Literature on air pollution and lichens XXXI

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178 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol.22 dominated. Temperature and Pb(NO,) 2> two synergistic stress factors, had an overadditive effect.] Macher, M. & Steubing, L. (1986) Flechten als Bioindikatoren zur immissionsokologischen Waldzustandserfassung im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie 14: 335-342. [In the Bavarian Forest National Park area, 30 lichens have been recorded on Picea abies, and 72 on Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus. Lichen frequency afforded less differentiation between areas than degree of vitality.] Mahii, M. (1989) Pollution atmospherique et lichens dans la ville de Santiago du Chili. Mycotaxon 34:407-428. [Lichen mapping in Santiago de Chile with discussion of climatic, topographic and pollutant data. Lichens were present in all study areas.] Mejstfik, V. (1984) Lisejniky a znecisteni ovzdusi v okoli Pfibrami. [Lichens and air pollution in the Pribram area.] Vlastivedny Sbormk Podbrdska, Pfibram 22(1982): 207-238. [IAP mapping of epiphytic lichens of the Pribram region.] Moberg, R. (1988) Synpunkter pa floravardsarbetet pa kryptogamsidan. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 82: 401-402. [Site protection and a decrease in air pollution are the two main desideranda for conservation of red data (categories 0-4) bryophytes (216), fungi (c.500) and lichens (24) in Sweden.] Nash III, T. H., Boucher, V. L. & Schlesinger, W. H. (1989) The potential role of fruticose epiphytic lichens in ecosystem processes. American Journal of Botany 76(6 Supplement): 2. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. Lichens add substantial vertical structure to forest canopies and may be more important than vascular plants in such processes as atmospheric aerosol interception. Retention of dry deposition as gaseous and paniculate aerosols may matter more than interception of wet deposition. Initial results with SO 2 indicate that lichen absorption capacity may exceed that of vascular plants by a factor up to 5000. NO, and NH 4 * ions can be accumulated at concentrations exceeding whole ecosystem fluxesif lichen biomass is in the 700-3300 kg ha ' range.] Newton, D. P. & Newton, L. D. (1989) Lichenometry: fieldwork for schools and colleges. Journal of Biological Education 23:125-128. [Introductory feature includes a brief note on lichens as indicators of air pollution.] Norby, R. J. & Sigal, L. L. (1989) Nitrogen fixationin the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Oecologia 79: 566-568. [Lobaria pulmonaria from Douglas Fir forest near Corvallis was submitted to 20 to 40 days CO, concentrations of 374 and 700 ^11 '. Nitrogenase activity doubled. Increased lichen nitrogen fixation may be important in ecosystem response to rising CO, levels.] Papastefanou, C, Manalopoulou, M. & Sawadis, T. (1989) Lichens and mosses: Biological monitors of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 9: 199-207. [Post-Chernobyl concentrations of " 7 Cs in lichens (Evenna prunastri, Cladonia furcata, C. convoluta, C. rangiformis, Anaptychia ciliaris, Xanthoria parietina, Physcia spp., Collema spp., Parmelia liliacea and Ramalina fraxinea) ranged from 1070 to 14 560 Bq kg 1 . ' 06 Ru, H4 Ce, 125 Sb and " Om Ag were also measured. Includes a gamma spectrum for 'hot' Anaptychia ciliaris and a table of radionuclide contents in lichens from three main localities.] Piervittori, R. & Sampo, S. 1987/1988. Lichen colonization of the stone-works: The front of Vezzolano Abbey, Asti (Piedmont) Italy. Allionia 28:93-102. [Examination of the lichens of a Piedmontese abbey facade (12th century) and of some mechanisms of chemical and biotic deterioration, particularly the role of lichens, e.g. Lecanora muralis, L. albescens, L. dispersa, Candelanella medians, C. aurella, Lecania erysibe, Physcoma grisea and Verrucaria sp.] Pujmanova, L. & Soldan, Z. (1985) Lichenofloristicka a bryofloristicka studie S.P.R. Jezerka v Krusnych horach. [Lichenofloristic and bryofloristic study of the Jezerka nature reserve in the Krusnehory Mountains.] Severoceskou Pfirodou, Litomefice 17: 29-39. [Recent results are compared with 1931 literature data. Thirty-four species of lichen were found, 49 having disappeared probably due to air pollution. Only two epiphytic lichens and no epiphytic bryophytes were found.] Richardson, D. H. S. & Dowding, P. (1989) Studies on leaf yeast populations in relation to air quality and lichen distribution in Europe. American Journal of Botany 76 (6 Supplement): 12. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. Leaf yeasts and lichens yield complementary information on air quality.]
