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Universität Stuttgart
Institute Report 2010-2011
| ALR
Institute for Sanitary Engineering,
Water Quality and Solid Waste
Management
| AWT
| BiOS
| CH
| EMS
| IWT
| LFKW
| RIK
| SE
| SIA
| WGW

Institute report 2010-2011
Institute for Sanitary Engineering,
Water Quality and Solid Waste Management | ISWA
Bandtäle 2
70569 Stuttgart

Content
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
5
and Solid Waste Management
Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Waterrecycling
Wastewater Technology | AWT
Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology | IWT
Urban Drainage | SE
Water Quality Management and Water Supply | WGW
11
22
42
56
64
Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Solid Waste Management | SIA
Resource Management and Industrial Recycling | RIK
Emissions | EMS
Biological Air Purification | ALR
79
98
122
130
136
Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance | CH
Hydrobiology and Analysis of Organic Trace Compounds | BiOS
143
156
162
Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education | LFKW
172
3

Institute for Sanitary Engineering,
Water Quality and Solid Waste
Management ISWA
Institute for Sanitary Engineering,
Water Quality and Solid Waste
Management
Bandtäle 2
70569 Stuttgart
Germany
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
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Universität Stuttgart
The Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality, and Solid Waste Management
(ISWA) is a research and training facility of the University of Stuttgart
(Universität Stuttgart) within the faculty of “Civil and Environmental Engineering
Sciences”. The University’s Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Teaching,
which is situated within the institute, is unique throughout Europe.
Experts from various engineering and natural sciences
work together at our institute on an interdisciplinary
basis. Our principal areas of expertise are the classical
engineering tasks in the environmental fields of water,
wastewater, solid waste, soil, and exhaust air.
The continuous development of technical facilities
and practical methods in the fields of industrial and
municipal supply and disposal are the focus of our
interest. Our experience is also incorporated into the
monitoring and development of quality assurance
measures and management systems.
Our institute, which is known today as the Institute for
Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste
Management (ISWA), was founded as the “Institute
for Sanitary Engineering and Health Technology” in the
early 1950s. At that time, it was the first educational
establishment in Germany for civil engineers in the
field of water and solid waste in urban development. In
the 1970s the first chair of solid waste management at
a German university was created. Today, our institute
is one of the largest of its kind in the world.
The three chairs at the ISWA – Sanitary Engineering
and Water Recycling, Solid Waste Management
and Exhaust Air, Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology in
Sanitary Engineering – represent the broad spectrum
of environmental issues that occupy us in one department
and nine sections.
We offer a large variety of study courses
Our institute offers numerous courses and internships
in basic and specialized studies, as well as, student
research projects, dissertations, Bachelor and Master’s
theses for the following courses of study:
• Civil Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Real Estate Engineering and Management
• WAREM (Water Resources Engineering and Management)
• WASTE (Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste
Water Process Engineering)
• Infrastructure Planning
• Technical Biology
• EDUBRAS-MAUI (Meio Ambiente Urbano e Industrial
– municipal and industrial environmental protection)
Master study in Curitiba / Brasilien
For the first time, ISWA introduced a Master of Science
course under German administration at the public
university UFBR of Curitiba, Brazil. The project is
named “Export of German University education” and is
funded by the DAAD. Therewith, courses of ISWA are
also offered in non-European countries.
In addition, there are courses for students in process
engineering, biology, and chemistry. We also participate
in the international doctoral candidate program
ENWAT (Environment Water) at the University of Stutt-
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Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management ISWA
gart (Universität Stuttgart), as well as, in programs for
non-university education and training.
Scientific collaboration
Under the auspices of the ISWA, scientific colloquia
and congresses on current topics of national significance
relating sanitary engineering and solid waste
management have been held since 1957.
Our academic employees are representatives on
numerous national and international boards as well as,
on technical and standardization committees of various
technical-scientific organizations.
The ISWA facilities
The institute currently employs around 105 people;
four professors, six civil servants, about 47 academic
employees as well as, approximately 48 employees in
technical service. Furthermore, there are between 70
to 140 academic and student assistants as well as,
over 15 fellows who prepared their doctoral thesis at
the ISWA.
All necessary facilities, the research treatment plant,
testing facilities and laboratories, lecture rooms, the
technical library as well as, computer workstations
equipped with specialist applications, are available for
university teaching and research.
One of the special features of our institute is the sewage
treatment plant for research and education, which
routinely also cleans the wastewater from the campus
in Vaihingen and the district Stuttgart Büsnau.
Our laboratories are excellently equipped for extensive
investigations in a wide variety of environmental fields
(water, wastewater, solid waste/soil, air). We have a
large amount of (online) measuring equipment
available for experiments on a laboratory scale, semitechnical
scale and technical scale. In particular, this
includes equipment for organic trace analysis; in
part, these are operated using special coupling techniques
for mass spectrometry (GCMS-MS, HPLCMS-
MS). We also utilize computer supported prediction
methods in various scientific disciplines. With the aid of
specially designed computer applications, modelling
of processes in water and wastewater treatment is
possible; measures in the fields of rainwater management
and waste management concepts can be
modeled, as well as, geochemical simulations being
carried out. The continuously improved computer
simulations serve process control or decision making
at various levels.
Focal points of teaching and research
Our activities under the chairs of Sanitary Engineering
and Water Recycling are concentrated around the
minimization of the anthropogenic influence on water
bodies and the natural hydrologic cycle during water
extraction. Also, we are engaged in the optimized
treatment and sustainable use of water resources
and the effective and environmentally friendly wastewater
discharge and treatment. Water resources
management, in particular, is of increasing international
importance in the rapidly growing urban areas of the
developing and emerging countries.
The chair of solid waste management and exhaust air,
develops solutions ranging from waste avoidance to
routes for material recycling and energy exploitation
of waste, and their environmentally friendly disposal,
including controlling the resulting emissions. Waste
management is interdisciplinary embedded in both a
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Universität Stuttgart
scientific-technical and socio-economic context. Here,
too, international cooperation projects are highly
valued, but also regional integration, e.g. via the
Kompetenzzentrum Umwelttechnik – KURS e.V.
(Competence Centre Environmental Engineering).
The chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology in
Sanitary Engineering addresses questions on sanitary
engineering and solid waste management using
natural scientific methods. In particular, the occurrence
and behaviour of environmental chemicals (e.g. eliminability,
accumulation, mobility) in surface waters and
groundwater, in water and wastewater treatment, as
well as, in soil and waste are investigated. Moreover,
analytical quality assurance takes a high priority.
The close association of interdisciplinary research,
teaching and practice in all areas of our institute is
achieved by a constant discourse with external partners
and research facilities as well as with clients,
public and private facilities. Besides working on research
and development projects, we offer external
partners numerous services, consulting and expert’s
advisory services as well as training.
The Water Research Centre Stuttgart (wfz)
Water in urban and natural systems is one of the most
important issues of our century. Many water-related
issues are the focus of our institute. Thus, an essential
aspect is a global improvement of water supply
and wastewater disposal. However, this cannot be
achieved alone through the establishment of technical
supply and disposal systems. The consideration of the
entire water system is of fundamental importance. In
addition, water is not only the most important food but
is also an environmental and biotope design element.
To understand the complex system water in all its
aspects and interactions, concepts and strategies
are needed that are based upon extensive scientific
knowledge. Therefore, the hydrological regime with
the associated nutrient loads and the interaction with
the processes in the aquatic habitats are examined in
order to derive appropriate modeling approaches and
management strategies and to develop new technologies.
This goes far beyond the core competencies of our
institute and was the motivator for the professors at
the ISWA to found the Water Research Centre in Stuttgart
in 2007 together with colleagues at the Institute
for Water and Environmental Systems (IWS).
Since that time, colleges from other faculties with a
focus in water related research joined, so that the
water research center has been established as a crossfaculty,
engineering oriented research center supported
by institutes of the University of Stuttgart.
The aim is to network, to combine activities, to expand,
and in cooperation with other national and international
actors to develop integrated water management
solutions for the varied questions about the system
water.
First cross-institutional projects of the wfz have already
been completed and new ones are currently being
realized.
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Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management ISWA
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
and Solid Waste Management
Managing Director:
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Board of Management:
Full professors — Department Heads
Manager of the Waste Water Treatment Plant — Head of Administrativ Office
Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Wastewater Technology
Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology
Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Meyer, Regierungsbaumeister
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor
Urban Drainage
Water Quality Management and Water Supply
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer, Akad. Rat
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, Akad. Oberrat
Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Biological Air Purification
Solid Waste Management
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Karl-Heinrich Engesser
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Resource Management and Industrial Recycling
Emissions
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser, Akad. Oberrat
Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil Jörg W. Metzger
Hydrochemistry and
Analytical Quality Assurance
Hydrobiology and
Analysis of Organic Trace Compounds
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch, Akad. Rat
Demonstration and Research Wastewater Treatment Plant
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Maurer
Administrative Office ISWA
Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Mollweide, Akad. Oberrat
www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
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Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water
Recycling
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Wastewater Technology | AWT
Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Meyer, Reg. Baumeister
Industrial Water and Waste Water Technology IWT
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor
Urban Drainage SE
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer, Akad. Rat
Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, Akad. Oberrat
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Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Research
The Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
is engaged in a wide spectrum of activities both in
the fields of fundamental and applied research. The
activities also include consulting of state and municipal
authorities, as well as, contract research on behalf of
private, industrial, and public clients.
The Chair’s four departments “Waste Water Technology”,
“Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology”,
“Urban Drainage” and “Water Quality Management
and Water Supply” have individual core competencies.
They cooperate closely in order to achieve the goals
of modern sanitary engineering, that is achieving
high levels of comfort in water supply and wastewater
disposal and equally applying the best possible practice
in terms of water protection, sustainable resources
management and energy management.
Being integrated in expertise networks, participating
in standardization committees, trade associations and
professional bodies, the Chair has many national and
international contacts and collaborates as well with
public as industrial research institutions both in Germany
and abroad.
The main focus of the activities in the department
“Waste Water Technology” (AWT) is the optimization and
development of methods for biological and advanced
wastewater treatment in research and practice.
Special emphasis is put on wastewater and nutrient
recycling, anaerobic treatment, measurement, control,
and regulation technologies, wastewater disinfection,
and membrane and fixed-bed technologies.
protection, as well as, minimization of industrial
emissions via internal recirculation and treatment
of process wastewater, at regional and international
levels. Due to a systematic approach and many years
of experience, it is possible to provide customers
from various industry branches with a wide range of
solutions to improve their environmental and economical
potential. In addition to internal and decentralized
solutions, centralized solutions are developed
through developing advanced purification procedures
for the treatment of industrial wastewater in municipal
treatment plants. Prior to this antecedent aerobic and
anaerobic biological degradation tests were carried
out. As an example, in the 90s the ISWA developed
the AAF-method (Adsorption-Precipitation-Filtration-
Method) to eliminate reactive dyes, originating from
the textile finishing industry, in municipal wastewater
treatment plants. In light of the current discussions on
the elimination of micro pollutants, the AFF-method
has once again become a focal point and is currently
being applied to different municipal wastewater treatment
plants in order to eliminate micro pollutants by
adsorption.
Another prime focus is the treatment of landfill leachate
by means of biological and physio-chemical processes.
For example, customized modular processes are
developed for the aftercare of landfills at reduced
levels of leachate and pollutant concentrations, in which
the use of activated carbon adsorption and membrane
technology play an essential role. The separation of
loaded activated carbon is an issue for other industrial
branches as well as, for municipal wastewater
treatment plants, who depend on the department for
solutions.
Aiming at contributing to the goal of sustainable water
supply and wastewater disposal the department
AWT investigates and tests future-oriented concepts
and technologies to minimize emissions and energy
consumption in wastewater treatment plants, to use
alternative energy sources for wastewater treatment,
and to recover valuable materials and nutrients from
the material flows in wastewater treatment processes.
Customized water reuse concepts are designed for
worldwide application, and dimensioning principles are
developed in order to use existing technologies in other
climatic regions, e.g. in the tropics. A strong practical
focus are also the offered non-committed performance
evaluation of wastewater treatment plants, as well as,
the evaluation of individual process steps, e.g. oxygen
supply in aeration tanks.
The department “Industrial Water and Wastewater
Technology” (IWT) deals with all issues related to
process and production-integrated environmental
The department IWT also deals with the recycling of
water and other valuable materials, as well as, the
conservation of resources. For instance, the department
offers experts’ assessments on the suitability of
using industrial residues as an alternative fuel source in
the cement industry, co-incineration of sewage sludge
in cement plants or the production of bio-plastics
from wastewater. Other focal points are on consulting
clients from the catering and food industry, cosmetics
and pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry as well
as the metal and automotive industries. In an official
testing laboratory neutral performance evaluations are
carried out for plants that reduce hydrocarbons from
wastewater containing mineral oil.
The department “Urban Drainage” (SE) deals primarily
with the description of runoff and sediment transport
processes in urban drainage systems and waterways.
Methodological focal points of the research are
measurements of runoff volume and quality, the
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Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
modeling of the rainfall-runoff process and the
associated mass transfer.
In the area of field measurements, online-sensors are
combined with automatic samplers. Due to the high
temporal resolution of the online measurements, the
dynamics of the transport processes, especially during
heavy rain, can be mapped. The analysis of parallel
obtained samples provides the basis for the calibration
of the sensors. In addition, the samples are used to
measure concentrations of substances for which there
are no online tools available. These are increasingly
micro pollutants.
In the area of simulations, ongoing research deals with
the modeling of sediment transport in sewers. Here
too, field measurements in real sewer systems form
the basis. Other topics include the effects of climate
change on rainfall-related emissions as well as the
simulation of the heat balance in drainage systems.
The latter shall provide the basis for an efficient heat
recovery.
The department “Water Quality Management and Water
Supply” (WGW) works on researching and modeling
the water quality status of flowing and stagnant
waters. Special emphasis is put on the effect of water
saving measures, measures related to the rainwater
harvesting, as well as, on the influence of residual
pollution loads from treated municipal and industrial
wastewater and agricultural sources. Significant importance
has the work related to preventive protection
of drinking water resources such as the research of the
input pathways of pesticides in surface waters, hazard
analysis and risk assessment in drinking water protection
areas, and the interaction of wastewater pretreatment
processes and wastewater management
practices in industry with the wastewater treatment
processes at municipal wastewater treatment plants.
The department has special expertise in modeling and
simulating the behavior of industrial indirect discharge
during the wastewater transport and co-treatment in
municipal wastewater treatment plants. Further focus
is the development of a process technology, ecologically
and economically optimized water recycling and
wastewater pre-treatment approaches in a variety of
different industry branches such as textile finishing
and paper industries. The department is very active in
the area of transfer, adaptation and implementation of
drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies
in Southeast Asia (India, China and Vietnam).
Another issue handled in the field of water supply is
the subterranean treatment of groundwater for the
removal of iron, manganese, arsenic and nitrification.
The department also investigates the application
of membrane technology, advanced oxidation and
anaerobic-biological processes for the treatment
of drinking water and process water for industrial
purposes. In addition, the department deals with all
problems related to transport, storage and distribution
of drinking water, e.g. the hygienic problems that may
arise as a result of long hydraulic residence time in
the public water supply network. A particular focus is
on increasing energy efficiency in all areas of water
supply.
Courses and Lectures
Chair professors, research staff and lecturers supervise
students in the following courses:
• In the Bachelor-Program civil engineering the
basic courses “Sanitary Engineering” and “Water
Quality Management” are offered. In addition,
the chair is instrumental in the course “Water Management”.
In the Master-Program civil engineering
the following core lectures are offered: “Water
Treatment Processes”, “Design of Water Supply
Facilities”, “Design of Wastewater and Sludge
Treatment Plants”, as well as the complementary
courses: “Urban Drainage and Wastewater Treatment
Processes”, “Industrial Water Technology
I”, “Industrial Water Technology II”, “Operation
of Wastewater Treatment Plants”, “Planning and
Design of Water Supply Facilities”, „Optimization
and Recycling Potential in Wastewater Technology“,
“Special Aspects of Water Supply”, “Simulation
and Rehabilitation of Drainage Systems“, and
“Special Aspects of Urban Water Management”.
• In the Bachelor-Program environmental engineering
the basic courses “Sanitary Engineering” and
“Water Quality Management” are offered. In the
Master-Program environmental engineering the
following core lectures are offered: “Water Treatment
Processes”, “Industrial Water Technology I”,
“Industrial Water Technology II”, “Design of Water
Supply Facilities”, “Design of Wastewater and
Sludge Treatment Plants”, as well as the complementary
courses: “Urban Drainage and Wastewater
Treatment Processes“, “Operation of Wastewater
Treatment Plants”, “Planning and Design of
Water Supply Facilities”, “Optimization and Recycling
Potential in Wastewater Technology“, “Special
Aspects of Water Supply”, “Simulation and
Rehabilitation of Drainage Systems“, and “Special
Aspects of Urban Water Management”.
• In the English-speaking foreign-oriented Master-
Program Water Resources Engineering and Management
(WAREM) the following courses are
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Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
offered: “Wastewater Technology”,“Water Demand,
Supply and Distribution”,“Design of Sewer
Systems and Stormwater Treatment”, “Design of
Wastewater Treatment Plants”, “Water Qualitiy
Management”, “Water Treatment”, “Treatment of
Industrial Waste Water”, “Case Study”, “Planning
and Design of Water Supply Facilities”, “Scientific
Seminar”, “Rainwater Harvesting and Management”,
as well as parts of the module “Sanitary
Engineering - Practical Class”.
• In the English-speaking foreign-oriented Master-
Program Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and
Waste Water Process Engineering (WASTE)
the same core and optional lectures in all fields
of municipal and industrial wastewater disposal
and treatment as well as water quality and
management are offered as in the Master-Program
WAREM.
• In the English-speaking Master-Program Infrastructure
Planning the following courses are offered:
“Water Demand Supply and Water Distribu-
tion”, “Water Quality Management”, “Wastewater
Technology”, and “Water Treatment” with lectures
on municipal supply and disposal as well as water
quality management.
• In Curitiba / Brazil the Master-Program „MAUI“
(Meio Ambiente Urbano e Industrial - Municipal and
industrial environmental protection introduced)
was indroduced under German leadership and
German standards in cooperation with the Universidade
Federal do Paraná (UFPR) and the National
Environmental Centre in the industry association
FIEP (Federação the Industrias do Estado do
Paraná) and its section for vocational training
SENAI-PR (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem
Industrial ) in Curitiba / Paraná. In this Master-
Program, Brazilian students are qualified in the
scope of the German Program “Study Proposals
by German Faculties Overseas”, sponsored by the
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The
Master-Program was evaluated in March 2009 by
the DAAD and awarded with the title „Excellent“
and called a „role model project“. Given the
2011 excursion with german and international students at several hydraulic structures and urban water management
systems in Luxemburg and the Netherlands; here to be seen, the pilot plant at the Harnaschpolder wastewater
treatment plant for the reuse of the effluent
14

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
academic excellence and positive feedback
throughout Brazil, the DAAD decided to continue
funding the project even after the end of the first
financial support phase. As part of the program
Education Export to lay a textbook series in
Brazil an application for a financial increase has
been approved. Furthermore, a project extension
of two years has been applied for. During this
period, the international accreditation as well
as the realization of a double degree is to be
realized.
Furthermore, some lectures are offered for students of
process engineering. The proposed lectures are completed
by various excursions of one or more days.
Beside the education of students from different programs
of study, this chair is also integrated in a structured
education of postgraduates. In the International
Doctoral Program “Environment Water” (ENWAT)
doctoral students are not only supervised during their
research but are also prepare for their dissertation
through obligatory participation in seminars, etc. and
are in close technical exchange with other students
and tutors of the program.
By means of seminars and colloquia, a high number of
events for continuing education are offered. These are
preferably organized in co-operation with DWA, DVGW,
and BWK. Other events to be emphasized are the
periodic colloquia for Wastewater Treatment and Potable
Water, the course for Water Sampling by order of
The Ministry for Environment of Baden-Württemberg,
the Stuttgart round of sewer rehabilitation and courses
for training and continuing education for certified water
treatment plant specialist and canal guards. In addition,
training courses are available for companies. The
chair’s international activities continuously increase in
importance.
Apart from the Master-Program “MAUI” other courses
are offered internationally. A training course on landfill
technology and landfill leachate treatment is offered
in Brazil, for example. In addition, training courses for
the operation of sewage treatment plants in the non-
European countries are offered, as well as „train the
trainer“ programs.
Finally, the supervision of study seminars, independent
studies, bachelor and master theses as well as
design works is an important aspect for the formation
of junior researchers. The students are closely involved
in working on current issues and ongoing research
projects.
15

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Conferences - Seminars - Colloquia
5th German-Brazilian Symposium on Sustainable
Development at the University of Stuttgart
Sustainable environmental strategies were focused on
the 5th German-Brazilian Symposium on Sustainable
Development from July 18th to July 22th 2011 at the
University of Stuttgart, completing the German-Brazilian
Year of Science 2010/11. More than 230 participants
from science, research and industry took part at the
event, including more than half of Brazil. On the focus
of the 5th German-Brazilian Symposium on Sustainable
Development –Climate and Resource Protection- were
current environmental issues, such as the use of
renewable energies and the proceeding climate
warming.
The event was managed by the professors Jörg Metzger
and Uwe Menzel from ISWA in cooperation with the
Baden-Wuerttemberg Brazil Center of the University
of Tuebingen and Baden-Württemberg International
(bw-i). After welcoming speeches by Prof. Jörg Metzger
(organizing team Germany) and Prof. Dieter Bredemeier
(organizing team Brazil), Prof. Dr. Wolfram Ressel
(Rector of the University of Stuttgart), Prof. Stefan
Laufer (Rector of the Brazil Center at the University
of Tübingen, Sueli Pavani (Brazilian Consulate General
in Munich) and Assistant secretary of state Dr. Simone
Schwanitz (Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of
Baden-Wuerttemberg), Prof. João Steiner, an astrophysicist
at the prestigious University of São Paulo
(USP) and member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
hold the opening lecture on excellent research in
Brazil.
institutions, universities and ministries.
Sociologist Professor Ortwin Renn, Professor at the
University of Stuttgart and Director of the Interdisciplinary
Research Unit on Risk Governance and
Sustainable Technology Development at the International
Center for Cultural and Technological Research
on sustainable development, gave the final lecture on interaction
between environmental protection, economic
prosperity and social justice.
A variety of excursions to scientific interesting
destinations in the region completed the bilateral
event. The participants visited e.g. The Fraunhofer
Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology
(IGB) in Reutlingen, which does research on the
production of energy (biogas) from algal biomass, the
in-plant process water and wastewater treatment plant
of a brewery, the municipal wastewater treatment plant
in Bönnigheim, which is designed for wine wastewater
and the ultra-modern drinking water treatment plant
of the Association of Lake-Constance-water supply.
The conference program touched a wide range of topics,
ranging from issues of renewable energy, regional
development and environmental technology on to
water, wastewater, soil, waste up to the issues of
climate and sustainable forest management and other
priorities. Prof. Dr. Uwe Menzel and Daniel Neuffer
from ISWA gave a lecture in the session „Bilateral Programs“
on the cooperation projects with Brazil over
the past ten years. The session was completed by
presentations from Wolfgang Wolf from the Environmental
Engineering Platform of the National Association
of Baden Wurttemberg Industry (LVI), Hartmut
Reichl from the BW Ministry of Economics and Prof. Dr.
Sergio Roberto Arruda from Senai, Florianopolis.
Excursion to WWTP Bönnigheim (viniculture wastewater)
The positive response from participants at the final
event demonstrated the success of the symposium
as well as the great interest for environmental topics.
The German-Brazilian Symposia take place in a two
year rhythm, alternating between the two countries
Germany and Brazil. Host of the next one, in 2013, will
be the Universidad Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA)
in Santarém, Brazil.
Overall, more than 50 presentations and 100 posters
presented recent research results on the main issues.
During the conference there was also an industrial
exhibition and a Project and Cooperation Forum with
the participation of Baden-Württemberg International.
This is designed to promote scientific exchanges and
concrete projects, as well as merge donors, funding
16

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Closing event: Farewell of the parcipitants by Prof. Menzel.
Financing Institution:
Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-
Württemberg; International Bureau of the Federal
Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); German
Research Association (DFG); Aggregation of friends
of the University of Stuttgart German Academic Exchange
Service (DAAD); et al.
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel (IWT)
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. J. W. Metzger (CH)
Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer (IWT)
Dipl.-Ing. C. Stagl (IWT)
Internet: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/deutschbrasilianisches-symposium2011
http://www.uni-tuebingen.de//uni/bzc/
Project partner:
Baden-Wuerttemberg Brazil Center of the University
of Tuebingen; Baden-Württemberg International
(bw-i)
Colloquia
86. Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium
(2011): „Neue Verfahren und Betriebsstrategien in
der Abwasserbehandlung“. Stuttgarter Berichte zur
Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band 208,Oldenbourg
Industrieverlag GmbH, ISBN: 978-3-8356-3306-3,
13.10.2011.
2. Stuttgarter Runde - Expertenforum zur Kanalsanierung
(2011): „Kanalsanierung - Werterhalt
durch Wissensvorsprung“. http://www.stuttgarterrunde.de/index.html,
14.04.2011.
25. Trinkwasserkolloquium (2011): „Herausforderungen
und Lösungen für die Wasserversorgung
- Wettbewerb, Versorgungssicherheit, Innovation, Effizienzsteigerung“.
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Band 206,Oldenbourg Industrieverlag
GmbH, ISBN: 978-3-8356-3239-4, 24.02.2011.
85. Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium
(2010): „Regenwasserbehandlung in Abwasseranlagen
- Prozesse und Lösungsansätze“. Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band 204,Oldenbourg
Industrieverlag GmbH, ISBN: 978-3-8356-3208-0,
14.10.2010.
1. Stuttgarter Runde - Expertenforum zur Kanalsanierung
(2010): „Kanalsanierung - Werterhalt
durch Wissensvorsprung“. http://www.stuttgarterrunde.de/index.html,
15.04.2010.
24.Trinkwasserkolloquium (2010): „Grundwasser
und Grundwasserleiter - Nutzungskonflikte und Lösungsansätze““.
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Band 201,Oldenbourg Industrieverlag
GmbH, ISBN: 978-3-8356-3203-5, 25.02.2010.
17

