.<br />
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Objectives<br />
Upon completion <strong>of</strong> this module, participants will be able to:<br />
• State the purpose <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials regulations.<br />
• Define a hazardous material.<br />
• List and describe nine hazard classes and the respective hazard<br />
divisions.<br />
• Distinguish among packing groups I, II, and III.<br />
• List four hazard zones.<br />
Objectives<br />
• Identify a hazardous material by its hazard class and division, packing<br />
group, and hazard zone, using analytical data.<br />
• Label packages using primary and subsidiary labels.<br />
NFPA<br />
Standards<br />
NFPA 472<br />
1-1.1 & 1-1.2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
1-2 & 2-2.1.1<br />
NFPA 472<br />
2-2.1.2 % 2-2.1.3<br />
NFPA 472<br />
1-2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
3-4.1.1 & 3-4.1.2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
3-2.1.2<br />
OSHA<br />
Standards<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (F)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
(E) (F)<br />
• Differentiate between technical and generic shipping names.<br />
• Evaluate hazardous material shipping papers.<br />
• List special provisions applicable to hazardous material shipments.<br />
• Describe packaging requirements found in hazardous material regulations.<br />
• Identify symbols used in the Hazardous Materials Table.<br />
• Evaluate primary and subsidiary hazards using shipping names,<br />
shipping papers, and the precedence table.<br />
• Correctly identify DOT hazard labels for hazmat shipments.<br />
• Use primary and subsidiary hazard labels.<br />
• List the five components <strong>of</strong> DOT marking requirements.<br />
• Interpret a packaging label.<br />
• Define and distinguish between labels and markings.<br />
• Locate the segregation requirements for three pairs <strong>of</strong> hazard classes on<br />
the segregation table.<br />
• Describe training requirements and employees covered by any <strong>of</strong> the following<br />
OSHA standards 1910.1200, 1910.120, 1910.134 - 138,<br />
1910.1030, 1910.146.<br />
• List the key elements <strong>of</strong> 1910.120.<br />
• List the 5 levels <strong>of</strong> training described in paragraph (Q) <strong>of</strong> 29 CFR<br />
1910.120.<br />
NFPA 472<br />
3-2.2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
3-2.2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
4-2 thru 4-6.3.10<br />
NFPA 472<br />
1-2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
4-3.3 (a) 2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
4-3.3 (a) 2<br />
NFPA 472<br />
2-2.1.7 thru<br />
2-2.19, 3-2.1.3.2,<br />
4-2.1.2.1<br />
(applies to all <strong>of</strong><br />
these)<br />
NFPA 472<br />
4-1.1<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q) (6) (iii) (B)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q)<br />
29CFR 1910.120<br />
(q)<br />
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Student Text IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician©<br />
Instructor Preparation<br />
Instructors should have a basic knowledge <strong>of</strong> OSHA, EPA, and DOT regulations that cover<br />
hazardous materials and hazardous waste. Instructors should also be familiar with the use,<br />
transportation, and storage <strong>of</strong> those materials, and the common identification methods used in<br />
industry as well as emergency response.<br />
Select three to five pages from the Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR 172.101) and make<br />
copies for the students. This table is reproduced on page 19. Plan on giving the Prerequisite<br />
Quiz at the beginning <strong>of</strong> this module. If any students fail to answer at least half the questions<br />
correctly, they should be directed to read Training for Hazardous Materials Response: Your<br />
Rights and Responsibilities and Unit 3 <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Materials Training for First Responders.<br />
Both programs are available through the IAFF’s Hazardous Materials Department.<br />
Equipment/Supplies<br />
1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook<br />
Title 49 CFR 171 - 178 (optional)<br />
Title 29 CFR 1910 series (optional)<br />
DOT placards and labels for all classes and divisions<br />
Several examples <strong>of</strong> HMIS and NFPA labels (completed)<br />
Hazardous Waste Label<br />
Non bulk container for any hazardous material (with label and markings) and accompanying<br />
shipping papers<br />
Hazardous materials (Examples <strong>of</strong> common household and commercial products that can be<br />
found on the Hazardous Materials Table 49 CFR172.10.) Products may include:<br />
• Pesticides<br />
• Herbicides<br />
• Bleach<br />
• Lye<br />
• Solvents<br />
• Paints and paint products<br />
• Gasoline<br />
• Propane tank for outdoor grill<br />
• Radioactive lantern mantels<br />
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards<br />
Supplies for Application Exercise (at end <strong>of</strong> module before appendices)<br />
Transparencies and overhead transparency projector<br />
VCR and Videotape: Colorado Springs Uranium Ore Spill<br />
Approximate Length<br />
This module requires five to seven hours to complete.<br />
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<strong>Module</strong> 1<br />
Prerequisite Quiz<br />
1. Which <strong>of</strong> the following statements best describes the standards set by the Occupational<br />
Safety and Health Act?<br />
A. OSHA standards apply primarily to emergency responders<br />
B. OSHA standards apply primarily to hazardous waste sites<br />
C. OSHA standards apply primarily to local, state, and federal workers<br />
D. OSHA standards apply to all workplaces<br />
2. Which <strong>of</strong> the following statements best describes the regulations set by the Environmental<br />
Protection Agency?<br />
A. EPA regulations apply primarily to emergency response<br />
B. EPA regulations apply primarily to hazardous wastes<br />
C. EPA regulations apply primarily to local, state, and federal work sites<br />
D. EPA regulations apply primarily to privately owned work sites<br />
3. Which <strong>of</strong> the following organizations issues mandatory standards?<br />
A. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)<br />
B. National <strong>Fire</strong> Protection <strong>Association</strong> (NFPA)<br />
C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)<br />
D. Both A and C<br />
4. The OSHA standard that protects workers in hazardous waste operations and emergency<br />
response is:<br />
A. 29 CFR 1910.120<br />
B. 29 CFR 1400z<br />
C. 49 CFR Subchapter C<br />
D. 49 CFR 172.101<br />
5. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is:<br />
A. An employer right-to-know law<br />
B. An emergency worker right-to-know law<br />
C. A community right-to-know law<br />
D. A worker right-to-know law<br />
6. Which <strong>of</strong> the following organizations issues hazard classes and divisions?<br />
A. Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation (DOT)<br />
B. Department <strong>of</strong> Energy (DOE)<br />
C. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)<br />
D. National Institute <strong>of</strong> Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)<br />
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7. Un identification numbers indicate that a chemical may be shipped:<br />
A. Only within North America<br />
B. Only within the United States<br />
C. Only within the country <strong>of</strong> origin<br />
D. <strong>International</strong>ly<br />
8. Hazardous materials that must always be placarded, regardless <strong>of</strong> quantity, are:<br />
A. Table 1 materials<br />
B. Table 2 materials<br />
C. Other Regulated Materials (ORMs)<br />
D. Flammable chemicals<br />
9. Title 49 in the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong> includes all:<br />
A. EPA <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
B. OSHA <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
C. DOT <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
D. None <strong>of</strong> the above<br />
10. The Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act is administered by:<br />
A. EPA<br />
B. OSHA<br />
C. DOT<br />
D. DOE<br />
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Introduction<br />
Questions<br />
1. Is your state covered by OSHA or EPA regulations?<br />
2. What is the regulatory number <strong>of</strong> HAZWOPER?<br />
3. According to DOT, what is an “X” container?<br />
4. The OSHA regulation, 29 CFR 1910.1200 is also known<br />
as what standard?<br />
Governing Agencies<br />
In the U.S. there are several agencies that are involved in<br />
regulating chemicals and hazardous wastes. The key<br />
federal agencies are the Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation<br />
(DOT), which regulates hazardous materials in transit; the<br />
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),<br />
which regulates hazardous materials in the workplace; and<br />
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which covers<br />
hazardous waste. Some state and local jurisdictions have<br />
additional regulatory agencies. It is your responsibility to<br />
know your state and local regulations.<br />
These federal agencies communicate their regulations in the<br />
Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong> (CFR). The CFR is a single<br />
or multiple volume set <strong>of</strong> regulations which is published<br />
annually. Each CFR is organized by a numbering system.<br />
The title <strong>of</strong> a CFR identifies the agency that wrote the<br />
regulations.<br />
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Federal Department Title Number<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation 49<br />
Environmental Protection Agency 40<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Labor (OSHA) 29<br />
Additionally, the federal government prints the Federal<br />
Register every business day. The Federal Register contains<br />
changes to existing regulations, meeting announcements,<br />
notice <strong>of</strong> proposed regulations, and the final version <strong>of</strong><br />
regulations prior to publication in their respective CFR.<br />
State Regulatory Agencies<br />
The DOT and EPA turn over the regulation <strong>of</strong> hazardous<br />
materials and wastes to the state regulatory agency only if<br />
the state program meets or exceeds EPA requirements.<br />
Research your state requirements to be sure your actions<br />
reflect these laws.<br />
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CFR Structure<br />
The CFR is organized using a numerical system. Each<br />
volume is subdivided using the following hierarchy:<br />
Title<br />
Chapter<br />
Part<br />
Subpart<br />
Section<br />
Paragraph<br />
Subparagraphs<br />
Titles are written in numbers (usually<br />
with two digits) in front <strong>of</strong> the<br />
acronym CFR. [example, 40 CFR]<br />
Chapter numbers are written in<br />
roman numerals following the word<br />
Chapter after the acronym CFR.<br />
[example, 40 CFR Chapter I]<br />
Parts are written in numbers. Part<br />
numbers are assigned numerically<br />
beginning with 1 and continuing<br />
until the regulation is finished (as<br />
high as 1499). [example, 261]<br />
Subparts are written in capital letters<br />
A through Z and continuing AA<br />
through ZZ. [example, C]<br />
Sections are written as numbers<br />
immediately following the decimal<br />
point. Section numbers begin with<br />
the number 1 and continue numerically<br />
until the part is finished.<br />
[example, .7]<br />
Paragraphs are written using small<br />
letters beginning with a. Paragraph<br />
designations are placed inside parentheses.<br />
[example, (a)]<br />
Subparagraphs are written as small<br />
case roman numbers. Subparagraph<br />
numbers are also placed inside<br />
parentheses and will always follow a<br />
paragraph number.<br />
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As indicated earlier, each title number is assigned based on<br />
the department that writes the regulation. Every title is<br />
subdivided into chapters, parts, sections, and paragraphs.<br />
For example, 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(3)(iii) breaks down as<br />
follows:<br />
Title CFR Chapter Part Subpart Section (Paragraph) (Paragraph #) (Subparagraph)<br />
29 CFR I 1910 . 120 (q) (3) (iii)<br />
Each <strong>of</strong> the three federal agencies discussed in this module<br />
requires some type <strong>of</strong> emergency response/hazardous<br />
materials contingency plan. These plans can serve as a<br />
basis for pre-incident plans for fixed facilities as well as<br />
some transportation routes. The basic recognition and<br />
identification clues, coupled with facility plans, give you a<br />
tremendous amount <strong>of</strong> valuable information.<br />
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Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Transportation<br />
Questions<br />
Refer to the Straight Bill <strong>of</strong> Lading on the following page to<br />
answer the following questions:<br />
1. What does the “RQ” before acetone mean?<br />
2. What is the primary hazard <strong>of</strong> the cargo?<br />
3. What does Packing Group II signify?<br />
The Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation (DOT) regulates the<br />
transportation <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials, including hazardous<br />
wastes. The purpose <strong>of</strong> the hazardous materials regulations<br />
is to identify materials that are dangerous during transportation<br />
and to communicate the dangers and hazards associated<br />
with such materials. In the Hazardous Materials<br />
Transportation Uniform Safety Act (HMTUSA) <strong>of</strong> 1990,<br />
the DOT mandated that hazardous materials employers<br />
must provide training for all hazardous materials employees.<br />
A hazardous materials employer is defined in 49<br />
CFR 171.8 as<br />
“a person who uses one or more <strong>of</strong> its employees in<br />
connection with: transporting hazardous materials in<br />
commerce; causing hazardous materials to be transported<br />
or shipped in commerce; or representing, marking,<br />
certifying, selling, <strong>of</strong>fering, reconditioning, testing,<br />
repairing, or modifying containers, drums, or<br />
packagings as qualified for use in the transportation<br />
<strong>of</strong> hazardous materials.”<br />
A hazardous materials employee is<br />
“any employee who directly affects hazardous material<br />
transportation safety through involvement in packaging,<br />
transport, manifesting, labeling, maintenance,<br />
etc.”<br />
A hazardous materials employee is also<br />
“a person who is employed by a hazardous materials<br />
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employer and who in the course <strong>of</strong> employment directly<br />
affects hazardous materials transportation<br />
safety.”<br />
Job functions under this requirement are as follows:<br />
• Commercial drivers<br />
• Loaders and handlers <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials<br />
• Hazardous materials cargo trailer and truck maintenance<br />
personnel<br />
• Dispatchers<br />
• Administrative personnel who prepare hazardous<br />
materials shipping papers<br />
• Personnel who affect hazardous materials transportation<br />
through packaging, labeling, and marking<br />
• Safety supervisors and <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />
On May 15, 1992, the Research and Special Programs<br />
Administration issued a final rule called HM-126F, Training<br />
for Safe Transportation <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Materials, thus<br />
amending the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform<br />
Safety Act <strong>of</strong> 1990. This final rule amended the hazardous<br />
materials regulations in order to enhance the training<br />
requirements for persons involved in the transportation <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous materials. Its purpose is to ensure that each<br />
hazardous materials employer trains employees on the safe<br />
loading, unloading, handling, storing, and transporting <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous materials and on emergency preparedness in<br />
response to accidents or incidents involving hazardous<br />
materials. Specifics concerning DOT training requirements<br />
applicable to the hazardous materials employee are described<br />
on the following pages.<br />
In addition, the Performance-Oriented Packaging Standards<br />
(POPS), also referred to as HM-181, were promulgated.<br />
POPS standards are found in 49 CFR Subchapter C and<br />
bring the United States into compliance with international<br />
hazardous materials shipping regulations. UN Guidelines<br />
require all shipments to be:<br />
• Packaged in United Nations (UN)-specified containers<br />
• Classified, named, marked, placarded, and labeled in<br />
accordance with the Hazardous Materials Table in 49<br />
CFR 172.101<br />
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The major purpose <strong>of</strong> POPS is to identify materials that<br />
may be hazardous during transportation and to communicate<br />
the hazards <strong>of</strong> such materials adequately. The DOT<br />
endorsed POPS for several reasons, including:<br />
• To transport hazardous materials in accordance with UN<br />
guidelines so that a container can be shipped all over the<br />
world with the same markings<br />
• To simplify the hazardous materials transportation regulations<br />
• To reduce the quantity <strong>of</strong> DOT regulations concerning<br />
hazardous materials<br />
• To limit the quantity <strong>of</strong> exemptions issued by DOT<br />
Transporters and packaging manufacturers are now required<br />
to adopt POPS. All packagings must meet performance-based<br />
criteria.<br />
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Compliance Schedule<br />
To facilitate the transition from domestic to international<br />
hazardous materials transportation regulations occur<br />
smoothly, the DOT has spread compliance dates for POPS<br />
over a ten year period. See 49 CFR 171 for details.<br />
DATE COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE<br />
October 1, 1991<br />
October 1, 1992<br />
October 1, 1993<br />
October 1, 1994<br />
October 1, 1996<br />
October 1, 2001<br />
Explosives must be shipped in accordance with POPS.<br />
Poison by inhalation (PIH) gases must be shipped in accordance<br />
with POPS.<br />
All PIH paperwork and placarding shipments must comply<br />
with POPS.<br />
All hazardous materials communication and shipping papers<br />
must comply with POPS.<br />
PIH shipments must be transported in accordance with<br />
POPS.<br />
Shippers must use the Segregation and Separation Table in<br />
49 CFR 177.848.<br />
All new packagings must be manufactured in accordance with<br />
POPS.<br />
Shippers can still use “old” packagings.<br />
Infectious substances must be described on shipping papers<br />
and packaged in accordance with POPS.<br />
New Generic Shipping Names in HM-215A<br />
Hazardous Materials Table.<br />
Shippers MUST use POPS packagings.<br />
HM-181 placards must be displayed for domestic shipments.<br />
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Definition <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Hazardous Material<br />
A hazardous material is defined by the DOT<br />
“to be capable <strong>of</strong> posing an unreasonable risk to<br />
health, safety, and property when transported.”<br />
Materials designated “hazardous” by the DOT can be found<br />
in the Hazardous Materials Table, 49 CFR 172.101.<br />
Several common chemicals are included in the sample table<br />
on page19. Materials are listed in alphabetical order<br />
according to their proper shipping names (Column 2).<br />
Materials not listed in the Hazardous Material Table may<br />
still be hazardous if the material exhibits a hazard as defined<br />
by a DOT hazard class.<br />
For example, paint thinner is not listed in the Hazardous<br />
Materials Table, yet its flash point is less than 60°C and its<br />
initial boiling point is less than 35°C. Therefore, paint<br />
thinner meets the DOT definition <strong>of</strong> a flammable liquid<br />
material and must be transported as a hazardous material.<br />
Identifying Hazards<br />
Hazardous materials regulations specify ways to communicate<br />
