reservoir geomecanics

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Reservoir Geomechanics Mark D. Zoback Department of Geophysics, Stanford University
Page 2: Reservoir Geomechanics This interdi
Page 10: This book is dedicated to the Ph.D.
Page 16: viii Contents Elasticity anisotropy
Page 20: x Contents PART III: APPLICATIONS 1
Page 24: xii Preface The examples of regiona
Page 30: Part I Basic principles
Page 36: 4 Reservoir geomechanics its fricti
Page 40: 6 Reservoir geomechanics Definition
Page 44: 8 Reservoir geomechanics also gener
Page 48: 10 Reservoir geomechanics clastic s
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14 Reservoir geomechanics condition
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16 Reservoir geomechanics Indicator
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18 Reservoir geomechanics S hmin an
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20 Reservoir geomechanics (Zoback a
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22 Reservoir geomechanics Figure 1.
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24 Reservoir geomechanics −85 o
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26 Reservoir geomechanics materials
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28 Reservoir geomechanics Pore pres
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30 Reservoir geomechanics 0 2000 40
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32 Reservoir geomechanics 0 LATE PL
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34 Reservoir geomechanics A Field b
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36 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. Pre
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38 Reservoir geomechanics productio
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40 Reservoir geomechanics Mechanism
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42 Reservoir geomechanics 2600 2800
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44 Reservoir geomechanics is a comp
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46 Reservoir geomechanics 0.4 j 0 =
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48 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. Pre
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50 Reservoir geomechanics where f i
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a. W Shot Number E 1300 1400 1500 1
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a. f BURIAL AT HYDROSTATIC Porosity
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3 Basic constitutive laws 56 In thi
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Stress (MPa) 58 Reservoir geomechan
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60 Reservoir geomechanics Figure 3.
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62 Reservoir geomechanics 10 SANDST
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64 Reservoir geomechanics Table 3.1
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66 Reservoir geomechanics Biot (196
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68 Reservoir geomechanics for very
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a. 10 8 DYNAMIC MODULI (ULTRASONIC)
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72 Reservoir geomechanics in veloci
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74 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. Ins
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76 Reservoir geomechanics such that
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78 Reservoir geomechanics Mechanica
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80 Reservoir geomechanics of the hi
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82 Reservoir geomechanics The total
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4 Rock failure in compression, tens
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S 3 S 1 86 Reservoir geomechanics S
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a. s 1 b s n t s 3 b. t Mohr envelo
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90 Reservoir geomechanics a. Shear
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92 Reservoir geomechanics STRONG RO
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94 Reservoir geomechanics 150 s 3 1
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96 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. 125
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98 Reservoir geomechanics a. 300 25
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100 Reservoir geomechanics p a is a
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102 Reservoir geomechanics Drucker-
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104 Reservoir geomechanics wellbore
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106 Reservoir geomechanics b. t m 0
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108 Reservoir geomechanics a. 300 M
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a. 300 6000 4000 3000 V p (m/s) 200
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a. 300 250 5000 21 4000 V p (m/s) 3
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114 Reservoir geomechanics Table 4.
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118 Reservoir geomechanics velocity
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120 Reservoir geomechanics 300 S v
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124 Reservoir geomechanics Because
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126 Reservoir geomechanics Maximum
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128 Reservoir geomechanics S 1 - S
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130 Reservoir geomechanics Healy (1
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132 Reservoir geomechanics fault (t
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a. Stress or pressure 0 20 40 60 80
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136 Reservoir geomechanics m i Shea
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138 Reservoir geomechanics a. SHmax
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5 Faults and fractures at depth 140
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142 Reservoir geomechanics S Hmax
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a. JOINT SHEARED JOINT ONSET OF DAM
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146 Reservoir geomechanics Wellbore
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Depth (feet) 148 Reservoir geomecha
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150 Reservoir geomechanics UP (DIP
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152 Reservoir geomechanics a. 6500
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154 Reservoir geomechanics in Figur
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156 Reservoir geomechanics Alternat
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158 Reservoir geomechanics a. N b.
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160 Reservoir geomechanics a. Doubl
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162 Reservoir geomechanics A D B C
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Part II Measuring stress orientatio
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168 Reservoir geomechanics stress c
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170 Reservoir geomechanics trajecto
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172 Reservoir geomechanics strongly
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174 Reservoir geomechanics boundary
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a. b. N E S W N N E S W N c. 0 W BO
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178 Reservoir geomechanics In Figur
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180 Reservoir geomechanics a. A S H
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184 Reservoir geomechanics X-STRUCT
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188 Reservoir geomechanics stress-i
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190 Reservoir geomechanics and then
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194 Reservoir geomechanics a. 150 s
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196 Reservoir geomechanics More on
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198 Reservoir geomechanics with tim
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200 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. Fi
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202 Reservoir geomechanics virtual
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7 Determination of S 3 from mini-fr
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208 Reservoir geomechanics stress o
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210 Reservoir geomechanics The othe
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212 Reservoir geomechanics supplies
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214 Reservoir geomechanics 0 0 Stre
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216 Reservoir geomechanics a. 8 7 P
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218 Reservoir geomechanics a. -400
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220 Reservoir geomechanics Can hydr
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222 Reservoir geomechanics the hydr
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228 Reservoir geomechanics used var
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232 Reservoir geomechanics 5390 Bre
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234 Reservoir geomechanics and Zoba
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236 Reservoir geomechanics the prin
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238 Reservoir geomechanics are give
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240 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. c.