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Dissertation
Fabio Chui Pressinotti (2010): Adaptation of trickling
filter technology to hot climate regions. Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band 205 (196
S., 82 Abb., 22 Tab.), Oldenbourg Industrieverlag.
Publications
2011
Antakyali, D.; Kuch, B.; Preyl, V.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Effect of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Recovered
Struvite. Proceedings of the WEF Conference Nutrient
Recovery and Management, Miami, USA, 9.-12.01.2011.
Drenkova-Tuhtan, A.; Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Einsatz der Nanotechnologie in der Abwasserreinigung.
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag GmbH, München, Band
208, 55 - 79, ISBN 978-3-8356-3306-3.
Guney, K. (2011): Phosphorus recovery as MAP-Struvite
from digested sewage sludge. Chapter 17 in Sewage
Sludge Management: From the Past to our Century,
Nova Science Publishers, ISBN 978-1-61324-393-0.
Locher, C.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Anaerobic
treatment of concentrates originating from membrane
filtration of wastewater from a Deinking-process and
of raw wastewater from a Deinking-process. Conference
proceedings of X Latin American Workshop and
Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion (DAAL), Ouro Preto
(Brasilien), 23.-27.10.2011.
Locher, C.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Anaerobic
treatment of concentrates originating from membrane
filtration of wastewater from a TMP-process and a
Deinking-process. Conference Proceedings of Water &
Industry 2011 IWA Specialist Conference Chemical Industries,
Valladolid.
Mariakakis, I.; Bischoff, P.; Krampe, J.; Meyer, C.;
Steinmetz, H. (2011): Effect of organic loading rate
and solids retention time on microbial population during
bio-hydrogen production by dark fermentation in
large lab-scale. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
36, pp 10690-10700.
Mariakakis, I.; Bischoff, P.; Krampe, J.; Meyer, C.;
Steinmetz, H. (2011): Effect of Organic Loading Rate
and Solids Retention Time on Microbial Population Dynamics
during Bio-Hydrogen Production by Dark Fermentation.
Presentation and proceedings on the IWA
conference „Microbes in Wastewater and Waste Treatment,
Bioremedation and Energy Production“. Goa,
India, 24-26.01.2011.
Maurer, Peter (2011): Optimierungsstrategie für Belebungsbecken
am Beispiel des LFKW der Universität
Stuttgart. Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag GmbH, München,
Band 208, 125 -137, ISBN 978-3-8356-3306-3.
Menzel, U.; Neuffer, D. (2011): Bilateral Projects and a
Master Program in Environmental Engineering in Brasil.
Tagungsband des 5. Deutsch-Brasilianischen Symposiums,
Universität Stuttgart, 18.-22.07.2011.
Meyer, C.; Krauss, M.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Simultaneous
Drinking Water Winning and Treatment by
In-Situ-Bioreactors University of Stuttgart. 5th European
Water & Wastewater Management Conference
– Proceedings (digital: http://www.aquaenviro.co.uk/
view-product/5th-European-Water-and-Wastewater-
Management-Conference-Proceedings-), London, Great
Britain, 25-26.09.2011
Meyer, C.; Preyl, V.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Großtechnische
In-situ-Phosphorrückgewinnung aus
Klärschlämmen. Tagungsband zum 3. Internationalen
Symposium „Re-Water Braunschweig“ Implementierung
und Realisierung, Gesellschaft zur
Förderung des Institutes für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft
an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
e. V. (Hrsg.) Band 81, S. 45-58, ISSN 0934-9731.
Neft, A.; Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Phosphorfraktionen
im Ablauf kommunaler Kläranlagen - Bedeutung
im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der WRRL.
DWA (Hrsg.) Tagungsband zum Expertenforum Kläranlage
- Phosphorelimination, Stuttgart, 25.11.2011,
Abschnitt 3.
Neft, A.; Nobis, R.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Evaluation of an applicable extraction method for the
determination of bioavailable phosphorus. van Bochove
E., Vanrolleghem P.A., Chambers P.A., Thériault G.,
Novotná B. und Burkart M.R. (Hrsg.) Issues and Solutions
to Diffuse Pollution: Selected Papers from the
14th International Conference of the IWA Diffuse Pollution
Specialist Group, DIPCON 2010. Online verfügbar
unter: http://www.dipcon2010.org/DIPCON2010_
Issues_and_Solutions_to_Diffuse_Pollution.pdf.
Neft, A.; Schmidt, S.; Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie im Bearbeitungsgebiet
Neckar: Eine neue Dimension der Phosphorelimination?
DWA (Hrsg.) Tagungsband der DWA
Landesverbandstagung Baden-Württemberg, Fellbach,
20.-21.10.2011, 43-60.
Peña, K.; Bréthaut, Y.; Lampard, A.M.; Liew, A.; Parsand,
R.; Biovin, P. (2011): Economic systems: to en-
18

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
sure the energy neutrality of Wastewater Treatment
Plants. Conference Proceeding, World Engineers Convention,
Geneva, Switzerland, 4.-9.09.2011.
Tews, S.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Biological
Wastewater Treatment of Ultrafiltration- and Nanofiltration
Membrane Concentrates originating from the
Pulp and Paper Industry. Conference Proceedings of
1st Wastewater Reuse Asia, S. 67-75.
Peña, K; ; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Feasibility of using
Bio-hydrogen and biogas as renewable energy sources
in WWTP, through sludge in an AD process, Study
case No1:pre-treatments. Conference Proceeding, 5th
Germany Brazilian Symposium - Sustainable Development,
Stuttgart, 18.-20.07.2011.
Platz, S.; Menzel, U.; Schaub, M.; Amrehn, J. (2011):
Adaption of a German MBT Process to the Boundary
Conditions of Newly Industrialized Countries - Results
of a pilot plant operated in Thailand. Waste-to-Resource
2011, 4. Internationale Tagung - MBA und Sortieranlagen,
Tagungsband, ISBN 978-3-86955-747-2, Cuvellier
Verlag, 05/2011, Seite 328-343.
Tews, S.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Membrane
Filtration of Wastewater Split Flows originating from
Paper Industry and Biological Wastewater Treatment
of the generated Membrane Concentrates. GWF international
11/2011 (152), 70-77.
Yilmazel, Y.D.; Morgenschweis, Ch.; Mutlu, A. G.;
Antakyali, D.; Steinmetz, H.; Demirer, D.N. (2011):
Phosphorous Recovery Potential in Anaerobic Digestion
Residues. Proceedings of the WEF Conference
Nutrient Recovery and Management, Miami, USA, 9 –
12.01.2011.
Platz, S.; Menzel, U.; Steinmetz, H.; Wett, M. (2011):
Abtrennung von Pulveraktivkohle - Gegenüberstellung
geeigneter Verfahren. Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag
GmbH, München, Band 208, 81 - 111, 978-38356-
3306-3.
Platz, S.; Schaub, M.; Menzel, U. (2011): Development
of an efficient and robust MBT process suitable
for newly industrialized countries – First results of a
pilot plant operated in Thailand. Proceedings of the International
Conference on Solid Waste 2011- Moving
Towards Sustainable Resource Management, Hong
Kong SAR, P.R. China, 2. - 6.05.2011.
Steinmetz, H. (2011): Neuartige Sanitärsysteme. Proceedings
of the wat + Wasser Berlin, Fachkongress der
Wasserwirtschaft, CD.
Steinmetz, H. (2011): Neuartige Sanitärsysteme. UmweltMagazin,
April – Mai 2011.
Tews, S.; Fechner, I. (2011): Regenwasserbehandlung
in Abwasseranlagen - Prozesse und Lösungsansätze
/ 85. Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium
in Stuttgart. KA - Korrespondenz Abwasser - Abfall
10/2011 (58), 910 - 913, ISSN 1866-0029.
Tews, S.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2011): Behandlung
von TMP- Abwasserkonzentraten aus der Papierindustrie
mittels anaerob- und aerob-biologischen
sowie oxidativ-chemischen Prozessen. Tagungsband,
Industrietage Wassertechnik, Frankfurt am Main, S.
94-102.
19

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
2010
Dittmer, U.; Gutjahr, N. (2010): Beschreibung des
Transportes von Spurenstoffen anhand indirekter Messungen.
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Band 204, S. 91
– 113, ISBN 978-3-8356-3208-0.
Fechner, I.; Launay, M. (2010): Kanalsanierung - Werterhalt
durch Wissensvorsprung. Bericht zur 1. Stuttgarter
Runde, Wasserwirtschaft, 7-8/2010, S. 62-63.
Guney, K.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Investigating
water reuse potential of bleaching-washing process.
Proceedings of the IWA Regional Conference and
Exhibition on Membrane Technology and Water Reuse,
Istanbul Turkey, 244-250.
Guney, K.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Water
reuse potential of dye-wash process: in Turkey and in
Germany. Proceedings of the IWA Regional Conference
and Exhibition on Membrane Technology and Water
Reuse, Istanbul Turkey, 251-258.
Krauss, M. (2010): In-situ-Verfahren zur Grundwasseraufbereitung
- Arsenelimination. Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft. Von der Ressource bis
zum Lebensmittel höchster Qualität / 23. Trinkwasserkolloquium
am 12.02.2009. Band 196, S. 61-76, ISBN
978-3-8356-3174-8.
Krauss, M.; Meyer, C.; Rott, U.; Steinmetz, H. (2010):
Sustainable In-situ Treatment of Groundwater containing
Arsenic, Iron and/or Manganese. Proceedings of
the IVth World Aqua Congress, New Delhi, India, Vol.
I, 199 – 203.
Locher, Ch.; Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Operational
experiences with a molten carbonate fuel cell
at Stuttgart-Möhringen wastewater treatment plant.
Proceedings of the 1st IWA Austrian Young Water Professionals
Conference, Vienna, IWA-4186, USB Flash
Drive.
Locher, Ch.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Anaerobic
treatment of retentates from membrane treatment
of paper industry wastewater. Conference Proceedings
of the 1st International Conference on Anaerobic Digestion
of Waste and Wastewater, Anaerobic Digestion
Asia 2010, Bangkok, 88-98.
Locher, Ch.; Tews, S.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010):
Biologische Behandlung von Konzentraten aus der
Membranbehandlung prozessnah erfasster Abwasserteilströme
aus der Papierindustrie. Wasser und Abfall
(9), 10-17.
Mariakakis, I.; Krampe, J.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Effect
of pH control and substrate concentration on the
hydrogen yield from fermentative hydrogen production.
Proceedings of the IWA 12th World Congress on
Anaerobic Digestion, Mexico, 11/2010.
Mariakakis, I.; Mouarkech, K.; Krampe, J.; Steinmetz,
H. (2010): Determination of Suitable Substrates Originating
from Wastewater Treatment Processes for
Biological Hydrogen Production by Dark Fermentation
at Various Process Conditions. Proceedings of the IWA
Austrian National Young Water Professionals Conference,
Vienna, IWA-4306.
Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H.; Preyl, V. (2010): Pilotanlage
zur großtechnischen Phosphorrückgewinnung (MAP)
aus Klärschlämmen von Kläranlagen mit simultaner
Phosphat-Elimination mittels Eisensalzen. Tagungsband
der 24. Karlsruher Flockungstage, Schriftenreihe SWW,
Band 139, S. 163-174, ISBN 978-3-9813069-2-7.
Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Anaerobic Pre-Treatment
of Textile Wastewater. Proceedings of the IVth
World Aqua Congress, New Delhi, India, Vol. II, 267
- 273.
Morgenschweis, C.; Yılmazel, D.; Mutlu, G.; Antakyali,
D.; Steinmetz, H.; Demirer, G. (2010): Modelling
of Struvite Precipitation Experiments Conducted in
Synthetic Solutions and Different Anaerobic Digester
Effluents by Using the Geochemical Model PhreeqC.
In proceedings of: International IWA Conference on
Sustainable Solutions for Small Water and Wastewater
Systems, Girona, Spain, 19.-22.04.2010.
Neft, A.; Claus, M.B.; Schmidt, S.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz,
H. (2010): Looking closer on phosphorus fractions
in WWTP effluents: Implications on the optimisation
of phosphorus removal. Proceedings of the 1st
IWA Austrian Young Water Professionals Conference,
Vienna, 09.-11.06.2010, IWA-4306.
Neft, A.; Nobis, R.; Minke, R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010):
Evaluation of an applicable extraction method for the
determination of bioavailable phosphorus. Proceedings
of the 14th International Conference IWA Diffuse Pollution
Specialist Group Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication,
Québec City, 31-34, CD-ROM.
Neuffer, D.; Menzel, U. (2010): Relevance of international
cooperations - Example EDUBRAS /MAUI. Artikel
in der Zeitung Waste News, Ausgabe Nr. 6, Seite 5.
Platz, S.; Menzel, U. (2010): Waste to Power - Klimaschutz
mittels mechanisch-biologischer Abfallbehandlung
in Thailand. Artikel in der Zeitung Umweltschutztechnik,
Ausgabe Nr. 8, Seite 11.
20

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Contact
Steinmetz, H. (2010): Sanitary Systems of the Future
– from Disposal to Recovery. Proceedings of “54. Betontage”,
Neu-Ulm, 09.-11.02.2010.
Steinmetz, H.; Dittmer, U. (2010): Regenwasserbehandlung
gestern, heute – und morgen? Stuttgarter
Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Oldenbourg
Industrieverlag GmbH, München, Band 204, 7- 14,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3208-0.
Steinmetz, H.; Pressinotti, F.; Krampe, J. (2010): Adaption
of the Trickling Filter Process and Dimensioning
to Hot Climates. Proceedings of the IVth World Aqua
Congress, New Delhi, India, Vol. II, 392-404.
Tews, S. (2010): Abwasserbewirtschaftung im Spannungsfeld
politischer, klimatischer und technischer
Entwicklungen, Bericht zum 84. Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliches
Kolloquium. gwf- Wasser/Abwasser Jahrgang
151(3/2010), S. 308-311.
Tews, S. (2010): Abwasserbewirtschaftung im Spannungsfeld
politischer, klimatischer und technischer
Entwicklungen , Bericht zum 84. Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliches
Kolloquium. KA - Korrespondenz Abwasser
- Abfall Jahrgang 57(8/2010), S. 740 - 743.
Zhang, Q.; Krauß, M.; Neft, A.; Kuch, B.; Minke,
R.; Steinmetz, H. (2010): Assessment of River Water
Quality in a Watershed Affected by Large-scale
Rubber Plantations-Pesticides and other organic trace
substances. Proceedings of the 14th International
Conference IWA, Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group
Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication, Québec City,12.-
17.09.2010, 166, CD-Rom.
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63723
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: heidrun.steinmetz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Secretary´s office
Gabriele Glaßmann
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63711
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: gabriele.glassmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dörte Hahn
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: doerte.hahn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Wastewater Technology
Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Meyer, Reg.Baumeister
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685-63754
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685-63729
E-Mail: carsten.meyer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel, Akad. Direktor
Professor coláborador (Universidade Blumenau)
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65417
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: uwe.menzel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Urban Drainage
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer, Akad. Rat
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685-65420
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685-67637
E-Mail: ulrich.dittmer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Water Quality Management and Water Supply
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, Akad. Oberrat
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65423
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: ralf.minke@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
21

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Wastewater Technology
Fields of research and practice:
• Nutrient recycling and wastewater
reuse
• Optimisation of phosphorus removal
• Removal of persistent organic micropollutants
• Biological hydrogen production
• Nanotechnology for wastewater
treatment
• Fixed-bed processes for biological
wastewater treatment
• Wastewater disinfection
• Use of fuel cell technology in wastewater
treatment plants
• Process and plant optimisation
• Membrane processes for wastewater
treatment
• Treatment of process water from
sludge treatment
• Decentralised wastewater treatment
• Concepts for material flow-oriented
and resource-economical urban water
management
• Practical testing of small wastewater
treatment systems according to EN
12566-3, certified by the German
Institute for Building Technology
(DIBt)
• Clean water oxygen transfer tests
The department „Wastewater Technology” teaches, researches and advises on the various areas of
municipal wastewater treatment
Our main activities are the academic training of students in sanitary and environmental engineering, the research
on current issues in wastewater technology, the training of personnel for treatment plants/sewerage networks
and the provision of independent advice to WWTP operators and engineers in all aspects of WWTP operation and
planning. The aim of our training, research and consultancy work is to achieve sustainable water resources protection
with respect to economic considerations.
Our department contributed to significant developments in the field of wastewater treatment in Germany. For example,
in 1982, the first experiments on the separation of activated sludge by membranes took place at ISWA. In
current research projects, we are dealing with innovative wastewater treatment processes, such as the targeted
use of membrane technology for the retention of pathogens and organic trace substances, and the application
potential of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment.
Besides improvement of the treatment efficiency of sewage treatment plants, we develop and test strategies for
the future use of energy and valuable material from wastewater and sewage sludge. Approaches to the closure
of energy and material flow cycles are both the subject of basic research and applied research. Current research
topics include the production of secondary fuels such as hydrogen from wastewater and the recovery of valuable
materials such as the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage sludge and wastewater.
But we also deal with problems related to the daily wastewater practice, such as the effects of extraneous water
on the sewage treatment plant or the optimisation of phosphorus removal. We offer concepts and solutions.
22

Wastewater Technology AWT
In addition, our department runs a certified test field for the testing of small wastewater treatment systems
according to EN 12566-3.
We also carry out basic and advanced training for domestic and foreign wastewater professionals. The potential of
the continuously improving technical level of foreign treatment plants can only be optimally utilised by qualified
personnel. Also, this training is of great importance for the development of new markets for German companies.
23

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
AQUA-Study Award
Dipl.-Ing. Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan, M.Sc., from
Bulgaria graduated from the master program
Water Resources Engineering and Management
(WAREM) and is now a researcher at the Chair of
Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling. She
has been awarded with the AQUA-Study Award
2011 from the Foundation AQUA of the Faculty of
Civil- and Environmental Engineering of the University
of Stuttgart.
The AQUA Foundation annually awards a prize to a student
of the water-related subjects at the Faculty of Civil-
and Environmental Engineering at the University of
Stuttgart. The award recognizes outstanding academic
achievement, meaning excellent diploma, master and
doctoral theses, as well as student commitment. The
AQUA-Study Award 2011 was awarded to Ms. Asya
Drenkova-Tuhtan in recognition of her outstanding
academic achievements and her master thesis „Application
of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Wastewater
Treatment“. At a high scientific level and with great
commitment, she has made an innovative contribution
to the municipal wastewater treatment.
With the aim to investigate the applications of zerovalent
nano-iron as a sorbent and a reducing agent
in the municipal wastewater treatment, laboratory
tests have been conducted to determine to what extent
poorly biodegradable pollutants in wastewater can
be converted or eliminated by nZVI (nanoscale zerovalent
iron). For the examined pollutants the conventional
wastewater treatment shows no or nearly no
effect. Furthermore, the suitability of the iron nanoparticles
as an alternative to eliminate phosphate was
investigated. The kinetics and other parameters were
determined until optimal conditions and a phosphate
elimination of> 95% were achieved. Three different
commercial nZVI products were analyzed and compared.
In addition, the potential of nZVI for the elimination
of 9 frequent micropollutants in the domestic
wastewater at different pH values was investigated as
well as, the efficiency of nZVI to bind some selected
heavy metals. The achieved elimination rate was very
high (> 90%), particularly for heavy metals and some
organic micropollutants. Furthermore, the separation
of the nanoparticles by means of sedimentation,
filtration, and magnetic separation was investigated.
The AQUA - Study Award 2010 was awarded to
Karen Mouarkech, from Lebanon and a graduate
of the master program Air Quality Control, Solid
Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering
(WASTE), in recognition of her outstanding academic
achievements and her master thesis „Determination
of suitable substrates originating
from wastewater treatment processes for biological
hydrogen production by dark fermentation
at various process conditions.“
With a high degree of initiative and systematic work,
she has mastered the complex issue that requires both
a broad basic knowledge and a deeper understanding
of anaerobic treatment processes.
Abstract of the Master Thesis:
Hydrogen fuel is an environmentally friendly gas. The
production of hydrogen from substances derived from
wastewater treatment is therefore a sustainable process.
Therefore, various substrates (primary sludge,
secondary sludge, wastewater from the sugar production,
wastewater from the beer production) were
examined with regard to the possible production of
hydrogen. Experiments with primary and secondary
sludge were done in a 4-liter experimental reactor at a
temperature of 35°C, at different pH values, and different
„Food to Microorganism Ratios“ (F: M). This way
methane was produced. The sludge was pretreated by
heating and acidification which inhibited the methanogenesis
and a minimal amount of hydrogen could
be produced. In general, it was found that an acidic
medium is required for the highest hydrogen production.
With wastewater from the sugar production the
highest hydrogen production was achieved. Further investigations
will be carried out.
In 2010 and 2011, two students were awarded.
24

Wastewater Technology AWT
Research
Development of the Material Flow Management
model in order to achieve sustainable
Material Flow Management (MFM) was established
as a policy tool after the UN conference in Rio
de Janeiro. Soon afterwards the MFM methodology
was defined by the German parliament as “targeted,
responsible, integrated and efficient influence on
material systems whereas the target accrued from
environmental and economical fields under consideration
of social aspects” (Enquete Kommission,
1994). MFM combines holistic and systemic thinking
while aiming on optimizing material and energy streams
in a defined system in order to achieve Circular Economy.
This research project has an aim to develop a MFM
model in order to achieve sustainable wastewater
treatment for Serbia. For the purpose of the
research project two cities, namely the city of
Krusevac and the city of Cacak, have been chosen
as show cases for the MFM model development.
The three-year research project is intended to serve
as a base for further scientific research and better
assimilation of the MFM and its tool Material Flow
Analysis in the water management sector by providing
the practical guidelines how to implement Integrated
Water Resource Management on the regional level.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Biol. J. Ćosić, M.Sc., M.Eng.
Duration:
04/2011 - 03/2014
Wastewater is carrier of significant amount of material
(e.g. nutrients) and energy (e.g. heat) flows which
can be re-used and in that way may reduce ecological
backpacks of different production processes. The
MFM model will take into consideration possibilities of
wastewater re-use as well as nutrients and energy
recovery and their subsequent re-use in industry/
agriculture. In order to estimate additional potentials
of generating regional added value (such as energy),
biodegradable municipal solid waste flows will be
considered as an additional flow. Consequently,
technologies for the energy recovery (e.g. biogas
technology) will be taken into consideration for the
model development.
Moreover, the model will suggest the selection of the
sustainable, energy efficient wastewater treatment
technologies applicable for the two selected cities and
the entire country. For the model development, rural
and urban settlements will be considered, and the
best suitable centralized and decentralized solutions
are going to be analyzed and selected.
The outcomes of the research project are meant to
assist researchers, decision makers and managers
in infrastructural wastewater projects through the
implementation of the MFM concept. The model is
intended to serve as a ‚‘best practice‘‘ approach for
a sustainable wastewater management of the city of
Krusevac and the city of Cacak. Additionally the model
should be replicable in the entire country and further
on to a transition and developing countries facing
similar problems in wastewater management like
Serbia.
25

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Development of functionalized micro-particles
for the recovery of valuable substances from
waste water streams (BioSuPaWert)
Current trends show that the resources for some
industrially important raw materials are depleting
rapidly. Hence, the recovery and recycling of these
valuable materials is essential and will gain even
greater importance in the future. Therefore, in the
present it is necessary to establish the fundamentals
of a method for the efficient recovery of valuable substances,
which can later on be of significant use to
compensate for the global depletion of resources and
meet the future demand. In that sense a higher priority
will have methods which are able to recover a variety
of different valuable substances by undergoing only
slight modifications. The method to be developed in this
project involves recovery of dissolved substances from
liquid systems with the help of magnetic separation.
The recovery of phosphate as a lead compound, irreplaceable
nutrient and scarce, finite resource will be
performed as a particular example within this project.
Financing Institution:
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung gGmbH
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. J. W. Metzger
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer, Dr. rer. nat. B. Kuch
Dipl.-Ing. A. Drenkova-Tuhtan, M.Sc.
Project partner:
Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung (ISC), Außenstelle
Bronnbach
Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Technologiemanagement
(IAT), Universität Stuttgart;
Duration:
01/2011 - 03/2013
The goal is to establish a basis for an environmentally
friendly method, which will be applicable for the
recovery of phosphate from liquid media, even at low
concentrations, and will allow its further reuse.
Well suited for that purpose are custom-designed
modified small particles with functionalized properties
which bind phosphate and can be separated from the
dispersion under a magnetic field. After separation of the
phosphate-loaded particles, the phosphate fraction
will be extracted in the form of a concentrated solution
which can be further reused as a valuable material.
Due to the stability of the functionalized particles they
can be recovered and reintroduced into the process.
Another task in this project is to define other potential
target substances which can be recovered in a similar
fashion. For that purpose the functionalization of the
particles has to be adapted accordingly. The final goal
is to develop a method, which will become a basis for
the recovery of valuable substances with a relatively
broad spectrum of application.
26

Wastewater Technology AWT
Combined energy and nutrients recovery from
black water and urine and ist potential integration
in Lebanon
Feasibility of using bio-hydrogen and biogas
as renewable energy source in WWTP, through
sludge in an anaerobic digestion process
Sustainability offers challenges for developing different
concepts for treating wastewater. Unlike the
conventional wastewater systems which focus on the
end of pipe technology, innovative ecological sanitation
aims at resources recovery. These sanitation concepts
aim at the separation of household wastewaters into
separate flows with different loads. These are mainly
divided into black water originating from toilets and
grey water resulting from other water uses. Designing
the proper concept has to consider different aspects;
environmental, technical, social and economical.
In Lebanon, water quality is getting deteriorated due
to the presence of old sewers with a 60% national
coverage and due to the presence of septic tanks,
mostly without a bottom sealing and contributing to
groundwater pollution. The challenge of introducing
innovative ideas within rural and developing areas
offers potentials in resources recovery and reduces the
depletion of natural resources in Lebanon.
Limited research has been investigated in the recovery
of resources (nutrients and energy) from black water.
This research concept has several objectives. The first
objective is the recovery of renewable energy (biogas)
from high concentrated black water originating from
toilets. The second objective is the combined recovery
of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), a fertilizer
substance, from digested black water and urinals. The
final aim is the assessment of the concept integration
and the end products applicability in Lebanon.
Financing Institution:
International Postgraduate Studies in Water Technologies
(IPSWaT-BMBF)
Stipendium und Eigenmittel
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
M.Sc. Karen Mouarkech
Duration:
10/2010 - 10/2013
A Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is an essential
public service, but, at the same time, it consumes a
large amount of energy. However, there is excellent
conservation potential through the use of biogas in-situ.
To increase the conservation potential, the use of pretreatment
provides a brand new focus to anaerobic digestion
(AD) and its by-product (sludge).
The aim of the three-year research is to study the
feasibility of using biowaste to produce renewable
energy (bio-H 2
), thru a two-stage anaerobic digestion
(AD) process. The results of this study will be used
to justify the energy neutrality of anaerobic digesters
when applying the Best Available Technology (BAT) for
the use of these renewable energy sources at a WWTP
in developing countries. This project has the potential
to apply as a Clean Developing Mechanism (CDM) or
as Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMAS)
project. Therefore 3 study cases have been selected.
The aim of this study case no. 1 is to select the most
suitable pre-treatment for increasing the amount of
H 2
in a two-stage AD. Several pre-treatments have
been identified such as temperature shock or chemical
addition. If the pre-treatment increases hydrogen
production at least 20%, we could ensure the energy
neutrality of WWTP by implementing processes that
consume a limited amount of energy (electricity) from
the grid and maximise the in-situ energy production,
particularly from biomass. Nevertheless, there are
several challenges to overcome, such as understanding
the metabolic pathway from the time of pre-treatment
to the production of hydrogen, the cost and mass
production of certain pre-treatments, and how to
integrate open energy systems and major energyenvironmental
requirements, if H 2
production can be
stabilized, in order to adapt to the diverse and intermittent
renewable energy sources. Of interest, each
cubic meter of biogas produced without pre-treatment
contains the equivalent of 7-9 kWh of calorific energy,
if the composition of CH 4
lies between 60-80% of the
total biogas composition. With pre-treatment, studies
indicate the production of calorific energy will increase
approximately two-fold because hydrogen has the
highest energy content per unit weight of any known
fuel (120.21 MJk/g), while CH 4
is only 50.2 MJ/kg. This
is of particular interest because there are additional
socio-economic benefits to using H 2
as a source of
energy such as the reduction of green-house gas
emissions and the creation of a viable alternative
energy source.
27

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Financing Institution:
Internationales Klimaschutz-Stipendium der
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung und Eigenmittel
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Kristy Peña Muñoz, M.Sc.
Duration:
10/2010 - 10/2011
Large-scale Application of Phosphorus (Struvite)
Recovery from Digested Municipal Sludge
Phosphorus is almost exclusively recovered by exploitating
geological deposits, leading to a reduction of
mineral rocks and thus is contradictory to the understanding
of sustainability. Therefore, alternatives to
the production of phosphorus from phosphate ore
have been investigated since some years. Considering
the organic municipal wastes in Germany, it is obvious
that the highest potential for recovery is in sewage
sludge.
The direct application of sewage sludge on agriculture
is debatable, as the sludge is a sink for the organic and
inorganic pollutants contained in the wastewater. The
federal land Baden-Württemberg follows up the spreading
of sewage sludge for agricultural application due
to reasons of prevention and sustainable protection of
soil and groundwater. In addition, research has shown
that the phosphorus contained in the sludge is partially
hardly available for plants, which results in debatable
effeciency of fertilizer.
At the Institute of sanitary engineering, water quality
and solid waste management of the University of
Stuttgart in cooperation with the IB iat-engineering
consultancy, Stuttgart, the so-called „Stuttgart Process“
has been developed for phosphorus recovery
from anaerobically stabilised sludge as magnesium
ammonium phosphate (MAP, Struvite). The process is
distinguished by the fact that municipal sewage sludge
from wastewater treatment plants with simultaneous
phosphate elimination with iron salts could be used
without any changes in the process of wastewater
purification (e.g. bio-P mode). The resulting product
MAP can be applied, for example, directly as fertilizer
in agriculture.
The procedure has been developed in the years 2003
and 2004 and tested in laboratory scale. Based on these
experiments, a semi-technical pilot plant (reactor
volume approx. 1 m³) has been operated after the
„Stuttgart Process“ for phosphorus recovery. It has
been shown that the process can run in half technical
scale with stable characteristics.
The interest in the large-scale implementation of technologies
for phosphorus recovery has increased in
particular due to shortage of natural easily available
phosphorous deposits and with the increasing phosphorus
prices.
For the technical implementation of the „Stuttgart
Process“ one of the wastewater treatment plants of
the association of treatment plants of the region Offenburg
has been selected as the location of the pilot
plant. The expansion capacity of the wastewater treatment
plant is about 200,000 P.E., with about 160,000
connected P.E. The pilot plant is dimensioned by the
plant designer in a way to treat a partial flow of sewage
28