the hazards associated with a material. There are four<br />
ways to communicate such hazards. These include:<br />
Labels<br />
Markings<br />
Placards<br />
Every hazardous material is required to have<br />
a label(s). The label usually corresponds to<br />
a hazard class and are listed in the Hazardous<br />
Materials Table Column 6.<br />
A hazardous material package is required to<br />
be marked with its proper shipping name<br />
and identification number, as well as any<br />
applicable technical names. Additional<br />
marking requirements can be found in 49<br />
CFR 172.301.<br />
Placards are large versions <strong>of</strong> labels, placed<br />
on transport vehicles and bulk containers.<br />
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Shipping Papers<br />
Shipping papers are intended to accurately<br />
describe the hazardous material being<br />
shipped, including its possible hazards.<br />
Shipping papers also identify all parties<br />
associated with the material.<br />
Hazardous Materials<br />
<strong>Regulations</strong><br />
Hazardous material regulations are found in Title 49 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong>. Title 49 is written by the<br />
U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation and only applies to<br />
commercial transport.<br />
Title 49 includes all U.S. DOT regulations, not just hazardous<br />
material regulations. Hazardous material regulations<br />
are found specifically in Subchapter C, Part 171 through<br />
178. DOT Title 49 CFR can be a tremendous aid to responders.<br />
In addition to the information which was just<br />
covered for highway transportation, 49 CFR also covers<br />
transportation by air, rail, and water. Information such as<br />
tank construction material, working pressures, and types <strong>of</strong><br />
relief and control devices can be researched in this CFR.<br />
To identify titles, parts, and sections, use the following<br />
guidelines.<br />
49 CFR 172.101<br />
(Title) (Part) (Section)<br />
The hazardous material table is found in Title 49 <strong>of</strong> the Code<br />
<strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong> (CFR), Part 172, Section 101.<br />
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l<br />
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49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table<br />
S Hazardous Materials Hazard Class UN/NA Packing Groups Labels Special Packaging Quantity<br />
y Shipping Names or Division ID Numbers Required Provisions Authorization Limitations<br />
m (unless 173.***<br />
b excepted)<br />
o<br />
s 8 9<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Excep- Non- Bulk P.A Cargo.<br />
tions Bulk and Aircraft<br />
R.C.<br />
Acetone 3 UN 1090 II Flammable T8 150 202 242 5 L 60 L<br />
Liquid<br />
Corrosive Liquid, N.O.S. 8 UN 1760 I Corrosive A7,B10,<br />
242 None 201 243 .5 L 2.5 L<br />
II B2,T14 154 202 242 1 L 30 L<br />
III T7 154 203 241 5 L 60 L<br />
Methylhydrazine 6.1 UN 1244 I Poison, 1,B9,B14,B3<br />
Flammable 0,B72,<br />
Liquid, B77,N34,<br />
Corrosive T38,T43,<br />
T44 None 226 244 Forbid Forbid<br />
+ Nitric Acid, Red Fuming 8 UN 2032 I Corrosive, 2,B9,B32, None 227 244 Forbid Forbid<br />
Oxidizer, B74,T38,<br />
Poison T43,T45<br />
Sulfuric Acid 8 UN 1830 II Corrosive A3,A7,B3, 154 202 242 Forbid 30 L<br />
with more than 51 % acid B83,B84,N34,<br />
T9 T27<br />
Note: Column 10, which provides limitations on shipment by water is not included in this table.<br />
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IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© Student Text<br />
The hazardous material table contains information necessary<br />
to ship specific hazardous materials. The table is the<br />
key to all <strong>of</strong> the DOT hazardous material regulations.<br />
Column 1 - Symbols.<br />
The following symbols may appear in column #1 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
hazardous materials table: A, W, D, I, and +.<br />
The letter “A” in column 1 indicates restrictions apply<br />
during transportation by aircraft.<br />
The letter “W” in column 1 indicates restrictions apply<br />
during transportation by vessel.<br />
The letter “D” in column 1 indicates that ONLY domestic<br />
transportation is permitted.<br />
The letter “I” in column 1 indicates that ONLY international<br />
transportation is permitted.<br />
The “+” fixes the proper shipping name, hazard class and<br />
packing group for that entry without regard to whether the<br />
material meets the definition <strong>of</strong> that class or packing group<br />
or meets any other hazard class definition.<br />
Symbols<br />
D<br />
A<br />
Hazardous Materials Shipping Names<br />
Accumulators, pressurized pneumatic<br />
or hydraulic (containing non-flammable gas)<br />
Acetaldehyde<br />
Acetone<br />
+ Nitric Acid, Red Fuming<br />
Sulfuric Acids<br />
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Column 2 - Hazardous Materials Descriptions and<br />
Proper Shipping Name.<br />
Column 2 lists shipping names and descriptions in alphabetical<br />
order. The information in italics is not part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
name/description. Only the non-italicized information<br />
should be included as the shipping name/description. In<br />
addition, proper shipping names may be used in either<br />
singular or plural, capital or lower case letters. Punctuation<br />
marks are not a part <strong>of</strong> the shipping name/description.<br />
Column 3 - Hazard Class or Division.<br />
Column 3 contains numerical information concerning the<br />
hazard class/division applicable to the hazardous material.<br />
The word “forbidden” may appear in column 3. Never ship<br />
a material listed as Forbidden. NOTE: Any reference to a<br />
Class 3 material may be modified to read combustible<br />
liquid if the material has a flash point above 100 o F and<br />
below 200 o F and the material does not meet the definition<br />
<strong>of</strong> any other hazard class.<br />
Column 4 - UN or NA Identification Numbers.<br />
Column 4 lists identification numbers assigned to each<br />
shipping name. Identification (ID) numbers are 4-digit<br />
numbers beginning with the letters UN (United Nations) or<br />
NA (North America). ID numbers beginning with UN may<br />
be transported internationally as well as domestically.<br />
Identification numbers beginning with NA may not be<br />
transported internationally except to and from Canada. The<br />
ID number is a 4-digit number used during emergency<br />
response. With the ID numbers, you can use the North<br />
American Emergency Response Guidebook to locate<br />
information for spill control and containment.<br />
Hazardous Materials UN/NA ID Numbers Packing Groups<br />
Shipping Names 2 4 5<br />
Acetone UN 1090 II<br />
Corrosive Liquid,<br />
Acetic, Organic, N.O.S. UN 3265 I, II, III<br />
Methylhydrazine UN 1244 I<br />
Nitric Acid, Red Fuming UN 2032 I<br />
Sulfuric Acid UN 1830 II<br />
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Column 5 - Packing Group.<br />
Column 5 lists packing groups assigned to hazardous<br />
materials. Three packing groups are authorized by the U.S.<br />
DOT as:<br />
I Great danger<br />
II Moderate danger<br />
III Minor danger<br />
However, hazardous materials in class 2, 7, and ORM-D<br />
will not have a packing group. Packing groups must always<br />
be communicated using Roman Numerals.<br />
Column 6 - Required Labels.<br />
Column 6 specifies required hazard warning labels. The<br />
first label shown for each entry is the primary hazard label.<br />
Other labels indicated are subsidiary hazard labels and must<br />
not carry the number in the bottom corner.<br />
Hazardous Materials Packing Groups Labels Required<br />
Shipping Names 2 5 unless excepted 6<br />
Acetone II Flammable Liquid<br />
Corrosive Liquid, N.O.S. I Corrosive<br />
II<br />
III<br />
Methylhydrazine I Poison, Flammable Liquid,<br />
Corrosive<br />
Nitric Acid, Red Fuming I Corrosive, Oxidizer, Poison<br />
Sulfuric Acid II Corrosive<br />
Column 7 - Special Provisions.<br />
Column 7 specifies special provisions which are described<br />
below. Special provisions are listed and defined in 49 CFR<br />
172.102. The special provision can consist <strong>of</strong> both a letter<br />
and a number. The letter part <strong>of</strong> the provision identifies the<br />
applicable mode <strong>of</strong> transportation. The number indicates<br />
the position in the list. Use the following key to determine<br />
applicability <strong>of</strong> the special provisions during shipment.<br />
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• A code consisting only <strong>of</strong> numbers applies to all modes<br />
<strong>of</strong> transportation.<br />
• The letter A applies to transportation by aircraft.<br />
• The letter B applies to bulk transportation. It is bulk<br />
transportation if it is NOT non-bulk. See definition <strong>of</strong><br />
non-bulk.<br />
• The letter H applies to highway transportation.<br />
• The letter N applies to non-bulk transportation. A nonbulk<br />
package is: a liquid package with a capacity <strong>of</strong> less<br />
than 119 gallons or a solid package with a net mass <strong>of</strong><br />
less than 400 kg.<br />
• The letter R applies to rail transportation.<br />
• The letter T applies to transport <strong>of</strong> portable tanks.<br />
• The letter W applies to transportation by water.<br />
If a special provision is listed in the table but does not<br />
apply to the chosen mode <strong>of</strong> transport, it can be disagreed.<br />
Only investigate applicable special provisions. See 49 CFR<br />
172.102 for the identification <strong>of</strong> the special provisions.<br />
Hazardous Materials Special Provisions<br />
Shipping Names 2 7<br />
Acetone<br />
Methylhydrazine<br />
Nitric Acid,<br />
Red Fuming<br />
Sulfuric Acid<br />
T8<br />
1,B9,B14,B30,B72,B77,N34,T38,T43,T44<br />
2,B9,B32,B74,T38,T43,T45<br />
A3,A7,B3,B83,N34,T9 T27<br />
Column 8 - Packaging Authorizations<br />
Column 8 is designed as a reference and is divided into<br />
three categories: exceptions (8A), non-bulk packaging<br />
(8B), and bulk packaging (8C). Although packaging<br />
requirements are found in 49 CFR part 173, Column 8<br />
communicates the section number <strong>of</strong> part 173, where<br />
specific packaging requirements are listed.<br />
For example:<br />
Acetone (in a non-bulk package - Column 8B) references<br />
section 202. Refer to part 173, section 202 (49 CFR<br />
173.202) to locate specific packaging requirements for<br />
acetone.<br />
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“None”, listed in column 8A, denotes that there are no<br />
exceptions. “None” listed in either column 8B or 8C,<br />
denotes that the U.S. DOT has not authorized material to be<br />
packaged in this manner.<br />
Hazardous Materials Packaging Authorizations 8<br />
Shipping Names (173.***)<br />
2<br />
Exceptions Non-Bulk Bulk<br />
8A 8B 8C<br />
Acetone 150 202 242<br />
Methylhydrazine None 226 244<br />
Nitric Acid, None 227 244<br />
Red Fuming<br />
Sulfuric Acid 154 202 242<br />
49 CFR 173 also states that:<br />
“Each package must be constructed and maintained so that<br />
there will be no identifiable release <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials<br />
to the environment; the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the package will not<br />
be substantially reduced; and there will be no mixture <strong>of</strong><br />
gases or vapors in the package which could, through any<br />
credible spontaneous increases <strong>of</strong> heat or pressure, significantly<br />
reduce the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the packaging.”<br />
Consequently, if there is any possibility that the container<br />
could rupture and leak, it should either be overpacked<br />
before shipping, or should not be shipped at all.<br />
Column 9 - Quantity Limitations<br />
Columns 9A and 9B specify the maximum quantity <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous material that may be transported in any one<br />
package. Column 9A refers to transportation by passenger<br />
aircraft or rail car, while Column 9B refers to cargo aircraft<br />
only. “Forbidden” means material may not be transported<br />
by that particular mode. Quantity limitations are net<br />
physical material, unless otherwise specified. All quantities<br />
are listed in metric units <strong>of</strong> measure.<br />
L = liter (approximately 1 quart)<br />
kg = kilogram (approximately 2 pounds)<br />
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Hazardous Materials Quantity Limitations<br />
Shipping Names 2 9<br />
Acetone 5L 60L<br />
Nitric Acid, Forbidden Forbidden<br />
Red Fuming<br />
Methylhydrazine Forbidden Forbidden<br />
Sulfuric Acid Forbidden 30L<br />
Column 10 - Stowage Requirements<br />
Column 10 specifies stowage requirements aboard water<br />
bearing vessels. For more information refer to 49 CFR<br />
172.101 [(k)].<br />
Activity<br />
Hazard Classes<br />
The hazard class system is illustrated on the next page and<br />
lists hazard classes from the most dangerous to the least<br />
dangerous. There are nine hazard classes. When a hazard<br />
class is shown on labels, markings, placards, and shipping<br />
papers, it is indicated by numbers 1 through 9. Some<br />
hazard classes have subclasses, which are called divisions.<br />
A division is indicated by a number to the right <strong>of</strong> the<br />
decimal. If a hazard class and division applies to a particular<br />
hazardous material, use the appropriate class number,<br />
followed by a decimal and division number (e.g., 1.6). The<br />
number to the left <strong>of</strong> the decimal is the hazard class number<br />
(in this case, “1” indicates an explosive) and the number to<br />
the right <strong>of</strong> the decimal is the division number. In this case,<br />
“.6” indicates an extremely insensitive explosive.<br />
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HAZARD CLASSES<br />
Hazard Class Hazard Class Hazard Class/ Hazard Division<br />
Description Division Description<br />
1 Explosives 1.1 Mass Explosion Hazard<br />
1.2 Projection Hazard<br />
1.3 <strong>Fire</strong> Hazard<br />
1.4 No Blast Hazard<br />
1.5 Insensitive Explosive<br />
1.6 Extremely Insensitive Explosive<br />
2 Compressed Gases 2.1 Flammable<br />
2.2 Non-Flammable and Non-Poisonous<br />
2.3 Poisonous<br />
3 Flammable Liquid NO DIVISIONS<br />
4 Flammable Solid 4.1 Flammable Solids<br />
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible<br />
4.3 Dangerous When Wet<br />
5 Oxidizers 5.1 Oxidizers<br />
5.2 Organic Peroxides<br />
6 Poisons 6.1 Poisons<br />
6.2 Etiologic Agents<br />
7 Radioactive NO DIVISIONS<br />
8 Corrosives NO DIVISIONS<br />
9 Misc. Hazards NO DIVISIONS<br />
In addition to hazard class and division, a packing group and hazard zone system is used to<br />
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further define hazardous materials. There are three packing<br />
groups. They are:<br />
PG I<br />
PG II<br />
PG III<br />
Great Danger<br />
Moderate Danger<br />
Minor Danger<br />
Packing groups determine several key issues in the shipment<br />
<strong>of</strong> hazardous materials. For instance, packing groups<br />
have an impact on the:<br />
• Type <strong>of</strong> packaging<br />
• Markings<br />
• Quantity restrictions<br />
• Mode <strong>of</strong> transportation<br />
Every hazardous material has a packing group, except Class<br />
2 (Gases) and Class 7 (Radioactive) materials.<br />
Materials that are poison-by-inhalation (PIH) have a hazard<br />
zone. There are four hazard zones: A, B, C, and D. Those<br />
materials in class/division 2.3 or 6.1 may be PIH materials.<br />
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Class 1 Explosives<br />
An explosive is any substance designed to function by<br />
explosion (i.e. an extremely rapid release <strong>of</strong> gas and heat)<br />
or act like an explosive because <strong>of</strong> an internal chemical<br />
reaction. Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions.<br />
Each division has a letter designation.<br />
Division 1.1<br />
Division 1.2<br />
Division 1.3<br />
Division 1.4<br />
Division 1.5<br />
Division 1.1 consists <strong>of</strong> explosives that have<br />
a mass explosion hazard. A mass explosion<br />
is one that affects almost the entire load<br />
instantaneously. Examples <strong>of</strong> Division 1.1<br />
explosives include black powder, dynamite,<br />
and TNT.<br />
Division 1.2 consists <strong>of</strong> explosives that have<br />
a projection hazard but not a mass explosion<br />
hazard. Examples <strong>of</strong> Division 1.2 explosives<br />
include aerial flares, detonating cord, and<br />
power device cartridges.<br />
Division 1.3 consists <strong>of</strong> explosives that have<br />
a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard<br />
or a minor projection hazard, or both, but not<br />
mass explosion hazard. Examples <strong>of</strong> Division<br />
1.3 explosives include liquid-fueled<br />
rocket motors and propellant explosives.<br />
Division 1.4 consists <strong>of</strong> explosive devices<br />
that present a minor explosion hazard. No<br />
device in the division may contain more than<br />
25 g (0.9 oz.) <strong>of</strong> a detonating material. The<br />
explosive effects are largely confined to the<br />
package and no projection <strong>of</strong> fragments <strong>of</strong><br />
appreciable size or range is expected. An<br />
external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous<br />
explosion <strong>of</strong> almost the entire<br />
contents <strong>of</strong> the package. Examples <strong>of</strong><br />
Division 1.4 explosives include line-throwing<br />
rockets, practice ammunition, and signal<br />
cartridges.<br />
Division 1.5 consists <strong>of</strong> very insensitive<br />
explosives. This division is comprised <strong>of</strong><br />
substances that have a mass explosion<br />
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hazard but are so insensitive that there is<br />
very little probability <strong>of</strong> initiation or <strong>of</strong><br />
transition from burning to detonation under<br />
normal conditions <strong>of</strong> transport. Examples <strong>of</strong><br />
division 1.5 explosives include pilled ammonium<br />
nitrate fertilizer-fuel oil mixtures<br />
(blasting agents).<br />
Division 1.6<br />
Division 1.6 consists <strong>of</strong> extremely insensitive<br />
articles that do not have a mass explosive<br />
hazard. This division is comprised <strong>of</strong><br />
articles that contain only extremely insensitive<br />
detonating substances and that demonstrate<br />
a negligible probability <strong>of</strong> accidental<br />
initiation or propagation.<br />
Class 2 Gases<br />
The materials included in Class 2 are compressed gases.<br />
The gases are divided into three divisions. Notice that the<br />
basic shipping description for a material in Class 2 does not<br />
include a packing group!<br />
Division 2.1<br />
Division 2.2<br />
Flammable gases are defined as “a material<br />
which is a gas at 68°F or less and 14.7 psi<br />
and which is ignitable at 14.7 psi when in a<br />
mixture <strong>of</strong> 13% or less by volume with air,<br />
or has a flammable range at 14.7 psi with<br />
air <strong>of</strong> at least 12%, regardless <strong>of</strong> the lower<br />
flammable limit.” An example <strong>of</strong> a basic<br />
shipping description for a flammable gas:<br />
Butylene, 2.1, UN 1012.<br />
Non-flammable, non-poisonous compressed<br />
gases are described as “a material or mixture<br />
that has an absolute pressure <strong>of</strong> 41 psi<br />
at 68°F and does not meet the definition <strong>of</strong><br />
Division 2.1 or 2.3.” An example <strong>of</strong> the<br />
basic shipping description for a non-flammable,<br />
non-poisonous gas is Bromotrifluoromethane,<br />
2.2, UN 1009.<br />
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Division 2.3<br />
Gases that are poisonous by inhalation are<br />
known to be toxic to humans and, therefore,<br />
pose a hazard to health during transportation.<br />
Because all Division 2.3 materials are<br />
poisonous-by-inhalation, they will be assigned<br />
one <strong>of</strong> four hazard zones (A,B,C,D).<br />
The hazard zone indicates the intensity <strong>of</strong><br />
the hazard. In general, Zone A is the “most<br />
poisonous” and Zone D the “least poisonous.”<br />
