MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA

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Income and Livelihood Security 17 A study conducted in Karnataka in 2010–11, shows that the multiplier effects of expenditure from MGNREGA are quite significant, ranging from 3.1 in the northwest region to 3.6 in the Malnad and coastal districts of the State. The effect of the multiplier on the rural economy would be influenced by how much of the additional purchasing power generated from a rural employment scheme is spent on items produced in the rural economy. The study found that a greater proportion of the income, from 48 per cent to 66 per cent for men and women, generated from MGNREGA tends to be spent on the rural economy. 51 The multiplier and accelerator impact of the Scheme is an issue that merits much deeper research. 51 N. Pani and C. Iyer, ‘Evaluation of the Impact of Processes in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Karnataka’, Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), 2011.
18 MGNREGA Sameeksha 2 Gender and Social Empowerment As a rural wage employment programme, MGNREGA recognised the relevance of incorporating gender equity and empowerment in its design. Various provisions under the Act and its Guidelines, aim to ensure that women have equitable and easy access to work, decent working conditions, equal payment of wages and representation on decision-making bodies. From FY 2006–07 up to FY 2011–12 1 , around Rs 53,000 crore have been spent on wages for women and around 47 per cent of the total person-days 2 generated have been by women. This chapter synthesises the findings from studies on the impact of such a transfer on the economic and social empowerment of women. It also reviews the literature on the reasons for high participation of women in the Scheme and inter-state variations in participation. Overall, MGNREGA has been a positive and important Scheme for women. Women Participation in MGNREGA With a national participation rate of 47 per cent, evidence suggests that women are participating in the Scheme more actively than in other works. Research also indicates that MGNREGA is an important work opportunity for women who would have otherwise remained unemployed or underemployed. However, the significant inter-state variation in participation of women requires further research and analysis. In FY 2011–12,* Kerala had the highest women participation at 93 per cent, while Uttar Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir showed low levels of women participation at 18 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. Aggregate Participation: At the national level, the participation of women in the Scheme has surpassed the statutory minimum requirement of 33 per cent; in FY 2011–12* alone, women person-days of employment was close to 50 per cent. The percentage of women participation from FY 2006–07 up to FY 2011–12* is provided in Table 2.1. Significantly, female share on works under MGNREGA is greater than their share of work in the 1 Provisional Data: At the time of the preparation of the report, data entry for States was still open for the year 2011–12. Henceforth, all instances of Provisional Data have been indicated with an asterisk (*) within the text and footnotes. 2 Person-day in the context of MGNREGA is defined as one day of work. In other words, one person-day of work entitles a worker to the MGNREGA notified wage as per the Schedule of Rates (SoRs).
Page 2 and 3: MGNREGA Sameeksha ‘I will give yo
Page 4 and 5: MGNREGA Sameeksha An Anthology of R
Page 6 and 7: Contents List of Tables, Figures an
Page 8 and 9: Tables, Figures and Boxes Tables A:
Page 10 and 11: Foreword I In his famous talisman,
Page 12: Foreword xi There has been public c
Page 16 and 17: Abbreviations ADS AEO APL APO ATM B
Page 18: Abbreviations xvii RTI SAU SBI SC S
Page 21 and 22: 2 MGNREGA Sameeksha Coverage The Ac
Page 23 and 24: 4 MGNREGA Sameeksha Table A An Over
Page 25 and 26: 6 MGNREGA Sameeksha per capita expe
Page 27 and 28: 8 MGNREGA Sameeksha has had an impa
Page 29 and 30: 10 MGNREGA Sameeksha Figure 1.1 Nom
Page 31 and 32: 12 MGNREGA Sameeksha Line (APL) pop
Page 33 and 34: 14 MGNREGA Sameeksha Box 1.1 MGNREG
Page 35: 16 MGNREGA Sameeksha Micro-level da
Page 39 and 40: 20 MGNREGA Sameeksha Scheme logisti
Page 41 and 42: 22 MGNREGA Sameeksha male workers.
Page 43 and 44: 24 MGNREGA Sameeksha the importance
Page 45 and 46: 26 MGNREGA Sameeksha women need to
Page 47 and 48: 28 MGNREGA Sameeksha Table 3.1 Tota
Page 49 and 50: 30 MGNREGA Sameeksha the farmers ca
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Page 55 and 56: 36 MGNREGA Sameeksha Rajasthan, Guj
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Page 59 and 60: 40 MGNREGA Sameeksha While effectiv
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Page 65 and 66: 46 MGNREGA Sameeksha force where mo
Page 67 and 68: Table 5.1 Month-wise Person-days Ge
Page 69 and 70: 50 MGNREGA Sameeksha Increase in Ba
Page 71 and 72: 52 MGNREGA Sameeksha labour, 42 the
Page 73 and 74: 54 MGNREGA Sameeksha 6 Governance a
Page 75 and 76: 56 MGNREGA Sameeksha Panchayati Raj
Page 77 and 78: 58 MGNREGA Sameeksha the year prior
Page 79 and 80: 60 MGNREGA Sameeksha reasons for de
Page 81 and 82: 62 MGNREGA Sameeksha Table 6.2 Stat
Page 83 and 84: 64 MGNREGA Sameeksha Figure 6.1 Mai
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68 MGNREGA Sameeksha soil. The cost
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70 MGNREGA Sameeksha A summary of t
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72 MGNREGA Sameeksha employment pro
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74 MGNREGA Sameeksha Table 7.1 Expa
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76 MGNREGA Sameeksha The new Guidel
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78 MGNREGA Sameeksha of MGNREGA, fr
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80 Bibliography Ambasta, P., ‘MGN
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82 Bibliography different regions,
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84 Bibliography Abstract: At the re
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86 Bibliography market. The questio
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88 Bibliography cent) and on non-fo
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90 Bibliography vulnerability. As a
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92 Bibliography Abstract: IIM Shill
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94 Bibliography Jameel Poverty Acti
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96 Bibliography Abstract: The impac
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98 Bibliography than 50 per cent in
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100 Bibliography This adverse produ
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102 Bibliography Planning Commissio
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108 Bibliography studies indicate t
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MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA

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