Wastewater Technology AWT
sludge with an approximate equivelant of 5,000-
10,000 P.E. Iron salts are used as precipitants agents
for the elimination of phosphorous in the wastewater
treatment plant.
The pilot plant is installed in a building which was
formerly used for drying sewage sludge. The operation
of the pilot plant is in batch system. A charge is about
10 m³ digested sludge as the starting basis for the
further steps. The pilot plant consists of two batch
tanks, a sedimentation tank and a chamber filter press
as well as holding tanks and dosing equipment for the
operational resources. In the batch tank 1 dissolution
of sewage sludge is carried out. After the dissolution
step, solid / liquid separation takes place. The dissolved
digesting sludge is mixed with a stock solution of
polymer and process water in the feeding line leading
to the chamber filter press. The digested slurry filtrate
from the chamber filter press is transfered to the batch
tank 2. The complexation, the neutralisation and the
MAP precipitation of digested slurry filtrate will be
carried out in batch tank 2. After the MAP precipitation,
the sewage sludge filtrate with the precipitates are
transfered to the sedimentation tank. In the settling
or crystallization tank close to the surface, the filtrate
supernatant will be drained out and pumped from the
bottom with an upflow current. Finally, a sedimentation
step, in which a part of the disposed precipitates is
retrieved and dried in a further step in the process.
On the 18th of November 2011, the official commissioning
of the MAP pilot plant was launched by the
Minister of Environment, Franz Untersteller.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
Dipl.-Ing. V. Preyl
Projekt partner:
Abwasserzweckverband Raum Offenburg;
iat - Ingenieurberatung für Abwassertechnik GmbH,
Stuttgart
Duration:
01/2010 - 05/2012
Schematic of the „Stuttgart Process“ for phosphorus recovery
29

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Optimisation of inlet structures in final
sedimentation tanks through scumboards with
variable height
In conventional final sedimentation tanks (FST), water
and sludge mixture is fed in a constant height. The
selection of the inlet height is very important, since
high structures cause a stringer density flow and thus a
hydraulic overloading of the tank, where low structures
lead to a stir in the bottom sludge. Ideal case would
be feeding the sludge directly into the water/sludge
separation line, yet the line can move depending on
the hydraulic state. This movement can be covered
only by a construction with variable height. With this
idea on mind, the project aims at investigations by
means of a scumboard with variable height.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
Dr.-Ing. J. Gasse, D. Antakyalı, M.Sc.
Project partner:
Abwasserzweckverband Ermstal, Metzingen;
iat - Ingenieurberatung für Abwassertechnik GmbH,
Stuttgart;
Fa. Gröpler GmbH, Metzingen;
hydrograv GmbH, Dresden
Duration:
12/2009 - 04/2012
WWTP Metzingen was selected as pilot plant for this
project. There are two identical FST in the plant, and
one of them was equipped with a variable scumboard.
The other one remained without any change, to
enable a comparison. Hydraulic load for both tanks
was equal.
Within the past investigation period, a measurement
program mainly consisting of sludge index and sludge
level in the FSTs, as well as total suspended solids in the
effluent was conducted. Sludge level measurements
presented a clear difference between two tanks, the
one having the variable scumboard (FST 2) indicating
lower sludge levels. Also the sight depth indicated a
clear improvement in the FST 2. Suspended solids
measurements did not produce meaningful results.
This can be explained by very low suspended solid
levels in the effluent, in fact close to the detection
limit.
Scumboard with variable height, installed in final sedimentation
tank
A further way to determine the impact of the scumboard
was the comparison of tanks in case of an
overload. Through the past operational values, the
absolute maximum hydraulic load for the tanks was
known. During an overloading by 20% regarding the
absolute maximum, the variable scumboard prevented
the sludge outflow into the effluent for 90 minutes.
Hence the experiment produced very clear and visible
evidence on the positive impact of the variable scumboard.
More comparable experiments are planned to
strengthen the results.
30

Wastewater Technology AWT
A 2-stage concept for fermentative hydrogen and
biogas production by means of an innovative gas
treatment
Worldwide, the energy demand is still predominantly
supplied from fossil fuels. Increasing energy consumption,
limited natural resources and global warming as a
result of the excessive CO2 emission connected with the
burning of fossil fuels require the development of alternative
methods for energy production. Fuel cells that
use hydrogen as fuel present a promising alternative
for energy production. However, current methods for
hydrogen production are still quite energy-consuming.
For this reason, biological production of hydrogen is
investigated as a possible alternative.
Anaerobic sludge digestion presents an efficient and
cost-effective process for the production of hydrogen,
as the largest part of the equipment required is already
available in wastewater treatment plants and as the
energy needed for the process is constantly delivered
in the form of carbon compounds in the inflow of the
treatment plant. During anaerobic sludge digestion,
hydrogen is produced as an intermediate product,
which is subsequently converted to methane in the
methanogenic phase. By choosing suitable boundary
conditions (such as ph value, partial pressure of
hydrogen, nutrient supply, retention time in the reactor,
organic loading rate, inhibition of methanogenic
bacteria) it seems to be possible to increase the
hydrogen content in the produced biogas considerably.
By enrichment with the help of gas separation by
means of innovative ion exchangers, hydrogen might
be separated and used for an almost emission-free
energy production with fuel cells. In lab-scale tests,
the optimum conditions for hydrogen production
will be determined. Major aim is the maximisation
of gas yield and hydrogen content. Several different
types of sewage sludge and industrial wastewater
shall be tested for their suitability as regards
hydrogen production. The possibility of co-fermentation
of biological waste will be investigated as well.
Subsequently, long-term experiments will be carried
out, using the promising parameter values determined
before in order to assess the stability of the process.
Special attention is paid to the stabilisation of sludge in
order to facilitate subsequent disposal. For this reason,
a two-stage digestion process will be tested, which
should yield stabilised sewage sludge as end product
as well as a considerably higher amounts of energy in
the form of hydrogen and methane. The possibility of
biopolymer production in form of PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates)
by the utilization of the end products of
the incomplete substrate fermentation during biohydrogen
production should also be investigated.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
I. Mariakakis, M.Sc.
Project partner:
Institut für Feuerungs- und Kraftwerkstechnik
(IFK), Universität Stuttgart;
EnBW AG;
Purolite Deutschland GmbH;
RBS wave GmbH
Duration:
03/2009 - 02/2012
Schematic of the test
facility for fermentative
hydrogen and biogas
production
31

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Completed Research Projects
Phosphorus fractions in municipal wastewater
treatment plants in the Neckar catchment
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive
(Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework
for Community action in the field of water policy)
requires a reduction of nutrient emissions into surface
waters. Despite the large nutrient removal efforts of
the past, point sources still contribute significantly to
the total nutrient emissions into surface waters.
For reaching the good ecological state in river Neckar,
ambitious target values for total phosphorus (TP)
in the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment
plants (WWTPs) were introduced. These ambitious
target values for TP require a detailed consideration of
phosphorus fractions in the effluent, as the fractions
significantly differ in terms of ecological and technical
relevance.
The following mass balance was introduced:
TP = o-PO 4
-P + DUP + PP
o-PO 4
-P
orthophosphate phosphorus
DUP
dissolved unreactive phosphorus
PP
particulate phosphorus
So far, hardly any reliable data on the nominal concentration
of DUP and PP in effluents of wastewater
treatment plants were available. Within the project,
data on effluent concentrations of DUP and PP were
collected systematically and consistent for the first
time (see figure).
Only the concentrations of PP and DUP are displayed
since the sum of PP and DUP provides insight into the
amount of phosphorus which can not be further removal
by the operator without extension of the treatment
plant (in contrast to o-PO 4
-P).
From the data displayed, it becomes evident that the
composition of phosphorus fractions in wastewater
treatment plant effluents varies significantly. For a
relevant number of wastewater treatment plants in
the Neckar catchment, for which the ambitious target
values for TP were introduced, it will be impossible
to meet these target values without extension of the
plants.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft
Duration:
01/2011 - 06/2011
PP/DUP concentrations in the effluent of 20 municipal wastewater treatment plants
32

Wastewater Technology AWT
Investigations on extended phosphorus removal
for the WWTPs Ditzingen, Plieningen and
Möhringen
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive
(Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework
for Community action in the field of water policy)
requires a reduction of nutrient emissions into surface
waters. Despite the large nutrient removal efforts of
the past, point sources still contribute significantly to
the total nutrient emissions into surface waters.
For reaching the good ecological state in river Neckar,
ambitious target values for total phosphorus (TP) in
the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants
(WWTPs) were introduced. From latest 2013 on, the
wastewater treatment plants of SES have to achieve in
annual mean phosphorus effluent concentrations of maximal
0.5 mg TP/L (WWTPs Ditzingen and Möhringen)
and 0.3 mg TP/L (WWTP Plieningen), respectively.
Based on the results of field measurements, an expert
opinion was requested on
The probability of compliance with any limit value for
TP can be quantified transparently with these indices.
The success of optimisation measures for phosphorus
removal can be quickly evaluated by comparing the results
for CI t
(TP LV
) for different optimisation measures.
Since the probabilistic approach uses basically available
data only, hardly any additional measurements are
needed. Based on the field measurements, the maximal
efficiency of the WWTPs was quantified as the
following:
Wastewater
GKW KW KW
treatment
Ditzingen Möhringen Plieningen
plant
TP concentration
in random
0,6 0,7 0,3
samples
[mg P/L]
TP concentration
in annual
0,45 0,5 0,2
mean
[mg P/L]
• how the WWTPs can comply with the TP target
values
• which maximal TP concentration can be declared
for random samples, as this is the relevant
concentration for the effluent discharge fee
Generally, it is hardly possible for WWTPs to guarantee
TP effluent concentrations lower than a limit value
at any moment of time. Consequently, a probabilistic
approach was developed within this project.
The scientific basis for this approach is given
by the mutual independence of o-PO 4
-P and ΔP
(= TP - o-PO4-P). This independence given, online
o-PO 4
-P data can be concatenated with a ΔP probability
function for any temporal resolution
desired. For each online o-PO 4
-P measurement or
aggregation of online measurements, respectively,
the probability of compliance with TP limit
values can be calculated using this approach.
Table: Maximal efficiency for SES WWTPs without
extension
Financing Institution:
Eigenbetrieb Stadtentwässerung Stuttgart (SES)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft
Dipl.-Ing. S. Schmidt
Duration:
01/2010 - 06/2011
Two indices were defined to assess the probability of
compliance:
Probability Index PI t
(TP LV
):
Target probability of compliance with a limit value (LV)
for any temporal resolution
Compliance Index CI t
(TP LV
):
CI t(TPLV
∑o - PO
) =
4 - P measurements with adequate probability of compliance
∑o - PO 4 - P measurements in temporal resolution t
33

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Potential for abatement of phosphorus emission
from municipal wastewater treatment plants
into the surface waters of Neckar catchment
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive
(Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework
for Community action in the field of water policy)
requires a reduction of nutrient emissions into surface
waters. Despite the large nutrient removal efforts of
the past, point sources still contribute significantly to
the total nutrient emissions into surface waters.
For reaching the good ecological state in river Neckar,
regulatory target annual average values for o-PO 4
-P
concentrations were set; 0.1 mg o-PO 4
-P/L for the
lock-regulated part of the river Neckar and 0.2 mg
o-PO 4
-P/L for all its tributaries.
These annual average values require further phosphorus
removal in wastewater treatment plants in the
catchment. Basic questions in the project were:
• To which extent can municipal wastewater treatment
plants in the Neckar catchment contribute to
reaching the good ecological status?
• What are the costs for further reducing o-PO 4
-P
emissions?
• Which wastewater treatment plants can achieve
o-PO 4
-P reduction for the least costs?
Cost types included in cost calculation were expenditures
for investment, staff, energy, chemicals and
sludge disposal.
The cost data support that abatement measures
for large wastewater treatment plants are to be implemented
primarily since specific costs are the
lowest. Accounting for the relevant phosphorus loads
in effluents of small and medium size wastewater
treatment plants, it is conjecturable that these wastewater
treatment plants will also have a share in
emission abatement.
In total, wastewater treatment plants in the Neckar
catchment could further reduce their emissions by
460 t o-PO 4
-P/yr. The Ministry of the Environment,
Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-Württemberg
has implemented the results of the project by
introducing effluent phosphorus target values for wastewater
treatment plants larger than 5,000 population
equivalents, leading to a reduction of approximately
200 t o-PO 4
-P/yr.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
Dipl.-Ing. A. Neft
Dipl.-Ing. M. Krauß
Dipl.-Ing. M. Launay
Duration:
11/2008 - 06/2009 ;
in 2010/11 continuously updatet
Mean specific costs for further o-PO 4
-P emission abatement for municipal wastewater treatment plants in the
Neckar catchment; tPE: 10³ population equivalents
34

Wastewater Technology AWT
Development of a mobile treatment plant for the
biological purification of black water in camping
vehicles and boats as well as the development of
an inspection process and analysis of the treatment
plant perfomance
As object of support from the Federal Ministry of
Economics and Technology, within the framework of
the central innovation program financing medium size
projects, a mobile mini-treatment plant for biological
purification of faecal wastewater in recreational
caravans and boats was developed. Through the
development of an innovative biological wastewater
treatment plant of appropriate size it should be possible
to quit the introduction of chemical substances, as it
is usually employed in sanitary facilities of recreational
caravans and boats. In addition, the unpleasant task
of emptying a sewage holding tank could be avoided.
The faeces wastewater should be treated through the
biological mini-treatment plant to a level that the plant
effluent could be, with or without a buffer storage
(eg. grey water tank), directly and safely discharged
into the sewer system or for example, into a stream.
The following are the main goals of the project work at
the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
and Waste Management at the University of Stuttgart
as summarized below:
• Overview of quality requirements and regulatory
environmental conditions for the purification of
domestic wastewater and the deduction of requirements
for direct discharge of treated black water
• Analysis of black water (material composition) in
order to derive requirements for a biological treatment
• Determining the treatment efficiency of the wastewater
pre-treatment plant (Aqualizer) based on
inflow and outflow analysis
• Development of the downstream Aqualizer biological
treatment stage for further treatment of
black water
• Investigation of the operational performance and
of the treatment efficiency of the mini-treatment
plant at different loads conditions.
With the Aqualizer as a mobile stand-alone treatment,
effluent concentrations could not meet the
legal requirements for municipal wastewater treatment
plants or small wastewater treatment plants. Based
on the carried out experiments, it is recommended,
when employing a mini-treatment plant in caravans
or boats, to include a submerged membrane
within the biological treatment process since it
provides both structural advantages, as well as a
better treatment efficiency for the removal of carbon
and ammonium. With further optimization of the
mini-treatment plant with a membrane-activated stage,
the requirements for wastewater treatment plants of
size class 1 or of small wastewater treatment plants
(COD: 150 mg/L; AbwV; DIBt) could be largely
achieved.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. RBM C. Meyer
K. Mouarkech, M.Sc.
Project partner:
HRZ Reisemobile GmbH
Duration:
08/2008 - 02/2011
Experimental setup
35

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Development of a treatment process for nanofiltration
and reverse osmosis concentrates from
industrial waste waters
The papermaking industry is one of the biggest water
consumers in Germany and also in the world.
Through recirculation, reuse and saving methods
the consumption could be drastically reduced up to
10,4 l/kg produced paper (2007) in the last few
decades. However, there remains a great potential
in the closure of internal process water cycles and
the associated possibility of saving fresh water. The
elimination of suspended solids is already realized by
the flotation process, filtration and sedimentation.
Dissolved substances, which disturb the process of
paper making, can not be eliminated through this
procedure. Here the use of membrane technology
can find application. This failed mainly because of
the expensive disposal of the nanofiltration- and
reverse osmosis concentrates. In this research project
a treatment concept for the retentates was developed.
The study examined various wastewater treatment
processes in different sequences. In addition to aerobic
and anaerobic treatment, oxidation methods like
Ozonation and Fenton Process (Hydrogen peroxide
& iron as a catalyst) were applied. The advantages
of anaerobic treatment are little sludge production,
no use of energy for aeration and the production of
biogas which can be used for energy recovery, is one
of the main processes. The aerobic purification process
is required to reach the desired outflow values for
the cleaned wastewater. Oxidative cleaning processes
can eliminate resistant compounds on one hand. On
the other hand the BOD 5
/COD-ratio can be increased
through Ozonation or Fenton process.
The main goal of the research project was to develop
a suitable adaption of each process and to find out
an appropriate order of each process to clean the
retentates.
Financing Institution:
Willy-Hager Stiftung
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, AOR
Dipl.-Ing. C. Locher
Dipl.-Ing. S. Tews
Duration:
07/2008 - 09/2011
Strategies for the subsequent processing of retentates from industrial wastewater treatment (paper industry)
36

Wastewater Technology AWT
Independant Studies
Investigations on nutrient recovery from
anaerobic digestion residues with different
compositions
The aim of the project was to investigate the
practicability of struvite precipitation to recover
nutrients from digestion residues. The investigation
mainly consisted of laboratory scale experiments
and comparative using computer applications. The
duration of the project was 24 months. The work was
conducted by two institutions. Middle East Technical
University operated laboratory scale batch anaerobic
reactors for the digestion of poultry manure and wastewater
treatment plant sludge mixtures in different
ratios, and conducted struvite precipitation experiments
in both solid and fluid phases of digestion
residues. The University of Stuttgart conducted struvite
precipitation experiments in synthesised digestion
liquor in order to understand the system and determine
the mechanisms. The resulting products were
examined using microscope and X-ray diffraction
techniques. Additionally, the concentrations of N, P, Mg
and other significant metals were determined so that
a mass balance could be prepared. Meanwhile, the
results were transferred onto a chemical model
together with the chemical data from the analyses of
the partner institution to estimate the potential reactions
in the investigated complex type of process
waters. The modeling phase was followed by a short
verification phase applying struvite formation on
real digestion residues. The resulting products were
also examined as mentioned above. Results allowed
the determination of critical concentrations of
metals which influence the struvite formation. The cooperation
supported besides research engineers also
3 students for scientific research during the project.
A close collaboration could be achieved by visits from
both institutions, enabling an ambilateral exchange of
experience.
Optimization of the Anascreen process
Michael Stapf (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Coupling free flow and flow in porous media -
Adimensional analysis
Vinay Kumar (WAREM) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. R. Helmig, Prof. Steinmetz
Biological hydrogen production; dominant bacterial
population for various process conditions
Ana Stavar (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
I. Mariakakis, MSc.
Nitrite peaks in the effluent of municipal WWTP
give cause
Thi Phuong Vu (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. P. Maurer
Challanges and potentials in blackwater treatment:
An overview.
Anita Ziegler (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Technological Solutions for Coping with Water
Scarcity – Literature Review & Evaluation
Kara McElhinney (2011)
Supervisor: Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Financing Institution:
International Bureau of the Federal Ministry of Education
and Research (BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Demirer, D. Antakyalı, M.Sc.
Project partner:
Ortadogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Türkei
Duration:
02/2008 - 01/2010
37

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Theses (Diploma)
Studies on the anaerobic biodegradability of
membrane concentrates from the thermo-mechanical
pulping in the paper industry
Investigation in the decomposition of chlorine
dioxide and the generation of chlorite in drinking
water
Christiane Ansorge (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dr.-Ing. Xiaohu Dai
Eva Christina Bollmann (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Effect of powdered activated carbon on the microbiological
activity in activated sludge
Anne-Marie Harras (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM, Dipl.-Ing. P. Maurer
The application of microstrainers for the separation
of activated carbon from municipal waste
water
Tanja Jordan (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM, Dipl.-Ing. P. Maurer,
Dr.-Ing. B. Kuch
Optimisation of the procedural processes linked
to phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge.
Volker Preyl (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Nitrogen cycling in the permaculture landscape
at the environmental technology centre at Murdoch
University, Perth
Sven Wildermuth (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Goen Ho Dr. Martin Anda (Murdoch
University, Perth), Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Studies on the design and operation of fluidized
bed process
Xiaoting Zhou (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Further analysis to the EISENMANN FENTOX®method
Investigation of the applicability of external carbon
sources for the increased nitrogen removal
in the WWTP Mühlhausen, Stuttgart, and developing
an assessment methodology for the selection
of suitable products
Jens Iglauer (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) recovery
from blackwater
Klaus Lenz (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Development of a control plan of the subterranean
groundwater treatment as a preliminary
stage for the climatisation of buildings
Katharina Merz (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Commissioning of a pilot scale membrane bioreactor
for treating waste water from factories of
metal surface treatment
Matthias Schlagenhauf (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Investigation of return sludge strategies with
the support of dynamic simulation in a semiindustrial
wastewater treatment plant
Alexander Steiner (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. P. Maurer
Vera Bäuerle (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
38

Wastewater Technology AWT
Redesign of mining and treatment procedures of
process water for the Deutsche Elektronen Synchrotron
Hamburg in Hamburg (DESY) with innovative
and flexible combination of in-situ and
on-site treatment
Sarika Wahi (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Study of chorine demand of strongly acidic resigns
as a basis for the design of chlorine cells für
the disifection of softeners
Roman Woclaw (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Theses (Master)
Application of Nanoparticles in (WASTE)water
Treatment
Asya Drenkova (WAREM) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer RBM
Development of a reactor design for vacuum UV
irradiation ww.
Jorge Mario Toro Santamaria (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Thomas Hirth,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge - ecological,
econmic and technical aspects
Pengfie Wang (MIP) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
39

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Contact
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer, Regierungsbaumeister
Dipl.-Ing. Volker Preyl
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63754
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: carsten.meyer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63702
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: volker.preyl@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
Demet Antakyalı, M.Sc.
Laboratory
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63895
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: demet.antakyali@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Jovana Cosic, M.Sc., M. Eng.
Chief:
Heidi Hüneborg
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63728
E-Mail: heidi.hueneborg@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63949
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: jovana.cosic@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan, M.Sc.
Chemical technical employee
Harald Duvinage
Bärbel Huber
Harald Müller
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63720
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: asya.drenkova@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Meanwhile quittet:
Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Tews
Dr.-Ing. Juliane Gasse
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65410
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: juliane.gasse@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Christian Locher
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65422
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: christian.locher@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Iosif Mariakakis, M.Sc.
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65405
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: iosif.mariakakis@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Karen Mouarkech, M.Sc.
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63740
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: karen.mouarkech@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Kristy Peña Muñoz, M.Sc.
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65439
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: kristy.pena-munoz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
40

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
41

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology
Research topics:
• Process and production integrated
environmental protection
• Treatment and reuse of process
water e.g. in the automobile industry
• Adsorption processes in industrial
water and wastewater technology,
e.g. in the textile industry
• Reduction of lipophilic substances
in the food and cosmetics industries
• Biological and chemo-physical
treatment of industrial wastewater
• Aerobic and anaerobic degradation
tests
• Testing Centre of the German
Institute for Construction Technology
(DIBt)
• International Consulting andexport-oriented
research for
example Middle and South America
• Implementation of international
master courses
It will all come out in the wash
At the department IWT (Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology), we specialize in refining internal plant
processes and aim at integrating environmental protection as well as minimizing the industrial emissions by implementing
a water circulation and plant-internal treatment processes, also in international scale.
We plan environmental moderations for customers in the industrial process as well as integrated solutions in
the manufacturing process. The first step we take in order to make a current assessment of the situation at the
plant is an on-site inventory survey. According to the survey we can then localize water consumption, wastewater
amount and dirt load accruement points. In order to determine the dirt loads accumulated during the manu-facturing
process, partial wastewater flows are sampled and the relevant parameters are then analyzed. After consulting
with the respective company, the tap water quality required for the production process can be specified,
in order to minimize fresh water consumption. This can be done by implementing a water circuit consisting of
treated wastewater. Production related water consumption and wastewater volumes are then determined by
precise recording of the productions figures. This subsequent changes in the production figures allow precise
projections of the associated parameters. Based on the survey and the formulation of goals a customer-specified
procedure for wastewater treatment can then be agreed upon, which normally leads to further in-depth tests,
such as e.g. determination of biodegradability. Due to our systematic procedures and many years of experience
we are able to represent our customers with new sustainable solution and potentials.
42

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
We emphasis mainly in offering our professional advice
to clients from the textile finishing industry and paper
industry, gastronomy- and food-industry, the cosmetic
and pharmaceutical industry, the chemical as well as the
metal and automobile industry. Alongside plant internal
solutions we also create decentral as well as central
solutions by developing extensive purification processes
for the treatment of industrial wastewater at communal
treatment plant. Therefore a series of aerobic and
anaerobic biological degradation tests are carried out in
advance.
Further emphasis of ours is the treatment of leachate
of landfills using biological and chemical-physical processes.
For example we are developing adaptable
modular processes for the aftercare operations of landfills
at reduced leachate levels and toxic concentrations.
Therefore the use of carbon adsorption processes
and membrane processes play an essential role
in our work. Here at the IWT department we also
deal with topics such as water and waste recycling
as well as saving resources. Exemplary is our expert’s
assessment of industrial residues as alternative fuel in
the cement industry as well as the sludge incineration
in cement plants.
for a further two-year extension of the project has
already been lodged. By the end of this period, the
international accreditation and the implementation of
the double degree will have been realised.
Under the direction of the Premier, Winfried Kretschmann,
a delegation visit to Argentina and Brazil from
13 th to 21 th of November 2011 was carried out. Within
the scope of this visit, a networking event was held in
Curitiba on the 16 th of November 2011, in order to
address the topic of sustainability in the industry association
FIEP. At this event the University of Stuttgart rector,
Prof. Wolfram Ressel, and the EDUBRAS project manager,
Prof. Menzel, presented the Master’s Degree Program
to the widely diverse international audience and the
media.
In addition, Prof. Menzel visited the capital city
Brasilia, as a member of the political delegation, where
Mr. Kretschmann presented the bilateral projects and
the ISWA’s Master’s Degree Program to the environmental
minister, Texeira at the Ministery of Environment.
Our department is an official control center of the
“Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)” in Berlin
which is responsible for controlling plants for the
limitation of hydrocarbons in wastewater including
mineral oils.
Our department also offers its courses at different
universities abroad, e.g. to Brazil and cooperates
with Latin American facilities. Which enables such
programs as the cooperation of the Universidade
Federal do Parana (UFPR) and the national environmental
protection industry Servico Nacional de
Aprendizagen Industrial (SENAI/ PR) in Curitiba/
Brazil to create the new Masters program EDUBRAS-
MAUI (communal and industrial environmental
protection) under management of the IWT Department
and under German standards.
The master’s degree “EDUBRAS-MAUI – communal and
industrial environmental protection” was evaluated
by the DAAD in March 2009 and was thereby awarded
the rating “excellent” and was described as being
“a showpiece project of highest distinction”. Due to
the standard of academic excellence and the positive
reception in Brazil, the DAAD has decided to continue
its support for the program after the first funding
phase comes to an end. An application for additional
funds within the framework of the export education
program, in order to publish a series of textbooks in
Brazil has already been approved and an application
43

