Literature on air pollution and lichens XXXI

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174 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol.22 accumulations were studied in corticolous Parmelia conspersa and Lecanora subfusca and terricolous Peltigera canina transplanted up- and downstream from a control beech forest in the Aries Valley. Zn and Cu accumulations were highest in P. conspersa. Largest accumulations were of Pb (2500 p.p.m. in P. conspersa). Heavy metal accumulation decreased with distance from source, but Mn levels were highest in controls, with minimum values in highest polluted spots. Some seasonality is suggested in accumulation ratios.] Bartok, K. (1989) Reflecta oare lichenii stabilitatea si viabilitatea padurilor? [Do lichens reflect the stability and viability of forests?] Revista Padurilor 104: 69-72. [In polluted beech forest in Firiza Valley four lichen species were found, including toxitolerant Bacidia chlorococca; while an unpolluted forest had 47 species. Table of distribution for 57 taxa of the region. Background and recent historical details and discussion.] Blanchard, R. L. & Kearney, J. W. (1967) Natural radioactivity and " 7 Cs in Alaskan caribou and reindeer samples. Environmental Science and Technology 1:932-939. [Includes discussion of 21 "Po and 210 Pb concentrations in lichens and reindeer rumen.] Boonpragob, K., Nash III, T. H. & Fox, C. A. (1989) Seasonal deposition patterns of acidic ions and ammonium to the lichen Ramalina menziesii Tayl. in southern California. Environmental and Experimental Botany 29: 187-197. [Water-leachable ions from Ramalina menziesii were used as indicators of seasonal deposition at a polluted and a control site. Highest accumulation levels occurred at the end of extended summer droughts. Leachable NO, was always the ion in highest concentration. In summer all ions except Cl were higher at the polluted site.] Broad, K. (1989) Lichens in Southern Woodlands. Forestry Commission Handbook 4. 48 pp. London: H.M.S.O. [Pages 28-36 of this attractive handbook constitute a brief introduction to lichen indication of some common air pollutants.] Cameron, R. E. (1972) Pollution and conservation of the Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. In Conservation Problems in Antarctica (R. C. Parker, ed.): 267-305. Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. [Table 6 includes lichens among microbiota eliminated by varied site disruption in the Antarctic. Background information on the dangers and nature of such disruptive human activities.] Centre de Documentation sur le Milieu Naturel (1989) Affiche 'Lichens et Qualite de VAir en Haute-Normandie, France.' Rouen: Centre de Documentation sur le Milieu Naturel. [Poster on air pollution and lichens to accompany a film and publications issued by the C.D.M.N. as part of their research programme over the last 15 years. See note in International LichenologicalNewsletter (1989) 22: 37.] Davies, F. B. M. & Notcutt, G. (1989) Accumulation of volcanogenic fluorides by lichens. Fluoride 22: 59-65. [Xanthoriaparietina and Stereocaulon vesuvianum on La Palma, Canary Isles, were analysed for fluoride, and data compared with those from Etna lichens, as magnitude and duration of eruption contrast so strongly in the two areas. La Palma lichens show relatively high accumulation from minor eruptions.] Earland-Bennett, P. (1989) City Diary: London. British Lichen Society Bulletin 65: 11-12. [Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. symphycheileoides is among lichens recorded from Kew and Chelsea. Thirty species, 13 of them epiphytic, are recorded from Battersea Park.] Eitschberger, W. (1984) Untersuchungen an epiphytischen Flechten in Athen im Zusammenhang mit den stadtokologischen Verhdltnissen: Vegetationskundliche Gliederung, Schadstoffanreicherung und Photosynthesebeeinflussung. Doctorate Thesis, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wiirzburg. [Lichen-air pollution study of the Athens basin. Zonal mapping; of 260 km 2 ,67° 0 is considered'lichen desert'and 18°,, 'struggle zone'. Pb,Cu and S accumulations and CO 2 exchange were investigated in Evernia prunastri and Anaptychia ciliaris transplants.] Ertel, J., Maier, M., Gnittke, J. & Steubing, L. (1987) Blei- und Cadmiumbelastung des Naturscutzgebietes Liineberger Heide. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie 16: 305-309. [Concentration of Pb were greater in lichens and mosses than in higher plants in this study of Pb and Cd and of heavy metal input in soils, plants and animals of a heath ecosystem. Figures for Pb and Cd in Cladonia impexa.] Faensen-Thiebes, A. (1987) Lassen sich die Ursachen fur die Vegetationsschaden in Ballungsgebieten mit Hilfe von Bioindikatoren klaren? Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie 16: 175-180. [Study of increasing decline in trees of West Berlin. Lichens were among the indicators employed in assessing the effects of the city's variety of pollutants.]
