Materials Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Enge Wang
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Beijing
Airport
★
location
China

Chinese Academy of Sciences
IPCAS

History of IoP/CAS
National Research Institute of
Physics (1928.3-1950.5)
The Institute of Physics, National
Academy of Peking (1929.9-
1950.5)
The Institute of Applied Physics
CAS(1950)
The Institute of Physics, CAS(1958)

Academic Steering
Council
Administration System
General Affairs Office
Science&Technology Department
Personnel Office
Financial Affairs Office
Graduate Office
Laboratory for Solid State
Quantuminformation and
Quantu computation
Condensed Matter Theory &
Materials Computation
Soft Matter Physics &
Plasma Physics
Director
Executive Committee
Research System
Vacuum Physics, Nano Physics
& Devices
Advanced Materials &
Electron Microscopy
Physics under Extreme Condition
Optical Physics
Organization
Degrees Appraisal Council
Supporting System
Surface Physics
Magnetism & Magnetic Materials
Superconductivity
Workshop
Department of Electronics &
Scientific Instruments
Library & Computer Network
Information Center
Laboratory for Microfabrication

Staffing
Research Staff: 183 Technical Support Staff: 71
Students: 586 Administrative Staff: 30
Total number: 870
St af f and St udent
183
Research Staff
20
586
30
71
63
100
Research Staff
Admi ni st r at i ve St af f
Techni cal Suppor t St af f
St udent
Pr of essor
Assi st ant Pr of essor
Associ at e Pr of essor
(according to the Statistic by the end of 2004)

Physical Awards
by TWAS:
Z. X. Zhao
K. H. Kuo
H. F. Fan
15 Academicians
(59 Academicians in history)

Prof. Fang-hua Li at the prize-awarding ceremony

General View on-going Projects
150
131
100
66
79
50
20
0
科 技 部 项 目 / MOST
科 学 基 金 项 目 / NSFC
中 科 院 项 目 / CAS
其 它 来 源 项 目 / Others
Pr oj ect s
Pr oj ect s
Pr oj ect s
Budget: 1/3 from CAS, 2/3 from competitive founds

Research Areas and Highlights

Main Achievements:
* High Tc oxide superconductors at liquid
nitrogen temperatures
* Nd-Fe
Fe-B B permanent magnetic alloys using low
purity materials
* Synthesis of nonlinear crystals
* Study on symmetry and property of
quasicrystals

Main Achievements:
* High Tc oxide superconductors at liquid
nitrogen temperatures
* Nd-Fe
Fe-B B permanent magnetic alloys using low
purity materials
* Synthesis of nonlinear crystals
* Study on symmetry and property of
quasicrystals

San Huan Company
以 稀 土 和 非 晶 态 合 金 基 本 磁 性 理
论 为 基 础 , 研 制 成 功 钕 铁 硼 磁 钢 。
三 环 公 司 已 发 展 成 为 我 国 最 大 的
钕 铁 硼 生 产 和 出 口 企 业 , 其 产 量 在 世
界 同 行 中 排 前 三 名

Main Achievements:
* High Tc oxide superconductors at liquid
nitrogen temperatures
* Nd-Fe
Fe-B B permanent magnetic alloys using low
purity materials
* Synthesis of nonlinear crystals
* Study on symmetry and property of
quasicrystals

Observation of a new mechanism generating self-pumped
phase-conjugate reflection in photorefractive crystals

Main Achievements:
* High Tc oxide superconductors at liquid
nitrogen temperatures
* Nd-Fe
Fe-B B permanent magnetic alloys using low
purity materials
* Synthesis of nonlinear crystals
* Study on symmetry and property of
quasicrystals

4、 重 要 科 研 进 展
General View of Publication
Year
199
7 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Papers 293 294 337 431 489 407 476 530
800
700
The numbers of publication and citation have been ranked
at the top in China for more than ten yeas in succession.
Publication
Ci t at i on
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Each year:
~ 2 -33 in Nature or Science;
~ 20 in PRL and JACS.