Zone definitions are based on an<br />
established toxicity values (LC 50<br />
) determined<br />
from animal testing. For more<br />
information on gases which are poison-byinhalation,<br />
refer to 49 CFR 173.133. An<br />
example <strong>of</strong> a compressed gas that is poisonous-by-inhalation<br />
is hydrogen sulfide gas.<br />
Hazard Zone InhalationToxicity<br />
A<br />
LC 50<br />
< 200 ppm<br />
B<br />
C<br />
D<br />
200 ppm < LC 50<br />
< 1000 ppm<br />
1000 ppm < LC 50<br />
< 5000 ppm<br />
3000 ppm < LC 50<br />
< 5000 ppm<br />
Class 3 Flammable and<br />
Combustible Liquids<br />
Flammable Liquid<br />
A flammable liquid is defined as “a liquid having a flash<br />
point <strong>of</strong> not more than 60.5°C (141°F).” Examples <strong>of</strong><br />
Class 3 materials include acetone and isopropanol. Class 3<br />
materials are divided into packing groups based on their<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> danger. The following chart distinguishes among<br />
Class 3 packing groups.<br />
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Initial Boiling Point (°C)<br />
PG Flash Point (Closed-Cup) Initial Boiling Point<br />
I<br />
< 35 C<br />
II < 23 C > 35 C<br />
III > 23 C < 60.5 C > 35 C<br />
Combustible Liquid (49 CFR 173.120)<br />
A combustible liquid has a flash point greater than 141°F/<br />
less than 200°F and does not meet the definition <strong>of</strong> any<br />
other hazard class. A flammable liquid may be reclassified<br />
as a combustible liquid if the flash point is greater than<br />
100°F/less than 141°F and the liquid does not meet the<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> any other hazard class. Hazardous materials<br />
regulations allow the shipper latitude over shipment <strong>of</strong><br />
materials with a flashpoint between 141° and 200°F.<br />
Class 4 Flammable Solids<br />
Class 4 has three divisions: 4.1 (flammable solids), 4.2<br />
(spontaneously combustible), and 4.3 (dangerous when<br />
wet). Even though the description <strong>of</strong> this hazardous characteristic<br />
identifies these materials as flammable solid, Division<br />
4.2 materials do not have to be solid. For example, if a<br />
liquid is pyrophoric, it will be classed Division 4.2. The<br />
property <strong>of</strong> spontaneous combustion is more important<br />
than the form <strong>of</strong> the material.<br />
Division 4.1<br />
Flammable solids include the following<br />
materials:<br />
• Wetted explosives<br />
• Self-reactive materials<br />
• Readily combustible solids<br />
• Metal powders<br />
Specific examples <strong>of</strong> Division 4.1 materials are as follows:<br />
hexamine; lead phosphate, dibasic; barium azide, wetted.<br />
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Packing groups for Division 4.1 materials are based on the<br />
materials burning rate and zone <strong>of</strong> reaction. The following<br />
table shows the conditions <strong>of</strong> each packing group.<br />
PG Burning Rate Zone <strong>of</strong> Reaction<br />
(Metallic Powders)<br />
I None None<br />
II > 2.2°C mm/s and the < 5 minutes<br />
flame passes wet zone<br />
III < 2.2 mm/s 5 minutes <<br />
wet zone stops flame zone <strong>of</strong> reaction<br />
< 10 minutes<br />
Division 4.2<br />
Spontaneously combustible materials,<br />
including the pyrophorics and self-heating<br />
materials, are included in Division 4.2.<br />
Specific examples are potassium sulfide and<br />
aluminum borohydride.<br />
PG Pyrophoric Liquids Self-Heating Positive<br />
Test Cube Size<br />
I All Pyrophorics N/A<br />
II N/A 2.5 mm<br />
III N/A 10.0 mm<br />
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Division 4.3<br />
Dangerous when wet materials may ignite<br />
spontaneously or give <strong>of</strong>f flammable or toxic<br />
gas when in contact with water. Specific<br />
examples are aluminum carbide,<br />
ethyldichlorosilane, and metal alloys.<br />
Packing Group<br />
Evolution <strong>of</strong> Gases (Flammable gas<br />
evolution is measured in liters/<br />
kilograms per-time unit.)<br />
PG I<br />
PG II<br />
Spontaneous Ignition<br />
> 10 l/kg Any Minute<br />
> 20 l/kg Per-Hour<br />
PG III<br />
> 1 l/kg Per-Hour<br />
Class 5 Oxidizers<br />
Oxidizers release oxygen, which enhances the combustion<br />
<strong>of</strong> other materials. Class 5 materials are chemically active<br />
and are <strong>of</strong>ten involved in industrial reactions. For example,<br />
when an oxidizer is mixed with an organic, the result could<br />
be an explosion. Consequently, basic chemistry mandates<br />
isolation or segregation <strong>of</strong> Class 5 materials.<br />
Division 5.1<br />
An oxidizer is a material that may, by<br />
yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the<br />
combustion <strong>of</strong> organic materials, such as<br />
wood or solvents. Examples are nitrates<br />
and aluminum dichromates. Packing<br />
groups are determined by mean burn times<br />
<strong>of</strong> the unknown, then compared to burn<br />
time <strong>of</strong> either an ammonium persulfate<br />
mixture or a potassium perbromate mixture.<br />
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Packing Group<br />
Mean Burn Time<br />
PG I mbt < mbt KBrO 3<br />
PG II mbt > mbt KBrO 3<br />
mbt < mbt KClO 4<br />
PG III mbt > mbt KClO 4<br />
mbt < mbt (NH 4<br />
) 2<br />
S 2<br />
O 8<br />
(mbt = mean burn time)<br />
Division 5.2<br />
Organic peroxides are identified by hazard<br />
class/division 5.2. Specific packaging<br />
requirements can be found in 49 CFR<br />
173.225. Two significant hazards are<br />
associated with a 5.2 material:<br />
• The tendency to deflagrate<br />
• The tendency to detonate<br />
Consequently, all class 5.2 organic peroxides<br />
are found in Packing Group II. Special<br />
packaging requirements are necessary<br />
for the organic peroxides. Benzoyl peroxide<br />
is an example <strong>of</strong> a division 5.2 material.<br />
Activity<br />
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Class 6 Poisons<br />
Poisons are materials likely to harm human health if contacted.<br />
Poisons can enter the body by inhalation, ingestion,<br />
or absorption. The USDOT has also incorporated the<br />
etiological (disease causing materials) agents into hazard<br />
class 6. Packing Groups as well as hazard zones may be<br />
assigned to hazard class 6 materials. Chlorinated solvents,<br />
such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene chloride, are<br />
classified as Class 6.1 materials.<br />
Division 6.1<br />
Poisons are materials (other than gases)<br />
known to be toxic during transportation or<br />
have a toxic effect on test animals. Some<br />
division 6.1 poisons are poisonous by<br />
inhalation. Examples <strong>of</strong> 6.1 materials<br />
include: calcium cyanide, nicotine, and<br />
methyl isocyanate. The table below associates<br />
hazard zone and Packing Group to<br />
analytical data obtained for the poisons.<br />
Information can be found in RTECS (The<br />
Registry for Toxic Effects <strong>of</strong> Chemical<br />
Substances). The RTECS reference can be<br />
obtained through the local government<br />
bookstore.<br />
Packing Group Oral Toxicity Dermal Toxicity Inhalation Toxicity<br />
(mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dust/mist) (mg/L)<br />
I < 5 < 40 < 0.5<br />
II > 5 < 50 > 40 < 200 < 0.5 < 0.2<br />
III solids > 200 < 1000 > 2 < 10<br />
> 50 < 200<br />
liquids<br />
> 50 < 500<br />
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The packing group and hazard zone assignments for liquids<br />
based on inhalation <strong>of</strong> vapors must be in accordance with<br />
the following table:<br />
Packing Hazard Zone Vapor Concentration and Toxicity<br />
Group<br />
I A V > 500 LC 50<br />
and LC 50<br />
< 200 mL/M 3 .<br />
I B V > 10 LC 50<br />
; LC 50<br />
< 1000 mL/m 3 ;<br />
and the criteria for Packing Group I,<br />
Hazard Zone A are not met.<br />
II V > LC 50<br />
; LC 50<br />
< 3000 mL/m 3 ;<br />
and the criteria for Packing Group I<br />
are not met.<br />
III<br />
.<br />
V > .2 LC50; LC50 < 5000 mL/m3;<br />
and the criteria for Packing Groups I<br />
and II are not met.<br />
Division 6.2<br />
Substances that contain a viable microorganism<br />
or microbial toxin and have the<br />
potential to cause disease in humans or<br />
animals are regulated as hazardous materials,<br />
identified in hazard class/division 6.2.<br />
This includes biologically infectious materials<br />
or etiological agents. Examples <strong>of</strong><br />
class 6.2 materials include: blood, blood<br />
contaminated equipment, and aflatoxins.<br />
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Class 7 Radioactive Material<br />
A radioactive material emits ionizing radiation. Material<br />
with an activity <strong>of</strong> 0.002 micro curies per gram or more is<br />
subject to regulation. Activity is measured at the package<br />
surface. Materials within hazard class 7 do not have packing<br />
groups. Instead, Roman Numerals are used to communicate<br />
the intensity <strong>of</strong> the radiation emitted from the package.<br />
Radioactive III is assigned to packages emitting the<br />
most radiation.<br />
Radioactive III<br />
Radioactive II<br />
Radioactive I<br />
> 50 milliroentgens per hour<br />
(mr/hr)<br />
> .5 mr/hour and < 50 mr/hr<br />
< .5 mr/hr<br />
Examples <strong>of</strong> Class 7 materials include carbon 14, uranium<br />
235 and thorium compounds.<br />
Class 8 Corrosive Material<br />
A solid or liquid that causes irreversible harm to human<br />
skin (necrosis) over a specified (4 hour) period is regulated<br />
as a corrosive. A liquid causing severe corrosion<br />
(6.25 mm/g at 55 degrees C) on steel or aluminum is also<br />
regulated as a corrosive.<br />
As <strong>of</strong> December 29, 1994, the US DOT now allows the use<br />
<strong>of</strong> pH to determine corrosivity. Class 8 materials are<br />
chemically described as either acidic (a low pH) or basic (a<br />
high pH). Corrosives are assigned to packing groups based<br />
on necrosis time.<br />
There are no divisions associated with hazard class 8.<br />
Examples <strong>of</strong> corrosive materials include: mercury, battery<br />
acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.<br />
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PG<br />
Necrosis Time (Minutes)<br />
I < 3 min<br />
II<br />
III<br />
3 min < Necrosis Time < 60 min<br />
60 min < Necrosis Time < 240 min<br />
or<br />
1/4” corroding rates on steel or<br />
aluminum surfaces per year<br />
Generic shipping names must accurately describe the<br />
hazardous materials being transported. The term “Corrosive”<br />
is no longer descriptive enough. The words organic,<br />
inorganic, acid, and/or base must be included as part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proper shipping name. (i.e. corrosive liquid, acidic, organic,<br />
n.o.s.)<br />
Class 9 Miscellaneous<br />
Hazardous Materials<br />
This hazard class encompasses “everything else.” A material<br />
which “presents a hazard during transport, but which<br />
is not included in any other hazard class, may be transported<br />
as a class 9 hazardous material.” Any material<br />
regulated as a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, or<br />
marine pollutant must be regulated during transportation<br />
and described by hazard class 9. Listed below are the most<br />
common generic shipping names used to transport hazard<br />
class 9 materials.<br />
• Hazardous waste liquid, n.o.s., 9, NA 3082, III<br />
• Hazardous waste solid, n.o.s., 9, NA 3077, III<br />
• Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, n.o.s.,<br />
9, UN 3082, III<br />
• Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Solid, n.o.s., 9,<br />
UN 3077, III<br />
Notice the UN/NA Identification numbers. The numbers<br />
are different for liquids and for solids. It is recommended<br />
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that shippers use the “Environmentally Hazardous Substance”<br />
shipping name when shipping materials which do<br />
not appear on the hazardous materials table but are<br />
regulated by another federal agency (EPA or OSHA).<br />
Other Regulated Materials<br />
“ORM” hazard classes no longer exist. The exception is<br />
the ORM-D hazard class. Consumer commodities will be<br />
transported as an ORM-D. Materials packaged and distributed<br />
in a form intended for retail sale or for consumption<br />
by individuals for the purpose <strong>of</strong> personal care/household<br />
use are consumer commodities. Note that consumer commodities<br />
are not exempt from the hazardous material<br />
regulations. Instead, handle the consumer commodity as a<br />
specific hazardous material. Packaging requirements,<br />
marking requirements, and labeling requirements will be<br />
subject to US DOT regulation. Molten sulfur is an example<br />
<strong>of</strong> an ORM-D material.<br />
Activity<br />
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Shipping Papers<br />
Shipping papers communicate information regarding a<br />
material’s hazard and must accompany every hazardous<br />
materials shipment transported by train, plane, vessel or<br />
truck.<br />
Shipping papers available at an incident scene aid your<br />
emergency response. The U.S. DOT regulates transportation<br />
by several modes <strong>of</strong> transportation, including air,<br />
water, rail, and highway. Shipping papers are specific to<br />
the mode <strong>of</strong> transportation.<br />
Transportation Shipping Paper Responsible Person<br />
Mode Title<br />
Highway Bill <strong>of</strong> Lading or Uniform Driver<br />
Hazardous Waste Manifest<br />
Rail Waybill Crew<br />
Water Dangerous Cargo Manifest Captain<br />
Air Air Bill with Shipper’s Pilot<br />
Certification for Restricted<br />
Articles<br />
The following pages contain samples <strong>of</strong> shipping papers.<br />
Each shipper, also known as a consignor, can create shipping<br />
papers. However, Title 49 <strong>of</strong> the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal<br />
<strong>Regulations</strong> requires specific information on shipping<br />
papers, including:<br />
• Consignor (name, address)<br />
• Consignee (name, address)<br />
• Shippers Certification<br />
• Basic Shipping Description<br />
• Quantity Shipped<br />
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Basic Shipping Description<br />
The basic shipping description consists <strong>of</strong> four elements:<br />
• proper shipping name<br />
• hazard class<br />
• identification number<br />
• packing group<br />
You can find information needed for the basic shipping description<br />
in the hazardous materials table.<br />
Required<br />
Hazardous Materials<br />
Shipping Paper Table Column<br />
Information<br />
Proper Shipping Name 2<br />
Hazard Class 3<br />
Identification Number 4<br />
Packing Group 5<br />
Shipping papers communicate information based on the<br />
proper shipping name assigned to the hazardous material.<br />
There are two types <strong>of</strong> shipping names associated with<br />
hazardous materials. These shipping names are applicable<br />
for transportation <strong>of</strong> hazardous wastes, hazardous materials,<br />
or hazardous substances.<br />
Technical Shipping Names are used when transporting a<br />
single hazardous material. The word mixture or solution is<br />
added to the technical shipping name if the single hazardous<br />
material has been mixed with a non-hazardous or nonregulated<br />
ingredient.<br />
Generic Shipping Names are used when transporting a<br />
mixture <strong>of</strong> two or more hazardous materials. Identify the<br />
generic shipping name by the letters n.o.s. “End-use”<br />
names are also classified as generic shipping names.<br />
There are two pieces <strong>of</strong> information which may appear<br />
before the proper shipping name (PSN).<br />
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First, the word “waste” will appear before the PSN (if it is<br />
not a part <strong>of</strong> the shipping name) only if the hazardous<br />
material being transported is an EPA designated hazardous<br />
waste.<br />
Second, the letters “RQ” may appear before the PSN. The<br />
letters RQ will appear if the quantity transported, in a<br />
single container, exceeds the designated reportable quantity.<br />
Refer to Title 49 <strong>of</strong> the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
172.101 Appendix A. The table below lists examples <strong>of</strong><br />
basic shipping descriptions. Each example communicates<br />
information concerning a hazardous waste. When shipping<br />
a hazardous material, use the same information in the same<br />
order. The only difference is the omission <strong>of</strong> the word<br />
waste.<br />
Acetone, 3, UN1090, PG II<br />
RQ Environmentally Hazardous Substance, liquid, n.o.s., 9,<br />
UN 3082, III (PCBs or Polychlorinated Biphenyls)<br />
RQ Hazardous Waste, Solid, n.o.s., 9, NA 3077,<br />
III (D008)<br />
Benzonitrile, 6.1, UN 2224, II<br />
RQ Waste Formaldehyde, solutions, flammable, 3,<br />
UN2209, III<br />
To be current, the shipping papers must:<br />
• Use numerical divisions and hazard classes<br />
• Communicate information concerning packing groups<br />
in Roman Numerals<br />
Classification <strong>of</strong> Materials<br />
Containing Multiple Hazards<br />
Hazardous materials can contain multiple hazards. When<br />
multiple hazards are present, determine the hazard precedence<br />
by use <strong>of</strong> the following series <strong>of</strong> tables.<br />
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Step 1 Class 7<br />
Step 2 Class 2.3<br />
Step 3 Class 2.1<br />
Step 4 Class 2.2<br />
Step 5<br />
Class 6.1 which are PIH<br />
Step 6 Class 4.2<br />
Step 7 Class 4.1<br />
Step 8<br />
Step 9<br />
Use Precedence Chart*<br />
Combustible Liquids<br />
Step 10 Class 9<br />
The Precedence Chart should only be used if items 1<br />
through 7 are not applicable.<br />
Directions for use <strong>of</strong> the Precedence Hazard Table on the<br />
following page:<br />
First, determine the hazard class and packing group for<br />
each constituent material in the mixture. Utilize the table<br />
like a multiplication chart, plug information from one<br />
constituent along the top and information from the second<br />
constituent along the left. The point <strong>of</strong> intersection determines<br />
the primary hazard. The subsidiary hazard is NOT<br />
represented on the chart.<br />
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Precedence Table<br />
1<br />
There are at present no established criteria for determining Packing Groups for liquids in Division 5.1.<br />
2<br />
Substances <strong>of</strong> Division 4.1 other than self-reactive substances.<br />
3 (3) denotes an impossible combination.<br />
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Labeling and Marking<br />
Hazardous materials containers must be properly<br />
marked and labeled before transport. Labels represent<br />
the hazard <strong>of</strong> the material in the package.<br />
Labels are dictated by the U.S. DOT. Labels specified<br />
in column 6 <strong>of</strong> the Hazardous Materials Table<br />
are required during shipment domestically or<br />
internationally. These labels will help responders<br />
identify materials involved in an incident.<br />
Labels<br />
A label describes the hazards <strong>of</strong> the material within a<br />
container. Examples <strong>of</strong> labels include the hazard label and<br />
the inhalation hazard label (if applicable).<br />
When the hazardous material presents multiple hazards,<br />
multiple labels must be used. The first label listed in<br />
column 6 is the primary hazard label; all others are<br />
subsidiary hazard labels. Warning labels should be<br />
placed within six inches <strong>of</strong> the product or waste label and<br />
no more than six inches from each other. Also, the primary<br />
label should be above and to the left <strong>of</strong> the subsidiary label.<br />
Remember the subsidiary label will not have a number in<br />
the bottom corner indicating hazard class.<br />
Placement <strong>of</strong> Labels<br />
Labels should be located near the proper shipping name<br />
and on the same surface. Labels should not be placed on<br />
the bottom <strong>of</strong> a container and must be visible even while<br />
riding in a vehicle. The label may not be obscured by<br />
markings or other attachments and labels must be indicative<br />