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Research
MIKROFLOCK - Upgrading municipal sewage
treatment plants with flocculation - filtration
units by the use of activated carbon
By addition of activated carbon, micropollutants can
be reduced to a certain degree from the liquid phase
at sewage plants. Herewith, the inert COD in the
effluent of the sewage plant may be significantly
reduced. Many of the larger sewage plants in
Northrhine-Westfalia are equipped with final filtration
units, which may be used for this purpose: the
construction already exists, the filter inflow shows
no or only less particulate matter and an emission of
loaded activated carbon into the receiving water is
reliably avoided. In this R+D-project different
technological approaches shall be investigated on their
technical, operational and economical realisation in full
scale at existing filter units in Northrhine-Westfalia.
At Buchenhofen STP the dosing of powder activated
carbon (PAK) into the submerge of one filter chamber
and at Düren-Merken STP a change of the existing
filter material against granular activated carbon (GAK)
will be investigated. In addition, the dosage of PAK into
the effluent of the final settling tank with a technical
carbon separation prior to the filtration unit will be
tested in laboratory and/or pilot scale. A technical
scale test of this approach is considered as an option
for an on-going R+D-project. The investigations are
completed by an assessment of different activated
carbons prior to the testing. For constructional details
two consultancies participate in the project. The results
will be summarised in a praxis-orientated report. The
report will also include an assessment for an implementation
of the investigated approaches at other sewage
plants with filtration units in Northrhine-Westfalia.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft,
Natur- und Verbraucherschutz des Landes
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Platz
Project partner:
SAG – Ingenieure, Ulm
Joint research project partners:
Wupperverband (WV)
Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (ISA) der
RWTH Aachen
AVT Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
WVER Wasserverband Eifel-Rur
Emschergenossenschaft Lippe Verband
Tuttahs & Meyer Ingenieurgesellschaft
The official inspection office, responsible for
carrying out practical tests at different plants to
ensure the reduction of hydrocarbon in wastewater
containing mineral oil
As a result of Prof. Menzel being appointed part of the
expert-committees
- Abscheider und Mineralölhaltiges Abwasser -A-(428)
- Mineralölhaltiges Abwasser –B 3-(428c)
- Mineralölhaltiges Abwasser –B 4-(428d)
by the “Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt)” in
Berlin, the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water
Quality and Solid Waste Management at the University
of Stuttgart (IWT department) was then appointed as
the official inspection office. The department is responsible
for carrying out practical tests at different plants
to ensure the reduction of hydrocarbon in wastewater
containing mineral oil.
Financing Institution:
Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), Berlin
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
Input of micropollutants into wastewater by pharmaceutical
products
44

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
Resource and Energy Efficiency Network Santa
Catarina (REEF Santa Catarina)
One of the central tasks of the Environmental Centre
in Santa Catarina, is the transference of know how and
technology in the field of environmental protection with
the goal of promoting the emergence of a market for
environmental technology. The centre was set up as a
result of the long-standing collaboration between the
states of Santa Catarina and Baden-Württemberg and
also through the leading support of both the University
of Stuttgart and National Brazilian Service for Industrial
Training (SENAI). The Environmental Centre Santa
Catarina, alongside its educational programs, in the
future plans to offer environmental consulting for
industries in the region and is therefore very interested in
the establishment of the network REEF Santa Catarina.
Though such a network, the Environmental Centre
hopes to win advantageous contacts to providers
of environmental services and technologies from
Germany, thus intensifying the transfer of new technologies
and know-how. WEHRLE Umwelt is taking the
first step to concretisation of this initiative by following
the successful example of existing environmental networks
in Germany and together with the University
Stuttgart and the Environment Centre Santa Catarina
setting up a network for resources and energy efficiency
in Santa Catarina (REEF Santa Catarina). WEHRLE
Umwelt has commissioned the renowned environmen-
tal consultancy Argum, from Munich, to build up this
environmental network. Over the last ten years Argum
has been successful in implementing operational
environmental networks in over 60 regions in Germany
and this approach has already been successfully
transferred to countries such as China and India. As
a member of the National Industrial Association of
Baden-Württemberg (LVI), WEHRLE Umwelt can make
use of its contacts on the platform of environmental
technology at the LVI and as necessary can further
involve German companies in the transfer of technology
and know-how.
Financing Institution:
DEG - Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
Project partner:
Wehrle Umwelt GmbH, Emmendingen
Arqum GmbH, München
SENAI-SC Umweltzentrum des Industrieverbandes
im Bundesstaat Santa Catarina
Landesverband der baden-württembergischen
Industrie (LVI)
Duration:
ab 09/2010
Industrial Wastewater treatment plant of a textile finishing company Malwee
45

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Development of a mechanical-biological treatment
process based on the BIOPERCOLAT®process
in order to reduce the waste amount and
to create refuse derived fuel
For most of the developing countries and especially for
many newly industrialized countries waste is getting
more and more a serious problem for the environment
and for the society. So far the most common way of
waste disposal is to dump it into landfills. Usually these
landfills are simple dumps without any sealing or
coverings. Hence, leachate water cannot be collected
and be treated with treatment plants as we know
them from Europe or other developed countries. As a
consequence the surrounding environment suffers
severe impacts and damages. In a global scale this
way of waste disposal heavily contributes to the global
warming by emitting the greenhouse gases CO 2
and
Methane.
In Europe the usage of landfills for the disposal of
household waste is prohibited by law since 2005. The
old landfills still need a long and expensive maintenance
up to 50 years. Nowadays waste incineration plants,
composting plants, recycling facilities and mechanicalbiological
waste treatment (MBT) plants are state of
the art. The big advantage of MBT plants is the low
energy consumption for the operation, low emissions
of greenhouse gases and a high energy recovery. Even
the invest costs are relatively low, compared the waste
incineration plants. Also the rate of return is very high,
as MBT plant can produce valuable refuse derived fuel
(RDF) and biogas. The biogas can be used to produce
electrical energy and heat by using combined heat and
power plant (CHP) or modern gas turbines.
As boundary conditions differs from country to country
and especially between developed and developing/
newly industrialized countries the in Germany well
approved MBT technology cannot be used for waste
of other countries one-to-one. One of the biggest
differences in the waste composition is the higher
organic as well as the higher water content. Beside that
the climate and the weather can have a big influence
on the performance.
The University of Stuttgart, in cooperation with the
German company WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH,
Emmendingen is working on the development of a new
MBT technology. This technology is based on a well
approved German technology, which is positively fieldtested
and successfully in use at the site Kahlenberg,
Ringsheim for more then 5 years. The main task of the
development is the adaption of the technology to other
boundary conditions. Hence, the University of Stuttgart
planed and installed a MBT pilot in central Thailand
in the province Petchaburi. During the operation the
suitability is going to be tested. The local Thai company
Cemtech Co. Ltd. and the „King Mongkut‘s Institute
of Technology Ladkrabang” (KMITL) are supporting
the project. The advantages by using the planed MBTtechnology
for the waste disposal are:
• Very low impacts on the local and global environment
(global warming)
• Relatively low investment costs
• High rate of return
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ->Selling of
carbon credits
• Low tipping fees for the population
• Production of CO 2
-neutral and valuable RDF
• Production of CO 2
-neutral biogas
Pilot plant in Thailand
46

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
Extensive treatment processes for water and
wastewater. Post-graduation-specializing
course at the “FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA
SENAI BLUMENAU”, the national environmental
protection center of the industry (SENAI-SC) in
Blumenau/Santa Catarina Brazil.
The national environmental protection center
of the industry (SENAI-SC) in Blumenau/ Santa
Catarina offers a post-graduate-specializing course
“Gerenciamento de Aquas e Efluentes”.
RDF produced in Thailand
Fnancing Institution:
Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Platz
Project partner:
WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH, Emmendingen
As part of these courses Prof. Menzel gives a series of
lectures called “Advanced Treatment Technologies for
Process-Water and Wastewater”.
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel
Project partner:
Nationales Umweltschutzzentrum der Industrie
(SENAI) in Blumenau
Development of a compact and efficient
Wastewater Treatment System for the schoolboat
SAMAÚMA II in the Amazon
Development of a process to produce bioplastic
on municipal wastewater treatment plants
The ambition of this research project is to find an
economic, effective process to pro-duce bioplastic
out of waste water. The state of the art of the bioplastic
production is the basic idea of this project.
Wastewater as raw material for the bioplastic production
has not been an object of research so far and offers
the opportunity to transform the waste water treatment
plant into a bioplastic factory. Today, plastic is
made out of unlasting crude oil. So it is obvious, that
the production of bioplastic includes some benefits
and fits to the main idea of sustainability. Bioplastic,
for example, enables preservation of resources, is
compostable and biodegradable.
Financing Institution:
Willy Hager Stiftung
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
Dipl.-Ing. Timo Pittmann
The aim of this project is to develop a Wastewater
Treatment System for SAMAÚMA II, SENAI’s second
school-boat. The project is based on the Memorandum
of Understanding signed between SENAI and the
University of Stuttgart, particularly its Department
of Industrial Water Technology (IWT), Solid Waste,
(SIA) and Hydrochemistry at the Institute of Sanitary
Engineering, Water Quality and Management Solid
Waste (ISWA), Germany, on December 19, 2008.
In its endeavor to bring vocational education to
every corner of Brazil, SENAI developed in 1980 a
boat-school - the SAMAÚMA - adapted to the local
transport conditions and the demands for technical
and vocational education in the Amazon. The
SAMAÚMA turned 30 in February this year, certifying
throughout that period more than 40 000 students.
SENAI’s boat-school has already arrived in 43
of 62 municipalities in the region, and also reaches
municipalities in the states of Pará, Acre and
Roraima.
However, the technological advances which occurred
in industry in this period and SENAI’s commitment to
environmental sustainability have led the institution
to revise its strategies and educational technologies.
Within this context, and attentive to the particularities
of the Amazon region, SENAI will launch a public bid for
47

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
the construction of its second fluvial mobile unit, named
SAMAÚMA II, which will be an example of sustainable use
of natural resources to be followed by local population.
The boat-school will bring innovative technologies
and practices, both in its physical infrastructure and
educational environments and in its operation. In
order to do this, the systems and equipment of
the boat-school will be selected considering the
requirements of sustainability, efficiency and
applicability to local realities. SAMAÚMA II will be
the first high performance technical and vocational
education unit. Among these systems and equipment,
SAMAÚMA II will have a Wastewater Treatment Station
to manage all waste generated in the boat. An ideal
effluent treatment solution for SAMAÚMA II should
be compact and highly efficient, producing waste
that is not harmful to the environment, and must
be constructed to be used as a teaching resource
for students of the courses SAMAÚMA II will offer.
Thus, this project represents an opportunity for SE-
NAI to lead Brazilian industry to cutting-edge environmentally
friendly technologies and incorporate them
in its technical and vocational education courses. This
project will contribute to the spread of sustainable
technical and vocational education practices, civic
values and environmental responsibility to the Amazon
riverine people.
In this sense, SENAI, whose history of cooperation
in technological areas with German partners is very
successful, envisioned the possibility of developing this
ideal wastewater treatment solution for SAMAÚMA II
in conjunction with the University of Stuttgart, which is
an international partner of SENAI and has recognized
expertise in the area. Its Institute for Sanitary
Engineering, Water Quality and Waste Management
(ISWA) is currently one of the most important
European centers in the area of wastewater treatment,
supply and management of water quality,
solid waste management and development of
biological technologies for cleaning environment.
The IWT-Team in front of the construction
of the ship SAMAUMA II in the Amazon
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel (IWT)
Project partner:
Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
(SENAI-DN), Brasilia
l National Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
(SENAI-AM), Manaus
Encontro das Áquas (Confluence of the Rio Negro and Rio Solimões to the Rio Amazonas)
48

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
International curriculum exchange
Study course offers from German universities
and academies abroad. The initiation of German
environmental Master of Science programs at
Brazilian universities under German supervision
and at German standards –EDUBRAS-MAUI
In the course of an onward industrialisation, environmental
pollution causes central problems in emerging
and developing countries. In Brazil, which is the most
populous country in South America, this is particularly
visible in densely populated areas. Lecturers of the University
of Stuttgart have many years of experience in
building up new environmental study courses such as
the study course “Umweltschutztechnik” and the English
Master of Science programs WAREM and WASTE,
which have been successful for the past 10 years. This
experience ought to be exported to Brazil, initially to
the state of Paraná, as a pre-operating study.
The basics of the planned study program were
established by the environmental inventory of Prof. Dr.
Menzel during the research project “Export orientated
research on the field of water supply and water disposal,
Part 2: Wastewater treatment and water reuse”
funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education
and Research (BMBF)”. This revealed the urgent need
of exporting environmental technologies to Brazil.
At the same time there is a need to educate skilled
specialists, who are able to operate the imported technologies
sustainable.
The Summer-School-courses from 2002 until 2005
with the topics wastewater / industrial wastewater and
waste / industrial waste showed the great interest for
environmental topics but also the need to enlarge the
offer in the form of permanent study courses in Brazil.
Finally the know-how and the qualification of the
appropriate specialised staff are casting for the
sustainability and therefor the success of all environmental
procedures. The program “Course offers from
German Universities in foreign countries“ will offer
study modules, study matters and also an additional
study course shall be developed and offered directly at
an university in Brazil.
The master program “EDUBRAS-MAUI – municipal
and industrial environmental protection” was inducted
at the national university “Universidade Federal do
Paraná - UFPR” in Curitiba in August 2008 together
with the industrial alliance SENAI. The final degree
„Master of Science“ will be acquired after the fourth
and the sixth semester respectively. The “Master of
Science” shall be accepted in Brazil or alternatively in
Germany and Brazil and its accreditation is aimed. The
study program will be financed by tuition fees.
The linking of university lectures and research is implemented
on the one hand by a closely cooperation
with the University of Stuttgart and on the other hand
with the project partners UFPR and SENAI as well as
partners from the industry. The lectures will be held
in German as well as in Portuguese. Accompanying
the lectures, German language courses will be offered
to intensify the contacts to Germany. Lecturers from
Germany will take part in the forming of the course‘s
design and they will be jointly responsible for the
Excursion with students to the: drinking water abstraction of the water reservoir„Piraquara II“ and its treatment
for the megacity Curitiba
49

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
quality control of the course. The structure of the study
program offers a wide variety in the field of environmental
engineering and the positions will be filled out
from Brazilians and Germans.
The cooperation with the project-partner UFPR is
regulated by a cooperation treaty. The master’s
degree “EDUBRAS-MAUI – communal and industrial
environmental protection” was evaluated
by the DAAD in March 2009 and was thereby awarded
the rating “excellent” and was described as being “a
showpiece project of highest distinction”. Due to the
standard of academic excellence and the positive
reception in Brazil, the DAAD has decided to continue
its support for the program after the first funding phase
comes to an end. An application for additional funds
within the framework of the export education program,
in order to publish a series of textbooks in Brazil has
already been approved and an application for a further
two-year extension of the project has already been
lodged. By the end of this period, the international
accreditation and the implementation of the double
degree will have been realised.
Under the direction of the Premier, Winfried Kretschmann,
a delegation visit to Argentina and Brazil from
13 th to 21 th of November 2011 was carried out. Within
the scope of this visit, a networking event was held in
Curitiba on the 16 th of November 2011, in order to
address the topic of sustainability in the industry association
FIEP. At this event the University of Stuttgart
rector, Prof. Wolfram Ressel, and the EDUBRAS project
manager, Prof. Menzel, presented the Master’s Degree
Program to the widely diverse international audience
and the media.
In addition, Prof. Menzel visited the capital city Brasilia,
as a member of the political delegation, where Mr.
Kretschmann presented the bilateral projects and the
ISWA’s Master’s Degree Program to the environmental
minister, Texeira at the Ministery of Environment.
Pro headmaster Segio Scheer (UFPR), university headmaster
Prof. Ressel ans EDUBRAS- project director
Prof. Menzel at the network event on sustainability at
the industy association FIEP in Curitiba
Political delegation visiting a brazilian cathedral
Financing Institution:
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel (IWT)
Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer (IWT)
Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer (SIA)
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. J. Metzger (CH)
Dr.-Ing. Karen Amaral (IWT)
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Grauer (IWT)
Project partner:
Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
(SENAI)
Homepage: http://www.ppgmaui.ufpr.br/
https://www.edubras-maui.uni-stuttgart.de
Opening ceremony course 2010. Farewell of the representative of the University of Stuttgart in Curitiba
Dr. Daniela Neuffer and welcoming of her followers Dr. Karen Amaral and Dr. Andreas Grauer
50

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
Summer School Brazil
Alongside political and legal conditions it is also crucial
to obtain the know-how and qualified personal in order
to create a sustainable environmental protection
program and solve environmental problems. As part of
the model-project “Environmental engineering study
offers in Brazil- Summer School” at Fundacentro
(Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e
Medicina do Trabalho (research institute at the ministry
of work) in São Paulo and UTFPR (Universidade Tecnológica
Federal do Paraná) in Curitiba, lecturers of the
University of Stuttgart hold a three week learning
event in Brazil in which the fields of waste economy,
waste technology and industrial water and wastewater
technology are taught.
Environmental problems present a global issue, which
not only concern industrialized but also emerging and
developing countries. Water and air pollution as well
as waste treatment also apply big problems particular
with regard to rapidly growing urban centers in Brazil.
Brazil takes up a central position due to the fact that
it is the most populous and largest country in South
America. In recent years Brazil´s southeast with its
federal states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina
and Rio Grande do Sul showed a strong economic
development. Particularly the two main cities São Paulo
(about 20 Million inhabitants) in the federal state of
São Paulo and Curitiba (about 2 Million inhabitants) in
the federal state of Paraná are cities with intense economic
growth. A prospective important engineering
topic in Brazil will be the solution of environmental
problems in the fields of wastewater and waste.
Urgent problems are demanding concepts and environmentally
sound proposals for solution in municipal as
well as in industrial areas. The export of environmental
protection technology only does not suffice. After the
challenge to protect water and air were recognized in
the respective countries, it is now time to establish
appropriate conditions for acting. Besides political and
legal framework, know-how and skills of appropriate
experts are essential.
In the past years Germany achieved a high level
in environmental engineering and environmental
protection. At the University of Stuttgart exists an
extensive and diverse knowledge in this field of
environmental engineering. In many research projects
and teaching, this long-standing expertise is shown,
e.g. in the cross-disciplinary Master, Diploma and
Bachelor degree programs of environmental
engineering, which are supported by 40 institutes from
10 faculties. This knowledge is made internationally
available. Through the internationally oriented Master
of Science program “Air Quality Control, Solid Waste
and Waste Water Process Engineering (WASTE) with
focus on air pollution, wastewater treatment and waste
management the internationalization of the University
of Stuttgart becomes apparent. Within the DAAD
program “Export of German study offers” courses of
the Master degree “WASTE” should be offered through
a tree-week local summer school called “Environmental
engineering study offers in Brazil- Summer School”,
taking place in the Brazilian cities Curitiba and São
Paulo. The current highest standard in environmental
technology is indicated by the course content. On
the other hand the placement of simple and to Brazil’s
standards adapted “low-tech” and “low-cost” methods
are especially on focus. This is warranted by the “on
location” situation of the Summer School and the
change of the lecturer to implicate the local situation
into the lecture e.g. in the context of excursions.
The Summer School participants should be able
to apply their acquired knowledge in order to
contribute to the environmental protection in Brazil.
The participants include professors, students from
higher semesters and colleges, as well as professionals
from industrial and communal branches. The Summer
Schools are executed due to strong cooperation
between the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water
Quality and Solid Waste Management at the University
of Stuttgart and Brazilian universities and academic
institutions in Brazil. The experiences and contacts
made during this model project should contribute to
the development of new study events and programs
in Brazil as well as create a bond to the University
of Stuttgart. As far as the participating partners are
concerned this project is an opportunity to cooperate
in the fields of science, research, joined projects as
well as student and scientist exchange programs.
Teaching topics of the Summer Schools:
„Industrial Waste Water Treatment“
• Intro waste water treatment technology
• Volume, types and contents of waste water
• Fundamentals of industrial watermanagement
• Abstract of process technologies
• Preparing measures
• Mechanical-physical treatment
• Biological treatment
• Conditioning of sludge and sludge disposal
• Physicochemical treatment
• Case study: combined processes
• Examples of practical applications
• Exercises in groups
• Excursion
51

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Consulting
„Solid Waste Management and Treatment“
• Environmental aspects of solid waste
• Source, composition, quantities of solid waste
• Waste management systems
• Collection and transport of solid waste
• Sorting and recycling
• Waste disposal – landfill, incineration
• Composting and anaerobic digestion of separate collected
biowaste
• Air purification
• Analysis of solid waste
Execution and report of a biodegradation test
via DIN 38405 (Sapromat), Interpretation of the
results
Client: Fa. Mikro-Technik GmbH & Co KG
Separation of powdered activated carbon with
hydrocyclones
Client: Dürr Systems GmbH
Financing Institution:
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst DAAD
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel
Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer
Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer (SIA)
Dipl.-Geol. D. Clauß (SIA)
Project partner:
Fundacentro (Fundacao Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de
Seguranca e Medicina do Trabalho (Forschungsinstitut
am Arbeitsministerium) in Sao Paulo;
CEFET (Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do
Parana) in Curitiba
Independant Study
Comparison of different methods for water removal
from industrial and municipal sludge
Lea Böhme (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer
Thesis (Bachelor)
Separation of powdered activated carbon with
hydrocyclones
Mirka Papenheim (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. S. Platz
52

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
Theses (Diploma)
Applicability of a Membrane-Bio-Reactor in a
company for fast moving consumer goods
Rui Fang (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl.-Ing. T. Pittmann
Improvement of the Bioavailability of persistent
wastewater substances in the solar cell industry
Guangwen He (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl.-Ing. T. Pittmann
Investigation of different boundary conditions
during the fermentation of municipal wastewater
in terms of the production of biopolymers
Claudia Stagl (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl.-Ing. T. Pittmann
Planning and implementing of a pilot plant for
mechanical-biological treatment of municipal solid
waste of emerging countries
David Vu (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. S. Platz
Optimisation of the fermentation of wastewater
in terms of the production of volatile fatty acids
for the production of bioplastics
Anodic oxidation for wastewater treatment in
terms of the application for landfill leachate
water treatment
Julia Schuster (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. T. Hirth,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel
Treatment of wastewater with surfactants and
their raw materials by the example of a manufacturing
company from the detergent and cosmetic
base material industry
Yves Steinbauer (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl. -Ing. T. Pittmann
Book of Knowledge of the process- and environmental
technology: Configuration of planning
standards
Daniel Stock (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl.-Ing. T. Pittmann
Optimization of different operating pilot plants
for the removal of powdered activated carbon
from wastewater
Luwei Zhang (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. S. Platz
Florian Kogel (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dipl.-Ing. T. Pittmann
Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation of
solid an liquid waste
Liang Lu (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Implementation of a test field for the investigation
of different separation methods of powdered
activated carbon of the adsorptive removal of
micropollutants in wastewater
Alexander Lutz (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. S. Platz
53

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Theses (Master)
Optimização da Flotação na ETE Atuba Sul
Optimization of the flotation plant at the WWTP in Atuba
Sul
Gisele Kovaltchuk
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral
Utilização de bioreator a membrana para o tratamento
de efluente de aterro industrial no Brasil
Application of a bio-membrane-reactor for wastewater
treatment of an industrial landfill in Brazil
Ane Mery Pisetta Gorigoitía
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel
Avaliação da correlação entre a concentração de
poluntes Atmosféricos e a mortalidade de idosos
no município de
Evaluating the correlation between concentration of
atmospheric pollutants and mortality of elderly people
in the municipality of Curitiba
Guiherme Augusto Robiles Exquivel
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Prof. J. Gomes, Dr. -Ing. A. Grauer
Avaliação comparativa entre os procedimentos
técnicos, legais e administrativos de outorga
para lançamento de efluentes em rios adotados
no Brasil e na Alemanha
Comparative assessment of the technical, legal and
administrative framework in Brazil and Germany for
permit to discharge wastewater
Proposta de Reuso de Águas na Indústia de Produção
de Celulose e Papel KRAFT
Proposal for water reuse in the KRAFT production industry
of pulp and paper
Mario Kossar Junior
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral,
Prof. Dr. S. Martinelli
Análise da qualidade do rio Iguaçu como ferramenta
para gestão
Measurement of the quality of rio Iguaçu as a management
tool
Andrea Menighini
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel,
Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral
Análise da Potencialidade do Reúso indireto
Potável: Estudo de Caso da ETE Atuba Sul, Região
Metropolitana de Curitiba
Analysis of the potential indirect potable water reuse:
Case study of WWTP Atuba Sul,region Curitiba
Pedro Luís Prado Franco
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer,
Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral
Identificação de Oportunidades no Mercado de
Crédito de Carbono nas Cooperativas Agropecuárias
Paranaenses
Identification of market opportunities of carbon credits
in agricultural cooperatives of Paraná
Cristiane Schappo Wessling
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer,
Dipl.-Ing. C. Meyer, Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral
Estudo do reúso de efluente tratado como água
de processo na indústria automotiva
Study of treated effluent as industrial water in automotive
industry
Leopoldo Erthal
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. J. W. Metzger,
Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer
Marcos Pupo Thiesen
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. A. Grauer, M. Kawano
Remoção de Micropoluentes Emergentes em
Efluentes Sanitários Através de Carvão Ativado
Removal of micropollutants from domestic wastewater
with activated carbon
Juliano César Rego Ferreira Wessling
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer, Dr. B. Kuch,
Dr.-Ing. K. Amaral, Prof. J. W. Metzger
54

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
Contact
Estudo do Reuso nao potavel de Água de Processo
e Efluente tratado em Indústria de Bebidas
Study of reuse of process water and treated wastewater
for applications without the quality requirement for
drinkingwater in the beverage industry
Michel Ribas Galvão
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer,
Dr.-Ing. K. J. Amaral
Avaliação da Capacidade de Degradação de Micropoluentes
Orgânicos através de Tratamento
com Radiação UV e UV/H 2
O 2
Evaluation of degradation of micropollutants by treatment
with UV radiation and combination of UV radiation
and H 2
O 2
Telma Soares
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. D. Neuffer,
Dr. B. Kuch, Dr.-Ing. K. Amaral, Prof. J. W. Metzger
Construção e Testes de Valiação de Amostradores
Passivos para Dióxido de Nitrogênio e Ozônio
Construction and testing of passive samplers for Nitrogen
Dioxide and Ozone
Magali Vieira Santiago Bucco
(Professioneller Masterkurs MAUI - Kommunaler und
Industrieller Umweltschutz, Brasilien) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. A. Grauer
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65417
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
Mobil: +49 (0)172/7303330
Email: uwe.menzel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
Dr.-Ing. Daniela Neuffer
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65419
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
Email: daniela.neuffer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Sebastian Platz
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65470
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
Email: sebastian.platz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Timo Pittmann
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65852
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
Email: timo.pittmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr.-Ing. Karen Amaral
Email: karen.amaral@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Grauer
Email:
andreas.grauer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Laboratory
CTA Silvia Brechtel
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-63731
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
Email: silvia.brechtel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Meanwhile quittet:
Dipl.-Ing. Claudia Stagl
55

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Urban Drainage
Research topics:
• Sustainable urban drainage
systems (SUDS)
• Treatment of wet-weather
flows in combined and separate
sewer systems
• Real-time control based on
quantity and quality parameters
• Treatment of highway runoff
• Infiltration water management
• Monitoring of sewer systems
Our department covers all aspects related to discharge and treatment of stormwater and wastewater
in urban areas.
The implementation of novel drainage concepts over the last decades and new technical possibilities facilitate an
increasingly sophisticated management of urban wet-weather flows. Prominent examples are the use of seminatural
devices in stormwater management (generally known as SUDS or BMPs), quality-based separation of
different types of stormwater and real-time control of entire sewer networks. Due to these developments urban
drainage systems play a more important role for the management of water and pollutant fluxes. Another aspect
is the risk of urban flooding that receives higher attention as climate change is expected to result in a higher
frequency of extreme events.
To address these themes adequately in research and education the department of urban drainage was founded
in 2009.
56