Patents Application and Authorization
120
100
80
60
40
Appl i cat i on
Aut hor i zat i on
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Application 16 22 30 42 116 55 66
Authorization 15 7 9 13 26 68 32

Synthesis of aligned nanotubes array
Nature 403, 403(2000); Nature 394, 631(1998);
Science 274, 1701(1996); Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2701(2000);

Tubular Graphite Cones
Science 300, 18 (2003)

SPM with composition analysis
X-ray
A
v
Detector
X-ray protection
layer
e
1) Hard as carbon nanotube, but more stable in radial direction.
2) Atomic resolution image and composition information of single/several atoms.

Hard Carbon Spherules (HCS)(
2 nm

Beijing Phylion Battery Inc.

05 年 上 海 燃 料 电 池 + 电 池 混 合 汽 车 示 范 运 行 车 队 和 产 业 化 项
目 华 普 油 电 混 合 汽 车 均 采 用 我 们 的 高 功 率 锂 离 子 电 池

Ultrahigh density information storage
--- Towards the next generation of CD
Molecular recording on
NBMN/pDA thin films,
showing the size of the
marks to be about 0.8
nm. The minimum
distance between two
recorded marks is 1.2
nm.
PRL 2001
Phys. Rev. Lett. 84,
1780 (2000).

Growth of Identical In Nanodot
Array on Si (111) Surface
Empty States at +1.5V
Empty States at +0.6V
2.7nm
Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 066101 (2002)

2 inch Si wafer
100nmx100nm
New Matter :
二 维 人 造 晶 格
27nmx27nm

16
In 6
In 9 In 12
种
不
同
的
点
阵
Ga 3
Ga 6
Ag 3
Ag 6 Ag x
Ag 12
Nanodot Arrays
Ga 3 +Co x In 6 +Ag 3 In 6 +Mn x

Oscillation of superconductivity vs film thckness
BCS theory states that Tc depends on the electron density at
Fermi level. We indeed found the Tc oscillation between 6K and
6.5K with the expected period of 2 atomic layers.
2000nm
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 15 April 1963
2000nm
6.6
6.3
6.0
Tc (K)
5.7
5.4
5.1
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
22 23 24 Thickness 25 (ML) 26 27 28
Thickness (ML)
Guo et al.,
SCIENCE 306,
1915 (2004)
J. M. Blatt and C. J.
Thompson,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 332
(1963)

Science
P E R S P E C T I V E S
Science 2; Phys.Rev.Lett.17
Nature 3 次 ;
Science 3 次 ;
…

La 2-x
Sr x
CuO 4
crystal
Universal nodal Fermi velocity; X.J. Zhou,
F. Zhou, J.W. Xiong, Z.X. Zhao et al.,
Nature, 423 (2003)398
High quality large scale LaSrCuO
crystals are grown by TSFZ
method;
Tc changes at hole concentration:
x = 1/16 and x = 1/9, magic
numbers;

SiC Crystsal
High quality SiC crystal with 2 inch in diameter;
Defects < 100/cm 2 for 10x10 mm 2 ;
(Better than that of Cree)
SiC

ZnO surface
with atomic flat
Atomic step
RMS:0.389nm

p-type ZnO crystal film
Ga+N co-doping
‣Narrow codoping window
‣Low hole concentration: 5x10 16 cm -3
Li+Ga+N triple-doping
‣Much broader window
‣High hole concentration : 3.6x10 18 cm -3
Carrier concentration(10 16 cm -3 )
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
N-plasma
150W/6x10 -7 mbar
p-type
n-type
Carrier concentration(10 16 cm -3 )
300
200
100
0
-100
-200
N-plasma
150W/1.9x10 -6 mbar
p-type
n-type
-30
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ga-beam flux(10 12 m -2 s -1 )
-300
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Ga-beam flux(10 12 m -2 s -1 )
ZnO 基 p-n 同 质 结 发 光 二 极 管 的 研 制 获 得 较 大 进 展 !

Evaluation

Institute review process
• Performance measures include science and technology
excellence, mission impact, facility operations; (impact on
science; success in long-term, …)
• Annual performance reviews for all research groups
(impacts salary and promotions);
• All projects and facilities undergo competitive peer
review (every 3 years): 2-step review process;
• The institute is reviewed annually by CAS: Science and
technology, operations, community service and outreach.

2005. 1
Research groups: 45 in the period of 2005.1 -
2007.12;
(new groups: 7, new group leaders (PI): 14)
Total changes > 1/3 for every 3 years.