<strong>of</strong> the hazard the material presents. It is illegal to place<br />
labels on containers which present no hazard.<br />
Marking Requirements<br />
A marking is information that is placed onto the container<br />
<strong>of</strong> a hazardous material before shipping. Markings do not<br />
describe the hazard associated with the material, instead a<br />
marking describes the package and the material inside the<br />
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package. Markings can also indicate package orientation.<br />
Preprinted forms containing marking information can be<br />
applied to the container and/or markings can be indelibly<br />
marked (engraved, molded, or printed) onto the container.<br />
Marking requirements are divided into five components.<br />
Proper shipping names<br />
Technical names<br />
Special hazard warnings<br />
Exemptions<br />
Consignee name<br />
and address<br />
Include identification numbers<br />
Only for material shipped under<br />
a generic shipping name<br />
Package orientation marking<br />
Ex: “Inhalation Hazard”<br />
“Marine Pollutant”<br />
“RQ”<br />
There are occasions when the material that is<br />
transported can be placed in containers that<br />
have an exemption. If for some reason a<br />
material is covered by an exemption, then<br />
the container should be marked with DOT-E<br />
followed by the exemption number that has<br />
been assigned by DOT.<br />
The consignor is the organization where a<br />
shipment begins. Shipments are made to the<br />
consignee.<br />
Inhalation Hazard<br />
Inhalation hazard markings are required for Division 2.3<br />
materials and Division 6.1 materials which are poisonous<br />
by inhalation. The words “Poison-Inhalation Hazard” and<br />
the words “Hazard Zone A”, “Hazard Zone B”, “Hazard<br />
Zone C”, or “Hazard Zone D” will be entered on the shipping<br />
paper in association with the shipping description.<br />
The words “Inhalation Hazard” will be:<br />
• Entered on each shipping paper in association with the<br />
shipping description<br />
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• Marked on each non bulk package in association with<br />
the proper shipping name and identification number<br />
• Marked on two opposite sides <strong>of</strong> each bulk package.<br />
Size <strong>of</strong> markings on bulk packages must conform to<br />
172.302 (b) <strong>of</strong> this subchapter<br />
Inhalation hazard labels should be within two inches <strong>of</strong> the<br />
product label and on the top <strong>of</strong> the container.<br />
This End Up<br />
All non bulk combination packages <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials<br />
having inner packaging containing liquid hazardous materials<br />
must be:<br />
• Packed with closures, upward<br />
• Legibly marked with package orientation arrows (ISO<br />
standard) on two opposite vertical sides with the arrows<br />
pointing up<br />
Note: Although arrows for purposes other than indicating<br />
proper package orientation may not be displayed, exceptions<br />
do exist.<br />
This marking is applied to containers which hold “nonspecification”<br />
inner packaging <strong>of</strong> liquid hazardous materials.<br />
An outer package which contains an inner package is<br />
known as a combination package. The inner packages may<br />
be containers made <strong>of</strong> glass, plastic, or even metal. The<br />
inner packages do not have to be U.S.DOT approved<br />
containers. Combination packages are not only marked<br />
with orientation arrows but must also have the inner package<br />
closures oriented upward. Orientation arrows requirements<br />
do not apply if the inner package:<br />
• Is a cylinder<br />
• Contains one liter or less <strong>of</strong> a flammable liquid and is<br />
being transported by rail, highway, or vessel<br />
• Contains liquids which are a part <strong>of</strong> a leak-tight manufactured<br />
article<br />
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Requirements when using “This End Up” labels:<br />
• All inner packaging containing liquids must be arranged<br />
so that their openings correspond to the label arrow<br />
direction.<br />
• The outside container must be marked with package<br />
orientation labels on two opposite sides.<br />
• These package orientation labels must meet certain<br />
standards, meaning that they cannot be drawn on the<br />
container.<br />
Activity<br />
U.S. DOT Package Marking<br />
As <strong>of</strong> October 1, 1994, only UN approved packages will be<br />
produced. Package markings must be indelibly entered onto<br />
the package and indicate UN approval. UN package markings<br />
are required for packages containing hazardous materials.<br />
The United Nations specification containers use a<br />
standard code to designate container type. The code consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> the following nine parts:<br />
• UN Symbol<br />
• Package code<br />
• Packing group code<br />
• Gross mass<br />
• Solid or liquid packaging<br />
• Year <strong>of</strong> manufacture<br />
• Country where package was tested<br />
• Registered code <strong>of</strong> manufacturer<br />
• Reconditioning certification<br />
Part 1 (UN Symbol)<br />
The UN symbol looks like this:<br />
U<br />
N<br />
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Part 2 (Package Code)<br />
1 A H 2<br />
The packaging code consists <strong>of</strong> numbers and letters. The<br />
first number communicates information concerning the type<br />
<strong>of</strong> package.<br />
1) Drum<br />
2) Wooden Barrel<br />
3) Jerrican<br />
4) Box<br />
5) Bag<br />
6) Composite Packaging<br />
7) Pressure receptacles<br />
The letter or letters indicate package construction<br />
material(s).<br />
A) Steel<br />
B) Aluminum<br />
C) Natural Wood<br />
D) Plywood<br />
G) Fiberboard<br />
H) Plastic<br />
L) Textile<br />
M) Paper, multiwall<br />
N) Metal (other than steel or aluminum<br />
P) Glass, porcelain or stoneware<br />
The last number identifies the package closure or lid<br />
1. Closed Top<br />
2. Open Top<br />
Part 3<br />
The packing group is also designated within the package<br />
marking. Use the following key to signify packing groups<br />
acceptable for transport within the package.<br />
• X* = for Packing Group I, II, and III<br />
• Y = for Packing Group II and III<br />
• Z = for Packing Group III<br />
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Note: “X” containers must meet the most stringent standards<br />
and severe package testing requirements, thus any<br />
packing group can be shipped in “X” containers.<br />
Testing requirements include, but are not limited to:<br />
• Drop Test<br />
• Vibration Test<br />
• Leakpro<strong>of</strong> Test and<br />
• Stacking Test.<br />
The severity <strong>of</strong> the test requirement is indicated by the<br />
material the package can contain. If the package is designed<br />
to contain a Packing Group I material, then the most<br />
stringent performance requirements must be met. For<br />
example, the performance standards for the drop test <strong>of</strong> an<br />
“X” package require that the container be dropped from a<br />
height <strong>of</strong> approximately six feet without leaking or denting.<br />
A “Y” package is dropped from a height <strong>of</strong> approximately<br />
four feet, and a “Z” package is dropped from a height <strong>of</strong><br />
about two feet without denting or leaking. The most dangerous<br />
materials will be shipped in the strongest package.<br />
Part 4<br />
Packages intended to house solid materials will be tested in<br />
accordance with a pre-determined statistical quality control<br />
plan. Packages intended to house a solid will have an “S”<br />
in box four. The number listed in conjunction with the “S”<br />
indicates the gross mass (in kilograms) to be housed by the<br />
package. In the following example, the container is intended<br />
for only a solid and the maximum gross weight<br />
associated with the container is 165 kilograms.<br />
S 165<br />
If a package is designated to contain liquids, two numbers<br />
will appear in box four. The first number communicates the<br />
maximum specific gravity the container can hold. The<br />
second number communicates (in kilopascal) the pressure<br />
the container was tested under.<br />
1.4 160<br />
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Every container intended to house a liquid must be performance<br />
tested. In the above example, the container is<br />
intended to house a liquid, in fact the maximum specific<br />
gravity associated with the liquid is 1.4 gm/cm 3 . In addition,<br />
the container was tested in the leakpro<strong>of</strong> test under<br />
160 kpscal <strong>of</strong> pressure.<br />
Part 5 through 7<br />
Box 5 - The year <strong>of</strong> manufacture is listed in box 5.<br />
Appearing in box 5 will be the last two<br />
digits associated with the calendar year in<br />
which the container was made.<br />
Box 6 -<br />
Box 7 -<br />
The symbol for the country where the<br />
container was manufactured will be listed in<br />
box 6. American manufactured UN containers<br />
will have a USA in box 6.<br />
The last standard part <strong>of</strong> the UN marking<br />
will be the name <strong>of</strong> the manufacturer’s name<br />
or registered symbol (U.S. DOT registered).<br />
Part 8<br />
A thickness will be included in the marking only if the<br />
container may be re-used. If a thickness (in mm) does not<br />
appear as the last part <strong>of</strong> the marking then the container is a<br />
single use container. The container must never be retested<br />
for reuse. If the thickness exceeds 8 mm, then the container<br />
can only be reused after retesting. Send the DOT empty<br />
container to an approved re-conditioner, who will restamp<br />
the container once the performance retest has been completed.<br />
Example <strong>of</strong> a UN Code<br />
Package intended for solid material<br />
U<br />
N<br />
1AH2 Y 145 S 92 USA VL 6mm<br />
824<br />
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Package intended for a liquid material<br />
U 1AH2 Y 1.4 92 USA VL 6mm<br />
Re-tested package label<br />
10-93 USA VL824 RL<br />
DOT Load Segregation<br />
DOT outlines specific segregation and separation requirements<br />
for hazardous materials shipments. The segregation<br />
table on the next page will help you determine the relative<br />
compatibility <strong>of</strong> materials during a hazardous materials<br />
incident. This does not show the hazards <strong>of</strong> chemicals<br />
mixing or the resultant product <strong>of</strong> the mix. Extreme caution<br />
should be exercised when chemicals mix.<br />
Activity<br />
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Instructions for the Segregation Table <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Materials<br />
1. No restrictions are applicable if there is a blank space.<br />
2. “X” indicates that materials cannot be loaded, transported, or stored together in the same transport vehicle.<br />
3. The letter “O” in the Table indicates that these materials may not be loaded, transported, or stored together in<br />
the same transport vehicle or storage facility during the course <strong>of</strong> transportation unless separated in a manner<br />
that, in the event <strong>of</strong> leakage from packages under conditions normally incident to transportation, commingling <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous materials would not occur. Not-withstanding the methods <strong>of</strong> separation employed, Class 8 (corrosive)<br />
liquids may not be loaded above or adjacent to Class 4 (flammable) or Class 5 ( oxidizing) materials; except that<br />
shippers may load truckload shipments <strong>of</strong> such materials together when it is known that the mixture <strong>of</strong> contents<br />
would not cause a fire or a dangerous evolution <strong>of</strong> heat or gas.<br />
4. “A” indicates that ammonium nitrate fertilizer may be loaded or stored with Division 1.1 (Class A explosive) or<br />
Division 1.5 (blasting agent) materials. Refer to the Explosive table in order to determine compatibility groups.<br />
5. When a package has a subsidiary hazard label, segregation appropriate to the subsidiary hazard must be applied<br />
when that segregation is more restrictive than that required by the primary hazard.<br />
6. Cyanides or cyanide mixtures cannot be loaded or stored with acids.<br />
7. Division 6.1, PG I, Zone A cannot be loaded, transported, or stored with Class 3, Class 4, and Class 5.<br />
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Occupational Safety<br />
and Health<br />
Administration (OSHA)<br />
Questions<br />
1. Is your state covered by OSHA or subject to EPA<br />
standards?<br />
2. How do regulations from these two agencies differ?<br />
The second phase <strong>of</strong> a hazardous materials life cycle is<br />
receipt <strong>of</strong> the material into a facility and its subsequent use.<br />
After a DOT hazardous material is received into a facility, it<br />
is no longer regulated by DOT because it is no longer being<br />
transported. Inside the facility, the safe use and marking or<br />
communication <strong>of</strong> the hazards <strong>of</strong> the product is now regulated<br />
by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration<br />
(OSHA). Title 29 <strong>of</strong> the CFR deals with Worker Protection.<br />
This two-set volume <strong>of</strong> regulations covers a broad range <strong>of</strong><br />
workers. We will specifically address those workers who<br />
are considered to work in general industry.<br />
Regulated Sites<br />
There are many different types <strong>of</strong> sites that use or store<br />
hazardous materials. Generators have disposal storage areas<br />
where waste is picked up. These areas may be inside or<br />
outside. Superfund sites are usually larger old dump sites<br />
where containers are being extracted from the ground.<br />
Clean-up sites can be small spills from tank cars or nearby<br />
roadways or can be areas contaminated from industrial<br />
equipment use. Waste from generators may pass through a<br />
transfer and storage facility where containers are moved<br />
from one transportation vehicle to another. Hazardous<br />
materials are also used during production at many industrial<br />
sites. Training is required for involvement in emergency<br />
response to incidents at these industrial sites.<br />
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Minimizing Work Place Hazards<br />
To work in a safe and healthy environment, workers must<br />
participate actively in a comprehensive safety program.<br />
One key element <strong>of</strong> any safety program is the goal to<br />
minimize hazards in the work place. In order to successfully<br />
minimize hazards, you must first determine which<br />
hazards are present. To minimize risks, employers typically<br />
institute a health and safety program that is cyclic and<br />
includes three phases: recognition, evaluation, and control.<br />
The first step is recognizing or identifying real and potential<br />
hazards and risks. Second, employers evaluate the effect<br />
these hazards have on the work force and compare these<br />
effects against industry standards. Finally, employers are<br />
required to outline methods <strong>of</strong> hazard control. No employer<br />
is permitted to expose workers to a chemical hazard in<br />
excess <strong>of</strong> OSHA designated levels.<br />
Compliance<br />
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, created<br />
within the Department <strong>of</strong> Labor, outlines requirements<br />
including training for individuals working with hazardous<br />
chemicals. These health and safety requirements are found<br />
in 29 CFR 1910. OSHA also assists in creation <strong>of</strong> personal<br />
protective equipment standards and helps in regulation <strong>of</strong><br />
specific processes, including lockout/tagout, confined space<br />
entry, and electrical safety. In its procedures, OSHA guarantees<br />
employers and employees the right to be fully informed,<br />
to participate actively, and to appeal actions.<br />
OSHA’s scope includes all employers and their employees<br />
in the 50 states, the District <strong>of</strong> Columbia, Puerto Rico, and<br />
all other territories under Federal Government jurisdiction.<br />
Those persons not covered under OSHA include:<br />
• Self-employed persons<br />
• Farms at which family members are employed<br />
• Work places already protected by other federal<br />
programs under other federal statutes<br />
Some states are covered by OSHA regulations; others are<br />
not. States not covered by OSHA are subject to EPA health<br />
and safety standards.<br />
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Standards Promulgated by OSHA<br />
OSHA is responsible for promulgating legally enforceable<br />
standards. OSHA standards fall into four categories:<br />
• General Industry<br />
• Maritime<br />
• Construction<br />
• Agriculture<br />
Occupational Illness and Injury<br />
Facilities with 11 or more employees must maintain records<br />
<strong>of</strong> occupational injuries and illnesses as they occur. An<br />
occupational injury is an injury such as a cut, fracture,<br />
sprain or amputation which results from a work-related<br />
accident or from exposure involving a single incident in the<br />
work place. An occupational illness is any abnormal<br />
condition or disorder other than one resulting from an<br />
injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated<br />
with employment. Included are acute and chronic<br />
illness or diseases which may be caused by inhalation,<br />
absorption, ingestion, or direct contact with toxic substances<br />
or harmful agents.<br />
Safety and Health Programs<br />
All employees are required to comply with a health and<br />
safety program. Most facilities choose to extend this<br />
program to contractors, subcontractors, visitors, regulatory<br />
agency personnel, and site owners or their representatives.<br />
The rights and responsibilities <strong>of</strong> employees and the employer<br />
are described by OSHA.<br />
OSHA has several standards that apply to the health and<br />
safety <strong>of</strong> workers. Some <strong>of</strong> the standards that apply to<br />
industry are:<br />
29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication<br />
29 CFR 1910.120 Hazwoper<br />
29 CFR 1910.146 Confined Space<br />
29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens<br />
29 CFR 1910.147 The Control <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Energy<br />
29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and Face Protection<br />
29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection<br />
29 CFR 1910.135 Occupational Head Protection<br />
29 CFR 1910.136 Occupational Foot Protection<br />
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29 CFR 1910.138 Occupational Hand Protection<br />
29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure<br />
Following is an overview <strong>of</strong> these standards.<br />
Hazard Communication<br />
Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)<br />
OSHA has written a standard that requires employers to<br />
identify the hazards present in the work place. The hazard<br />
communication standard, written in 1987, outlines methods<br />
for identifying and communicating the presence <strong>of</strong> hazards.<br />
Also known as the employee Right-to-Know law, the<br />
hazard communication standard applies to all chemicals<br />
that pose hazards to the workers. This standard categorizes<br />
chemicals based on their threat to human health. Hazards<br />
at hazardous waste operations and emergency response<br />
sites can be classed into two categories: safety hazards and<br />
chemical hazards.<br />
Chemical hazards pose either a health hazard or a physical<br />
hazard to the worker. While there are two broad categories<br />
<strong>of</strong> hazards, the hazard communication standard only addresses<br />
the chemical hazards present in the work place.<br />
Safety hazards consist <strong>of</strong> hazards such as noise or thermal<br />
extremes. Safety hazards result from conditions in the<br />
work place that might harm workers. Safety hazards<br />
include:<br />
• High noise levels<br />
• Oxygen deficient or enriched conditions<br />
• Shock hazards<br />
• Static discharges<br />
• Mechanical hazards<br />