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242 Reservoir geomechanics discusse
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244 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. Te
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246 Reservoir geomechanics a. s min
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248 Reservoir geomechanics b. Botto
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250 Reservoir geomechanics 80 25 MP
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252 Reservoir geomechanics a. 180 b
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256 Reservoir geomechanics ∼1-5 k
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258 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. S
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260 Reservoir geomechanics a. Boreh
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262 Reservoir geomechanics True fas
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264 Reservoir geomechanics Figure 8
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9 Stress fields - from tectonic pla
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180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ 70˚ 70
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270 Reservoir geomechanics subjecte
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1 1 9 o E 8 o E 7 o E 6 o E 5 o E 4
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276 Reservoir geomechanics 7000 Nor
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a. 8000 Normal faulting Measured S
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280 Reservoir geomechanics Methods
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282 Reservoir geomechanics from 0.4
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284 Reservoir geomechanics the meas
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286 Reservoir geomechanics 0 Equiva
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290 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. S
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292 Reservoir geomechanics A few mo
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294 Reservoir geomechanics Pressure
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Part III Applications
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302 Reservoir geomechanics The next
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304 Reservoir geomechanics a. Stabl
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306 Reservoir geomechanics to remed
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Depth (feet) 310 Reservoir geomecha
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312 Reservoir geomechanics The pred
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314 Reservoir geomechanics a. 13.22
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318 Reservoir geomechanics a. N b.
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320 Reservoir geomechanics S Hmax A
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322 Reservoir geomechanics to the a
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324 Reservoir geomechanics and S hm
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326 Reservoir geomechanics 4 P grow
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328 Reservoir geomechanics p w = s
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11 Critically stressed faults and f
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342 Reservoir geomechanics a. 0.4 m
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346 Reservoir geomechanics with fau
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348 Reservoir geomechanics a. 3000
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Table 11.1. Detection of permeable
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352 Reservoir geomechanics All Plan
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a. ALL FRACTURES FROM SIT FRACTURES
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356 Reservoir geomechanics exploita
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358 Reservoir geomechanics expected
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360 Reservoir geomechanics hole, Sh
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362 Reservoir geomechanics rock wit
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364 Reservoir geomechanics a. A S H
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366 Reservoir geomechanics N EXTENT
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368 Reservoir geomechanics a. A b.
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370 Reservoir geomechanics FILL TO
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372 Reservoir geomechanics Schemati
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376 Reservoir geomechanics HIGH a.
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12 Effects of reservoir depletion A
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384 Reservoir geomechanics There ar
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386 Reservoir geomechanics
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390 Reservoir geomechanics Zoback a
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396 Reservoir geomechanics can also
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398 Reservoir geomechanics and ther
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400 Reservoir geomechanics curve is
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404 Reservoir geomechanics
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406 Reservoir geomechanics To deter
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412 Reservoir geomechanics Hagin an
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Figure 12.18. (a) Map of southern L
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418 Reservoir geomechanics along a
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References Aadnoy, B. S. (1990a).
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425 References Bourbie, T., Coussy,
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427 References Coulomb, C. A. (1773
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429 References Flemings, P. B., Stu
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431 References Hayashi, K. and Haim
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433 References Lade, P. (1977). “
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435 References Moos, D. and Zoback,
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437 References Raaen, A. M. and Bru
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439 References Tang, X. M. and Chen
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441 References Wiprut, D. and Zobac
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443 References Zoback, M. L. and a.
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446 Index critically stressed fault
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448 Index ridge push 270 RMS (root
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180˚ 216˚ 252˚ 288˚ 324˚ 64˚
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a. 70 Pressure history - Lapeyrouse
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. 140 a. 120 100 S hmin S Hmax R S
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Figure 6.4. (a) Wellbore breakouts
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a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
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a. b. Figure 6.17. The area in whic
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160 155 150 145 S Hmax (MPa) 140 13
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a. b. Tendency for breakouts Orient
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180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ 70˚ 70
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Depth (feet) S Hmax N S hmin W S v
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Figure 10.9. (a) Probability densit
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S Hmax ABOVE THE FAULT 9 10 11 12 R
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-9 200' - 9200 ' - 9 600 ' a. LESS
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a. 0.4 m = 1.0 m = 0.6 t/S v 0.2 0
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a. 3000 S Hmax = 10N 3100 3200 Dept
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a. ALL FRACTURES FROM SIT FRACTURES
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a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
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a. A b. N N A B C B C D D E E 0 1 2
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N Vertical Displacement cm 2 N East
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