Reviews by Country
5% 2%1% 1%1%2%1%
5%
5%
7%
34%
36%
Chi na
Amer i ca
Hongkong
Br i t ai n
Japan
Ger many
Fr ance
Italy
Swi t zer l and
Sweden
Hol l and
Australia

20%
-Argonne National Lab
-Oak Ridge National Lab
-IBM Lab
-Univ. of California 专 at 家 Berkeley 分 布
-Stanford Univ.
-Texas Univ. of Austin
国 际 著 名 大 学 及 研 究 机 构
80%
其 他 单 位

20%
Univ. of Oxford
Univ. of Birmingham
Max Plank Institute for Metal
Research
Nano-Science Center of Germany,
Muenster Univ.
Univ. of Tokyo
NIMS
Tohoku Univ.
Univ. of Melbourne
国 际 著 名 大 学 及 研 究 机 构
80%
其 他 单 位

Attracting New Staff

Policies to encourage and attract new staff
• CAS 100 talent program (highly competitive 3-year
grants for new staffs at Asso. Prof. level);
• IOP talent program (highly competitive 2-year grants for
new staffs at Assi. Prof. level);
• Distinguished scientist program (Full Prof. position);
• Strategic hire program (support for promising new staff
in critical areas at all levels);
• “Star of the Year” Award for young and new staffs.

Lab for Solid State Quantum Information and
Quantum Computation
Prof. D.M. Chen (2004.2 - )
Harvard Univ. (1990.12-2004.1)

measurement chamber
preparation / growth chamber
STM
cryostat
(5 - 300 K)
Auger
spectrometer
Sample
load lock
Evaporator
Total of 6
RHEED

Spin Dynamics Measurement System
( 超 快 自 旋 动 力 学 测 量 系 统 )
锁 模 掺 钛 蓝 宝 石 脉 冲 激 光 器
双 腔 结 构 :120fs & 2ps(10ps)
波 长 范 围 :700-980nm; 扩 展 波 长 :350-
480nm
磁 光 超 导 磁 系 统
温 度 范 围 :4.2K~300K; 水 平 磁 场 :8T

Outstanding young researchers: 44
Prof. DM Chen (Harvard U)
Prof. XC Xie (OK State U)
Prof. SW Gao (Chalmers U)
Prof. HX Xu (Lund U)
Prof. XJ Zhou (LBNL)
Prof. JR Shi (UT Austin)
Prof. JD Guo (ORNL)
Prof. H Fan (UCLA)
……
March 2005, LA

Star of the Year 2004
Young Researcher
Golden Symposium

Graduate Students
Current Students: 586
M.S. degree: 214
Ph D degree: 372
Postdoc researchers: 22
(Most of the students from the top univs. in China)

Graduate Student Awards
Dr. J.R. Luo, ICDD Ludo Frevel (2005)
Dr. W.G. Zhu, MRS Graduate Student Silver Award (2004)
Place No. Place No.
CAS
President
Award
Excellent 2 宝 钢 奖 CAS 2
First 5 宝 洁 奖 CAS 4
刘 永 龄 奖 CAS 3 Excellent
Thesis
CAS
Nation
2
1

International Collaboration

International collaboration
• User facilities
- Open to all researchers based on independent review of
proposals;
- Instrumentation partnership;
• International agreements
- Cooperative research;
- Exchange agreements;
• Collaboration
- Scientist to scientist;
- Approximately 50 joint publications annually.

International cooperation & exchange
350
300
250
200
150
100
Go abr oad
Visit IOP
Count r i es
50
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Go abroad 241 116 244 170 203 207 260 270 219 238
Visit IOP 125 155 163 173 180 230 248 255 165 338
Countries 20 23 20 25 28 22 20 21 21 32
2003 SARS

Prof. Tord Claeson, Chairman of the Nomination and Selection
Committee for the Nobel Prize in Physics of the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences visiting the Institute.

Visit by R.Laughlin, Nobel Prize winner and Professor
at Stanford University.

H. Rohrer, Nobel Prize winner and research scientist at IBM.
Zurich laboratory in Switzerland,visiting the institute.

Daniel C. Tsui, Nobel Prize winner, being elected visiting
professor in his visit,and a series lecture, Daniel C.
Tsui’s Lecture , was initiated after his name.