Urban Drainage SE
Research
Concentration of Micropollutants in surface waters
with strong urban-oriented catchment areas
- Acquisition of pollutants flows and evaluation of
elimination measures at wastewater treatment
plants by taking the example of the Schwippe by
Sindelfingen
In order to reduce the emission of micropollutants
from urban areas, an additional step of treatment is
planned or already in operation in several wastewater
treatment plants. The concentration micropollutants
in surface waters depends on background pollution,
emissions from wastewater treatment plants, as well
as, stormwater runoff from urabn areas and combined
sewer overflows. The impact of emissions of micropollutants
is high for the river Schwippe, which receives
wastewater and stormwater runoff from large urban
areas (Böblingen and Sindelfingen). At the Böblingen-
Sindelfingen wastewater treatment plant, a plant with
activated carbon adsorption for the elimination of micropollutants
as fourth step of treatment was started
on the 17 th of October 2011. The effect of advanced
wastewater treatment technologies on organic micropollutants
in the river Schwippe is determined with
the help of two phased field investigations, before and
after the start of the activated carbon adsorption
plant.
In this project, flows of micropollutants from the wastewater
treatment plant and from the upstream urban
catchment areas are determined with sampling and
online measurements, in dry and wet weather. Turbidity,
conductivity, concentrations of O 2
, and pH are measured
online in the river Schwippe. For each sample, these
parameters are determined: suspended solids, chemical
oxygen demand (COD), NH 4
-N, NO 3
-N, NO 2
-N, P tot
and PO 4
-P. The analyse of micropollutants focuses on
pollutants where the concentration in surface waters
is under legal regulations. Analysis is done at the
laboratory of the BIOS department at ISWA.
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Dipl.-Ing. Marie Launay
Project partner:
Department of Hydrobiology and analysis of organic
trace compounds, ISWA
Duration:
01/2011 - 05/2012
Climate Change impacts on the overflow characteristics
of combined sewer systems
This project investigates climate change impacts upon
storm water overflow characteristics in combined
sewer systems. Furthermore, measures to counter
negative effects caused by climate are investigated.
The core of the investigations are long-term pollution
load simluations for several standardized representative
sewer systems. The precipitation data for the
future (2025 - 2034) has been generated with the
precipitation generator NiedSim-Klima that has been
developed by the Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and
Environmental Systems of the University of Stuttgart.
The projected future changes in the precipitation
behavior differ spatialy. To account for this heterogeneity,
several different locations across Baden-
Wuerttemberg representing the typical regions are
being investigated.
During the first project phase, it was investigated
how well NiedSim-Klima precipitation data represents
measured data. Long-term measured precipitation
data was statisticaly investigated with generated
precipitation data for several locations in Baden-
Württemberg. Examples of how the data was investigated
are by comparing for example mean yearly
precipitation, several descriptive parameters, and the
frequency distributions of different duration periods.
In general, it can be observed that the simulated
precipitation data overestimates yearly precipitation
by aprox. 15%. Due to missing values in the measured
data the actual overestimation is less the 15%. The
number of dry days per year is being underestimated
or overestimated by 10% depending upon the location.
Looking at the frequency distibutions for each duration
period, it can be observed that precipitation events with
a low or average intensity are being underestimated
and ones with a high intensity are being overestimated.
In the second project phase, NiedSim-Klima precipitation
data of the past and future has been statistically
compared to assess the impacts of climate change upon
precipitation characteristics. It was concluded that
the mean yearly precipitation amount only increses
by 4%. The amount of dry days per year decreses
by up to 30%. Great changes can be observed in the
frequency distibutions of the different duration periods.
This becomes appared when looking at the 10 highest
precipitation events each year for different duration
periods (Figure 1). In the future a greater amount of
the daily precipitation will fall down in a shorter time.
In the now running third project phase, the simulated
precipitation data for the past and future are
used in long-tern pollution load simulations with the
57

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
simulation software KOSIM (itwh, Hannover). The
results are being investiagated by comparing, for
example, the mean yearly overflow volume and
duration as well as, frequency distributions of reservoir
filling and overflow (duration and volume). First
simulations for the future with a standardized sewer
system resulted in a 7% decrease in the mean yearly
overflow volume, a 20% increase in the reservoir filling
duration, and a 6% decrease in the overflow duration.
The use of simulated precipitation data results in
uncertainierts. Therefore, long-term pollution load
simulations for the past are carried out and compared
using measured and simulationed precipitation data.
In general, simulated data underestimates the mean
yearly overflow volume (17%), overestimates
the reservoir filling duration (8%), and underestimates
the overflow duration (31%). These
deviations are mainly the result of the differences
in the frequency distributions of the precipitation
intensites for the different duration periods.
Financing Institution:
Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection and
the Energy Sector, Baden-Wuerttemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer
Dipl.-Ing. David Bendel
Project partner:
Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental
Systems, University of Stuttgart
Duration:
06/2011 - 12/2012
Figure 1: Change of the 10 highest precipitation events for each year and duration period (dp) of the precipitation
station in Wuestenrot, blue: NiedSim-Klima Past (NSK), red: NiedSim-Klima Future (NSK2030)
58

Urban Drainage SE
Operation of storm water overflow tanks – code
of practice and training material
Within the scope of this project commissioned by
“Landesverband DWA Baden-Württemberg” a code of
practice with the subject “Operation of storm water
overflow tanks” should be provided.
The proper functioning of storm water tanks is
associated with high technical and personal requirements
which also cause substantial costs. At the same
time, it is a necessary requirement for effective water
protection.
Practical experience has shown that it is necessary
to give in particular small and medium operators of
wastewater systems recommendations for an efficient
and cost-effective operation of storm water overflow
tanks. Until now, there has only been a few general
guidelines for the operation of storm water overflow
tanks in the EKVO Baden-Württemberg and the
technical frameworks of the DWA.
The project objective is to elaborate a code of practice
and presentation slides for the training courses of the
operating personnel in order to assist these operators
of wastewater systems. The experiences of operators,
public authorities, manufacturers, civil engineering
companies, and suppliers are also being incorporated
in the project.
The code of practice is divided into theoretical and
practical parts. The theoretical part concentrates
on the didactic preparation of the basic knowledge
concerning the wastewater discharge and the treatment
of combined sewage. The practical part contains
the recommendations regarding the organization,
the equipment (mechanical, process measuring and
control technology), the maintenance, and the
common ways of documentation.
Financing Institution:
DWA Landesverband Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer
Dipl.-Ing. Christian Klippstein
Duration:
01/2011 - 12/2011
Modification of a software for the simulation of
wastewater temperature to conditions in Baden-
Württemberg and reactivation of a wastewater
heat exchanger
With an average temperature ranging from 10 °C and
20 °C wastewater is a constantly available energy
source. Heat recovery from wastewater is a topic of
rising importance in Germany. Heat can be recovered
from sewers with the help of heat exchangers and
heat pumps and could be used for heating of buildings
within their proximity.
However, many factors affect the temperature of
wastewater which results in a complex behaviour of its
dynamics within sewer systems. A simplified approach
to estimate the gradient of temperature in sewers has
not been reached until now. In the last years, EAWAG
(Zurich) has developed a model able to describe precisely
the decisive processes of the heat balance. The
software TEMPEST (Temperature Estimation) is a tool
for the dynamic simulation of wastewater temperature.
However, the application of this software in practice is
constricted due to a lack of measured data for material
properties, particularly for heat transfer. The project
addresses this lack of field data.
Field investigations were conducted in the sewer
system of a German city with over 50 000 inhabitants.
Several criteria were considered in the selection of the
investigation area and the location of the measuring
stations: the urban framework and population density,
the topography of the sewer lines, the effect of infiltration
water from different groundwater levels, and the
impact of rainfall on the wastewater temperature.
Storm water overflow tanks
The temperature and wastewater flow and the ground
temperature have been measured at twelve stations
within a 40 km sewer system during the period of
January through December 2011. As an example
figure 1 shows the effect of a rain event on the wastewater
temperature. The measurements will help to
obtain a solid database to calibrate the simulation
model TEMPEST and to validate the forecasting
capability of the model.
59

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Fig 1: Wastewater flow and temperature in a sewer for a rain event (26.02.2011)
A second part of the project is dedicated to the
reactivation of a wastewater heat exchanger that has
been installed over 30 years ago. In 1982, an installation
for wastewater heat recovery came into operatio at
Salemer Pfleghof in Esslingen / Neckar. A few years
later, because of excessive maintenance costs of the
heat pump, the system was shut down. In the last few
years, the technical development in the heat pumps
sector has been very fast and modern systems require
lower maintenance. The old heat exchanger is still in
the sewer (see Fig 2) but the heat pump had to be
removed. It is a good opportunity to demonstrate how
durable the incorporated technology in sewers is and
to obtain data for the calculation and profitability of
wastewater heat exchangers.
Financing Institution:
Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection and
the Energy Sector, Baden-Wuerttemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer
Dipl.-Ing. Marie Launay
Project partner:
Ingenieur Büro Klinger und Partner, Stuttgart
Steinbeis-Transferzentrum Esslingen
Duration:
12/2009 - 03/2012
Fig 2: A 30 year old wastewater heat exchanger in
Salemer Pfleghof in Esslingen
60

Urban Drainage SE
Consulting
Independant Study
Design of a bed load trap for the WWTP Stuttgart-Möhringen
Client:
Stadtentwässerung Stuttgart (SES), 2010
Project Management for the Urban Drainage Master
Plan for the City of Reutlingen
Client:
Stadtentwässerung Reutlingen (SER), 2011
Simulation Study on Management and Rehablilitation
of CSO structures in catchment Stuttgart-
Möhringen
Client:
Stadtentwässerung Stuttgart (SES), 2011
Analysis of the loading regime of Biofilters for
CSO treatment considering regional variations in
precipitation patterns
Theresia Heißerer (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Betreuer: Dr.-Ing. U. Dittmer, Dipl.-Ing. F. Beck
Theses (Diploma)
Characterization of the pollution of urban surface
runoff.
Nina Gutjahr (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dr.-Ing. U. Dittmer
Approaches to the intergration of particle transport
into hydrodynamic sewer quality models.
Tim Schneider (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dr.-Ing. U. Dittmer
Rehabilitation of a Sewer Network Considering
Hydraulic Capacity and Physical State of the Pipes.
Christian Klippstein (Bauingenieurwesen) (2011)
Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dr.-Ing. U. Dittmer
Calibration of a water quality model for a combined
sewer system using Info Works CS.
Michael Stapf (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dr.-Ing. U. Dittmer
61

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Contact
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer (Akad. Rat)
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 69350
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: ulrich.dittmer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
Dipl.-Ing. David Bendel
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65788
Fax.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: david.bendel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Hyd. Isabelle Fechner
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63739
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: isabelle.fechner@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Mehari G. Haile, M.Sc.
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65439
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: mehari.haile@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Christian Klippstein
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65410
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: christian.klippstein@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Marie Launay
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65445
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: marie.launay@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Meanwhile quittet:
Dr.-Ing. Gebhard Stotz
62

Industrial Water and Wastewater Technology IWT
63

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Water Quality Management and Water Supply
Research topics:
• Water collection and water treat
ment
• Removal of iron, manganese and
arsenic by subterranian groundwater
treatment
• In-situ bioreactors for decentralized
groundwater treatment and
supply
• Ecosystem research of rivers
and groundwater
• Stormwater run-off management,
rainwater harvesting and
water conservation
• Protection of drinking water
resources
• Investigation of anaerobic
treatability of wastewaterand
concentrates
• Water quality management
and its interaction with indirect
dischargers and operation of the
wastewater treatment plant
With us, effluent is just water under the bridge
Our field of work consists of all aspects of extraction and provision of water from surface and groundwater sources.
Most notably, this involves subterranian groundwater treatment, and all questions relating to the transport,
storage and distribution of water. The technical, economical and hygienic aspects play the primary role in this.
In the field of water supply, we deal with the problems shown in the margin, whereby the technology of groundwater
treatment is increasingly applied to contaminated site remediation. For the treatment of water for industrial
use, we employ membranes, oxidation, UV disinfection and anaerobic biological processes. The transport and
distribution of drinking water, and the associated hygienic problems, are also subjects of our investigations.
We have also listed the focal points of our work in water quality management. Generally, this involves anthropogenic
influences on water quality and the protection of drinking water resources. One important example of our
research is the investigation of the interaction between wastewater pretreatment in industry and the operation of
municipal wastewater treatment plants, and their influence on water quality. The final aim is the optimum disposal
of sewage from both a business management and an economical point of view. The development, optimization
and implementation of sustainable, cost effective and ecologically sensible water treatment technologies on the
one hand and technologically advanced procedures on the other, remains a central task in view of the global drinking
water supply crisis. One of the main research areas for the future will therefore be the analysis and defeat of
transfer and implementation restraints. In addition, it is also necessary, due to the limited global water resources,
to increase research in the fields of water resource control and management in terms of safeguarding drinking
water supplies.
64

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Research
International Cooperation in Education and
Research with India
The objective of the project was to submit a proposal to
the European Commission in the Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7), targeting at international cooperation
with India in the field of natural water treatment
systems. In total, 17 partners from Germany, France,
Great Britain, Israel, India and Vietnam participated in
the proposal.
The objective of the proposal was to develop selfsupporting
and sustainable concepts based on natural
water treatment systems and services for India to cope
with the ever-growing problems in the water sector.
There is an urgent need for offering suitable and
cost-effective technologies like natural water treatment
(NWT) to satisfy the ever-growing demand for
drinking and process water. The proposal was focussing
on NWT systems & services to improve the water
availability in urban areas as they offer promising
solutions in terms of technical, socio-economic and
environmental sustainability.
NWT systems & services are available in the
European/Israeli market, but have not penetrated
adequately into the Indian market, although they
may be a solution of high sustainability for solving
the existing water related problems. This lack of
penetration may be attributed to existing market
barriers that may be found on both supply and
demand side.
Financing Institution:
DLR, International Bureau of the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, AOR
Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Schmidt
Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Neft
Duration:
07/2010 - 11/2010
The approach of the proposal was to solve problems in
India with performance and reliability of NWT systems
and to establish technologies which are technically
cost-efficient and easy to operate and maintain. In
addition, the aim was to establish and improve research
partnerships and to create added value for SMEs in the
sector of natural water treatment systems.
In the course of the project, the criteria relevant for understanding
the needs of the NWT supply and demand
side were to be identified and evaluated in order to
identify these NWT systems & services that have
potential to be self-supporting and sustainable
solutions in India.
The core outputs of the project, a technical matrix for
NWT systems & services for the NWT supply side and a
decision support matrix for NWT systems & services for
the decision makers in the Indian water sector, were
aimed to eliminate market barriers for NWT systems &
services to the benefit of SMEs and the Indian people.
Die European Commission evaluated the proposal with
“good” in all aspects. However, the evaluation result
was not sufficient for funding.
65

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
INDO-GERMAN WATER NETWORK
- Planning and Rehabilitation of communal and
industrial water supply and wastewater
disposal systems in India -
The network „Planning and Rehabilitation of communal
and industrial water supply and wastewater disposal
systems in India“ (INDO-GERMAN WATER network)
is a research network in the field of water supply,
wastewater systems and environmental technologies.
The INDO-GERMAN WATER network covers a deep
and broad portfolio of experience, ranging from
research activities to highly application oriented
solutions and their implementation. The network took
part in the campaign “India and Germany – Strategic
Partners for Innovation”, that was supported by the
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Detailed information of the INDO - GERMAN WATER
network, its activities and members are available at
www.indo-german-water.net. Target is to develop and
carry out projects concerning planning or rehabilitation
of wastewater disposal and water supply systems that
lead to a sustainable and economical system operation.
This is the base to provide water supply and wastewater
disposal for humans and industrial purpose regarding to
people’s health, economical development and environmental
protection.
The objective of the project and of the network is
to form Indian-German co-operation teams bringing
forward R&D or industrial projects concerning water
and wastewater systems.
The specific aims are:
• Improve water supply and wastewater disposal for
humans and industrial purposes, taking into consideration
people’s health, economical development
and environmental protection.
• Integrate Indian and German know-how in these
areas and adapt solutions to the special needs of
India.
• Identify potential fields for co-operations and areas
for joint Indo-German research activities in India.
• Establish Indo-German projects in the field of
communal and industrial water supply and wastewater
disposal.
to strengthen the cooperation and to inform and
integrate promising partners, e.g. authorities, system
operators or companies.
In 2010 INDO GERMAN WATER network was participating
at EmTech India 2010 in Bangalore, at the 16TH
TECHNOLOGY SUMMIT & TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM in
New Delhi and at the IVth World Aqua Congress in
New Delhi.
Participants at the IVth World Aqua Congress in New
Delhi
Financing Institution:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, AOR
Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Krauss
Project partner:
Engineering Consultants Scheer, Sonthofen
Institut für Wasserwesen der Universität der
Bundeswehr München
Tandler.Com–Gesellschaft für Umweltinformatik mbH
BAYIND - Bayerisches Kooperationszentrum für
Wirtschaft und Hochschulen für Indien,
Fachhochschule Hof
Duration:
11/2008 – 12/2010
Workshops were organized in India to present the
fields of work and the experience of the German
project partners as well as of the potential Indian
partners. The special challenges for Indo-German
teams will be discussed there. This comprises investigations
of the needs concerning water and wastewater
management in India, and of general conditions
relating to projects in the mentioned fields. A conference
has been organized to present the potential of
the German and Indian R&D institutes and companies
66

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
LILAC -Living Landscapes China
– Module „Land use change and water bodies“
Changes in land use can directly and indirectly affect
the river water quality, sediment input and hence the
river ecology due to increased land erosion in local as
well as in regional extent. The Naban River Watershed
National Nature Reserve (NRWNNR) has been greatly
affected by land use changes in the past decades.
The impacts of land use changes on rivers have been
evaluated in terms of changed sediment conditions and
water quality and quantity. The evaluation is carried
out by comparing the measured and modeled values
of several indicators at different locations in the watershed.
The measured and modeled indication values
range from physical/chemical parameters and organic
trace substances to hydromorphological factors and
simulated habitat suitability for local fish species.
This study focuses on the evaluation of water quality
as well as sediment and water ecology. Additionally,
water supply system, drinking water quality and performance
of wastewater treatment plants have been
studied in order to analyze the use of river water and
water management in term of water quality.
The result shows that:
(1) the river water has relatively high phosphorous
and nitrogen concentrations and therefore the backwater
area before the confluence into Mekong River is
threatened by eutrophication;
(2) the river water is highly disturbed by various
pesticides and organic trace substances;
(3) the amount of fine sediments is unnaturally high
and consequently affects the habitats of fish species;
(4) it is necessary to build more wastewater and water
treatment plants with high performance.
The obtained results can be used as a base for developing
strategies for an integrated water resources
management.
The project was conducted in cooperation with the Institute
for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems,
University of Stuttgart (IWS) within the Water
Research Center (wfz) Stuttgart.
Financing Institution:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Prof. Dr.-Ing. S. Wieprecht (IWS)
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, AOR
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Krauss
Dipl.-Ing. Qingfan Zhang
Project partner:
Deutschland:
Institut für Wasserbau (IWS) der Univ. Stuttgart
Universitäten Hohenheim, Hannover, Passau, Kassel
Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Justus-Liebig-Universität
Giessen
Deutsches Institut für tropische und subtropische
Landwirtschaft GmbH
China:
Tongji University Shanghai
Tsinghua University Beijing
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Science (CAS)
China Agricultural University (CAU)
Yunnan Agricultural University (YAU)
Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (YASS)
Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve
Bureau (NRWNNRB)
TianZi Biodiversity Research and Development
Centre
Duration:
11/2009 – 10/2010
Results of land use changes (cleared woodland) in Yunnan, China
67

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
SURUMER - Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the
Mekong Region. Development of an integrative
land-use concept in Yunnan Province, China
Subproject 3: Development and appliance of a strategic
water management tool
The overall objective of SURUMER is to develop an integrative,
applicable, and stakeholder validated concept
for sustainable rubber cultivation in a highly diverse
ecoregion (southern Yunnan, representing the Greater
Mekong Subregion). This concept is based on multi-,
inter- and transdisciplinary approaches, involving nine
research subprojects (SP) of different disciplines and
sectors, and the Project Management Coordination
subproject PMC. Trade-offs and synergies between
ecosystem functions (ESF) and services (ESS) on the
one hand and socio-economic aims and constraints on
the other are being identified, in order to achieve the
safeguarding of biophysical features that ensure the
flow of ESS within the socio-ecological system.
ESF and ESS are analyzed in a comparative approach.
Studies are conducted in two regions of contrasting
land use, representing a close-to-nature catchment
area dominated by natural forest, and a catchment area
dominated by rubber plantations. After the initiation
phase including infrastructure establishment and baseline
study, the following aim will be reached in three
over-lapping phases of totally five years:
Phase 1:
Assessment and quantification of major ESF and ESS
of forest- and rubber dominated land use systems by
applying and developing scientific methods across
different sectors and spatial scales, which include
biophysical features, biodiversity-related features and
economic and socio-economic issues, including stakeholder
analysis. These activities are accompanied by
a transdisciplinary process involving participation of
stakeholders of all relevant sectors.
Phase 2:
Integrative analysis: The obtained data and results on
ESF and ESS are analyzed and evaluated in inter- and
multidisciplinary approaches including modeling and
upscaling, in order to quantify the spatial and temporal
flows of services. The developed outputs and scenarios
are communicated to stakeholders, and their continuous
feedback facilitates the development of alternative
land use strategies.
Strategic planning: Along with results from economic
analyses and valuations, tradeoffs and synergies
between alternative land use strategies (focussing on
the provision of ESF and ESS) and economic viability
and goals are identified. Researchers and stakeholders
then develop strategic objectives and specific actions
for the safeguarding of ESS, which will be tested in
experimental approaches.
Monitoring and evaluation: The feasibility of the intended
measures will be analyzed with stakeholders
and then applied to onplot experiments established to
test techniques of sustainable rubber cultivation that
ensure the flow of ESS to the beneficiaries. Robust
indicators for impact assessment will be defined which,
together with economic indicators, provide the basis
for impact monitoring and valuation.
Intensified rubber cultivation with strong impact on water bodies
68

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Phase 3:
Implementation: The final phase includes the transdisciplinary
valuation of designs and concepts by the
disciplines and stakeholders. This ensures that all
sectors accept and adopt appropriate solutions for
achieving longterm resilience of the social-ecological
system associated with ESS. This process is followed
by the analysis of framework conditions for implementation
and diffusion with focus on political-administrative
hierarchies, landuse policies, and property rights.
Prospects: The outcomes of the proposed project will
not only refer to the regional situation of the study
region. Rather, they provide a wider application for other
potential rubber cultivation areas across the Greater
Mekong Subregion facing the same problems. The
concepts for sustainable rubber cultivation developed
in this project provide a practical implementation framework
to all stakeholders and political institutions of
such counties. The concept can further be adapted
to other socio-ecological environments of large-scale
tropical production systems of renewable resources
such as oil palm plantations.
Subproject 3:
Specific aim of this subproject is the development and
appliance of a strategic water management tool to
protect water resources.
The conversion of natural forest into rubber plantations
does not only affect the local water balance, but
also affects the quality and quantity of groundwater
and surface waters as resources. ESF and ESS affected
include the provision of drinking and process water, of
energy (water availability related to hydropower), the
regulation of the local water cycle, and the condition of
soil and biodiversity in general. Several impacts on ESF
and ESS connected to water have already been reported
from the Xishuangbanna area. To deal with changed
land use due to rubber cultivation and its impacts on
water resources in Xishuangbanna, water management
plans are needed containing a program of measures
to meet ESF and ESS that are defined by physical,
chemical and biological characteristics as well as by
socio-economic effects. The responsible authorities
and decisionmakers must have tools to assess the
present status and the likely impact of management
options that might be employed to mitigate any
existing and future problem. Water Resources Management
offers solutions to control natural and humanmade
water resources systems for beneficial uses. In
general, water management deals with water supply,
wastewater and water quality services, flood control,
hydropower, navigation, recreation, and water for the
environment, fish and wildlife. Therefore, this subproject
aims to develop and apply a sophisticated Water
Management Tool (WMT) with an immission based
approach to monitor the water resources and to protect
them against land use pressure, especially through
rubber cultivation. Both water quality and quantity
aspects will be considered relating to the groundwater
and surface waters as important drinking and process
water resources, and to the surface waters as natural
habitats.
Subproject 3 will be conducted in cooperation with the
Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental
Systems, University of Stuttgart (IWS) within the Water
Research Center (wfz) Stuttgart.
Financing Institution:
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Prof. Dr.-Ing. S. Wieprecht (IWS)
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, AOR
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Krauss
Dipl.-Ing. Lydia Seitz (IWS)
Project partner:
Deutschland:
Universität Hohenheim (Leitung des Gesamtprojekts)
Leibniz Universität Hannover
Humboldt-Universität Berlin
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Deutsches Institut für tropische und subtropische
Landwirtschaft GmbH
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
(GIZ)
China:
Tongji University Shanghai
Tsinghua University Beijing
Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science
World Agro-Forestry Centre China
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing
Beijing Normal University
China Agricultural University, Beijing
Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (YASS)
Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve Bureau
(NRWNNRB)
Foreign Investment and Cooperation Department &
Hainan Rubber Cultivation Research Institute, Ministry
of Agriculture
Duration:
12/2011 – 11/2016
69

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Industrial Wastewater Reuse in Textile Industry
by Application of Appropriate Membrane
Treatment Technology and Investigating
Pre-treatment Methods, Fouling Phenomenon
and Cleaning of Fouled Membranes
biofouling after membrane cleaning will be performed
to complete the project.
According to the initial results, more than 55%
overall water reuse and more than 50% salt reuse was
observed.
The usable water resources in the world are decreasing
in amount, leading not only an increase in water price
but also stringent wastewater discharge quality limits
which increases wastewater treatment cost. Textile
industry requires significant amount of process water
for cleaning, bleaching, dyeing and washing/rinsing
purposes. One of the effective ways for sustainable and
economical usage of water for a textile industry can be
the implementation of wastewater reuse. In this sense
each type of textile wastewater should be thought as
a new water resource and should be reused as much
as possible without causing any quality decrease
in produced textile.
Financing Institution:
DLR, International Bureau of the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, AOR
M.Sc. Kenan Güney
Project partner:
Technische Universität Istanbul, Türkei
Duration:
01/2009 – 06/2012
Application of membrane treatment technology in
segregated wastewater treatment and reuse concept
allows in-situ treatment and reuse. Although membrane
filtration gives enormous results, membrane treatment
has one main disadvantage, which is membrane
fouling. Membrane fouling is mainly categorized as
inorganic fouling, organic fouling and biofouling.
Fouling is an important problem for economical
sustainability of the membrane treatment process
and it should be minimized by investigating adequate
pre-treatment and membrane cleaning methods.
Therefore the project aims were classified as:
• selecting appropriate membrane application for
each wastewater stream in a textile dye-house
• selecting water reuse potential of each wastewater
stream in a textile dye-house
• investigating effective pre-treatment methods for
the selected membrane applications
• investigating effective membrane cleaning methods
for the selected membrane applications
• investigating non-Phosphorus based antiscalant
usage and formation of biofouling.
Investigations are conducted with laboratory scale and
pilot scale membrane units by using original textile dyehouse
wastewaters. NF270 nanofiltration membrane
and XLE reverse osmosis membrane were found effective
for the treatment and reuse of washing/rinsing
wastewaters. MF/UF pre-filtration was found effective
for NF/RO treatment of washing/rinsing wastewaters.
Alkaline membrane cleaning was found effective
for the cleaning of fouled membranes. Investigating
not only the effect of non-Phosphorus based antiscalants
on the membrane treatment performance
and on biofouling formation but also the removal of
biofouling by membrane cleaning and regeneration of
70

