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“ Unlike forums that aim to stimulate yet more debate, the presenters were charged with seeking some closure about the best analyses of state failure and most plausible options.” Contents | 9
Report Aims and Structure To help bridge these gaps, this report seeks to advance US government and non-governmental collaboration by consolidating what has been learned about how to identify and approach the threats and potential opportunities in fragile and failed states. The following sections are based on presentations at a day-long Colloquium on Failed and Fragile States, hosted by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, which asked leading specialists to present findings from recent research and practice about ways to achieve more effective US policies. Unlike forums that aim to stimulate more debate rather than action, the presenters were charged with seeking some closure about the best analyses of state failure and most plausible policy options. While no answers are infallible, the resulting presentations move beyond the clichés and advocacy of programs that often substitute for evidence-based analysis in order to offer a mosaic of linked findings from recent experience. To that end, the sessions of the Colloquium were organized around critical strategic questions that policymakers face at the global, country, and sector levels. These questions run through the current discourse and scattered forums on facets of fragile or failed states and are key to more coherent US thinking and action. The report is divided into four sections that are organized around the main discussion topics from the Colloquium. See the graphic to the right for a detailed explanation. Parts I and II descend from the global level to the policy sector level. Part I discusses the global incidence of state failure; its elements and sources; and the societal dynamics that lead to state failure, or avoid it. By scanning the globe for countries at risk of failure and identifying the aspects of a state and society that may be weak, Part I provides a crucial first step in developing appropriate country strategies. Part II looks more closely at the national level to review lessons from recent experience regarding the best sequencing of major state-building tasks in two types of country situations: post-conflict and potential conflict. Then it zeroes in on the sectoral level by identifying particular instruments that have worked well in achieving three vital functions in fragile states: political leadership, service delivery, and economic growth. Part III moves back to a global level by surveying the abilities of major governments and multilateral organizations, such as the UN, for undertaking the kinds of coherent ground-level state-building strategies that have been laid out. This is followed by a consideration of the US government efforts to establish structures and procedures for addressing fragile states. Concluding the report, Part IV extracts the most compelling answers from the previous sections to the central question above: how the US can tackle the problems of fragile states by taking realistic steps without new and expensive programs. 10 | Engaging Fragile States: An International Policy Primer
Page 1 and 2: Engaging Fragile States An Internat
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would
Page 6 and 7: The compelling rationale behind the
Page 8: which had some forms of interactive
Page 11 and 12: Why are failed states relevant to U
Page 13 and 14: In 2009-2010, Pakistan, Yemen, and
Page 15 and 16: “ What is needed is government-wi
Page 17: All in all, between the undesirable
Page 21 and 22: What can be done to keep a state fr
Page 23 and 24: It is to be expected that countries
Page 25 and 26: Sources of Failure and Resiliency T
Page 27 and 28: all rankings come to the top, such
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Page 33 and 34: How Can Decision-Makers Use Global
Page 35 and 36: For example, the United States star
Page 37 and 38: Why would the US and other internat
Page 39 and 40: It would be a mistake, for example,
Page 41 and 42: Life Cycle of Conflicts Peacemaking
Page 43 and 44: What Actions Have Prevented Potenti
Page 45 and 46: Notional Operation Plan Phrases Tak
Page 47 and 48: States (OAS) have agreed on normati
Page 49 and 50: 4 While all such situations may not
Page 51 and 52: 8 Train a responsible opposition gr
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Page 55 and 56: decision not to allow armed peaceke
Page 57 and 58: litical reform and economic develop
Page 59 and 60: Iraqi case may be turning around, b
Page 61 and 62: Can International Mediation Incenti
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How Can Training Enable Leaders to
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the stage for societal transformati
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“ What was driving their extremis
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participants on board and to have t
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The Fragile States Group decided to
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local government in the United Stat
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not be sustainable. What is needed
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Can Responsible Governance Emerge f
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zero-sum game. If you do not captur
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“ It’s not going to be a state
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How Can “Islands of Stability”
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“ There is a peculiar assumption
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here to help. We have training and
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“ What motivates people to engage
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they work in it is not a major prob
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inputs, inputting capital has a hig
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How Should Economic Policies be Dec
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ample, there are strong earmarks fo
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What is the most effective strategy
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However, the prevailing unilateral
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directions. Through their seats, th
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in development aid, providing rough
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What Obstacles Stand in the Way? Un
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UN acts essentially as if in a cons
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“ The basic problem the EU shares
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tion in capacity-building and techn
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predictably defense planners have a
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“ Until Congress recognizes the d
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ties. This leads to the overall SRP
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How can the US effectively meet the
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Analytical tools for identifying th
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and political disputes. As Part I d
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atrocities from happening at all, a
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tition and bargaining among key lea
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tunities to build public interest-o
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fragile states, modest steps can be
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Endnotes 1 The State Fragility Inde
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Bibliography “10-Step BEFORE Appr
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