• Thermal extremes<br />
• Poor ergonomics<br />
• Hazards from welding/cutting/brazing operations<br />
• Excavation hazards<br />
• Hazards from ionizing radiation<br />
Safety hazards can be identified in the work place using<br />
good hazard communication labels. Various types <strong>of</strong><br />
hazards are shown on the following pages.<br />
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Types <strong>of</strong> Hazards<br />
Hazards<br />
v<br />
v<br />
v<br />
Safety<br />
Chemical<br />
v<br />
v<br />
Physical<br />
v<br />
Health<br />
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Chemical Hazards<br />
Health<br />
v<br />
v v v v v v<br />
Carcinogens Sensitizers Irritants Reproductive Corrosives Poisons<br />
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Chemical Hazards<br />
Physical<br />
Explosives Flammables Reactives Oxidizers<br />
Pyrophoric<br />
Combustibles<br />
Water<br />
Air<br />
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HAZWOPER<br />
(29 CFR 1910.120)<br />
OSHA’s 29 CFR 1910.120 deals with hazardous waste<br />
operations and emergency response. The standard targets<br />
three separate groups <strong>of</strong> workers including:<br />
• Employees who work at RCRA facilities<br />
• Employees who respond to emergencies<br />
• Employees who work at clean-up sites dealing with<br />
hazardous substances<br />
29 CFR 1910.120 is divided into seventeen paragraphs, A<br />
through q, and includes requirements such as medical<br />
monitoring, health and safety plans, and site characterization.<br />
Employees who work at RCRA facilities are covered<br />
by paragraph P. Employees who work at clean-up sites are<br />
covered by paragraphs B through O. <strong>Fire</strong> fighters who<br />
handle emergency response are covered by paragraph Q.<br />
A breakdown <strong>of</strong> paragraphs B through P is in Appendix B<br />
<strong>of</strong> this module. Paragraph q is described here.<br />
Paragraph Q — Emergency Response<br />
This paragraph covers employees who are responding to an<br />
emergency response regardless <strong>of</strong> the location. Elements <strong>of</strong><br />
paragraph Q include:<br />
A. Development <strong>of</strong> an Emergency Response Plan with the<br />
following elements:<br />
• Pre-emergency planning with outside parties<br />
• Personnel roles, lines <strong>of</strong> authority and communication<br />
• Emergency recognition and prevention<br />
• Safe distances and places <strong>of</strong> refuge<br />
• Site security and control<br />
• Evacuation routes and procedures<br />
• Decontamination procedures<br />
• Emergency medical treatment and first aid<br />
• Emergency alerting and response procedures<br />
• Critique <strong>of</strong> response and follow-up<br />
• PPE and emergency equipment<br />
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B. Procedures for handling emergency response<br />
C. Skilled support personnel<br />
D. Specialist employees<br />
E. Training. Five levels <strong>of</strong> training are outlined. These<br />
five levels follow a hierarchy in terms <strong>of</strong> training and<br />
responsibility for responding to an emergency. The five<br />
levels (in ascending order <strong>of</strong> responsibility) are:<br />
1. First Responder Awareness Level: Use senses and<br />
job knowledge to be alert to an emergency and<br />
initiate the ER team.<br />
2. First Responder Operations Level: Recognize an<br />
emergency and take a defensive posture by isolating<br />
the area and containing the release.<br />
3. Hazardous Materials Technician: Recognize the<br />
hazards <strong>of</strong> the release and take an <strong>of</strong>fensive posture<br />
by stopping the release.<br />
4. Hazardous Materials Specialist: Support the technician<br />
with a more specialized knowledge <strong>of</strong> the<br />
hazards present.<br />
5. On-site Incident Commander: The most senior<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficial at the scene. Responsible for making the<br />
decisions and assigning duties.<br />
F. Trainers<br />
G. Refresher training<br />
H. Medical surveillance and consultation<br />
I. Chemical protective clothing<br />
J. Post-emergency response operations. Post emergency<br />
response operations include possible removal <strong>of</strong> hazardous<br />
substances, health hazards and contaminated materials.<br />
This section was designed to introduce the various OSHA<br />
standards that are in place today to protect the worker from<br />
particular safety, physical and health hazards. To find out<br />
specific information, refer to the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong><br />
and your local and state regulations.<br />
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Other OSHA Standards<br />
1910.146<br />
The Confined Space Standard identifies requirements for<br />
confined space entry as well as practices and procedures to<br />
protect employees from the hazards <strong>of</strong> permit-required<br />
confined spaces.<br />
1910.1030<br />
The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard covers occupational<br />
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials.<br />
This standard focuses on communicable disease such as<br />
HIV and Hepatitis B.<br />
1910.147<br />
The Control <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Energy, more commonly known<br />
as Lockout/Tagout (LO/TO) Standard establishes minimum<br />
performance requirements for control <strong>of</strong> energization (start<br />
up) <strong>of</strong> machines or equipment, or the release <strong>of</strong> stored<br />
energy that could cause injury. This standard requires<br />
employers to publish a written LO/TO program. Facilities<br />
are required to institute policies and procedures which<br />
protect workers from mechanical hazards during routine<br />
maintenance.<br />
1910.133<br />
In 1910.133, OSHA identifies acceptable eye and face<br />
protection. Eye and face protection are required when a<br />
reasonable probability <strong>of</strong> injury exists.<br />
1910.134<br />
The primary objective <strong>of</strong> the Respiratory Protection Standard<br />
is to control occupational disease caused by breathing<br />
contaminated air. Breathing air is contaminated when<br />
harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, sprays, or vapors<br />
exist in the work place.<br />
1910.135<br />
The Occupational Head Protection Standard requires<br />
workers to wear protective helmets when working in areas<br />
where the potential for head injury exists due to falling<br />
objects.<br />
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1910.136<br />
The Protective Footwear Standard protects employees<br />
working in areas where harmful foot exposure exists.<br />
Protective footwear must be issued when hazards from<br />
falling and/or rolling objects, objects piercing the sole, or<br />
even electrical hazards are present in the work place.<br />
1910.138<br />
Protective hand protection is mandated when employees’<br />
hands are exposed to one or more <strong>of</strong> the following conditions:<br />
skin absorption <strong>of</strong> harmful substances, severe cuts or<br />
lacerations, severe abrasions, punctures, chemical burns,<br />
thermal burns, and/or temperature extremes.<br />
1910.95<br />
The Occupational Noise Protection Standard identifies the<br />
type <strong>of</strong> protection necessary against a variety <strong>of</strong> noise<br />
exposures. In addition, the standard requires facilities to<br />
establish a hearing conservation program and communicate<br />
the effects <strong>of</strong> noise exposure.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> these standards are referenced in 29 CFR 1910.120.<br />
In order to adequately protect the emergency response<br />
worker or the site worker, facilities must have an extensive<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> the standards covered above. Since 29<br />
CFR 1910.120 covers these workers, we will take an indepth<br />
look at this particular standard.<br />
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Environmental<br />
Protection Agency<br />
The third phase <strong>of</strong> a product’s life cycle is the waste cycle.<br />
After a material has been used in a facility, it may be<br />
reprocessed and redistributed, or disposed <strong>of</strong>. Either way,<br />
a new set <strong>of</strong> regulations, enforced by the Environmental<br />
Protection Agency (EPA), take effect.<br />
U.S. EPA regulates the federal system <strong>of</strong> hazardous waste<br />
management. It establishes and enforces environmental<br />
regulations, including rules for the management <strong>of</strong> solid<br />
and hazardous wastes. In 1972, the Environmental Protection<br />
Agency was formally incorporated as a part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Labor. Unfortunately the EPA had no<br />
enforcement power. In 1976, Congress voted yes on a<br />
landmark decision and the Resource Conservation and<br />
Recovery Act (RCRA) was voted into law. EPA enforces<br />
RCRA. Over the next decade, Congress repeatedly stressed<br />
environmental issues in a series <strong>of</strong> laws assigning environmental<br />
responsibility to corporate America. Since 1976,<br />
the number <strong>of</strong> environmental regulations has greatly increased.<br />
Environmental laws enacted by Congress include:<br />
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)<br />
• Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation<br />
and Liability Act (CERCLA)<br />
• Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act<br />
(SARA)<br />
• Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)<br />
• Clean Air Act (CAA)<br />
This section takes a closer look at those environmental<br />
regulations with the greatest impact on health and safety<br />
concerns.<br />
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The Resource Conservation<br />
and Recovery Act (RCRA)<br />
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act has been<br />
incorporated into the 40 CFR, specifically part 260 through<br />
270. RCRA is regulated by the Environmental Protection<br />
Agency. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,<br />
written in 1976, was the first comprehensive federal effort<br />
to deal with solid and hazardous waste. Subtitle C <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Act was to form and enforce regulations concerning tracking<br />
and managing hazardous wastes from the point <strong>of</strong><br />
generation to the ultimate disposal—“cradle to grave”<br />
management.<br />
RCRA states that persons managing solid wastes are<br />
charged with the responsibility <strong>of</strong> identifying those wastes<br />
which meet one or more <strong>of</strong> the characteristics <strong>of</strong> hazardous<br />
wastes. Such persons are responsible also for providing<br />
notification to EPA <strong>of</strong> any waste disposal activity involving<br />
hazardous wastes. Persons who have solid wastes that meet<br />
the definition <strong>of</strong> hazardous wastes are known as generators.<br />
Generators have the responsibility to manage hazardous<br />
wastes according to generator standards. These standards<br />
include preparing manifests to track the shipment <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous waste from the generation point to the ultimate<br />
treatment or disposal site. Generators must also use those<br />
transporters and treatment, storage, or disposal facilities<br />
(TSDF) that are appropriately licensed by the federal and<br />
state governments. Finally, RCRA gave the EPA the power<br />
to enforce the regulations written and adopted in title 40 <strong>of</strong><br />
the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong>.<br />
The following list outlines the regulations listed in the 40<br />
CFR that are applicable to RCRA. It is this portion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
regulation where definitions and generator requirements are<br />
found.<br />
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Subpart A<br />
General<br />
Section 261.1<br />
Section 261.2<br />
Section 261.3<br />
Section 261.4<br />
Section 261.5<br />
Section 261.6<br />
Section 261.7<br />
Section 261.8<br />
Purpose and scope<br />
Definition <strong>of</strong> solid waste<br />
Definition <strong>of</strong> hazardous waste<br />
Exclusions<br />
Special requirements for hazardous<br />
waste generated by conditionally exempt<br />
small quantity generators<br />
Requirements for recyclable materials<br />
Residues <strong>of</strong> hazardous waste in empty<br />
containers<br />
PCB wastes regulated under Toxic<br />
Substance Control Act<br />
Subpart B<br />
Criteria for Identifying the Characteristics <strong>of</strong><br />
Hazardous Waste and for Listing Hazardous<br />
Wastes<br />
Section 261.10<br />
Section 261.11<br />
Criteria for identifying the characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> hazardous waste<br />
Criteria for listing hazardous waste<br />
Subpart C<br />
Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Waste<br />
Section 261.20<br />
Section 261.21<br />
Section 261.22<br />
Section 261.23<br />
Section 261.24<br />
General<br />
Characteristic <strong>of</strong> ignitability<br />
Characteristic <strong>of</strong> corrosivity<br />
Characteristic <strong>of</strong> reactivity<br />
Toxicity characteristic<br />
Subpart D<br />
Lists <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Wastes<br />
Section 261.30<br />
Section 261.31<br />
Section 261.33<br />
Section 261.35<br />
General<br />
Hazardous wastes from non-specific<br />
sources<br />
Discarded commercial chemical<br />
products, <strong>of</strong>f-specification species,<br />
container residues, and spill residues<br />
there<strong>of</strong><br />
Deletion <strong>of</strong> certain hazardous waste<br />
codes following equipment cleaning and<br />
replacement<br />
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Definitions<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the basic purposes for RCRA, as it was written in<br />
1976, was to establish a framework for environmental law<br />
and regulation. RCRA began by defining waste. Definitions<br />
then snowballed and as the environmental laws appear<br />
today, the most complex issue has been in keeping the<br />
definitions straight. The following definitions are encountered<br />
throughout the 40 CFR 261.<br />
Solid Waste<br />
This is a material that has been discarded by a generator,<br />
regardless <strong>of</strong> intent. The material may be intended for<br />
recycling or reclamation and must be classified and consequently<br />
regulated as a waste. A material can be declared to<br />
be a solid waste regardless <strong>of</strong> physical state (a solid, liquid,<br />
or gas).<br />
Lab Sample<br />
Lab samples are not considered waste, but must be labeled<br />
in accordance with DOT regulations.<br />
Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Waste<br />
A waste is declared to be a hazardous waste if it meets the<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> a solid waste and the definition <strong>of</strong> a characteristic<br />
waste. A characteristic waste exhibits one <strong>of</strong> four<br />
hazardous characteristics:<br />
• Ignitability<br />
• Corrosivity<br />
• Reactivity<br />
• Toxicity<br />
Each <strong>of</strong> the four hazardous characteristics are measurable.<br />
Each characteristic has a specific lab-based analysis associated<br />
with it. For example, a waste is ignitable if the flash<br />
point is less than or equal to 140 0 F. A flash point less than<br />
140 0 F indicates the waste is hazardous and should carry a<br />
D001 waste code.<br />
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Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Ignitable Waste (D001)<br />
All solid waste that exhibits the characteristic <strong>of</strong> ignitability<br />
carries the EPA designated hazardous waste code <strong>of</strong> D001.<br />
EPA regulation 40 CFR 261.21 describes four types <strong>of</strong><br />
ignitable hazardous wastes:<br />
• Liquids having a flash point below 140 o F (These waste<br />
streams must be non-aqueous solutions containing less<br />
than twenty-four percent by volume <strong>of</strong> alcohol.)<br />
• Non-liquids (solids, rather than gases) that may cause<br />
fire through friction, absorption <strong>of</strong> moisture, or spontaneous<br />
chemical changes<br />
• Certain ignitable compressed gases<br />
• Oxidizers, as defined in 49 CFR 173.151 (An oxidizer<br />
is a substance, such as a chlorate, permanganate, inorganic<br />
peroxide, or nitrate, that readily yields oxygen to<br />
energize the combustion <strong>of</strong> organic matter.)<br />
Examples <strong>of</strong> D001 hazardous wastes include: acetone, hydrogen<br />
gas; potassium sulfide; and sodium nitrate.<br />
Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Corrosive Waste (D002)<br />
The EPA definition <strong>of</strong> a corrosive waste (40 CFR 261.22)<br />
uses two terms - aqueous solution and liquid. Aqueous<br />
solution is not formally defined in the regulations but, as<br />
noted by the EPA, aqueous refers to any solution in which<br />
the primary component is water. Therefore, water must<br />
compose at least fifty percent by weight <strong>of</strong> an aqueous<br />
solution. A corrosive waste, then, is:<br />
• An aqueous solution with a pH less than or equal to 2 or<br />
greater than or equal to 12.5<br />
• A liquid that corrodes steel faster than .250 inch per<br />
year.<br />
Corrosive hazardous wastes, identified by EPA Code D002,<br />
include: sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric<br />
acid, and ammonium hydroxide.<br />
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Characteristics <strong>of</strong> Reactive Waste (D003)<br />
40 CFR 261.23 defines a reactive hazardous waste stream<br />
as follows:<br />
• Normally unstable and readily undergoes violent<br />
changes without detonating<br />
• Can react violently with other waste(s)<br />
• Forms potentially explosive mixtures with water<br />
• Generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes when mixed<br />
with water that are a danger to human health or the<br />
environment<br />
• Cyanide or sulfide-bearing wastes which can generate<br />
toxic gases, vapors, or fumes when exposed to pH<br />
conditions between 2 and 12.5<br />
Examples <strong>of</strong> reactive hazardous wastes (D003) include:<br />
potassium cyanide; lithium aluminum hydride; and<br />
trimethylchlorosilane.<br />
Characteristic <strong>of</strong> Toxic Waste (D004-D043)<br />
EPA waste codes D004 through D043 have been designated<br />
to specific organic and inorganic chemicals that are toxic.<br />
The definition can be found in 40 CFR 261.24. The existence<br />
<strong>of</strong> pesticides, metals, and miscellaneous organic<br />
chemicals exceeding specified concentrations provide<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> the characteristic toxicity. Toxicity is evaluated<br />
using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure<br />
(TCLP). A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic <strong>of</strong><br />
toxicity has the EPA hazardous waste number specified in<br />
Table I which corresponds to the toxic contaminant causing<br />
it to be hazardous.<br />
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Waste Code<br />
Contaminant<br />
Regulatory Level<br />
D025<br />
p-Cresol 200.0<br />
D026 Cresol 200.0<br />
D016 2,4-D 10.0<br />
D027 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 7.5<br />
D028<br />
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.5<br />
D029 1-1-Dichloroethane 0.7<br />
D030 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.13<br />
D012 Endrin 0.02<br />
D031<br />
Heptachlor (and its epoxide) 0.008<br />
D032 Hexachlorobenzene 0.13<br />
D033 Hexachloroethane 0.5<br />
D034<br />
D008<br />
D013<br />
Hexachlorobutadiene<br />
Lead<br />
Lindane<br />
3.0<br />
5.0<br />
0.4<br />
D009 Mercury 0.2<br />
D014 Methoxychlor 10.0<br />
D035 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 200.0<br />
D036 Nitrobenzene 2.0<br />
D037 Pentachlorophenol 100.0<br />
D038 Pyridine 5.0<br />
D010 Selenium 1.0<br />
D011 Silver 5.0<br />
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Waste Codes Contaminant Regulatory Level (mg/L)<br />
D039 Tetrachloroethylene 0.7<br />
D015<br />
Toxaphene 0.5<br />