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
AKIZ – Integrated Wastewater Concept for
Industrial Zones with near-to-source measures
to recover energy and valuable materials for developping
countries in tropical regions
Sub-project W2: Elimination of Toxic Substances –
Chemical and Physicochemical Processes for Persistent
Organic Pollutants Removal from Wastewater-
Vietnam has a large number of about 200 registered
industrial zones (IZ) without sustainable wastewater
concepts. As a result of a selection process, carried
out with the consent of the International Bureau of the
BMBF in co-operation with KfW, a „Flagship Project“
is proposed for the IZ Tra Noc, Can Tho City, in the
Mekong Delta. In consideration of the planed KfWfounded
central sewage treatment plant of the IZ,
the BMBF research project will develop an integrated
wastewater concept for tropical IZ (AKIZ, Integriertes
Abwasserkonzept für Industriezonen), to secure the
efficiency and sustainable functioning of the whole
system including all its components (life cycle optimization).
Taking representative factories within the IZ Tra Noc,
near-to-source measures shall be demonstrated,
such as the pre-treatment of wastewater (e.g. from
veterinary pharmaceutical production to remove toxic
substances), or the generation of energy from wastewater
(e.g. for a fish producing company), and the
reclamation of valuable substances and water-re-use
from wastewater (e.g. for a brewery or chemical factory).
Pilot plants in technical scale (not in full scale),
mounted in containers, will be used to adapt and
verify high-tech solutions to the local conditions.
Additionally, appropriate technologies and concepts
for the disposal respectively for the utilisation of
different sewage-sludges have to be developed, and
the links with solid waste and contaminated sites
management have to be analyzed and considered.
Based on the pilot test plant results, an overall
Management Concept will be created for AKIZ, which
will cover the technical as well as the economic,
financial functions of all facilities and organizations
within the IZ. The decentralized measures within the
BMBF research project have to be included, protecting
and accomplishing the central sewage treatment plant
financed by the BMZ through the KfW. Furthermore,
sociological and ecological aspects, relevant to apply
AKIZ, have to be considered. The sustainable implementation
of AKIZ will be supported through
capacity building with stakeholders and local partners.
In the sub-project W2 of the joint project AKIZ it
should be exemplarily examined which industrial companies
of the Industrial Zone Tra Noc discharge sewage
water, which will be critical to the operation of a central
mechanical-biological treatment plant. Furthermore
the waste water could cause problems for the future
sewage disposal and/ or, as result of persistence and
non-elimination, end up in the receiving water and can
therefore reach the aquatic environment. Accordingly
steady and safe near-to-source detoxification methods
have to be selected. Therefore three companies of the
pharmaceutical, veterinary pharmaceutical, chemical,
fertilizer or pesticide production sector should be
selected and their waste water sampled and analyzed.
Based on analysis and the expected concentrations,
loads and inhibitory effects at the end of phase „ba-
Delegates of AKIZ Joint-Workshop in Can Tho, Vietnam, 28./29.11.2011
71

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
sic evaluation“ two companies for the further project
phases are to be determined and suitable detoxification
techniques have to be selected. Several
methods like the application of precipitation-/flocculation-/neutralization-methods,
oxidation methods
(e.g. ozonization or H2O2/ UV-methods), adsorption
methods with active coal, as well as membrane
filtration methods (nano membrane and reverse
osmosis), membrane bio reactor should be set up.
These procedures are chosen because in the field
of waste water detoxification they are the state
-of -the art. In addition new methods such as high
voltage probes and oxidation using diamond
electrodes should be investigated on site and also
within the scope of further studies in the laboratory for
individual sub-stream effluents. The effectiveness of
alternative methods such as the use of non-bacterial
cells and specific isolated enzymes can be analyzed.
For the selected companies, adapted pretreatment
methods will be chosen to design a mobile pilot
container.
In the development and optimization phase, a mobile
container will be constructed by HST GmbH to be
operated at two selected companies. With the objective
of determining the optimal detoxification process,
several points such as reliability, cost, acceptance
and integration into production process or the optimal
combination of techniques and their optimal process
parameters are to be investigated. In addition,
the detoxification technology should be adapted
and developed from the points of temperature,
humidity, level of infrastructural and organizational
constraints, also process-specific and specific scientific
questions should be clarified.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
(BMBF)
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, AOR
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Dipl.-Ing. Thi Thi Vu
Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Kilian
Project partner:
Institut für Umwelttechnik und Management an der
Universität
Witten/Herdecke GmbH (IEEM)
HST Hydro - Systemtechnik GmbH, Meschede
Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik
(ISAH)
an der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Passavant-Roediger GmbH, Hanau
Institut für Wasserversorgung und Grundwasserschutz,
Abwassertechnik,
Abfalltechnik, Industrielle Stoffkreisläufe, Umweltund
Raumplanung (WAR) an der Technischen Universität
Darmstadt
EnviroChemie GmbH, Rossdorf
LAR Process Analysers AG, Berlin
Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft an der Technischen
Universität Braunschweig
Duration:
11/2009 – 04/2014
According to the work schedule the pilot plant will
be designed and built by HST Hydro-Systemtechnik
GmbH (Meschede) and then be shipped to Vietnam
and put into operation. There, the plant will be
operated by members of ISWA in close cooperation
with HST. In a 2 1/4-anually experimental phase, the
pilot plant will be operated in a manner to achieve
the above mentioned objectives. If it turns out that
due to local conditions in the first industrial company
the research objectives cannot be achieved, the plant
will be transferred to another industrial company.
72

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Leakage Detection and Control in Ghana‘s Urban
Water Supply System: A Case Study of Saltpond
Distribution Network
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) is simply water supplied
into a system for which does not bring revenue in return.
A major component of NRW is Water loss which
is made up of real loss (physical loss—leakages and
bursts) and apparent loss (commercial loss—illegal
connections, meter inaccuracies etc.). Water loss is
a challenge for most developing countries like Ghana
where about 50% of water supplied is lost. This project
will focus on the physical loss aspect leakage detection
and control. For this study, a system which has been
zoned is required. The chosen Saltpond water distribution
network was built in the 1960s and rehabilitated
and upgraded in 2008. The system was zoned with
each zone having a bulk meter.
The project aims at
1. developing an optimization-based model for predicting
leakage spots
2. quantifying physical and apparent losses
3. defining system-specific performance indicators
4. preparing a rehabilitation plan or scheme using
PiReM software (from RBS Wave)
5. investigating the transferability to other water distribution
networks in Ghana and other developing
countries
Internationally accepted practices such as the Minimum
Night Flow (MNF) Analysis will be used to assess
the amount of water lost in the system and an optimization
model will be developed to predict leakages
hotspots while the Pipe Rehabilitation Management
(PiReM Trinkwasser) Software developed by RBS Wave
and its partners will be used for the rehabilitation planning.
Considering the pillars of leakage analysis as well
as the management framework below, it is clear that
whiles leakage detection modeling and minimum night
flow analysis enables active leakage control thereby
enhancing the speed and quality of repairs, PiReM also
ensure asset management.
At the end of this research, the following will be the
outcomes:
1. Scientific tool to determine leakage spots in the distribution
system
2. Decision support system for the repair or replacement
of sections of network
3. System-specific performance indicators (targets)
for Ghana
Financing Institution:
Ghana Education Trust Fund/ University of Ghana
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke, AOR
M.Sc. Peace K. Amoatey
Duration:
11/2010 – 11/2013
Fig.1: Four pillars of Leakage Management Fig.2: Four pillars of Leakage Analysis
(Farley, 2008)
(Islam, 2010)
73

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Consulting
Independant Studies
Scientific Advice for a Treatment Test using Insitu-Treatment
for the removal of iron and manganese
at Campus of University of Heidenheim
Client:
Ed. Züblin AG, Stuttgart
Examination of anaerobic degradability of splitflow
samples from a paper mill
Client:
Hager & Elsässer GmbH, Stuttgart
Examination of various Wastewater parameters
from Voith Paper Technology Center
Client: Voith Paper GmbH & Co. KG, Heidenheim
Examination of Nitrification Inhibition Tests according
to DIN EN ISO 9509
Client:
Dr.-Ing. W. Götzelmann + Partner GmbH, Stuttgart
Assessment of the applicability of the in-situ
(Iron, Arsenic) removal in Mexico
Jose Antonio Castillo (WASTE) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Phosphorus fractions and bioavailability
Manuel Claus (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Investigating Water Reuse Potential of Textile
Wastewater
Francisco Javier Montoya Espinoza (WASTE) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Scientific Advice for a Test of a Press- and Filtersystem
to compact waste from large kitchens
Client:
Bendig & Krause GmbH, Düsseldorf
Scientific Advice for Planning and Optimisation
of a decolouration step at the Wastewater treatment
Plant Burladingen
Client:
Stadt Burladingen
SWOT-Analysis of agricultural reuse of treated
(WASTE)water
Manoj Paneru (WASTE) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Analysis of the Relationship Between the Effluent
Concentration of Phosphorus Fractions
and the Effluent Concentration of Total Suspended
Solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand
in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Pengfie Wang (Infrastructur Planning) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Theses (Bachelor)
Application of the test for inhibition of xoygen
consumption by activated sludge at DIN EN ISO
8192on membran conentrates af TMP- and Deinking-effluents
from the paper industry at oxidative
and biologiclal treatment
Anna Bachmann (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
74

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Theses (Diploma)
Evaluation of the applicability of decentralised
subterranean treatment of groundwater containing
iron and arsenic for the provision of
drinking water in rural India
Andreas Buchner (Umweltsicherung, Hochschule
Weihenstephan-Triesdorf) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Prof. Dr. Asmus,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Water and Salt Recovery by Using Nanofiltration
and Reverse Osmosis comparing turkish and
german textile rinsing water
Ilka Johanna Eisele (geb. Scheiding)
(Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Application of Ozone and Fenton Reagent to
membrane concentrates in the pulp and paper
industry
Katrin Erdmann (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Influence of pressure on fouling in gravity driven
dead end ultrafiltration
Maximilian Grau (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Analysis and Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting
as a Contribution to Resource-Efficiency in the
Water Supply at Mercedes-Benz Plant in Sindelfingen
Philip Koch (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Design of an Ultrafiltrationunit for treatment of
surface water with high particel-concentrations
in emergencies
Ulli Lenz (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Assessment of the bioavailability of organic and
inorganic phosphorus compounds using algal assay
and Pi-Test
Rike Nobis (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Development of a Drinking-Water Supply in
Emergency for the City of Sindelfingen
Carolin Marie Louise Salewski
(Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Develeopment, verification and application of a
rapid test for the determination of the CaSO4-
und CaCO3-scaling inhibition efficiency of different
antiscalants
Zhaoping Shi (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Hazard and risk assessment for the protection of
drinking water source: Case study Burgberg
Maren Burkert (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Investigation of the anaerobic biodegradability
of waste water concentrates from several papermills
Chen Fengdong (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Anaerobic treatment (thermophilc vs. mesophilic)
of waste water concentrates from pulp and
paper industry
Ruben Manuel (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Investigation on the impact of sulphate on the
anaerobic degradation of wastewater
Ales Mujdrica (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
75

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
Theses (Master)
Assessment of the anthropogenic impact of drinking
water quality for four water catchments
south-east of Munich
Development of an adapted concept of operation
for rural water supply networks in Gunung Kidul,
Java, Indonesia
Immanuel Pache (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Alexander Mack (WAREM) (2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Optimisation of Riverwater pretreatment for
subsequent microfiltration
Judith Christina Richter
(Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Decontamination of industrial wastewater containing
pesticides in tropical climates: case study
company CPC, Can Tho, Vietnam
Optimization of biological aerobic treatment of
membrane concentrates from pulp and paper industry
in combination with other treatment processes
Hoang Phuong (WAREM) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Eduard Rott (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Elevated Storage Tank Reißing -an important
element for a safe water supply in region „Gäuboden“,
Bavaria
Tobias Wallinger (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
Investigation of pH-Influence on anaerobic biodegradability
of Deinking-Concentrate with high
sulphate-concentrations
Jingjie Xiong (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Steinmetz,
Dipl.-Ing. R. Minke AOR
76

Water Quality Management and Water Supply WGW
Contact
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke, Akad. Oberrat
Laboratory
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65423
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: ralf.minke@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Secretary´s office
CTA Ellen Raith-Bausch
CTA Giuseppina Müller
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65400
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: wgw.labor@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Gabriele Glaßmann
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63711
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: gabriele.glassmann@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
M. Sc. Kenan Güney
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63700
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: kenan.gueney@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Krauß
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63700
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: manuel.krauss@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Neft
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65425
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: andreas.neft@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Eduard Rott
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 60497
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: eduard.rott@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Thithi Vu
Tel.: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 65849
Fax: +49 (0)711 / 685 - 63729
E-Mail: thithi.vu@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Meanwhile quittet:
Dipl.-Ing. Sabine Schmidt
Dipl.-Ing. Quingfan Zhang
77

Chair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling
78

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
o. Prof. Dr. -Ing. Martin Kranert
Solid Waste Management
Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
SIA
Resources Management and Industrial Waste
Dipl.-Ing. G. Hafner
RIK
Emissions EMS
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
Biological Air Purification ALR
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. K.-H. Engesser
79

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
The aim of research and education at the Chair of Waste
Management and Emissions is to assure resource
conservation and climate protection in a sustainable
manner. Within this context, material flows that become
waste as result of the use of resources, their
treatment processes, along with the emissions from
waste treatment plants, are considered. The topic
of biological waste air purification is dealt in a special
department within the chair. Considering that sustainable
waste management gives priority to actions
that counteract the generation of waste, fundamental
waste management processes, which serve as cornerstones
for sustainable resource management, span
from the generation of waste and its avoidance, over
the recovery of materials and energy from waste, up
to the environmentally sound disposal of wastes and
the control of the associated emissions.
Education and research encompass a holistic approach
to waste management, from waste avoidance, to the
valorisation of wastes, up to the environmentally
sound disposal of residual waste. Beside the lectures
offered for Civil Engineering students, courses are specially
tailored for the German taught Environmental
Engineering program, and the international Master of
Science program „Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and
Waste Water Process Engineering – WASTE”.
Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Chem. Klaus Fischer is in charge of solid
waste working group; Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner leads
the working group for resource management and industrial
recycling and Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Chem. Martin Reiser
is responsible for the emissions working group.
The research team for IGNIS project is led by MSc
Nicolas Escalante and Dipl.-Geogr. Agata Rymkiewicz.
Since 2011 Dr. Sc. agr. Dipl.-Ing. Sigrid Kusch heads
the research group „Organic Resources“. Starting
from October 1, 2011 Dr. Kusch is deputy Professor for
Waste Management at the TU Dresden, in replacement
of Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Bernd Bilitewski.
Research is focused on the following fields:
• Modelling, simulation and evaluation of waste management
systems and concepts taking into consideration
resource conservation and climate protection.
• Biotechnological waste treatment processes (composting,
anaerobic digestion), concentrating specially
on process modelling and simulation of anaerobic
systems, and regenerative energy recovery
from organic waste and renewable resources.
• Examination and evaluation of decentralized disposal
systems for the joint treatment of solid
waste and wastewater, as well as energy recovery
(zero waste and wastewater processes e.g. tourist
areas, islands).
• Infrastructure development for future megacities,
particularly in developing and emerging economies.
Scientific accompaniment of the implementation
of sustainable material management systems
and waste treatment technologies.
• Surveys on food waste generation and development
of food waste reduction strategies
• Analysis of wastes and emissions
• Laser based method of measuring methane emissions
from area sources
• Stabilization of landfills by in-situ aeration
The Chair of Waste Management and Emissions is a
member of several competence networks e.g. Competence
Centre Environmental Engineering (Kompetenzzentrum
für Umweltschutz Region Stuttgart (KURS
e.V.)) and several standardization committees and scientific
advisory boards, and as a result has established
numerous contacts and cooperation agreements with
several research institutions, public waste management
authorities, private enterprises, and ministries.
Cooperation with foreign universities and research institutions
have been established through international
research projects.
Activities in Education
The Chair’s staff, including lecturers, researchers and
external readers, holds lectures covering several study
courses, and supervises students from different academic
programmes. From winter semester 08/09 the
diploma programmes Civil Engineering and Environmental
Engineering have been converted to Bachelor-/
Master programmes and modularized course are now
being offered.
Bachelor of Science programme Civil Engineering and
Environmentl Engineering:
• Waste Management and Biological Air Purification
Master of Science Programme Civil Engineering:
• Master course „Waste Treatment Engineering“
Master of Science programme Environmental
Engineering:
• Specialization field „Waste, Wastewater, Emissions“
with the Master courses „Waste Treatement
Engineering“ and „Waste Management“, with
11 specialization modules.
International Master Programme „WASTE“ (Established
in 2002):
• Sanitary Engineering, course Solid Waste Management
• Mechanical and Biological Waste Treatment
• Design of Solid Waste Treatment Plants
80

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
• Industrial waste and contaminated sites
• Independent Study
• Biological Waste air purification and adsorption
• International Waste Management
• Sanitary Engineering: Practical class
• Ressourcenmanagement
• Environmental relevance
• Biogas
• Waste management systems
Kulturbau (BWK)); as well as lectures in the field of
waste management within the scope of the Distance
education programme “Water and Environment” offered
by the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. Finally, in
collaboration with the Turkish Environmental Ministry,
the tradition of the German-Turkish Conferences has
been revived.
Committees
International Master Programmee „Infrastructure
Planning“ and „WAREM“:
• Solid waste Management
• Ecology III
Seminars, laboratory work, design exercises, and excursions
supplement the lectures.
International
Cooperation agreements in research and education
have established with the Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Biotechnology at the Tampere University
of Technology (Finland) as well as the Dokuz
Eylül University at Izmir (Turkey), Montanuniversität
Leoben (Austria), the University of Salerno (Italy), the
University of Thessaloniki (Greece), the Technical University
of Temesvar (Romania), the Universitesi Saints
Malaysia (Malaysia), the Guangxi - University (China),
the Universidad Católica Boliviana „ San Pablo“ /Bolivia,
the Universidad Costa Rica (Costa Rica), the Universidade
Federal do Parana (Brazil), and the Universidade
Federal do Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Furthermore, several staff members of the Chair are
active as associated lecturers at other institutions
worldwide. It is important to highlight the activities
of lecturers in the Master programme EDUBRAS held
in cooperation the Universidade Federal do Parana in
Curitiba (Brasil).
Conferences
Beyond research and academic activities, the Chair
is involved in the continuing education and advanced
training of professionals. Conferences organized
by the Chair include the “Baden-Wuerttembergischen
Waste Days”, hosted together with the Environmental
Ministry of the Federal State of Baden-Wuerttemberg;
the waste management colloquia; the landfill seminars,
in association with the Environmental Protection
Agency of the Federal State of Baden-Wuerttemberg;
continuing education courses in cooperation with the
Society of Engineers for Water Management, Waste
Management and Agricultural Infrastructure (Bund der
Ingenieure für Wasserwirtschaft, Abfallwirtschaft und
Staff members are also involved in several committees,
including academic councils, professional associations
and advisory boards. Prof. Kranert is the
Chairman of the Joint Commission of Environmental
Engineering, and manager of this master program is
Dipl-Biol. Andreas Sihler. Prof. Kranert is also member
of the committees of the WASTE, WAREM, and MIP
study programmes. Since April 1st, 2011 Prof. Kranert
is the Dean of the Faculty fo Civil and Environmental
Engineering. Furthermore, Prof. Kranert is member
of the Alumni associations KONTAKT e.V. and WASTE
Club.
Additionally, Prof. Kranert is an active member of several
professional associations and commitees. These
include the German Institute of Stadardization (DIN),
the Association of German Engineers (VDI e.V.), the
Society of Engineers for Water Management, Waste
Management and Agricultural Infrastructure (Bund der
Ingenieure für Wasserwirtschaft, Abfallwirtschaft und
Kulturbau (BWK)), Working Group for the Valorization
of Municipal Solid Waste (Arbeitskreis zur Nutzbarmachung
von Siedlungsabfällen (ANS e.V.)), German
Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (DWA
e.V.), Association for Quality Control of Compost derived
from Sewage Sludge , Association for Quality Assurance
of Fertilization and Substrates (VQSD eV), the
ORBIT Association, the European Compost Network
(ECN), and the Federal Compost Quality Association
(Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost (BGK)). Prof. Kranert
is the chairman of the Quality Committee of the
BGK, the Chair of the Trustees of the Professors of
Waste Disposal Community for the German waste disposal
industry, spokesman for the Group of Professors
in Solid Waste Management in RETech under the initiative
of the Federal Environment Ministry and a member
of the Sustainability Advisory Board of the State of
Baden-Wuerttemberg.
Additionally, the chairholder serves as referee for several
research funding institutions, scholarship foundations
and accreditation agencies. Furthermore, several
staff members play a leading role in the Competence
Centre “Environmental Engineering” (Kompetenzzentrum
für Umweltschutz Region Stuttgart (KURS e.V.)).
81

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
International Cooperation Project
Indo-German-Center for Sustainability (IGCS)
am IIT-Madras, Solid Waste Management
Sustainable waste management
is one of the
most important issues in
emerging countries. On
the one hand side improper
solid waste management
causes serious environmental damages by polluting
water, air, soils and landscape and can affect
people’s health; in addition untreated methane emissions
from dumpsites and landfills increase the effect
of global warming. On the other hand side waste is a
resource. By re-use, recycling and recovery of waste
resource efficiency can be improved, energy and fertilizers
are saved and soils are ameliorated by increasing
fertility and water capacity. It also can lead to
income generation for the population by valorizing the
waste streams.
At the IGCS the focus will be on sustainable waste
management systems, especially on organic waste.
Organic waste covers more than two-thirds of municipal
solid waste in India. This waste has a very small
recycling quota in India up to now. By recycling this
waste fraction harmful emissions can be reduced on
a big scale, at the same time an organic fertilizer can
be produced by composting and renewable energy is
produced by biogas plants. Research aspects are potentials
of organic waste, (separate) collection, waste
composition, aerobic (composting) and anaerobic (biogas
production) processes and products from organic
waste. Beside biochemical, microbiological and process
oriented questions the link to energy, water and
land use plays an important role. Projects will include
different scales; from lab scale up to technical scale
new scientific findings will be generated. It has to be
mentioned that adapted solutions concerning the situation
in India and the very different socioeconomic
structures between rural areas and megacities have
to be taken into account. The cooperation between
scientists in India and Germany will be deepened. In
addition the link between theory and practice will be
intensified.
82

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Conferences – Seminars – Colloquia
Abfalltag Baden-Württemberg, 2011
„Rohstoffsicherung durch Abfallvermeidung und
Recycling“, Schirmherrschaft: Franz Untersteller MdL,
Minister für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft des
Landes Baden-Württemberg, 19. Oktober 2011, Haus
der Wirtschaft, Stuttgart
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 103, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3270-7
V. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage - TAKAG 2011,
„Handlungsstrategien und Technologien für eine
nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft“, 27.-30. September
2011, Universität Stuttgart
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 102, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3269-1
Doktorandenseminar 2011 in Neresheim,
18. bis zum 21. September 2011
Große Exkursion Umweltschutztechnik 2011
Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Universität Stuttgart, Juli 2011
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2011
„Nachsorge und Nachnutzung mit Programmteil Sufal-
Net4eu - Modellvorhaben für die nachhaltige Nachnutzung
von Deponien“, 16. März 2011, ISWA, Stuttgart
IV. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage - TAKAG 2010,
„Ressourcenschutz durch Umsetzung nachhaltiger
Abfallwirtschaft“, 25.-27. November 2010,
Izmir
IV. Türkisch-Deutsche Abfalltage - TAKAG 2010
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag GmbH,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3228-8
Abfalltag Baden-Württemberg, 2010
„Neue Perspektiven der Kreislaufwirtschaft - Anforderungen
an die Praxis“, Schirmherrschaft: Tanja
Gönner, Umweltministerin Baden-Württemberg,
4. November 2010, Haus der Wirtschaft, Stuttgart
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 100, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3229-5
Doktorandenseminar 2010 in Manigod
5. bis zum 8. September 2010, Manigod, Frankreich
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2010
„Perspektiven des Deponiebetriebs mit der neuen
Deponieverordnung“, 11. März 2010, ISWA, Stuttgart
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 99, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3199-1
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 101, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
ISBN 978-3-8356-3240-0
83

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Organisation and scientific advising of conferences
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert is member of the scientific advisory boards and organising comitees:
Conference Chairman:
Member of International Advisory Boards:
Abfalltag Baden-Württemberg 2011
Rohstoffsicherung durch Abfallvermeidung und
Recycling, Schirmherrschaft: Franz Untersteller MdL,
Minister für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
des Landes Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart,
19.Oktober 2011
V. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage - TAKAG 2011
Handlungsstrategien und Technologien für eine
nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft, in Kooperation mit
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ertuğrul Erdin, Prof. Dr. Nuri Azbar
und Assist. Prof. Dr. Görkem Akıncı, Stuttgart, 27.-
30. September 2011
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2011
Nachsorge und Nachnutzung mit Programmteil Sufal-
Net4eu - Modellvorhaben für die nachhaltige Nachnutzung
von Deponien, Stuttgart, 16. März 2011
IV. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage - TAKAG 2010
Ressourcenschutz durch Umsetzung nachhaltiger Abfallwirtschaft,
in Kooperation mit Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ertuğrul
Erdin, Prof. Dr. Nuri Azbar und Assist. Prof. Dr. Görkem
Akıncı, Izmir (Türkei), 25.-27. November 2010
SARDINIA 2011
13 th International Waste Management and Landfill
Symposium, Cagliari (Italien), 03.-07. Oktober 2011
GIS 2011
1 st International Conference on Waste Management in
Developing Countries and Transient Economies, Mauritius
(Afrika), 05.-08. September 2011
1. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft
Straubing, 29. - 30. März 2011
12. Münsteraner Abfallwirtschaftstage
Münster, 15.-16. Februar 2011
VENICE 2010
3 rd International Symposium on Energy from Biomass
and Waste, Venedig (Italien), 08.-11. November 2010
CRETE 2011
2 nd International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous
Waste Management, Chania (Griechenland),
05.-08. Oktober 2010
Abfalltag Baden-Württemberg 2010
Neue Perspektiven der Kreislaufwirtschaft - Anforderungen
an die Praxis, Schirmherrschaft: Tanja
Gönner, Umweltministerin Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart,
4. November 2010
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2010
Perspektiven des Deponiebetriebs mit der neuen
Deponieverordnung, Stuttgart, 11. März 2010
ORBIT 2010
7 th International Conference Organic Resources in the
Carbon Economy, Heraklion (Griechenland), 29. Juni -
03. Juli 2010
WasteEng
3 rd International Conference of Engineering for Waste
and Biomass Valorisation, Beijing (China), 17.-
19. Mai 2010
84

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Prizes and Awards
Nicolas Escalante, MSc., Scholarship from the
German Society for Waste Management (DGAW).
Samuel Sasu, MSc., First prize for best poster at
the 11th Annual IAHR-BW-Colloquium.
Han Zhu, MSc., Honorable mention in the category
‚oral presentation‘ at the 1st DGAW Research
Congress.
Gülsen Öncu, MSc., Honorable mention in the
category ‚poster presentation‘ at the 1st DGAW
Research Congress.
Group photo with the prize winners and
organizers:(from left to right): Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard
Rettenberger, Dipl.-Ing. Dennis Blöhse, DGAW-President
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Obermeier, M.Sc. Han Zhu,
Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Eva Hamatschek, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin
Faulstich (Photograh: Lehrstuhl für Rohstoff- und Energietechnologie,
TU München)
Samuel Sasu, MSc., received first prize for the best
poster
85