1990 <strong>Literature</strong> on air pollution and lichens—Henderson 179 Rissanen, K. & Rahola, T. (1989) Cs-137 concentration in reindeer and its fodder plants. The Science of the Total Environment 85: 199-206. [Dry weight 137 Cs concentrations in Finnish Lappland lichens, which peaked at 2500 Bq kg' in the mid-1960s, were reduced to 74- 460 Bq kg ' in ground lichens (Cladonia, Catraria and Stereocaulon) and to 47-200 Bq kg"' in arboreal lichens {Alectoria, Bryoria and Usnea). After the Chernobyl accident levels rose to 200-2100 Bq kg ' in ground lichens and 160-1900 Bq kg ' in arboreal lichens.] Roy-Arcand, L., Delisle, C. E. & Briere, F. G. (1989) Effects of simulated acid precipitation on the metabolic activity of Cladina stellaris. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 1796-1802. [Effects of rain pH (2, 3, 4 and 5) and sulphate:nitrate ratios (2:1 and 6:1) on Cladina stellaris from Knujjuarapik, Quebec, were studied. At pH 2-3 podetial tips showed reduced metabolic activity, and at pH 4-5 enhanced growth. A threshold resonse to acid precipitation near pH 3-5 is indicated.] Scott, M. G. & Hutchinson, T. C. (1989) Morphological and chemical studies of epiphytic lichens from high elevation cloud forests as indicators of atmospheric pollution. American Journal of Botany 76 (6 Supplement): 13. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. German and North American populations of Hypogymniaphysodes, on balsam firand red spruce showing moderate decline, had higher levels of Mn, Ca, Mg, K and S than lichens from clean sites. At severely declining sites these nutrients were depleted. Lichen tissue chemistry showed high levels of Fe, Zn, Al and Pb; all metals sensitive to mobilization by acidity. Morphology and cell structure of lichen epiphytes from acidified forests showed lobe aberrancies, abnormally high production of reproductive structures, starch and lipid accumulation, and necrosis and plasmolysis of algal cells.] Scott, M. G., Hutchinson, T. C. & Feth, M. J. (1989) A comparison of the effects on Canadian boreal forest lichens of nitric and sulfuric acids as sources of rain acidity. New Phytologist 111:663-672. [Cladina rangiferina and C. stellaris plots in boreal forest were sprayed for two years with artificial rain (pH 4-2, 3-2 or 2-8 and at four different sulphate:nitrate ratios). Short-term growth stimulation was observed in rain at pH 4-2 with high nitrate, but not in most acid sprays. No long-term benefit from acid rain inputs is considered likely.] Seaward, M. R. D. (1989a) Contribution of lichens to ecosystems. In Handbook of Lichenology (M. Galun, ed.): 107-129. Boca Raton, Florida: C.R.C. Press, Inc. [Reviews work on the contribution of lichens to ecosystems, and considers inter alia the role of air pollution in some monospecific communities; mineral cycling processes; and lichen diversity-crypsis relationships.] Seaward, M. R. D. (19896) Air pollution, lichens and the peppered moth: adapting biological monitoring to modern problems. American Journal of Botany 76 (6 Supplement): 14. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. Lichen and algal species limitation by air pollution has encouraged the spread of fungal parasites with a predilection for poleotolerant species. Species-poor communities still dominate substrata. Changes in the ratio lichen-diversity:population numbers of Biston betularia are discussed.] Siegel, S. M. & Daly, O. (1968) Response of Cladonia rangiferina to experimental stress factors. Botanical Gazette 129: 339-345. [Effects on Cladonia rangiferina of inter alia exposure to 500 krads of gamma-radiation under N 2 . After 10 days tissue was pale yellow, flaccidand beginning to disintegrate.] Silberstein, L. & Galun, M. (1989) Pollution resistance mechanisms in the lichen Xanthoria parietina. American Journal of Botany 76 (6 Supplement): 15. [Abstract only of a conference paper. See Albrecht (1989) above for details. Xanthoria parietina in polluted sites in Israel has fivetimes more glutathione, several times more proline and arginine, and more alanine than in clean air sites. Superoxide dismutase activity in X. parietina is unaffected by exposure to H 2 SO 3 .] Sochting, U. (1989) Xanthoria elegans spreading in Denmark. Graphis Scripta 2:167. [Xanthoria elegans was unrecorded in Denmark until 1988, although mortar has been in use for centuries and asbestos was introduced in 1929. It is suggested X. elegans may be an indicator of airborne N deposition.] Szerbin, P. & Popov, D. K. (1988) Transfer of radium-228, thorium-228 and radium-226 from forage to cattle and reindeer. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 8:129-141. [Including tabulation and discussion of Ra and Th isotope concentrations in reindeer lichen forage (species unspecified).]
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