D040<br />
D041<br />
Trichloroethylene<br />
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol<br />
0.7<br />
400.0<br />
D042<br />
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol<br />
2.0<br />
D017<br />
2,4,5-TP (SIlvex)<br />
1.0<br />
D043<br />
Vinyl Chloride<br />
Maximum Concentration <strong>of</strong> Contaminants for<br />
the Toxicity Characteristic 40 CFR 261.24<br />
0.2<br />
Waste Code<br />
Contaminant<br />
Regulatory Level<br />
(mg/L)<br />
D004 Arsenic 5.0<br />
D005 Barium 100.0<br />
D018 Benzene 0.5<br />
D006 Cadmium 1.0<br />
D019 Carbon Tetrachloride 0.5<br />
D020 Chlordane 0.03<br />
D021 Chlorobenzene 100.0<br />
D022 Chlor<strong>of</strong>orm 6.0<br />
D007 Chromium 5.0<br />
D023 o-Cresol 200.0<br />
D024 m-Cresol 200.0<br />
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D004 - D011<br />
D012 - D017<br />
D018 - D043<br />
Heavy Metals<br />
Pesticides<br />
Organics<br />
Identifying Waste<br />
Being able to identify a waste can help you identify the<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> danger involved. Use the following process to<br />
identify waste.<br />
1. Is the material a solid waste (40 CFR 261.2)?<br />
If no, check state regulations.<br />
If yes, refer to either <strong>of</strong> these EPA regulations:<br />
• Refer to the definition <strong>of</strong> a “hazardous waste” in 40<br />
CFR 261.3.<br />
• Refer to the waste identification process in 40 CFR<br />
262.11(b).<br />
2. Then determine if the waste is “listed”. Listed wastes<br />
are divided into 2 categories:<br />
• Process Waste<br />
• Product Waste<br />
3. If the waste is from a process, you have two choices:<br />
• The waste is described as F-List (40 CFR 261.31)<br />
• The process is described as K-List (40 CFR 261.32)<br />
4. If the waste is a product, refer to 40 CFR 261.33 - Sole<br />
Active Ingredient to determine if the product is:<br />
• Acutely hazardous waste - P-List<br />
(40CFR261.33(e))<br />
• Toxic waste - U-List (40 CFR 261.33(f))<br />
Acutely hazardous waste is extremely dangerous in small<br />
amounts. These wastes are regulated the same way as large<br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> other hazardous wastes. If a company produces<br />
as little as 1 kilogram (2.2 lbs) <strong>of</strong> acutely hazardous wastes<br />
in a calendar month, or stores more than that amount for<br />
any period <strong>of</strong> time, it is subject to all <strong>of</strong> the regulations that<br />
apply to generators <strong>of</strong> more than 1,000 kilograms per<br />
calendar month.<br />
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If the waste is not listed or land disposal restricted (40 CFR<br />
262.11(c)), then it must be determined if the waste presents<br />
one <strong>of</strong> the four characteristics discussed earlier.<br />
Superfund Amendments and<br />
Reauthorization Act<br />
(SARA TITLE III)<br />
SARA became law on October 17, 1986. SARA, also<br />
known as the Emergency Planning and Community Rightto-Know<br />
Act (EPCRA) was written to provide state and<br />
local governments and the public with information concerning<br />
potential chemical hazards present in the community.<br />
SARA establishes requirements for industry regarding<br />
emergency planning and “Community Right-to-Know”<br />
reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals. This law<br />
builds on the EPA’s Chemical Emergency Preparedness<br />
Program (CEPP). SARA Title III is intended to help<br />
communities access information and thus better deal with<br />
the presence <strong>of</strong> hazardous chemicals and releases <strong>of</strong> those<br />
chemicals into the environment. Through SARA, states<br />
and communities must work together with facilities to<br />
improve chemical safety and protect public health. SARA<br />
has four major provisions or sections: emergency planning;<br />
emergency release notification; Community Right-to-Know<br />
reporting requirements; and toxic chemical release inventory.<br />
Section 301-303: Emergency Planning<br />
SARA requires the governor <strong>of</strong> each state to designate a<br />
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC). SERCs<br />
include public agencies involved in the environment,<br />
natural resources, emergency services, public health,<br />
occupational safety, and transportation. SERCs must also<br />
have designated local emergency planning districts and<br />
appointed Local Emergency Planning Committees. LEPCs<br />
include elected state and local <strong>of</strong>ficials, police, fire, civil<br />
defense, public health <strong>of</strong>ficials, environmental, hospital,<br />
and transportation <strong>of</strong>ficials as well as facility representatives.<br />
Finally, section 301-303 requires the development <strong>of</strong><br />
Emergency Response Plans by the LEPC.<br />
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Section 304: Emergency Release<br />
Notification<br />
Facilities must notify the LEPC (and consequently the<br />
SERC) <strong>of</strong> any possible environmental release <strong>of</strong> specific<br />
chemicals. The specific chemicals referred to in SARA<br />
Title III are found on the following lists: Extremely Hazardous<br />
Substance List (40 CFR 355); Reportable Quantity<br />
List (CERCLA Section 103(a)). Emergency notification<br />
must include:<br />
• Chemical name<br />
• Identification <strong>of</strong> the chemical by list<br />
• Estimation <strong>of</strong> quantity released<br />
• Time and duration <strong>of</strong> release<br />
• Mode <strong>of</strong> release - air, water, soil<br />
• Known health risks associated with the emergency<br />
• Applicable precautions<br />
• Name and phone number <strong>of</strong> a contact person<br />
Remember all emergency notifications require a written<br />
follow-up as soon as possible.<br />
Section 311-312: Reporting Requirements<br />
According to SARA, facilities must provide either MSDSs<br />
(Material Safety Data Sheets) or a list <strong>of</strong> MSDS chemicals<br />
to the SERC, LEPC, and local fire department. If facilities<br />
choose to supply only a list, the list must include very<br />
specific information regarding the health, fire, reactivity<br />
hazards, physical data, etc. for every chemical on the list.<br />
It is much simpler to provide copies <strong>of</strong> the MSDSs. Furthermore,<br />
facilities must complete an emergency and hazardous<br />
chemical inventory. This inventory is to be submitted<br />
to the LEPC, SERC, and local fire department. Chemicals<br />
included in this inventory are materials that were<br />
present at or above specific threshold quantities. The<br />
specific threshold quantities are 500 pounds for extremely<br />
hazardous substances and 10,000 pounds for all other<br />
hazardous chemicals. It is the hazardous chemical inventory<br />
that initiated the Tier I and Tier II approach.<br />
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Section 313<br />
The EPA has established an inventory <strong>of</strong> routine toxic<br />
chemicals which require emissions reporting. These reporting<br />
requirements are known as Form R. Facilities subject to<br />
Section 313 are required to submit a Toxic Chemical Release<br />
Inventory Form for specified chemicals. Form R<br />
notifies public and governmental agencies about routine<br />
releases (releases that occur as a result <strong>of</strong> daily production<br />
use). Form R applies to facilities <strong>of</strong> ten or more employees<br />
with Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20<br />
through 39, and that manufacture, process or otherwise use<br />
a toxic chemical in excess <strong>of</strong> specified threshold quantities.<br />
Form R is completed on an annual basis and is submitted by<br />
July 1.<br />
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SUMMARY OF NOTIFICATION/REPORTING REQUIREMENTS UNDER SARA TITLE III<br />
EMERGENCY<br />
PLANNING<br />
NOTIFICATION<br />
[SECTION 302]<br />
Any facility w/<br />
Extremely Haz.<br />
Substances Above<br />
Threshold Planning<br />
Quantities (TPQ)<br />
FACILITY<br />
EMERGENCY<br />
COORDINATOR<br />
NOTIFICATION<br />
[SECTION 303]<br />
Any Facility w/<br />
Extremely Haz.<br />
Substances Above<br />
Threshold Planning<br />
Quantities (TPQ)<br />
EMERGENCY<br />
RELEASE<br />
NOTIFICATION<br />
[SECTION 3D4 +<br />
CERCLA 103]<br />
Any Facility With<br />
Releases Above<br />
Reportable<br />
Quantifies (RQ)<br />
MSDS<br />
SUBMISSION<br />
[SECTION<br />
311]<br />
Any Facility<br />
Required By<br />
OSHA to Have a<br />
MSDS<br />
May 17, 1987 September 17, 1987 Immediately October 17, 1987<br />
One Time (For New<br />
EHS Chemical<br />
Update w/in 60<br />
Days)<br />
One Time or When<br />
Coordinator Changes<br />
Oral: At Time <strong>of</strong><br />
Release.<br />
Written: Rept. as<br />
Soon as Practicable<br />
One Time (For<br />
New Chemicals,<br />
Update w/in 90<br />
Days)<br />
TPQ TPQ NQ Max. Amt. on<br />
Site 10,000 // or<br />
EHS, 500 lbs. or<br />
TPQ If Lower<br />
Extremely Hazardous<br />
Substances List (360<br />
Chemicals)<br />
Not List Specific<br />
SERC/LEPC Can<br />
Required for Planning<br />
CERCLA List &<br />
Extremely Hazardous<br />
Substance List<br />
SERC LEPC •Nat. Resp. Center<br />
(Oral)<br />
•SERC/LEPC<br />
(Oral/Writ)<br />
No Specific Form No Specific Form No Form, But<br />
Inform Specific<br />
Chemicals<br />
Needing MSDS<br />
(No List)<br />
•SERC<br />
•LEPC<br />
•<strong>Fire</strong> Dept<br />
MSDS or Chem<br />
List<br />
CHEMICAL<br />
INVENTORY<br />
[SECTION 312]<br />
Any Facility<br />
Required by<br />
OSHA to Have a<br />
MSDS<br />
March 1 For<br />
Previous<br />
Calendar Year<br />
Tier I or Tier II<br />
TOXIC<br />
CHEMICAL<br />
RELEASE<br />
[SECTION 313]<br />
Industry in SIC<br />
20-39 With 10 or<br />
More Full Time<br />
Employees<br />
July 1 For<br />
Previous<br />
Calendar Year<br />
Annual Annual<br />
Max. Amt. on Site<br />
10,000 // or if<br />
EHS 500 lbs. or<br />
TPQ If Lower<br />
Chemcials<br />
Needing MSDS<br />
(No List)<br />
•SERC<br />
•LEPC<br />
•<strong>Fire</strong> Dept<br />
Annual Tolls:<br />
•Mfr./Process=25,000<br />
lbs.<br />
•Otherwise<br />
Used= 10,000 lbs<br />
Toxic Chemcial<br />
List (328<br />
Chemcials)<br />
•EPA<br />
•State Degee<br />
Form R<br />
FACILITIES<br />
ADDRESSED<br />
DUE DATE<br />
FREQUENCY<br />
REPORTING<br />
THRESH-<br />
OLD<br />
REFERENCE<br />
LIST<br />
ORGANIZATIONS<br />
RECEIVING<br />
INFORMATION<br />
FORM<br />
REQUIRED<br />
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Comprehensive<br />
Environmental Response<br />
Compensation and Liability<br />
Act (CERCLA)<br />
The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation<br />
and Liability Act, known as CERCLA, was passed in<br />
December 1980 and amended in 1986. This Act provides<br />
federal authority to respond to environmental hazards posed<br />
by abandoned disposal sites, and provides the resources to<br />
clean up those sites. This Act established the reporting<br />
requirements for the release <strong>of</strong> hazardous substances and<br />
set up a taxing system to fund site clean-ups.<br />
In addition, CERCLA introduced the term “hazardous<br />
substance.” A hazardous substance is a reportable quantity<br />
<strong>of</strong> specific materials. In fact, the reportable quantity (RQ)<br />
table was first introduced by CERCLA. CERCLA deemed<br />
specific quantities <strong>of</strong> certain materials dangerous to public<br />
health and the environment. Quantities are listed in the RQ<br />
table on the far right. Should an amount in excess <strong>of</strong> the<br />
RQ be released into the environment, the responsible<br />
facility has less than 24 hours to notify federal authorities.<br />
The DOT has adopted RQs. Consequently, if an amount in<br />
excess <strong>of</strong> the reportable quantity is found in any single<br />
container, then an RQ must appear on the container label<br />
and on the corresponding shipping paper. During transportation,<br />
any RQ container involved in a spill or a leak situation<br />
must follow special federal and local reporting requirements.<br />
Identify reportable quantities (and consequently,<br />
hazardous substances) by the presence <strong>of</strong> RQ on the label<br />
or shipping paper.<br />
Toxic Substance Control Act<br />
(TSCA)<br />
The <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Toxic Substances Control regulates specific<br />
substances that are hazardous by some measure, but are not<br />
necessarily regulated by other agencies. This regulation<br />
covers asbestos, PCB-containing materials, and the<br />
premanufacture notice by industry for new materials.<br />
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Clean Air Act (CAA)<br />
The primary purpose <strong>of</strong> the Clean Air Act is to prevent or<br />
minimize pollution. Congress passed this regulation to<br />
encourage and promote pollution prevention. This regulation<br />
is quite lengthy and details information requirements<br />
for commercial industries. The Act includes research,<br />
investigation, and training for pollution prevention, federally<br />
assisted cost recovery for industry, air quality criteria,<br />
and state implementation <strong>of</strong> the regulation.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the most important pieces <strong>of</strong> this legislation for<br />
responders is found in section 112 <strong>of</strong> the CAA. This section<br />
deals with Hazardous Air Pollutants. Specifically,<br />
CAA 112( r) deals with the prevention <strong>of</strong> accidental releases.<br />
The CAA addresses the accidental release <strong>of</strong> a<br />
chemical that may reasonably be anticipated to cause death,<br />
injury, or serious adverse effects to human health or the<br />
environment. The basis for the list <strong>of</strong> chemicals comes<br />
from the Emergency Planning and Community Right to<br />
Know Act <strong>of</strong> 1986 (EPCRA). This law contains a list <strong>of</strong><br />
Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS or List <strong>of</strong> Lists).<br />
The list dictates a Threshold Quantity (TQ) <strong>of</strong> a substance.<br />
Facilities which store a TQ or Threshold Planning Quantity<br />
(TPQ) must report that information to the Federal government.<br />
A recently passed amendment to this law now requires<br />
facilities to plan a worst case scenario in case <strong>of</strong> an<br />
accidental release <strong>of</strong> a hazardous substance.<br />
Transportation <strong>of</strong><br />
Hazardous Waste<br />
The Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation regulates movement <strong>of</strong><br />
hazardous materials in commerce, by any mode <strong>of</strong> transportation.<br />
DOT also regulates all hazardous wastes in the<br />
hazardous material regulations (HMR). Wastes are incorporated<br />
by reference into the HMR from the EPA regulations.<br />
The DOT regulates both materials and waste during movement.<br />
The DOT classification system is specifically relative<br />
to transportation. Remember EPA, OSHA, and DOT all<br />
have very specific and different classification rules.<br />
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As stated earlier, a hazardous material is something<br />
which has been determined by the DOT to be “...capable <strong>of</strong><br />
posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property<br />
when transported.” Materials designated as “hazardous” by<br />
the DOT are listed in the Hazardous Materials Table, which<br />
can be found in 49 CFR 172.101. Materials are listed in<br />
alphabetical order in accordancewith their proper shipping<br />
names. The DOT has included all hazardous waste by<br />
definition as a hazardous material. Consequently, anything<br />
regulated by the EPA as a hazardous waste must be shipped<br />
according to the DOT hazardous material regulations.<br />
NOTE:<br />
In December 1994, approximately 33% <strong>of</strong><br />
the Hazardous Material Table (49 CFR<br />
172.101) was changed under Docket<br />
HM215A [Vol. 59, No. 249, Thursday,<br />
December 29, 1994].<br />
The RCRA regulations require a “special” shipping paper<br />
for hazardous waste. This document may change state to<br />
state, but the general information remains the same. The<br />
manifest serves two purposes. First, it tracks where the<br />
waste came from, where it is going, and who moved it.<br />
Second, it identifies the materials for emergency responders.<br />
Activity<br />
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Hazard Identification<br />
OSHA defines a “hazardous chemical” as any chemical that<br />
poses a health hazard or a physical hazard to workers<br />
during use. Furthermore, OSHA defines the tems health<br />
hazard and physical hazard in the Hazard Communication<br />
Standard.<br />
“Health Hazard means a chemical for which there is statistically<br />
significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in<br />
accordance with established scientific principles that acute or<br />
chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The<br />
term ‘health hazard’ includes chemicals which are carcinogens,<br />
toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives,<br />
sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents<br />
which act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage<br />
the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes.”<br />
“Physical Hazard means a chemical for which there is scientifically<br />
valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed<br />
gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric,<br />
unstable (reactive) or water reactive.”<br />
Hazard Communication protects worker safety by ensuring<br />
that chemical manufacturers convey to their customers and<br />
employers convey to their employees the hazards associated<br />
with using, working around and exposure to hazardous<br />
chemicals in the work place. This is achieved through a<br />
written program, labeling, Material Safety Data Sheets, and<br />
employer training. Put more simply, hazards are identified<br />
by the use <strong>of</strong>:<br />
• OSHA, EPA, and DOT markings, labels, and<br />
placards<br />
• Material Safety Data Sheets<br />
• Signs<br />
• Training<br />
One means <strong>of</strong> identifying potential health and physical<br />
hazards is through the labeling required by OSHA under<br />
the Hazard Communication (“Right-to-Know”) standard.<br />
Both the label and the MSDS include information on the<br />
hazards <strong>of</strong> the chemical as well as first aid information.<br />
Note that OSHA does not require an MSDS for an EPAregulated<br />
hazardous waste.<br />
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Hazard Warnings<br />
Labels<br />
The manufacturer, importer, or distributor is responsible for<br />
ensuring that every container used by a customer is properly<br />
labeled as to:<br />
• Contents<br />
• Hazard warning<br />
• Name <strong>of</strong> manufacturer or other responsible party<br />
The manufacturer, importer, or distributor is also required<br />
to provide, upon request, any additional information requested<br />
about a specific hazardous material. A chemical<br />
manufacturer, however, may declare the ingredients <strong>of</strong> a<br />
compound a “trade secret”. In this case, if an accident<br />
occurs where this information is vital, the manufacturer is<br />
required to relinquish all information. The assumption is<br />
that the trade secret in question will not be divulged.<br />
The employer is required to maintain all labels on the<br />
containers. Labels should be legible, in English, and<br />
prominently displayed or readily available.<br />
Labeling Systems<br />
There are several labeling systems approved for use in<br />
industrial settings. The three most common labeling<br />
systems are the:<br />
• HMIS<br />
• NFPA<br />
• DOT system<br />
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Hazardous Material<br />
Identification System (HMIS)<br />
The HMIS (designed by the National Paint and Coating<br />
<strong>Association</strong>) is a comprehensive system for hazardous<br />
materials identification. This system conveys chemical<br />
identity by chemical or common names, code numbers, or<br />
other descriptive terms which clearly identify the material.<br />
The acute health, flammability, and reactivity hazards are<br />
communicated by numerical ratings inserted onto the label<br />