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Doctoral Dissertations
Treatment of Liquid Hazardous Waste and Industrial
Highly-Loaded Industrial Wastewater
by Photo-Fenton Process including Noxiousness
Assessment
Recently about 145 000 substances are identified
which play an important role in global economic life.
Since most of these substances sooner or later become
components of waste and wastewater, one of
the major tasks of environmental technology is to remove
these substances from the biosphere, mainly by
microbiological degradation in sewage plants.
In order to get rid of remaining hardly degradable hazardous
substances, chemical-technical destruction
methods prior to biological sewage treatment must be
developed – e.g. by using extremely strong oxidizers,
like OH radicals. This is the field of so-called AOP (Advanced
Oxidation processes), an appropriate technology
for problematic industrial wastewaters and liquid
wastes with volume flows of some m 3 /h. (Remark: In
the current work, the terms liquid hazardous waste
and industrial wastewater are used interchangeably
since in practice there is no difference between them).
Basic principle of the adapted short-term respirometry
tests
The main goal of the current work is the further technical
development of one of the most efficient AOPs
– the photo-Fenton process using high-power UV-C
radiation, hydrogen peroxide (H 2
O 2
) as an OH radical
source, iron-II ions as homogeneous catalysts and,
from case to case, titanium dioxide (TiO 2
) as a heterogeneous
catalyst. Thus, the photo-Fenton process for
the treatment of highly loaded and dark coloured industrial
wastewaters needs an adequate photoreactor.
Further investigations make it clear that conventional
reactors with submerged UV-radiators are not qualified
because of fouling problems concerning the UVradiator
quartz protection tubes.
Test facility in countinous flow operation (pilot scale)
Consequently a UV-Free Surface Reactor (UV-FSR),
developed at University of Stuttgart, was used which
is characterised by a contact-free arrangement between
the UV-radiator and the treated liquid. This was
achieved by positioning the unshielded UV-radiator a
few centimetres above the liquid’s surface. Therefore,
this reactor type has no fouling problems.
The UV-FSR was studied in a laboratory scale
(10 litres) with model wastewaters containing high
concentrations of hazardous substances such as phenol,
p-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, mixture of
phenols and 2,4-dinitrotoluene but also with two heavily
loaded real wastewaters. The reactor can be operated
batch wise or continuously.
Technical concept of the treatment plant under study
86

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Another decision must be made: which UV-radiator
type - low pressure radiator, medium pressure radiator
or excimer radiator - is the optimal one for an UV-FSR?
To this end, reactor characterisation numbers were
created which included the reactor’s UV-C power, reactor
volume and wastewater treatment time. Further
considerations of the pros and cons made it obvious
that the medium pressure UV-radiator is the optimal
one since it provides maximal UV-C power with a minimum
of required space on top of the UV-FSR.
Besides conventional wastewater analysis, the success
of treatment was evaluated by using a newly developed
short-term (5 minutes) noxiousness test based on
a modified activated sludge respiration test which was
carried out before and after photochemical treatment.
The noxiousness disappearance depends on the removal
of the amount of noxious substances which are
components of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), the
catalyst and H 2
O 2
addition during the treatment process.
Noxiousness disappeared completely if enough
H 2
O 2
and Fe-II ions are available. If H 2
O 2
and Fe-II ions
are deficient, the noxiousness is not much influenced.
- stage 2: Photochemical treatment with a 1 m 3 ,
34 kW UV-FSR for lowering phenol index
and cyanide of the aqueous phase.
- Stage 3: Heavy metal (zinc) hydroxidic precipitation
in a stirred tank reactor with subsequent
sludge treatment.
The photochemical processes were investigated in two
modes: photo-Fenton mode and TiO 2
mode. Both can
fulfil the limits and both have advantageous but also
disadvantageous ecological aspects: photo-Fenton
mode: effluent salinity increase, TiO 2
mode: handling
with the health risky TiO 2
powder.
The investment cost of the multi stage wastewater
treatment plant with a photochemical stage can be
estimated to 236,000 € (excluding cost for planning,
mounting and start-up), the running costs range about
96 €/m 3 . (For comparison: the current disposal route
for the wastewater is incineration in a hazardous waste
incineration plant, with a price of 400 €/m 3 ).
Ibrahim Abdel Hafiz Abdel Alim Abdel Fattah (2011)
Based on the experience with the laboratory scale UV-
FSR, another UV-FSR on a technical scale was studied
(1,000 litres, 2 x 17 kW). Step test tracer experiments
show that the 1 m3 reactor vessel is an almost ideally
mixed reactor, and short circuit flow and dead zones
are minimal.
Another important aspect was examined as well: the
transferability of pretest results from the 10-litre,
1.7 kW laboratory-scale UV-FSR to the 1,000-litre,
2 x 17 kW UV-FSR. For this purpose it was hypothesised
that the above-mentioned reactor characterisation
numbers are linearly related. This assumption was fully
confirmed and it was experimentally demonstrated
that the predictions concerning the most interesting
wastewater treatment times are definitely correct.
Based on these important pretests, the technicalscale
UV-FSR was applied in practice, using a wastewater
from an exhaust gas scrubber of an aluminium
foundry. The wastewater (up to 70 m 3 per month, COD
up to 50,000mg/L ) was highly loaded with noxious
pyrolysis products from resin decomposition and contains
oil and suspended matter as well. Depending
on the preset limit values for phenol index, cyanide
and zinc, a multi stage wastewater treatment concept
must be worked out. The concept shows that wastewater
treatment entails not only AOP, but needs pre
and post treatment stages, as follows:
- stage 1: Oil and sediment separation within a large
storage and calming tank.
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Co-Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Detlef Bahnemann
(Leibniz-Universität Hannover)
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Metzger
(Universität Stuttgart)
Ibrahim Abdel Hafiz Abdel Alim Abdel Fattah
„Treatment of Liquid Hazardous Waste and Industrial
Highly-Loaded Industrial Wastewater by Photo-
Fenton Process including Noxiousness Assessment“,
(2011), Forschungs- und Entwicklungssinstitut für Industrie-
und Siedlungswasserwirtschaft sowie Abfallwirtschaft
e.V. Stuttgart (FEI). München: Oldenbourg
Industrieverlag GmbH, 2011. (Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Abfallwirtschaft; Volume 102), 113 S., 62 pic.,
20 tables, ISBN 978-3-8356-3245-5
87

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Co-Supervision of Dissertations and Habilitations
Composting of organic waste: quantification and
assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (2010)
Jacob Kragh Andersen
Supervisor: Prof. Thomas Christensen PhD,
Department of Environmental Engineering,
Technical University of Denmark,
Kgs. Lyngby
Vom Substitutionspotential und der Energiebilanz
des Komposts zum Entwurf eines Effizienzpasses
für biologische Abfallbehandlungsanlagen
(2010)
Christian Springer
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Werner Bidlingmaier,
Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Co-Supervisor: Prof. Håkan Jönsson,
Institute of Energy and Technology,
Swedish Univerity of Agricultural Sciences,
Uppsala, Swden
Dissertation
Dissertation
Systematischer Ansatz zur Abschätzung länderspezifischer
Sachbilanzen im Rahmen der Ökobilanz
(2010)
Cecilia Tiemi Makishi Colodel
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Sedlbauer, Lehrstuhl
für Bauphysik, Universität
Stuttgart
Dissertation
88

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Editor of Books and Journals
Guest Editor: Jungbluth, Oechsner, Kranert, Kusch:
Special Issue: Biogas. Engineering in Life Sciences,
Wiley-VHC, Weinheim. In progress
Abfalltag 2011, Rohstoffsicherung durch Abfallvermeidung
und Recycling, Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Band 103, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
2011
Münsteraner Schriften zur Abfallwirtschaft, Band 14,
Münster, 2011 (Co-Editor)
Guest Editor: Kusch, S.; Kranert, M; Reiser, M.: Progress
in Landfill Management and Landfill Emission
Reduktion. International Journal of Environment and
Waste Management (IJEWM), Inderscience Publishers.
IJEEV3N4 2011
Treatment of Liquid Hazardous Waste and Highly-Loaded
Industrial Wastewater by Photo-Fenton Process
including Noxiousness Assessment,
Autor: Ibrahim Abdel Hafiz Abdel Alim Abdel Fattah,
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft, Volume
102, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2011
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2011, Nachsorge und
Nachnutzung mit Programmteil SufalNet4eu - Modellvorhaben
für die nachhaltige Nachnutzung von
Deponien, Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft,
Volume 101, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2011
Abfalltag 2010, Neue Perspektiven der Kreislaufwirtschaft
- Anforderungen an die Praxis, Stuttgarter Berichte
zur Abfallwirtschaft, Volume 100, Oldenbourg
Industrieverlag, 2010
Zeitgemäße Deponietechnik 2010, Perspektiven des
Deponiebetriebs mit der neuen Deponieverordnung,
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft, Volume 99,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2010
Kranert, Martin, Cord-Landwehr, Klaus: Einführung in
die Abfallwirtschaft, Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, 2010
V. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage - TAKAG 2011, Handlungsstrategien
und Technologien für eine nachhaltige
Kreislaufwirtschaft, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2011
(Co-Editor)
IV. Türkisch-Deutsche Abfalltage - TAKAG 2010, Ressourcenschutz
durch Umsetzung nachhaltiger Abfallwirtschaft,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2010
(Co-Editor)
Publications
2011
SASU, METZGER, KRANERT, KÜMMERER: Biodegration
of the Antituberculosis Drug Isoniazid in the Aquatic
Environment. CLEAN, Wiley VCH, submitted (2011)
KRANERT, KUSCH, HUANG, FISCHER: Anaerobic Digestion
of Waste. In Karagiannidis Hrsg.): Waste to Energy,
Springer-Verlag London (in print), 29 p. (2011)
KRANERT, FISCHER, LÖFFLER: Endbericht 2011 - Forschungsprojekt
„Biogene Gase - Unterer Lindenhof“;
Bioenergieforschungsplattform Baden-Württemberg.
AP 2: Modellierung und Steuerung; TP 2.2: Modellierung
und Steuerung von NaWaRo-Biogasanlagen
unter Einsatz einer innovativen online Messmethode
(NIRS), Steuerungssystem, Eigenverlag, (2011)
SASU, KÜMMERER, KRANERT: Assessment of pharmacentical
waste management at selected hospitals
and homes in Ghana. Waste Management and Research,
SAGE, accepted (2011)
WERNER, ZAPF-GOTTWICK, KOCH, FISCHER: Toxic
substances in Photovoltaic modules, Int. Conf. Photovoltaic,
Fukuoko, Japan , 30.11.2011, Proceedings
(2011)
KRANERT, HAFNER, BARABOSZ, SCHULLER: Nahrungsmittelabfälle,
eine unterschätzte Größe?
Humustag der Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost,
30.11.2011 in Fulda, published in conference proceedings
(2011)
LÖFFLER, KRANERT, FISCHER: Controll of anaerobic
digestion processes based on methane production
and the state of the process. Poster beim 12th IAHR-
BW Colloquium, Technical and social vulnarabilities
due to natural hazards, IAHR Young Scientist Forum,
an der Universität Stuttgart ausgestellt, 03.11.2011
(2011)
ZHOU, LÖFFLER, KRANERT: Model-based predictions
of anaerobic digestion of agricultural substrates for
biogas production. In: Bioresource Technology, Elsevier,
Issue 102, p. 10819-10828 (2011)
89

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
ZHU, REISER, KRANERT: Estimation of methane
emissions from landfills using laser measuring technology.
BIT‘s 1st Annual Low Carbon Earth Summit,
19.-26.10.2011, Dalian, China, Proceedings, pp.912
(2011)
ÖNCÜ, REISER, KRANERT: Aerobic in-situ stabilization
of landfill Konstanz Dorfweiher-leachate quality after
one year of operation. In: Proceedings SARDINIA
2011, Thirteenth International Waste Management
and Landfill Symposium, 3-7 October 2011, S. Margarita
die Pula, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. pp. 241-242
(Full paper in CD-ROM) (2011)
KRANERT, ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ: Future Megacities
- A challenge for waste management research.
1. International Conference on Waste management in
developing Countries and Transient economies,
Mauritius, 5.-9. September 2011, proceedings CD-
ROM, University of Mauritius, pages 1-12 (2011)
ESCALANTE: Sustainable Waste and Resource Management
Policy Design in Low and Middle-Income
Countries through Dynamic Modeling and Simulation.
In: 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics
Society. Juli 24-29, 2011 in Washington D.C.,
USA (2011)
KRANERT: Strategische Ansätze für eine nachhaltige
Kreislaufwirtschaft. 5. Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage,
Stuttgart, 27.-30. September 2011, in: Kranert et al
(Hrsg.): Proceedings Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage
2011, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, München, p. 103-
116 (2011)
KRANERT, ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ: Waste management
research in a future megacity. 5. Deutschbrasilianisches
Symposium Nachhaltige Entwicklung,
18. - 22.07.2011 Stuttgart, in Metzger et al (Ed.):
Book of Abstracts, Brasilianisches Zentrum Uni Tübingen,
p. 36 (2011)
PANIC, KUSCH, KRANERT: Mikrogasnetze - mehr Energieeffizienz
durch innovative Konzepte zur Verwertung
biogener Gase. in: Kranert et al (Ed.): Proceedings
Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage 2011,
p. 643-648 (2011)
ÖNCÜ, REISER, KRANERT: Leachate quality and
quantity during aerobic in situ stabilization of old
landfills (Poster article). In: Kranert et al (Ed.): Proceedings
Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage 2011,
p. 635-641 (2011)
KRANERT, CLAUSS: Stärkt die Wertstoff-Tonne das
Recycling? 20 Jahre Abfallwirtschaft, Herstellerentwicklung,
Produktpolitik, 14. - 15. September 2011.
In: Bilitewski et al (Ed.) Beiträge zur Abfallwirtschaft
und Altlasten, Volume 79 , Eigenverlag des Forums
für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten, Dresden 2011, p.
93-100 (2011)
FISCHER, HUANG, ESPINOZA: Integration of Bioplastics
in Solid Waste Management systems, International
Conference on Waste Management in Developing
Countries and Transient Economies, Mauritius, Africa,
Proceedings No. 104, 5.-9. September 2011 (2011)
KUSCH, SCHÄFER, KRANERT: Dry digestion of organic
residues. In: Sunil Kumar (Ed.): Integrated Waste
Management - Volume I. InTech, Rijeka, 2011, Chapter
7, p. 115-134 (2011)
STOCKL, LÖFFLER, OECHSNER, LEMMER, JUNG-
BLUTH, FISCHER, KRANERT: Überwachung und Regelung
des Biogasprozesses. Poster beim Symposium
„Perspektiven biogener Gase in Baden-Württemberg“,
04.07.2011 (2011)
ÖNCÜ, REISER, KRANERT: The change of nitrogen
loads in leachate during aerobic in situ stabilization
of an old landfill in Germany: Results after one year
of operation. In: Proceedings AGRO2011, 8th International
IWA Symposium on Waste Management Problems
in Agro Industries, 22-24 June 2011, Cesme,
Turkey, pp. 199-205, (2011)
STOCKL, LÖFFLER, OECHSNER, KRANERT: Online
Messung flüchtiger Fettsäuren im Biogasfermenter
mit Nah-Infrarot-Reflektions-Spektroskopie. In: VDI
(Hrsg.): VDI Wissensforum „Prozessmesstechnik in
der Biogasanlage“, 10.06.2011, Braunschweig. VDI
Wissensforum, p. 63-74 (2011)
HUANG, FISCHER, KRANERT: Economic and Ecological
Analysis of Household Biogas Plants in China , International
Conference on Waste Management in Developing
Countries and Transient Economies, Mauritius,
Africa, Proceedings No. 103, 5.-9. September 2011
(2011)
KRANERT, BERECHET, CLAUSS: „Graue Energie in
Konsumgütern - eine unterschätzte Größe. Müll und
Abfall 4/11, p. 158-162, (2011)
90

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
DOBSLAW, WILDE, ENGESSER: Potential waste air
treatment techniques for emissions out of sewage
sludge drying. In: Proceedings of Water & Industry
2011 IWA Specialist Conference Chemical Industry,
May 1-4, 2011, Valladolid, Spain, 11 pages (2011)
LÖFFLER, KRANERT, FISCHER: Control of anaerobic
digestion proecesses based on methane production
and the state of the process. In: Progress in biogas
II. Biogasproduktion aus landwirtschaftlicher Biomasse
und organischen Reststoffen; biogas production
from agricultural biomass and organic residues; International
congress, University of Hohenheim, March
30 - April 01, 2011. Kirchberg an der Jagst: Förderges.
für nachhaltige Biogas- und Bioenergienutzung
(FnBB e.V.), Teil 2 - Part 2, p. 113 - 116 (2011)
RYMKIEWICZ: GIS-basierte Modellierung der abfallwirtschaftlichen
Rahmendaten in den zukünftigen
Megastädten, Fallstudie Addis Ababa. In: Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. Tagungsband.
I. Wissenschaftskongress. Abfall- und Ressorcenwirtschaft.
Am 29. und 30. März 2011 in Straubing. Wissenschaftsverlag
Putbus, p. 219-224 (2011)
KRANERT, FISCHER, LÖFFLER: Sachbericht 2011 -
Zukunftsoffensive IV; Forschungsprojekt „Biogene
Gase – Unterer Lindenhof“; Bioenergieforschungsplattform
Baden-Württemberg. AP 2: Modellierung
und Steuerung; TP 2.2: Modellierung und Steuerung
von NaWaRo-Biogasanlagen unter Einsatz einer innovativen
online Messmethode (NIRS), Steuerungssystem,
März 2011 (2011)
LÖFFLER, KRANERT: Konzeption, Simulation und
Versuchsbetrieb der Regelung des Vergärungsprozesses
nach Methanproduktion und Prozesszustand.
In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V.
(DGAW) (Ed.) 1. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- Ressourcenwirtschaft
am 29. und 30. März 2011 in
Straubing. Wissenschaftsverlag Putbus, p. 91-96
(2011)
ÖNCÜ, REISER, KRANERT: Influence of aerobic in situ
stabilization of old landfills on leachate quality and
quantity (Poster article). In: Deutsche Gesellschaft
für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (DGAW) (Ed.) 1. Wissenschaftskongress
Abfall- Ressourcenwirtschaft am 29.
und 30. März 2011 in Straubing. Wissenschaftsverlag
Putbus, p. 315-318 (2011)
ESCALANTE: Sustainable policy design through dynamic
modeling and simulation of waste and resource
management in future megacities. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft
für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. Tagungsband.
I. Wissenschaftskongress. Abfall- und Ressorcenwirtschaft.
Am 29. und 30. März 2011 in Straubing, Wissenschaftsverlag
Putbus, p. 177-180 (2011)
ZHU, REISER, KRANERT: Evaluation of Landfill Methane
Emission Rates with Tuneable Diode Laser
Absorption Spectrometer. Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (DGAW) (Ed.) 1. Wissenschaftskongress
Abfall- Ressourcenwirtschaft am 29. und 30.
März 2011 in Straubing. Wissenschaftsverlag Putbus,
p. 137-139 (2011)
SASU, KRANERT, METZGER, KÜMMERER: Health
care waste management in Ghana- Case study on
Pharmaceutical waste. In: Tagungsband zum I. Wissenschaftskongress
Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft
am 29. und 30. März 2011 in Straubing / Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e. V. DGAW (2011),
Wissenschaftsverlag Putbus, p. 181-185 (2011)
BI: Framing GHG Mitigation and Income Generation
In MSW Management In Addis Ababa (A VER Case
Study). In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft
e.V. Tagungsband. I. Wissenschaftskongress.
Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft. Am 29. und 30.
März 2011 in Straubing, Wissenschaftsverlag Putbus
(2011)
KUSCH, AZODANLOO, FRANK, HAFNER, BACHLER,
KRANERT: Interdisciplinary approaches to advances
in sustainable biogas production in Europe. In: FnBB/
GERBIO (Ed.): Progress in Biogas II - Biogas production
from agricultural biomass and organic residues.
Proceedings of the International Congress Progress in
Biogas 2011, Stuttgart, p. 52-55 (2011)
KRANERT, CLAUSS: Die Wertstoff-Tonne - Hintergrund,
Motivation, Zielsetzung: 12. Münsteraner
Abfallwirtschaftstage, 15.-16.02.2011, Münster, in:
Flamme et al (Ed.),Conference Proceedings, Münster
(2011)
RYMKIEWICZ, ESCALANTE, KRANERT: Characterization
of the Waste Management System in Addis Ababa.
Wastesafe 2011, 2nd International Conference
on Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries.
Khulna, 13.-15.02.2011 (2011)
91

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ, KRANERT: Residential
Waste Quantification and Characterization in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. Wastesafe 2011, 2nd International
Conference on Solid Waste Management in Developing
Countries. Khulna, 13.-15.02.2011 (2011)
KRANERT, CLAUSS: Solid Waste Management - from
„end of pipe“ to sustainable solutions! 3rd Indo-
German Conference on Research for Sustainability:
Water and Waste Management. Organized by BMBF
and Department of Science and Technology,
Government of India, JJT Delhi, New Delhi, 3.-4. Febr.
2011, BMBF, Publishing, Bonn, p.42-46 (2011)
KRANERT, ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ: Megacities of
Tomorrow - a Challenge for Solid Waste Management.
3rd Indo-German Conference on Research for Sustainability:
Water and Waste Management. Organized
by BMBF and Department of Science and Technology,
Government of India, JJT Delhi, New Delhi, 3.-4. Febr.
2011, BMBF, Publishing, Bonn, p. 147-156 (2011)
PANIC, HAFNER, KRANERT, KUSCH: Mikrogasnetze
- eine innovative Lösung zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz
von Vergärungsanlagen. energie wasserpraxis,
2/2011, p. 18-23 (2011)
KUSCH, KRANERT, REISER: Preface to the Special
Issue ‚Progress in Landfill Management and Landfill
Emission Reduction’. International Journal of Environmental
Engineering (IJEE), vol. 3, no. 4, 2011,
p. 207-209 (2011)
KUSCH, SCHUMACHER, OECHSNER, SCHÄFER: Methane
yield of oat husks. In: Biomass and
Bioenergy 35, 2011, p. 2627-2633 (2011)
KUSCH, KRANERT, REISER (Hrsg): Special Issue on
Progress in Landfill Management and Landfill Emission
Reduction, Int. J. Environmental Engineering, Vol. 3,
Nos. 3/4, 2011 (2011)
SASU, KRANERT, METZGER, KÜMMERER: Investigating
pharmaceutical waste management in Ghana. A
glance at the world column of Waste Management on
issue 31(2011) 2361-2364 (2011)
KUSCH, AZODANLOO, FRANK, HAFNER, BACHLER,
KRANERT: Interdisciplinary approaches to advances
in sustainable biogas production in Europe. In: FnBB/
GERBIO (Ed.): Progress in Biogas II - Biogas production
from agricultural biomass and organic residues.
Proceedings of the International Congress Progress in
Biogas 2011, Stuttgart, p. 52-55 (2011)
KUSCH, KRANERT, BI, FISCHER: Influence of regulatory
frameworks on biogas plant types - the example
of Germany. BIT‘s 1st Annual World Congress of
Bioenergy, Dalian, China, 2011, proceedings, p. 225
(2011)
SASU, KRANERT, METZGER, KÜMMERER: Investigating
pharmaceutical waste management in Ghana. A
glance at the world column of Waste Management on
issue 31(2011) 2361-2364 (2011)
KUSCH, REISER, KRANERT (Hrsg.): Progress in Landfill
Management and Landfill Emission Reduction.
International Journal of Environmental Engineering
(IJEE), Guest Edited Special Issue, vol. 3, no. 4,
2011, p. 207-409 (2011)
REISER, LAUX, LHOTZKY, KRANERT: Pilotprojekt zur
Deponiebelüftung und Methanoxidation an der Deponie
Konstanz-Dorfweiher, Ergebnisse nach 1
Jahr Betriebszeit. Fachtagung Stillegung und Nachsorge
von Deponien, Trier 10. - 11. Januar 2011, in
Rettenberger, Stegmann (Ed.): Stilllegung und
Nachsorge von Deponien 2011. Verlag Abfall aktuell,
Stuttgart, 2011, p. 63-74 (2011)
DOBSLAW, ENGESSER: Degradation of 2-chlorotoluene
by Rhodococcus sp. OCT 10. Applied Microbiology
and Biotechnology, DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3543-
5 (2011)
2010
KRANERT, CORD-LANDWEHR: Herausgeber des
Lehrbuchs Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft.
Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden, 4 th Edition 2010,
665 pages (2010)
KRANERT, HUBER: Abfallwirtschaftliche Planung und
Abfallwirtschaftskonzepte auf Ebene der öffentlichrechtlichen
Entsorgungsträger. In: Kranert, Cord-
Landwehr (Ed.): Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft,
Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden, 4 th Edition, p. 459-494
(2010)
KRANERT, FISCHER, CIMATORIBUS: Biologische Verfahren.
In Kranert, Cord-Landwehr (Ed.): Einführung
in die Abfallwirtschaft, Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden,
4 th Edition, p. 185-292 (2010)
92

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
KRANERT, BIDLINGMAIER: Abfallvermeidung. In Kranert,
Cord-Landwehr (Ed.): Einführung in die Abfallwirtschaft,
Vieweg+Teubner, Wiesbaden, 4 th Edition
2010, p. 73-90 (2010)
KRANERT: Biologische Abfallverwertung - ein Beitrag
zum Klimaschutz? 17. Kolloquium Abfall und Altlasten,
TU Dresden am 09.12.2010, Conference Proceedings
(2010)
REISER, LAUX, KRANERT: In-situ Aerobisierung von
Altdeponien - das Projekt Deponie Dorfweiher. IV.
Deutsch-Türkische Abfalltage TAKAG 2010, 25. -
27. November 2010 in Izmir. In: Erdin, Kranert et al
(Ed.): Ressourcenschutz durch Umsetzung nachhaltiger
Abfallwirtschaft (TAKAG 2010), Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
München, p. 99 - 114 (2010)
KRANERT, CLAUSS, BERECHET: Graue Energie in Konsumgütern
- eine unterschätzte Größe. IV. Deutsch-
Türkische Abfalltage TAKAG 2010, 25. - 27. November
2010 in Izmir. In: Erdin, Kranert et al (Ed.):
Ressourcenschutz durch Umsetzung nachhaltiger
Abfallwirtschaft (TAKAG 2010), Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
München, p. 135-146 (2010)
RYMKIEWICZ, ESCALANTE, KRANERT: Megastädte
von Morgen – Eine Herausforderung für die Abfallwirtschaft“.
In: Umweltschutztechnik No 8. p. 10. (2010)
BI: Framing GHG Mitigation and Income Generation
in the Municipal Solid Waste Management of Addis
Ababa - A Case Study of VER. In: Konferenzband ‘Future
Megacities in Balance’ Young Researchers’
Syposium in Essen: Am 9. - 10. Oktober 2010,
Essen. p. 112-116. Organizer: Deutscher Akademischer
Austausch Dienst. (2010)
KRANERT, GOTTSCHALL, HAFNER, BRUNS, SCHIERE,
SEIBEL: Composting or energy recovery? The example
of green-waste based on CO 2
-balances. OVAM-Conference
„Don‘t waste your bio waste“ 21. September
2010, Brüssel, Conference Proceedings, 10 pages,
(2010)
ZHU, REISER, KRANERT: Contact-free methane
measurements on landfills using tunable diode laser
absorption spectrometer. Doktorandenschule Abfall
2010, Tagungsband zum 15. Doktorandenseminar
der Abfalltechnik, 5.-8.09.2010, Manigod, Frankreich.
pp.101-111 (2010)
KRANERT, CLAUSS, BERECHET, ESCALANTE: Evaluation
of Waste Management systems regarding the
balance of carbon dioxide and costs. Venice 2010,
3rd International Symposium on Energy from Biomass
and Waste. in: Cossu et al, Conference Proceedings
(CD-ROM) (6 pages) (2010)
ÖNCU, REISER, KRANERT: Influence of aerobic in situ
stabilization of old landfills on leachate quality and
quantity. In: Doktorandenschule Abfall 2010, Tagungsband
zum 15. Doktorandenseminar der Abfalltechnik,
pp. 43-52, 5.-8. September 2010,
Manigod, Frankreich (2010)
ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ, KRANERT: Understanding
waste management in a Megacity: experiences in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ISWA World Congress, 15.-
18. November 2010 in Hamburg, proceedings
(10 pages) (2010)
RAPF, RAUPENSTRAUCH, THOMANETZ, EDLINGER:
Rückgewinnung von Phosphor aus Klärschlamm. Depotech
2010, Leoben, Österreich, 3. bis 5. November
2010; Oral presentation without article in conference
proceedings (2010)
RAPF, PFLANTZ: Determination of the Biological Activity
of Industrial Wastes. Depotech 2010, Leoben,
Österreich, 3. bis 5. November 2010. Poster presentation
and article in conference proceedings, p. 769
- 772. (2010)
RYMKIEWICZ, ESCALANTE, KRANERT: Megastädte
von Morgen - eine wissenschaftliche Herausforderung
für die Abfallwirtschaft. Müll und Abfall 8/10, p. 371-
378 (2010)
LÖFFLER, KRANERT: Regelung des Vergärungsprozesses
basierend auf Methanproduktion und Prozesszustand.
In: Bohn (Ed.): Doktorandenschule Abfall
2010. Tagungsband zum 15. Doktorandenseminar der
Abfalltechnik, 5.-8.September 2010 in Manigod, Frankreich.
Darmstadt: Verein zur Förderung des Inst.
IWAR (Schriftenreihe IWAR, 211), p. 159-170 (2010)
KRANERT: Grünabfälle - besser kompostieren
oder energetisch verwerten? EdDE-Veranstaltung
14.09.2010 IFAT 2010 München: Klima- und Ressourcenschutz
durch Abfallwirtschaft - Forschungsergebnisse
des Kuratoriums der EdDE e.V., Conference
Proceedings (2010)
ESCALANTE, KRANERT, TSEGAYE: Residential
Waste Quantification and Characterization from
Households. Results from sorting analysis. IGNIS
Stakeholder Meeting 2010. Addis Ababa, 5.07.2010
(2010)
93