Daniel C. Tuis’s Lecture (2004 - )
* Prof. Nai-Phuan Ong
Princeton Univ., 2004
* Prof. Sankar Das Sarma
Univ. of Maryland, 2005

* The ZhongGuanCun Forum
on Condensed Matter Physics: 65 (once/month)
(K.Takanashi,R. Snyder, H.J. Dai,T.C. Chiang, S.G. Louie, … )
* The Advanced Physics Forum: > 100 (twice/month)
* Working Lunch: (twice/month)
* ~ 10 intl confs./year and ~ 10 intl workshops/year

Facilities

Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

Laser-molecular beam epitaxy
system
Thin Film Deposition Systems

“ Jiguang I” laser equipment
Multi-wavelength optical parametric
laser

建 成 20TW 级 的
飞 秒 激 光 装 置
聚 焦 功 率 密 度
超 过 10 19 W/cm 2
成 为 世 界 上 为
数 不 多 的 可 以 进
行 相 对 论 光 强
实 验 的 装 置
640mJ/30fs, 20TW=2x10 13 W, 聚 焦 功 率 密 度 >10 19 W/cm 2

Omicron temperature variable scanning tunneling microscopy
and molecular beam epitaxy combined system
UHV-VT-STM-MBE

AFM/STM-MBE-
ARUPS System
AFM/STM
ARUPS
AFM: beam reflection
Temperature:
28K-1000K
能 量 分 辨 : < 2meV
MBE

UHV-HREELS
HREELS-UPS-STM-MBE MBE System

Ultra-Low Temperature – High Magnetic Field – Dual Tip
UHV STM/STS system
1 Independent dual tip STM
with position sensor;
2. The sample can be rotated
continuously with respect
to magnetic field;
3 Exchangeable dual tip STM
head;
4 By using optical windows,
magnetic-optical
measurement and
characterization of optical
properties of nanostructures
underextreme
conditions can be carried
out.
5 Transport measurement
can be performed.

Intergrated High-Resolution TEM-SPM System
The TEM is equipped with
EELS and EDS, by
which the
microstructure,
electronic structure,
phononic structure and
chemical composition
of nano-object can be
measured. The SPM
has two tips for in-situ
manipulations and
property measurements.
STM Mechanical Unit
STM Controller
Central Processor
STM Tip Manipulator
Physical Measurement

Ultra-low temperatures
Strong magnetic fields
( 17 mK, 10 T )

Micro-fabrication laboratory
Photolithography: < 500nm
EBL System: < 50nm
FIB System: < 7nm

Photolithograpgy --- MA6
DB 235M Resolution: 7 nm
Micro-fabrication laboratory
每 年 举 办 培 训 班 全 国 各 地 350 人
Photolithograpgy --- MA6
Resolution: < 500 nm
EBL --- Raith 150
Resolution: better than 50 nm

Campus Life

Campus of the Institute

Guest house & dinning hall

Conference Room and Main Hall in Duilding D

About 250000 volumes of collection books
About 3000 kinds of electronic journals
About 1042 kinds of collection journals
About 200 kinds of journal subscriptions
Free Internet
library & reading room

The top universities in China (Physics)
(Oct. 11, 2003 By CCTV News)
Institutes and Universities
Institute of Physics, CAS
Peking University
Nanjing Univeristy
Chinese University of Sci. & Tech.
Fudan University
Institute of Optical Physics, CAS
Tsinghua University
Institute of Engineering Physics
Shichuan University
Nankai University
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
10
Standard
Mark
96.97
92.64
90.28
88.08
85.6
85.6
82.59
81.37
80.95
77.26

Beijing National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics (2003-)
Lab for Magnetism
Lab for Superconductivity
Lab for Surface Physics
Lab for Optical Physics
Lab for Electron Microscopy
Lab for Nano-Physics & Nano-Technology
Lab for Physics in Extreme Conditions
Lab for Soft Matter Physics
Lab for Condensed Matter Theory & Materials Computation
Lab for Microfabrication
Lab for Quantum Information & Quantum Computing
International Center for Quantum Structure (ICQS)
Beijing Spallation Neutron Source (BSNS) (2005 - )

The mission of IPCAS is to foster scientific
progress by bringing together top-notch
researchers in an open and stimulating environment.

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