itself. The description <strong>of</strong> the numerical Hazard Index (HI)<br />
is shown as follows:<br />
4 Extreme Hazard<br />
3 Serious Hazard<br />
2 Moderate Hazard<br />
1 Slight Hazard<br />
0 Minimal Hazard<br />
These designations will be written with indelible ink on<br />
each section <strong>of</strong> the label (Health, Flammability, Reactivity).<br />
Information is obtained from the MSDS or other sources<br />
acceptable to OSHA.<br />
Health Hazard or Blue Section<br />
4 Extreme Highly Toxic - May be fatal on<br />
short term exposure. Special<br />
protective equipment required.<br />
3 Serious Toxic - Avoid inhalation or skin<br />
contact.<br />
2 Moderate Moderately Toxic - May be<br />
harmful if inhaled or absorbed.<br />
1 Slight Slightly Toxic - May cause slight<br />
irritation.<br />
0 Minimal All chemicals have some degree<br />
<strong>of</strong> toxicity.<br />
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<strong>Fire</strong> Hazard or Red Section<br />
4 Extreme Extremely flammable gas or<br />
liquid, Flash Point below 73° F.<br />
3 Serious Flammable - Flash Point 73° F to<br />
100° F.<br />
2 Moderate Combustible - Requires moderate<br />
heating to ignite. Flash Point<br />
100° F to 200° F.<br />
1 Slight Slightly Combustible - Requires<br />
strong heating to ignite.<br />
0 Minimal Will not burn under normal<br />
conditions.<br />
Reactivity Hazard or Yellow Section<br />
4 Extreme Explosive at room temperature.<br />
3 Serious May explode if shocked, heated<br />
under confinement or mixed with<br />
water.<br />
2 Moderate Unstable, may react if mixed<br />
with water.<br />
1 Slight May react if heated or mixed<br />
with water.<br />
0 Minimal Normally stable, does not react<br />
with water.<br />
Personal Protective Equipment<br />
or White Section<br />
Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) is<br />
identified in this section by a letter. The white bar indicates<br />
what Personal Protection to use when handling the material.<br />
Letters A through K correspond to a variety <strong>of</strong> protective<br />
ensembles. A chart listing these ensembles must be<br />
referenced. If PPE requirements are uncertain or assistance<br />
is needed, see the MSDS.<br />
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National <strong>Fire</strong> Protection<br />
<strong>Association</strong> (NFPA) Diamond<br />
The NFPA Diamond is a labeling system that incorporates<br />
the use <strong>of</strong> four diamonds combined in one central diamond.<br />
NFPA 704 M is a standardized system that uses numbers<br />
and colors to define the hazards <strong>of</strong> a material. The diamond-shaped<br />
design displays four color and hazard combinations<br />
similar to the HMIS systems:<br />
• Health (blue)<br />
• Flammability (red)<br />
• Reactivity (yellow)<br />
• Special Information (white)<br />
To indicate the degree <strong>of</strong> the hazard presented by the<br />
material, the numbers from 0 - 4 are used. The number<br />
four (4) indicates the maximum or most severe hazard.<br />
NFPA ratings for individual chemicals can be found in the<br />
NFPA “Guide to Hazardous Materials”.<br />
Health Hazard or Blue Section<br />
4 Deadly<br />
3 Extreme Danger<br />
2 Hazardous<br />
1 Slightly Hazardous<br />
0 Normal Material<br />
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Flammability Hazard <strong>of</strong> Red Section<br />
4 Flash Point below 73° F.<br />
3 Flash Point below 100° F.<br />
2 Flash Point above 100° F, not exceeding<br />
200° F.<br />
1 Above 200°F.<br />
0 Will Not Burn.<br />
Reactivity Hazard or Yellow Section<br />
4 May Detonate<br />
3 Shock and Heat May Detonate<br />
2 Violent Chemical Change<br />
1 Unstable If Heated<br />
0 Stable<br />
Special Information or White Section<br />
The white part <strong>of</strong> the NFPA diamond is for special information<br />
about a specific hazard. You may find the following in<br />
the white block:<br />
OX = Oxidizer<br />
W = Use no water<br />
ACID = Acid<br />
ALK = Alkali<br />
COR = Corrosive<br />
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U. S. Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Transportation (DOT)<br />
Hazard Identification System<br />
The U. S. DOT’s Hazardous Materials Transportation<br />
Administration regulates over 1,400 hazardous materials.<br />
The DOT requires labels on small containers and placards<br />
on tanks and trailers. These placards and labels indicate the<br />
nature <strong>of</strong> the hazard.<br />
Classification used for placards and labels is based on an<br />
<strong>International</strong> Classification System. Materials are described<br />
using hazard class numbers that are found in the<br />
bottom corner <strong>of</strong> a DOT placard or label. The DOT numbering<br />
system has no relationship to the NFPA or HMIS<br />
numbering systems!<br />
To facilitate handling a hazardous material incident, placards<br />
may show a 4-digit identification number. This number<br />
comes from the Hazardous Materials Table in the DOT<br />
regulations, 49 CFR 172.101. This ID number can be<br />
found on shipping papers, the hazardous waste manifest,<br />
and hazardous waste markers. Once the 4-digit number is<br />
obtained, the North American Emergency Response Guidebook<br />
can be consulted. This book outlines recommended<br />
methods and precautions for responding to a release <strong>of</strong> each<br />
hazardous materials with a 4-digit ID number.<br />
Material Safety Data Sheets<br />
Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to<br />
obtain or develop Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)<br />
and supply them to the employer.<br />
The employer is required to have MSDSs available for all<br />
hazardous chemicals used in the work place and must make<br />
them available to all employees during all work shifts.<br />
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OSHA mandates that the following information be included<br />
on all MSDSs:<br />
• Identity <strong>of</strong> chemical(s)<br />
• Permissible exposure levels<br />
• Precautions to prevent injury<br />
• Personal protective equipment<br />
• Control measures to reduce exposure<br />
Additional information on an MSDS may include:<br />
• Chemical properties<br />
• Environmental concerns<br />
• Transportation concerns<br />
• Packaging and storage guidelines<br />
• First aid and emergency treatment<br />
Currently, OSHA is trying to adopt the ANSI standard on<br />
MSDSs. This standard will require a consistent layout <strong>of</strong><br />
MSDSs including information presented in the same<br />
section and the same order on all MSDSs, regardless <strong>of</strong> the<br />
product manufacturer.<br />
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Pre-Incident Planning<br />
As we have seen in the previous sections <strong>of</strong> this chapter, the<br />
DOT, OSHA, and EPA have many regulatory requirements,<br />
many <strong>of</strong> which appear to overlap. Yet the agencies require<br />
separate and distinct reporting requirements, labels, shipping<br />
papers/hazardous waste manifests, and emergency<br />
plans.<br />
Pre-planning is nothing new to the fire service. Most<br />
departments conduct in-service pre-plan activities on a<br />
routine basis. These pre-plans have traditionally addressed<br />
information such as building contacts, utilities shut-<strong>of</strong>fs,<br />
type <strong>of</strong> construction, and resources (i.e. water, engines,<br />
ladders) needed to control a fire incident involving the<br />
building.<br />
This section does not address the basic pre-plan information;<br />
instead, it addresses some <strong>of</strong> the new regulations that<br />
industry must comply with, and how these regulations will<br />
actually assist the fire service. This section will also<br />
provide some sample forms which you can use or modify to<br />
fit your department’s needs.<br />
SARA Requirements<br />
As we discussed in the OSHA section <strong>of</strong> this module, the<br />
SARA Title III regulation was a major asset for the fire<br />
service community. This regulation made facilities comply<br />
with Emergency Planning notifications, designate facility<br />
emergency coordinators, make notification in the event <strong>of</strong> a<br />
release <strong>of</strong> a chemical, and provide information to responders<br />
such as MSDSs. SARA Title III also required states<br />
and local authorities to conduct emergency planning for<br />
SERCs and LEPCs respectively.<br />
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Final Rules<br />
Integrated Contingency Plan<br />
In addition to SARA requirements, other federal agencies<br />
require plans to be written. Two fairly recent final rules<br />
published in the Federal Register are going to make hazardous<br />
materials pre-planning for the fire service much<br />
easier.<br />
The first rule, titled “The National Response Team’s<br />
Integrated Contingency Plan Guidance” is a collaborative<br />
effort <strong>of</strong> the following agencies:<br />
• Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation<br />
• Coast Guard<br />
• Research and Special Programs Administration<br />
(RSPA)<br />
• Department <strong>of</strong> the Interior<br />
• Mineral Management Service<br />
• Department <strong>of</strong> Labor<br />
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration<br />
(OSHA)<br />
This guidance, also known as the Integrated Contingency<br />
Plan (ICP) or “One-Plan” allows a facility to write one<br />
plan and comply with the written plan requirements from<br />
all <strong>of</strong> the above listed agencies. The Federal Register<br />
summarizes the one-plan as follows “...this guidance is<br />
intended to be used by facilities to prepare emergency<br />
response plans. The intent <strong>of</strong> the NRT is to provide a<br />
mechanism for consolidating multiple plans that facilities<br />
may have prepared to comply with various regulations into<br />
one functional emergency response plan or integrated<br />
contingency plan.”<br />
This plan will give the hazardous materials responders<br />
valuable information regarding the types and quantities <strong>of</strong><br />
materials on site, the facility’s response capabilities, and<br />
any equipment on site or through contractors which is<br />
available for use to control a release from the facility.<br />
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Risk Management Plan<br />
The second rule, titled “Accidental Release Prevention<br />
Requirements: Risk Management Programs Under the<br />
Clean Air Act, Section 112 (r) (7);...” will address very<br />
specific facilities which use and store certain materials.<br />
This plan, based on the CAA Amendments <strong>of</strong> 1980, states<br />
“The intent <strong>of</strong> section 112 (r) is to prevent accidental<br />
releases to the air and mitigate the consequences <strong>of</strong> such<br />
releases by focusing prevention measures on chemicals that<br />
pose the greatest risk to the public and the environment.”<br />
The Risk Management Program requires stationary sources<br />
to develop and implement a risk management program<br />
which includes a hazard assessment, prevention program,<br />
and an emergency response program. The risk management<br />
program must be submitted to the EPA in the form <strong>of</strong><br />
a Risk Management Plan (RMP). This plan must also be<br />
submitted to state and local authorities and made available<br />
to the public.<br />
The main component <strong>of</strong> the RMP is to evaluate Worst Case<br />
Scenarios (WCS) involving the release <strong>of</strong> a regulated<br />
substance. The WCS is defined “...as the release <strong>of</strong> the<br />
largest quantity <strong>of</strong> a regulated substance from a vessel or<br />
process line failure, including administrative controls and<br />
passive mitigation that limit the total quantity involved <strong>of</strong><br />
the release rate. For most gases, the WCS assumes that the<br />
quantity is released in ten minutes. For liquids, the scenario<br />
assumes an instantaneous spill.” In addition to the<br />
gas release, if the material is flammable, the WCS includes<br />
a resulting vapor cloud explosion and fire ball effects to the<br />
surrounding community.<br />
The RMP is a complex document which includes vulnerable<br />
populations, <strong>of</strong>f-site consequences <strong>of</strong> the release, the<br />
concentrations <strong>of</strong> materials released at downwind distances,<br />
and the available facility control method which may limit<br />
or prevent these releases. One <strong>of</strong> the most common materials<br />
on this list is propane. Facilities which store 10,000 lbs.<br />
<strong>of</strong> propane, even if it is used to heat the building, will need<br />
to develop an RMP.<br />
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In the final guidance, the “EPA encourages local emergency<br />
planners, fire departments, and others who use tools such as<br />
CAMEO/ALOHA or other modeling techniques to assist<br />
businesses in their community who may need help in their<br />
modeling efforts.”<br />
Due to this rule, industry may be turning to the fire service<br />
to assist in planning the response to the Worst Case Scenario<br />
at a facility. Imagine if the information contained in<br />
the RMP was available to the local hazardous materials<br />
response team and the local fire department prior to an<br />
incident at the facility. This pre-planning tool will be a<br />
valuable asset to all first responders.<br />
The RMP requirements are complex and will require<br />
industry to work with the local jurisdiction in developing<br />
the RMP and associated emergency response plans for<br />
those incidents. This plan, coupled with the “One-Plan”<br />
discussed earlier, will give first responders and hazardous<br />
materials teams a tremendous amount <strong>of</strong> information to aid<br />
in incident mitigation and help assure the safety <strong>of</strong> responders,<br />
the public, and the environment.<br />
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Application Exercise<br />
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You will need:<br />
Application Exercise<br />
• An assortment <strong>of</strong> drums, boxes, glass bottles, wooden crates, or other types <strong>of</strong> containers<br />
that could be used for hazardous materials<br />
• DOT placards/labels or NFPA or HMIS markings (preferably for some incompatible<br />
chemicals)<br />
• MSDSs for one or two <strong>of</strong> the “chemicals” in the containers<br />
• One or two completed shipping papers to accompany some or all <strong>of</strong> the containers (some<br />
may be incorrectly or incompletely filled out)<br />
• North American Emergency Response Guidebooks<br />
• Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR 172.101)—optional<br />
Preparation<br />
This exercise is intended to help students become more familiar with recognizing hazardous<br />
materials in storage and transportation situations. Stage an “incident” (set up on a road or in a<br />
fixed location) and position the containers around the scene. Open some <strong>of</strong> them to simulate a<br />
breach.<br />
Briefly describe the “incident” and assign groups <strong>of</strong> students to fill the roles <strong>of</strong> the first-in engine<br />
company, the hazardous materials team, and the incident commander. Initially, give the students<br />
only the information they would be told by the dispatcher. As the incident progresses, provide<br />
the students with the additional information they might find at an actual scene, such as the<br />
shipping papers or MSDSs.<br />
As the students work through the exercise ask the following questions, focusing on regulations<br />
that would apply to this incident. Include additional questions appropriate to your jurisdiction.<br />
1. What initial actions would you take? (first-in company)<br />
2. What personal protective equipment would you wear? (first-in company)<br />
3. What resources would you call for? (incident commander)<br />
4. What initial actions would you take? (hazardous materials team)<br />
5. What personal protective equipment would you wear? (hazardous materials team)<br />
6. What follow-up/mitigating actions would you take? (both teams)<br />
7. Which agency’s regulations apply to this scene?<br />
8. Which specific regulations apply to this scene?<br />
9. What are the types <strong>of</strong> hazards? (e.g. safety, chemical, physical, health)<br />
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10. What type <strong>of</strong> industry might use each <strong>of</strong> these materials?<br />
11. Using the Hazardous Materials Table as a reference, is each <strong>of</strong> the chemicals packaged<br />
correctly? (optional)<br />
12. Using the Segregation Table in your Student Text, are there any materials that should not<br />
be stored or transported together?<br />
13. Are there any conflicts between information on the placards/labels/markings, and the<br />
MSDSs or shipping papers?<br />
14. Who would be responsible for clean-up and disposal <strong>of</strong> these chemicals?<br />
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Action Statement<br />
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Action Statement<br />
You have just completed the first module <strong>of</strong> the Hazardous Materials Technician course. The<br />
topics included:<br />
• The structure <strong>of</strong> the Code <strong>of</strong> Federal <strong>Regulations</strong> (CFR)<br />
• The function <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation (DOT) in regulating hazardous<br />
materials<br />
• The function <strong>of</strong> the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in regulating<br />
hazardous materials<br />
• The function <strong>of</strong> the Environmental Protection Agency in regulating hazardous waste<br />
• The purpose <strong>of</strong> the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)<br />
• Methods <strong>of</strong> identifying hazards<br />
• Pre-incident planning<br />
Knowing how you respond to emergencies in your first due areas, would you change your actions<br />
or habits based on the information covered in this module? Listed below are some suggested<br />
actions. Some you may already do, and others may not fit your work environment. If there are<br />
actions you have not done in the past, do you think you will begin doing them as a result <strong>of</strong> this<br />
training?<br />
1. Look for and interpret DOT placards and labels and other markings at the scene <strong>of</strong> a<br />
hazardous materials incident.<br />
2. Read shipping papers with a more thorough understanding <strong>of</strong> the important information.<br />
3. Recognize when certain classes <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials should be separated during transportation<br />
or storage.<br />
4. Find out more about ways to protect myself by becoming familiar with applicable OSHA<br />
regulations, such as the standards on confined space or bloodborne pathogens.<br />
5. Obtain and review the facility’s Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP) or Risk Management<br />
Program (RMP) when preparing a pre-incident plan.<br />
6. (Create my own action statement.)<br />
_________________________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________________________<br />
________________________________________________________________________<br />
________________________________________________________________________<br />
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Appendix A<br />
Activities<br />
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Hazardous Materials Table Activity 1<br />
Given the Hazardous Materials Table, complete the following activities:<br />
1. What hazard class is associated with nitroglycerin mixture?<br />
2. Which packing group includes paint?<br />
3. Name the primary and two subsidiary hazard labels used when shipping nitric acid, Red<br />
Fuming.<br />
Primary Label<br />
Subsidiary Label<br />
____________________<br />
____________________<br />
4. When shipping sulfuric acid by highway in 55-gallon containers, what special<br />
provision(s) apply?<br />
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Oxidizer Case Study Activity 2<br />
May 25, 1990<br />
11:00 a.m.<br />
First responding fire fighters are called to a reported fire on an interstate highway. The initial<br />