1990 <strong>Literature</strong> on air pollution and lichens—Henderson 175 Fiol, L. A. (1983) Estudi d'una formacio microedafica a l'habitacio urbana de Palma de Mallorca. Bolleti de la Societal d'Historia Natural de les Balears 29:37-62. [Analysis of a microedaphic formation on corrugated tile roofs and Zn guttering of urban buildings in Palma de Mallorca, a substratum for inter alia lichens. Mineralogical contents, grain size, substratum pH and rain muddiness are among factors examined.] Fiol, L. A. (1984) Estudio liquenico de la habitacion urbana de Palma de Mallorca. Anales de Biologia 1 (Seccion Especial 1): 237-243. [Study of lichens on buildings and monuments in Palma de Mallorca. Of 51 species recorded, 90° o are crustose and 18 species are considered notably tolerant of or resistant to the urban ambience.] Galun, M. & Roven, R. (1989) Interaction of lichens and pollutants. In Handbook of Lichenology (M. Galun, ed.): 55-72. Boca Raton, Florida: C.R.C. Press, Inc. [Reviews work on lichen-pollutant interactions under the headings: ecosystem alteration and mapping, transplantation, morphological and cytological changes, metabolic and other processes affected by pollution, and element uptake and accumulation (S, heavy metals and radionuclides).] Gee, H. (1989) London's green tide. World Magazine 1989(11): 6-12. [Popular note on lichen reinvasion of London.] Gerhardt-Dircksen, A. & Hippe, A. (1988) Untersuchungen zur epiphytischen Flechtenvegetation der Stadt Bielefeld. In Beitrage zur Flechtenkunde in Nordzuestdeutschland (W. Grooten & E. Woelm, eds) [Arbeitsberichte 13]: 49—54 Miinster: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Angewandte Geographie Miinster e.V. [5-zonal lichen-air pollution map of the region based on the lichens of trees, predominantly apple. Discussion and data.] Gilbert, O. L. (1989a) The Ecology of Urban Habitats. Chapman and Hall: London and New York. [Contains several detailed comments on the status, poleotolerance and performance of lichens in urban situations.] Gilbert, O. L. (19896) The greenhouse effect and lichens. British Lichen Society Bulletin 65: 1-5. ['What does a warmer future hold for the British lichen flora?' Suggested possibilities are: migration northwards of certain species; extinction of arctic and boreal species with southern limits now in northern Britain; establishment of some sub-Mediterranean and southern species unrecorded in Britain except for the Channel and Scilly Isles; and a less spectacular overall shift of balance in species already present.] Glime, J. M. & Iwatsuki, Z. (1989) Steam vent vegetation: Survival of the smallest. American Journal of Botany 76 (6 Supplement): 7. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. Lichens were among plant communities sampled to study restrictions imposed on vegetation by high temperature and humidity, noxious gases and low pH levels near geothermal vents. 'Being small, especially with little underground biomass, is a requisite of survival of high sub-surface temperatures in this habitat.'] Hallingback, T. (1989) Occurrence and ecology of the lichen Lobaria scrobiculata in southern Sweden. Lichenologist 21: 331-341. [Thorough investigation of 50 out of 300 pre-1950 localities with Lobaria scrobiculata in southern Sweden confirmed its presence at only two. In general population and thallus size are now lower, as is fertility. The species is confined to regions of low air pollution and high humidity; air pollution is its greatest current danger.] Hawksworth, D. L. & McManus, P. M. (1989a) Lichen recolonization in London (UK) under conditions of rapidly falling sulphur dioxide levels, and the concept of zone skipping. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 100: 99-110. [Lichens on trees and wood were studied in 50 north-west London sites. Evernia prunastri and Ramalinafannacea now occur in many central London parks; Parmelia caperata was found at 12 sites. Although species of zone 6-7 had penetrated central London, a zone 4-5 assemblage had not. Such 'zoneskipping' is attributed to speed of decrease in SO, pollution. Of 25 species not previously seen this century, eight had not been found for 200 years.] Hawksworth, D. L. & McManus, P. M. (19896) Lichens that tell a tale. Country Life 183(44): 144-145. [Notes on lichen retreat from London as air pollution increased and of post-Clean Air Act lichen reinvasion of the city.] Heliotis, F. D., Karandinos, M. G. & Whiton, J. C. (1988) Air pollution and the decline of the fir forest in Parnis National Park, near Athens, Greece. Environmental Pollution 54: 29^10. [Fir forest on Mt Parnis, 30 km north of Athens, is suffering stress and die-back. Lichens, tree-cores and needles were collected from a south-east site, facing Athens, and from a north-facing site. South-east facing lichens had higher Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Al, Mo, Mn and N
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