response includes two engine companies, two EMS units, a heavy rescue squad and a battalion<br />
fire chief. Units can see a large column <strong>of</strong> smoke in the sky as they approach the reported location.<br />
Traffic is at a standstill in the northbound lanes where the incident is occurring and moving<br />
slowly in the southbound lanes as cars slow to observe the incident. The air temperature is 85°F,<br />
it is a partly cloudy day, and there is light wind blowing out <strong>of</strong> the west.<br />
Exposures include a residential neighborhood and a large high school one-quarter mile east <strong>of</strong><br />
the incident location.<br />
The first engine company on the scene reports a straight-body truck on the shoulder <strong>of</strong> the<br />
northbound lanes with the cargo compartmen involved in fire. The driver meets the engine<br />
company <strong>of</strong>ficer as they stop upwind and about 500 feet from the burning vehicle.<br />
The driver reports that the vehicle is carrying about a dozen containers <strong>of</strong> potassium permanganate<br />
for a total weight <strong>of</strong> 800 lbs. The UN number <strong>of</strong> the shipment is 1490. It appears that the fire<br />
may be caused by hot brakes on the rear <strong>of</strong> the vehicle and while you are gathering information,<br />
the fire begins to intensify, creating a large plume <strong>of</strong> heavy white and black smoke and a series <strong>of</strong><br />
small explosions.<br />
The engine company approaching from the north slowly drives through the smoke/vapor plume.<br />
Briefly discuss how your hazardous materials team would carry out the following activities:<br />
Research<br />
Confirm site control and confirm zones<br />
Complete size-up<br />
Create action plan<br />
Create necessary sectors: HM, OPS, Staging, EMS, and Rehab<br />
Gather sources<br />
Initiate limited evacuation<br />
Begin fire fighting actions using remote streams<br />
Decontaminate exposed first responders<br />
Provide for remote containment run<strong>of</strong>f<br />
Stabilize post-fire incident<br />
Plan for hand-<strong>of</strong>f and termination<br />
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Hazard Class Activity 3<br />
1. A division 4.2 material is<br />
a. Dangerous When Wet<br />
b. Oxidizer<br />
c. Spontaneously Combustible<br />
2. A division 5.1 material is:<br />
a. Organic Peroxide<br />
b. Oxidizer<br />
c. Ignitable Metal Powders<br />
3. A Class 3 (flammable liquid) has a flash point <strong>of</strong> less than °F.<br />
4. T or F: Division 6.1 materials may sometimes be poison by inhalation.<br />
5. T or F: Human blood is a Division 6.2 material.<br />
6. T or F: The activity level <strong>of</strong> a Class 7 - Radioactive material is measured before the<br />
material is packaged.<br />
7. What is the hazard class number for materials which destroy steel containers?_____<br />
8. Circle the LEAST hazardous packing group. I II III<br />
9. List the nine HM-181 hazard classes and describe each briefly.<br />
10. Given the following table, circle the hazard class and highlight the packing group associated<br />
with each entry.<br />
Acetone, 3, UN 1090, PG II<br />
RQ Environmentally Hazardous Substance, liquid n.o.s., 9,<br />
UN 3082, III (PCBs or Polychlorinated Biphenyls)<br />
Sulfuric Acid, 8, UN1830, II<br />
11. Hazard zones are associated with two types <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials. What are these<br />
types?<br />
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Labeling and Marking Activity 4<br />
1. Required labels are specifired in Column <strong>of</strong> the Hazardous Materials Table.<br />
2. What does DOT-E mean?<br />
3. Inhalation hazard markings are required for Division materials and Division materials<br />
that are poisonous by inhalation.<br />
4. Look up the methyl vinyl ketone in the Hazardous Materials Table.<br />
a. What is the primary hazard label?<br />
b. What are the subsidiary hazard labels?<br />
5. The requires marking and labeling on containers <strong>of</strong> Hazardous Materials.<br />
6. An outer package that contains an inner package is called a package.<br />
7. Non-bulk packaging with inner packaging containing liquid hazardous materials must be packed<br />
with closures up and marked with or .<br />
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Segregation Table Activity 5<br />
1. True / False Oxidizers and materials that are Dangerous When Wet can be shipped<br />
together without segregation.<br />
2. True / False Corrosives and materials that are Poison by Inhalation can be shipped<br />
together.<br />
3. True / False Ammonia nitrate can be stored with Explosives 1.1.<br />
4. True / False Spontaneously Combustible materials can be transported with Flammable<br />
Gases.<br />
5. True / False Organic Peroxides must be segregated when stored with Flammable<br />
Gases.<br />
6. True / False Corrosive Liquids must be segregated when shipped with Flammable<br />
Liquids.<br />
7. True / False Radioactive materials must be segregated when shipped with Flammable<br />
Gases.<br />
8. True / False Poison Gas (other than Zone A) can be shipped with materials that are<br />
Dangerous When Wet.<br />
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Regulatory Agency Activity 6<br />
For each <strong>of</strong> the acronyms below, identify the letters, name the responsible regulatory agency, and<br />
match the acronym to its appropriate definition.<br />
1. RCRA:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
2. 49 CFR:<br />
Responsible<br />
Definition:<br />
3. 29 CFR 1910.1200:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
4. CAA:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
5. CERCLA:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
6. 29 CFR 1910.1030:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
7. SARA Title III:<br />
Responsible Agency:<br />
Definition:<br />
Definitions:<br />
A. The first comprehensive federal effort to deal with solid and hazardous waste.<br />
B. Helps prevent or minimize pollution.<br />
C. Gives the federal government the authority to respond to environmental hazards posed by<br />
abandoned disposal sites.<br />
D. Also known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.<br />
E. Includes all U.S. DOT regulations.<br />
F. Covers occupational exposure to potentially infectious materials.<br />
G. Deals with hazardous waste operations and emergency response.<br />
H. Requires employers to identify hazards in their workplaces.<br />
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Appendix B<br />
29 CFR 1910.120 Summary<br />
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29 CFR 1910.120 Summary<br />
Paragraph B - The Safety and Health Plan. A written health and safety program is required<br />
for employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program will be designed to identify,<br />
evaluate and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency reponse for hazardous<br />
waste operations.<br />
Paragraph C - Site Characterization. Identification <strong>of</strong> specific site hazards are required and<br />
the appropriate safety and health control procedures are needed to protect the employee.<br />
Paragraph D - Work Site Control. Site control procedures are to be implemented for the<br />
purpose <strong>of</strong> controlling employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up operations<br />
begin.<br />
Paragraph E - Training Requirements for Site Workers. The amount <strong>of</strong> training an employee<br />
shall receive before working on a site is detailed herein. Paragraph E also indicates the type <strong>of</strong><br />
training and certification needed to work on a clean-up site where employees may be exposed to<br />
hazardous substances and safety or health hazards.<br />
Paragraph F - Medical Surveillance. Since only specific employees are covered under this<br />
paragraph, they are clearly identified here. The frequency <strong>of</strong> medical examinations and consultations;<br />
the content <strong>of</strong> medical examinations and consultations; examination costs; type <strong>of</strong> physician;<br />
information given to the physician; the report issued following the exam called the<br />
physician’s written opinion; and record keeping requirements.<br />
Paragraph G - Engineering Controls, Work Practices, Personal Protective Equipment.<br />
Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment necessary to protect<br />
employees from exposure to hazardous substances are outlined in paragraph G. The purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
this paragraph is to protect employees from safety and health hazards.<br />
Paragraph H - Monitoring. Air monitoring is discussed herein. Requirements such as when is<br />
air monitoring to be used and how <strong>of</strong>ten should air monitoring take place are detailed in paragraph<br />
H.<br />
Paragraph I - Informational Programs. Paragraph I describes programs designed to inform<br />
employees, contractors, and subcontractors <strong>of</strong> the nature, level, and degree <strong>of</strong> exposure that<br />
could result from working on a site.<br />
Paragraph J - Drum and Container Handling. Paragraph J describes how hazardous substances,<br />
contaminated soils, liquids and other residues are to be handled, labeled, stored, and<br />
transported. Possible ergonomic injuries should also be considered.<br />
Paragraph K - Decontamination. Paragraph K describes the phases <strong>of</strong> decontamination such<br />
as procedures, location or set-up, equipment required, solutions used, and PPE<br />
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Paragraph L - Emergency Response at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites. This paragraph<br />
describes the emergency response plan, elements <strong>of</strong> the emergency response plan, and<br />
procedures for handling emergency incidents.<br />
Paragraph M - Illumination. The requirements for minimum illumination are described in this<br />
paragraph.<br />
Paragraph N - Sanitation. Paragraph N describes sanitation requirements at temporary work<br />
places which include potable and non-potable water, toilet facilities, food handling, washing<br />
facilities, and shower and change rooms.<br />
Paragraph O - New Technology Programs. Paragraph O describes new technology, equipment,<br />
and programs to be developed for the improved protection <strong>of</strong> employees working at hazardous<br />
waste clean-up sites.<br />
Paragraph P - Operations Conducted Under RCRA. Paragraph P describes the programs<br />
required for workers who are employed at treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities. These<br />
programs include:<br />
A. Safety and Health Program<br />
B. Hazard Communication Program<br />
C. Medical Surveillance Program<br />
D. Decontamination Program<br />
E. New Technology Program<br />
F. Material Handling Program<br />
G. Training Program - Initial training shall be for 24 hours and a refresher training<br />
<strong>of</strong> eight hours annually. A written certificate shall be given to show successful<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the training.<br />
H. Emergency Response Program with the following elements included:<br />
Pre-Emergency Planning and coordination with outside parties;<br />
Personnel roles, lines <strong>of</strong> authority and communication;<br />
Emergency recognition and prevention;<br />
Safe distances and places <strong>of</strong> refuge;<br />
Site security and control;<br />
Evacuation routes and procedures;<br />
Decontamination procedures;<br />
Emergency medical treatment and first aid;<br />
Emergency alerting and response procedures;<br />
Critique <strong>of</strong> response and follow-up; and<br />
PPE and emergency equipment.<br />
In addition to the above elements, the ERP must also have details about training<br />
and procedures for handling emergency incidents.<br />
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Appendix C<br />
State Plan and Non-State Plan States<br />
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State Plan States<br />
All paid employees—private sector and federal and local public sector employees—in the following<br />
states/territories are covered by their state’s worker protection plans.<br />
Alaska<br />
Arizona<br />
California<br />
Connecticut (for state and local government employees only)<br />
Hawaii<br />
Indiana<br />
Iowa<br />
Kentucky<br />
Maryland<br />
Michigan<br />
Minnesota<br />
Nevada<br />
New Mexico<br />
New York (for state and local government employees only)<br />
North Carolina<br />
Oregon<br />
Puerto Rico<br />
South Carolina<br />
Tennessee<br />
Utah<br />
Vermont<br />
Virginia<br />
Virgin Islands<br />
Washington<br />
Wyoming<br />
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Non-State Plan States<br />
State and local government employees <strong>of</strong> the following states are covered by the EPA worker protection<br />
regulations. Private sector and federal fire fighters in the following states/territory are covered by federal<br />
OSHA worker protection regulations.<br />
Alabama<br />
Arkansas<br />
Colorado<br />
Delaware<br />
District <strong>of</strong> Columbia<br />
Florida<br />
Georgia<br />
Guam<br />
Idaho<br />
Illinois<br />
Kansas<br />
Louisiana<br />
Maine<br />
Massachusetts<br />
Mississippi<br />
Missouri<br />
Montana<br />
Nebraska<br />
New Hampshire<br />
New Jersey<br />
North Dakota<br />
Ohio<br />
Oklahoma<br />
Pennsylvania<br />
Rhode Island<br />
South Dakota<br />
Texas<br />
West Virginia<br />
Wisconsin<br />
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Appendix D<br />
Sample Material Safety Data Sheet<br />
and MSDS Checklist<br />
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MDSD—Toluene<br />
RANDOLPH PRODUCTS — TOLUENE<br />
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET<br />
FSC: 6810<br />
NIIN: 00F000177<br />
Manufacturer’s CAGE: 77672<br />
Part No. Indicator: A<br />
Part Number/Trade Name: TOLUENE<br />
===========================================================================<br />
General Information<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Item Name: /<br />
Company’s Name: RANDOLPH PRODUCTS CO.<br />
Company’s Emerg Ph #: 201/438-3700<br />
Record No. For Safety Entry: 001<br />
Tot Safety Entries This Stk#: 001<br />
Date MSDS Prepared: 01JAN85<br />
Safety Data Review Date: 20APR84<br />
MSDS Serial Number: BBGBJ<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Ingredients/Identity Information<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Proprietary: NO<br />
Ingredient: TOLUENE (SARA III)<br />
Ingredient Sequence Number: 01<br />
Percent: 100<br />
NIOSH (RTECS) Number: XS5250000<br />
CAS Number: 108-88-3<br />
OSHA PEL: 200 PPM/150 STEL<br />
ACGIH TLV: 50 PPM; 9293<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Physical/Chemical Characteristics<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Boiling Point: 230F<br />
Vapor Density (Air=1): >AIR<br />
Evaporation Rate And Ref:
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===========================================================================<br />
Health Hazard Data<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Signs/Symptoms Of Overexp: VAPORS MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS, HEADACHE,<br />
DIZZINESS AND IRRITATION OF EYES, NOSE AND THROAT<br />
Emergency/First Aid Proc: REMOVE TO FRESH AIR, FLUSH EYES WITH LOTS OF<br />
WATER, CONSULT PHYSICIAN.<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Steps If Matl Released/Spill: REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, WEAR<br />
APPROVED RESPIRATOR, CONTAIN SPILL WITH INERT SSTANCE (SAND, DIRT), PUT<br />
MIXTURE IN CONTAINERS FOR DISPOSAL. KEEP SPILL T OF SEWERS AND OPEN BODIES<br />
OF WATER.<br />
Waste Disposal Method: LAND FILL—ACCORDING TO CURRENT LOCAL, STATE AND<br />
FEDERAL REGULATIONS.<br />
Precautions-Handling/Storing: KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, FLAME. KEEP AWAY FROM<br />
CHILDREN.<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Control Measures<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Respiratory Protection: MESA/NIOSH APPROVED RESPIRATOR WHERE VAPOR<br />
CONCENTRATES.<br />
Ventilation: EXPLOSION-PROOF EXHAUST VENTILATION AT POINT OF RELEASE<br />
Suppl. Safety & Health Data: PARK PLACE EAST CARLSTADT, NJ 07072<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Transportation Data<br />
===========================================================================<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Disposal Data<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Disposal Data Review Date: 88055<br />
Rec # For This Disp Entry: 01<br />
Tot Disp Entries Per NSN: 001<br />
Landfill Ban Item: YES<br />
Disposal Supplemental Data: PARK PLACE EAST CARLSTADT, NJ 07072 IN CASE OF<br />
ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE OR DISCHARGE, cONSULT HEALTH AND SAFETY FILE FOR<br />
PRECAUTIONS.<br />
1st EPA Haz Wst Code New: U220<br />
1st EPA Haz Wst Name New: TOLUENE; METHYLBENZENE<br />
1st EPA Haz Wst Char New: TOXIC (T)<br />
1st EPA Acute Hazard New: NO<br />
2nd EPA Haz Wst Code New: D001<br />
2nd EPA Haz Wst Name New: IGNITIBLE<br />
2nd EPA Haz Wst Char New: IGNITABILITY<br />
2nd EPA Acute Hazard New: NO<br />
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===========================================================================<br />
Label Data<br />
===========================================================================<br />
Label Required: YES<br />
Label Status: G<br />
Common Name: TOLUENE<br />
Special Hazard Precautions: VAPORS MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS, HEADACHE,<br />
DIZZINESS AND IRRITATION OF EYES, NOSE AND THROAT<br />
Label Name: RANDOLPH PRODUCTS CO.<br />
Label Emergency Number: 201/438-3700<br />
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MSDS Checklist<br />
Hazardous Material:<br />
Shipping Name:___________________________________<br />
Chemical Name:__________________________________<br />
DOT Hazard Class:______________<br />
ID #:__________________________<br />
Physical Description:<br />
Normal Physical Form: Solid / Liquid / Gas<br />
Color:________________________________<br />
Other:________________________________<br />
Odor:____________________________________<br />
Chemical Properties:<br />
Specific Gravity:_________________ Vapor Pressure:________________ Vapor Density:__________<br />
Boiling Point:___________________ Melting Point:___________________<br />
Soluble in Water: Yes / No Degree:_________________________<br />
Other:______________________________________________________________<br />
Health Hazards:<br />
Inhalation Hazard: Yes / No<br />
PEL:____________ TLV/TWA:_____________ IDLH:______________<br />
LC 50<br />
:_________________<br />
Ingestion Hazard: Yes / No<br />
LD 50<br />
:___________________ mg/kg<br />
Absorption Hazard: Yes / No<br />
Skin:____________ Eyes:__________________<br />
Carcinogen: Y / N Mutagen: Y / N Teratogen: Y / N<br />
Hazardous to Aquatic Life: Y / N<br />
Other:____________________________________________________________________________<br />
Decon Procedures:_________________________________________________________________________<br />
First Aid:_________________________________________________________________________________<br />
<strong>Fire</strong> Hazards:<br />
Flash Point::_____________ LEL:_____________ UEL:_________ Ign. Temp.:_____________<br />
Toxic products <strong>of</strong> combustion:________________________________________________________<br />
Other:___________________________________________________________________________<br />
Extinguishing agents:_______________________________________________________________<br />
Reactivity Hazards:<br />
Reactive with:______________________________________________________________________<br />
Corrosivity Hazards:<br />
pH:__________ Corrosive to: Skin /Steel/Other:___________________________________<br />
Neutralizing Agents:_________________________________________________________________<br />
Radioactive Hazards:<br />
Alpha / Beta / Gamma<br />
Other:______________________________________________________<br />
Recommended Protection:<br />
Public: Evac Distance_______________________<br />
Response Personnel: Level <strong>of</strong> protection:______________<br />
Compatible material(s):_________________________<br />
Environment:_____________________________________________________________________<br />
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