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
RYMKIEWICZ, TESHOME, SHIFERAW: Socioeconomic
data collection. Results of validation of different housing
types.” IGNIS Stakeholder Meeting 2010.
Addis Ababa, 5.07.2010 (2010)
LAUX, REISER, KRANERT: Pilot Scheme to Reduce
the Aftercare Period on the Dorfweiher Landfill by in
Situ Stabilization. ORBIT 2010, Organic Recources in
the Carbon Economy, 7th International Conference,
29.06.-03.07.2010, Heraklion Crete, Greece (2010),
Proceedings, page 178. CD-Rom, pages 930-937
(2010)
BERECHET, KRANERT, CLAUSS, ESCALANTE: Ecological
Evaluation of Different Separate Collection
Systems for Municipal Waste. ORBIT 2010, Organic
Recources in the Carbon Economy, 7th International
Conference, 29.06.-03.07.2010, Heraklion Crete,
Greece (2010), Proceedings, page 153, CD-ROM,
pages 823-829 (2010)
ANTONOPOULOS, KARAGIANNIDIS, KONTOGIANNI,
KRANERT, BERECHET, HAFNER, SCHMIDT, WEIDEMA,
BRUNNER, VILLENEUVE, LEMIERE, REJMAN-BUR-
ZYNSKA, JEDRRYSIK, DAXBECK: Forecasting Organic
Waste Quantities by Tracing Physical Flows and
Stocks of Resources in EU-27 For the Next 25 Years.
ORBIT 2010, Organic Recources in the Carbon Economy,
7th International Conference, 29.06.-03.07.2010,
Heraklion Crete, Greece (2010), Proceedings,
page 22; CD-ROM pages 109-116 (2010)
KUSCH, SALTER: Biogas made in England. Umwelt-
Magazin, Issue June 2010, p. 124-125 (2010)
FISCHER, HUANG: Traditional natural technology
together with new and helpful technologies for waste
management, International Conference on Environmental
Research and technology (ICERT), Proceedings,
p.1-6, 2.-4. Juni 2010, Penang, Malaysia
(2010)
ESCALANTE, RYMKIEWICZ, KRANERT: Municipal
Solid Waste Quantification and Characterisation in
emerging megacities Experiences from Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. ORBIT 2010, Organic Recources in the Carbon
Economy, 7th International Conference, 29.06.-
03.07.2010, Heraklion Crete, Greece (2010), Proceedings
page 246; CD-ROM, page 1187 (2010)
ESCALANTE, KRANERT, ASSEFA, MELAKU, GETANEH:
Methodological Development for the Characterization
of the Waste Management System and the Quantification
of Material Flows in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
ORBIT 2010, Organic Recources in the Carbon Economy,
7th International Conference, 29.06.-03.07.2010,
Heraklion Crete, Greece (2010) Proceedings, page
125, CD-ROM, pages 667-673 (2010)
LÖFFLER, KRANERT: Simulation-Based Evaluation of
Control Strategies for Anaerobic Digestion. Proceedings
page 71: ORBIT 2010, Organic Recources in
the Carbon Economy, 7th International Conference,
29.06.-03.07.2010, Heraklion Crete, Greece (2010),
ORBIT Proceedings, p. 398-405 (2010)
ZHU, REISER, KRANERT: Estimation of Methane
Emissions from Landfills Using a Tuneable Diode Laser
Absorption Spectrometer. ORBIT 2010, Organic
Recources in the Carbon Economy, 7th International
Conference, 29.06.-03.07.2010, Heraklion Crete,
Greece (2010), Proceedings, page 68, CD-ROM,
pages 381-388 (2010)
KRANERT, GOTTSCHALL, HAFNER, BRUNS, SEIBEL:
Kompostierung oder energetische Verwertung von
Grünabfällen? DWA-Seminar: Landwirtschaftliche und
landschaftsbauliche Verwertung von Klärschlämmen
und Bioabfällen. 19.-20. Mai 2010 in Marburg,
Conference Proceedings (12 pages) (2010)
COLODEL, SEDLBAUER, EYERER, KRANERT: Systematischer
Ansatz zur Abschätzung länderspezifischer
Produktökoprofile am Beispiel Portlandzement. Bauphysik
32 (2010), Issue 4, p. 233 - 239. (2010)
HUANG, FISCHER, KRANERT: Development of Biogas
Plants in Latin America and Africa. 3rd International
Conference on Engineering for Waste and Biomass
Valorisation. 17.-19.05.2010. Beijing, China, In: Nzihou,
Liu Book of Abstracts and CD, proceedings Ecole
des Mines d‘Albi Carmaux, Albi (F) (2010), page 161
(2010)
FISCHER, HUANG: Degradable plastics from renewable
resources, 3rd International Conference on
Engineering for Waste and Biomass Valorisation, Proceedings,
p.129-C, 17-19 Mai, 2010, Beijing, China
(2010)
HUANG, FISCHER, KRANERT: Household biogas plants
in rural area in China. International Conference on
Environmental Research and technology (ICERT).
2.-4.06.2010. Penang, Malaysia. Proceedings,
page 605-610. (2010)
94

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
KRANERT, CLAUSS, BERECHET, ESCALANTE: (17. -
19.05.2010): CO 2
-Balance of systems for separate
collection of recyclables. Development of Biogas
Plants in Latin America and Africa. 3rd International
Conference on Engineering for Waste and Biomass
Valorisation. 17.-19.05.2010. Beijing, China,
In: Nzihou, Liu Book of Abstracts and CD, proceedings
Ecole des Mines d‘Albi Carmaux, Albi (F)
(2010), p. 15 (2010)
FISCHER: Geruchsminderung bei Abfallverwertungsanlagen,
VDI-Wissensforum, Mannheim, 27.4.2010
(2010)
KRANERT, LÖFFLER, HUANG: Workshop Biogas in
China and Germany. Veranstaltung vom 26.04.2010.
Leipzig. Veranstalter: Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum
(DBFZ), Conference Proceedings (2010)
KRANERT, GOTTSCHALL, HAFNER, BRUNS, SCHIERE,
SEIBEL: Ökologischer und ökonomischer Vergleich
der stofflichen und energetischen Nutzung von Grünabfällen.
43. Essener Tagung, 17. - 19. März 2010,
Essen. In: Pinnekamp (Hrsg.): Gewässerschutz, Wasser
- Abwasser, Volume 220, p. 48/1-48/12, Aachen
2010 (2010)
KRANERT: Kreislaufwirtschaft - Luxus oder Notwendigkeit?
Göppinger Technikforum e.V., Göppingen
17. März 2010. Published in conference proceedings.
(2010)
WILDE, DOBSLAW, ENGESSER: Applicability and limits
of biological waste air treatment techniques.
In: TISD2010 - The 3rd Technology and Innovation
for Sustainable Development International Conference,
March 4-6, 2010, (2010), Nong Khai, Thailand,
6 pages (2010)
DOBSLAW, WOISKI, ENGESSER: Umsetzbarkeit der
TA-Luft 2002 in Altanlagen: Ein Biowäscher zur kombinierten
Behandlung von Abluft und Abwasser in
einem Sonderabfallbehandlungsbetrieb. CIT - Chemie
Ingenieur Technik, 82 (2010) Issue 12, p.2161-2170,
DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000117 (2010)
DOBSLAW, WILDE, ENGESSER: Möglichkeiten der ablufttechnischen
Behandlung von Emissionen aus der
Klärschlammtrocknung. VDI-Berichte 2110, p. 237-
242, (2010) Volume 2110, ISBN: 978-3-18-092110-5
(2010)
KRANERT, FISCHER, LÖFFLER: Sachbericht 2010 -
Zukunftsoffensive IV; Forschungsprojekt „Biogene
Gase – Unterer Lindenhof“; Bioenergieforschungsplattform
Baden-Württemberg. AP 2: Modellierung
und Steuerung; TP 2.2: Modellierung und Steuerung
von NaWaRo-Biogasanlagen unter Einsatz einer innovativen
online Messmethode (NIRS), Steuerungssystem,
Februar 2010 (2010)
SASU, KRANERT, METZGER, KÜMMERER: Assessing
Pharmaceutical Waste Management in Ghana-
Degradation of Antituberculosis in the Aquatic Environment.
In: Tagungsband des 6. Interuniversitären
Doktorandenseminar “Abfallmanagement-Stand der
Forschung an ausgewählten Lehrstühlen des
Abfallmanagements” der Universitäten Stuttgart, Weimar,
Essen, Innsbruck, Wien, Darmstadt (2010)
KUSCH, KRANERT, REISER: Preface to the Special
Issue ‚Progress in Landfill Management and Landfill
Emission Reduction’. International Journal (2010)
KRANERT, CLAUSS, BERECHET, ESCALANTE: Ökologische
Bewertung der getrennten Sammlung von
trockenen Wertstoffen aus Haushalten. 8. ASA-Abfalltage
24.- 26. Februar 2010 in Hannover. In: MBA-
Technologie-Schaltstelle für Stoffströme und Energieeffizienz.
ORBIT Weimar, p. 321-330 (2010)
KRANERT, GOTTSCHALL, BRUNS, HAFNER: Energy or
compost from green waste? - A CO 2
-based assessment.
Elsevier Waste Management 30 (2010), 697-
701 (2010)
95

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Contact
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Research Group Organic Resources
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65500 oder 65495
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: kranert@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Secretary´s office
Dr. sc. agr. Dipl.-Ing. Sigrid Kusch
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65409
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: sigrid.kusch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
(seit 01.10.2011 TU Dresden)
Gudrun Heinl
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65495
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: gudrun.heinl@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Central functions of teaching and research
IGNIS Research Project
M.Sc. Nicolas Escalante
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65456
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: nicolas.escalante@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß
Dipl.-Geogr. Agata Rymkiewicz
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65502
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: detlef.clauss@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65456
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: agata.rymkiewicz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Solid Waste
Biological Air Purification
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Karl-Heinrich Engesser
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65427
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: klaus.fischer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-63734
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63785
E-Mail: karl-h.engesser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Resource management and industrial recycling
Environmental Engineering study course
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65438
Fax:+49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: gerold.hafner@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Emissions
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65416
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: martin.reiser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Study course manager
Dipl.-Biol. Andreas Sihler
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65498
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: andreas.sihler@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Constanze Sanwald M.A.
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65413
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: constanze.sanwald@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
96

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
97

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Solid Waste Management
Research topics:
• Waste avoidance
• Development of new waste
management strategies
• Simulation of solid waste
management systems
• Collection and transport of solid
waste
• Recycling of valuable materials
• Biological treatment: composting
and fermentation
• New measurement methods for
the analysis of odour, dust and
germs
• Decentralized waste management
systems in tourist regions
• Physical and chemical analysis of
solid waste
In our job, we’re on top of the pile
Waste is a potentially valuable material in the wrong place. This statement is the central principle of many activities
of our municipal solid waste section. Focal points are avoidance, utilisation and environmentally friendly
treatment of municipal and commercial waste.
Both ecological and economical aspects are dealt with. It has been shown, e.g., that avoidance of waste in
commercial operations can be financially interesting for the companies concerned. We are intensively busy with
the question of how waste management of the future may look. Some questions here are: which waste types
should continue to be collected separately? Which mixtures of substances can be separated using new technical
methods? Can part of the waste be economically transported by rail? Several research projects are occupied
with the treatment of biological waste, among others with the questions: do pollutants exist in organic wastes?
Are these pollutants reduced during composting? What energy potential is concealed in organic waste, if they
are used in fermentation plants to generate biogas or employed in biomass power stations? For the creation of
waste management concepts for communities or counties, the simulation and modelling of waste streams and
utilisation techniques play a major role. Because even humans can become a waste problem from an ecological
point of view, we have carried out investigations on the ecological effects of burials and cremations. For a number
of communities, our investigations on decentral concepts for waste treatment in tourist regions are of particular
interest. These island solutions allow processes for waste and sewage treatment to be combined with the generation
of service water and power. Decentral and adapted technology is of prime importance for the sustainable
development of third-world and fast-developing countries. This is why we have established cooperation and joint
projects with institutions in Brazil, Costa Rica, Egypt, Turkey, China and other countries.
98

Solid Waste Management SIA
Research
Resource management in Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Waste and anthropogenic storage as a resource
Baden-Württemberg has worldwide an important task
as an industrial and technology centre. However, Baden-Wuerttemberg
is also a resource-poor state that
depends on imports for manufacturing its products.
The aim of this study is to determine the need of (raw)
materials and its quantities as well as to give an estimate
of which resources can be found within the state
and which imported materials can be replaced by own
resources. A special focus will be the recovery of valuable
materials from waste (from landfills, etc., or directly
from industrial material flows).
Financing Institution:
Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl. Ing. Sannah König
Duration:
10/2011 - 03/2012
Important Resources for Baden-Württemberg Industry
99

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
SEBE - Sustainaible and Innovative European
Biogas Environment
In the European strategy for achieving the responsibilities
of the Kyoto agreement, an ambitious target of
supplying 20 % of the total energy supply from RE was
set by the European national governments. One of the
future key technologies for achieving this target is the
production of biogas. But what type of technologies,
policy measures and framework conditions do we need
to promote and enforce the dissemination of biogas
technology in Europe?
The EU project SEBE (Sustainable and Innovative European
Biogas Environment) is the biggest biogas project
in the Central European region. Fourteen partners
from nine different countries (Austria, Germany, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia
and Slovenia) are striving together for one common
goal: the identification of legal, technological and economic
framework conditions for ensuring a sustainable
development of biogas technology in Europe.
One key output is the development of network of new
competence centers and knowledge transfer in new EU
member states that lacking experience in developing
innovative measures in the area biogas technology.
The chair of Waste Management and Emissions of the
University of Stuttgart is specifically dealing with the
innovative topic of micro-gas grids (MGG) as one of
the promising technical concepts for efficient use of
energy from biogas. Furthermore the University of
Stuttgart is also partly responsible for the assessment
of economic, legal and logistical framework conditions.
For the assessment of micro-gas grids a holistic approach
is being applied. The overall objective is the
analysis of the energy optimization potential of microgas
grids for conventional biogas routes (e.g. biogas
to CHP, biogas to bio-methane). Thereby economic,
ecologic and technical parameters of the micro-gas
concept will be analyzed.
Different Systems of Microgas Grids
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Solid Waste Management SIA
Concretely following research questions are to be assessed
in the micro-gas grid study?
• What type of MGG asserted oneself in Germany
and what future developments are to be expected?
• How can MGG provide for optimized energy provision
and what are necessary framework conditions?
• What are necessary realization steps for successful
implementation of MGG?
• What is the potential of MGG to contribute to accelerated
integration of bio-methane into the energy
market?
Based on the research results a guideline for biogas
operators and a regional concept is planned to be published.
Financing Institution:
EU DG Research
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dr. Sigrid Kusch
M. Sc. Olga Panic
Project Partner:
• ICS Internationalisierungscenter Steiermark
GmbH, Austria; Resource Management Agency
(RMA), Austria; Energiepark Bruck/Leitha, Austria
• Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water quality
and Solid Waste Management, Germany; Association
of promotion the use of Renewable Energies,
Germany
• Foundation for Sustainable Environment of South
Great Plain, Hungary
• Regional Development Agency, Poland; Central
Mining Institute, Poland
• ÖTGW-RCHS, Österreich-tschechische Gesellschaft,
Wirtschaft, Czech Republic
• Research Centre on Animal Production, Italy;
Environment Park S.p.A. - Science & Technology
Park for the Environment, Italy
• Romanian Association for Promotion of Renewable
Energy, Romania
• Citizenship Association No Gravity, Slovakia
• Scientific research centre Bistra Ptuj, Slovenia
Duration:
03/2010 - 02/2013
Visit of the Biogas Plant Cooperativa Agricola Territoriale in Corregio/Italy in October 2011
101

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Photovoltaic modules - environmental impact and
recycling opportunities
The „green technology“ photovoltaic also contains pollutants
that due to the global installation of photovoltaic
modules are distributed worldwide. Considering
that photovoltaic modules have an average life span of
20 years, the expected amount of waste PV modules
for the year 2030 results from the number of modules
produced in the year 2010. While 5000 t of PV module
waste were only expected in 2010, about 200000 t of
PV module waste (per year!) are expected worldwide
for the year 2030.
The research project addresses several questions,
such as whether pollutants of photovoltaic modules
can get into the environment? A particular question is
related with the possible contamination of rainwater
coming from drainages of roof areas where PV modules
are installed and its impact due to an infiltration
into soil filters (ecological stormwater management),
or an introduction into the local sewer system.
A question that has not been answered yet deals with
the consequences that might be expected if modules
or shredded module parts are not disposed of correctly
(e.g. through the municipal waste, waste glass containers).
The project also seeks to identify possible organization
ways for the collection of used PV modules and describe
possible requirements for an efficient recycling
system of waste modules.
Financing Institution:
Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Project Partner:
Lehrstuhl für Hydrochemie und Hydrobiologie,
Institut für Photovoltaik der Universität Stuttgart
Duration:
01/2010 - 11/2011
Broken parts of Photovoltaic modules
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Solid Waste Management SIA
City with Energy Efficiency - SEE Stuttgart
The project LAKE traced to the following objectives:
1. Development of a macroscopic balance model
2. Development of a microscopic model strategy
3. Identification of optimization potential
4. Creating a Road Map „energy“ by 2050
5. Implementation of identified actions
6. Evaluation of operations and performance review
Prerequisite for a sustainable society is in addition to
economic prosperity and social well-being also a healthy
environment. It is necessary to reduce emissions
of pollutants - in particular climate-relevant pollutants
- and to increase significantly the efficiency of resources
use. As undisputed the need for energy and resource
efficiency in society and politics is, so difficult
is the setting of concrete goals and the understanding
on the „right“ strategies and actions. Reasons for this
include the difficulties of assessing impact of measures
in the framework of formulation of policy / planning
strategies (overall effectiveness, as well as the contribution
of well targeted measures to achieve the objectives)
and the uncertainty about the nature and scope
of opportunity costs in the case of scope achievement
as well as the potential distributional effects of social
costs. A suitable tool for municipal planning strategy
may be models that allow assessing the effects of
various measures in terms of their individual as well as
cumulative effect. In this framework, with the project
SEE it is meant to develop a macro and a microscopic
balance and strategy model to support the development
of the local strategies and action planning.
The project SEE has the following objectives:
1. Development of a macroscopic balance model
2. Development of a microscopic strategy model
3. Identification of optimization potential
4. Creating a Road Map „energy“ up to 2050
5. Implementation of identified measures
6. Evaluation of measures and performance review
Key activities of the Chair of Solid Waste Management
and Exhausted Air:
• Macroscopic balance model for the energy
consumption of consumer goods in Stuttgart
• Microscopic balance and strategic model for energy
consumption of households in Stuttgart caused
by the consumption of goods
• Development and evaluation of measures in the
waste and consumption area
Optimization
potential
Balance and strategy
model
Implementation
Evaluation of
of optimization
performance
measures
Balance and strategy model
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
BMBF, Förderinitiative „Wettbewerb Energieeffiziente
Stadt“
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
M.Sc.agr. Annika Hilse
Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß
Projekt Partner:
Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart ,
EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG,
Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik,
Universität Stuttgart
• Institut für Eisenbahn- und Verkehrswesen (IEV)
• Institut für Raumordnung und Entwicklungsplanung
(IREUS)
• Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüteund
Abfallwirtschaft; Lehrstuhl für Abfallwirtschaft
und Abluft (ISWA, AFW)
• Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; Internationales
Zentrum für Kultur- und Technikforschung
(IZKT); Interdisziplinärer Forschungsschwerpunkt
Risiko und Nachhaltige Technikentwicklung
(ZIRN)
• Institut für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen; Lehrstuhl
für Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrsleittechnik
(VuV)
Duration:
04/2009 - 10/2014
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Composition of Municipal Solid Waste from selected
Urban Structures in Romania
In the framework of the increasing concern about the
environmental protection in Romania in year 2007 was
initiated a cooperation between the environmental ministries
Umwelt Ministerium Baden Württemberg and
Ministerul Mediului Romania. This cooperation was
meant to support Romania in finding the appropriate
solutions for the treatment of municipal solid waste.
The first step was to define the composition of the municipal
solid waste from Romania. In this scope, at the
request of Umwelt Ministerium Baden Württemberg,
the Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
and Solid Waste Management carried on the research
project in collaboration with “Politehnica” Timisoara
University, as well as Retim (Timisoara) and Goscom
(Vaslui).
In agreement with National Environmental Protection
Agency from Romania there were selected two locations
with different economic development levels,
Timisoara a city with a dynamic development and low
unemployment rates and Vaslui, a city with a precarious
economical situation and high unemployment
rates. Due to financial reasons Vaslui could not continue
participating in the project. Therefore the sorting
campaigns were organized only in Timisoara, in two
different seasons (summer and autumn).
Sorting waste in Timisoara
In Timisoara were analyzed the content of the container
from the conventional collection system as well as
the “wet container” from a new introduced collection
system, in which the “wet container” is meant for the
residual waste while the “dried container” for the recyclable
materials. The samples were collected from
residential areas with well determined features and
analyzed on the basis of the methods described by the
Guidelines Brandenburg.
The results indicated the presence of the biological waste
in a high percentage, as well as a high quantity
of plastics, paper and glass, therefore a considerable
potential for material and energy recovery.
Comparison Between 1-Container and 2-Containers Systems [Mass.-%-MS]
Organic waste
Organic waste (

Solid Waste Management SIA
Financing Institution:
Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl.-Ing., M.Sc. Mihaela Berechet
Dipl.-Ing. Oliver Schiere
Project Partner:
Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Siedlungswasserbau,
Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft - Lehrstuhl
für Abfallwirtschaft und Abluft; Universitatea Politehnica
„Timisoara“, Facultatea de Hidrotehnica;
Agentia Nationala de Protectie a Mediului; Retim
Ecologic Service SA; Goscom Vaslui SA
Duration:
2008-2009
Modelling and Control of Agricultural Biogas
Plants Including an Innovative Online Measuring
Method (NIRS), Control System
With the change of energy production to renewable
energies in progress, the amount of biogas plants, especially
of agricultural biogas plants utilizing manure
and energy crops, are continues growing. Due to limited
availability of (crop)land and keeping in mind maximum
levels of sustainable expansion of the biomassbased
anaerobic digestion technology, more and more
attention concentrates on technical as well as systemic
further development to use the existing potentials as
good as possible. This accounts especially for the potential
of systemic and technical – measurement and
process engineering – innovations for the actual pool
of existing biogas plants as well as for improvements in
the area of crop production. Thematically this is where
the research project “Modelling and Control of Agricultural
Biogas Plants” was established within the “research
platform on bioenergy, Baden-Württemberg”.
On the process level possibilities to optimize the operation
of the anaerobic digestion process with applicable
control strategies were investigated with the
help of process simulations (ADM1) and were then
tested in experiments within this project. The investigations
in this context refer to the utilization of the
Schematic set-up of the control strategy
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an innovative
online measuring method, which is investigated within
a partner project at the State Institute of Agricultural
Engineering and Bioenergy at the University of
Hohenheim. The online-availability of measurements
with NIRS, opens up the possibility to include those
measurements directly into the control of the process.
The control of the process aims to optimize the anaerobic
digestion process according to the settings of
the plant operator. Usability, automation, resource efficiency,
low-cost and easy implementation as well as
safety in terms of process stability and reliability of
the control are namely the further objectives a control
strategy developed has to accomplish. A control
strategy (s. figure 1) was developed, adjusted and tested
on the model, without cost- and time-consuming
actual experiments. Subsequently experiments were
conducted on lab-scale digesters. The general capability
of the developed control concept could be confirmed
in simulations and first operational experiments
(s. figure 2).
Financing Institution:
Federal State of Baden-Württemberg:
Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection,
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung gGmbH.
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Löffler
Project Partner:
Direct cooperation with: University of Hohenheim,
State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy
(LA 740)
Research platform on bioenergy, Baden-Württemberg:
University of Hohenheim, Reutlingen University;
University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg,
Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung
Baden Württemberg (ZSW), Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), University of Stuttgart
(IFK, IER), Ministry of environment, climate and energy
Baden-Württemberg
Duration:
10/2008 – 12/2011
Experimental and simulated results of the control operation
106

Solid Waste Management SIA
IGNIS – Income Generation and Climate Protection
through the Sustainable Valorisation of Municipal
Solid Wastes in Emerging Megacities (IGNIS)
Increasing urbanization in rapidly growing urban centres
in developing countries has lead to the increase
environmental pressure on natural resources, but at
the same time it opens an opportunity window for the
exploration of new approaches in order to help these
countries direct their efforts towards sustainable development.
The research project “IGNIS - Income Generation
and Climate Protection through the Sustainable
Valorisation of Municipal Solid Wastes in Emerging Megacities”
strives to develop a new concept for the improvement
of waste management and the local environment
while generating new workplaces, increasing
general welfare, considering occupational safety and
health and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Funded
by the German Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF) through it Future Megacities programme, the
IGNIS project takes on a systemic research approach
to resource recovery from wastes in large urban centres
in developing countries by implementing the project
in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. The project
consortium, composed by the AT-Association, the
Universitaet Stuttgart, the Institute for Future Energy
Systems and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, from Germany, and the Environmental
Development Agency for the Third World, Faculty of
Technology and the Centre for Regional and Local Development
Studies of the Addis Ababa University and
the Environmental Protection Agency of Addis Ababa,
from Ethiopia, will will holistically assess constraints
of the existing waste management system, introduce
decentralized pilot projects and evaluate their environmental,
economic and social impacts, develop a decision
support system and carry out extensive training
of the local authorities and personnel. At the end of
the project, the extent to which the results and insights
gained from research are transferable to other
emerging megacities will be evaluated.
Informal solid waste management in Addis Abeba-
September 2009
Socio-Economic Interview of Households in Addis
Abeba, November 2009
Within the scope of the IGNIS Project understanding
the material and energy flows that move through the
urban metabolism is of great importance in order
to establish their environmental, economic and social
relevance. Materials consumed by households,
commercial and public institutions are converted into
wastes and enter the municipal waste management
system. A large part of these materials are landfilled
without treatment or recovery, while only part of the
secondary resources with market value are recovered
and reintroduced in the economic cycle.
In most megacities in developing countries, the fate
of postconsumer materials, organic waste and other
residuals are not well known. This is a result of the
lack of a system of data collection along the waste management
chain. In many cases there is no systematic
recording and assessment of the amount of waste
collected and transported by the municipal or private
enterprises. Additionally, some of the final disposal
sites lack of a weighing bridge to register the amount
of residues landfilled and little or no information is
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
available about the streams of valuable materials recovered
and recycled. The previous situation is compounded
by the fact that large amounts of recyclables
are recovered by an army of informal waste pickers,
which is practically invisible to the waste management
authorities, that scavenge for materials on the streets
and at the final disposal sites.
Based on the case study of the Ethiopian capital, the
IGNIS project strives to structure the waste management
system by identifying the actors that determine
the dynamics of the system and by quantifying the
material flows. For this purpose the project consortium
is currently developing a methodology to characterize
in detail how the different subsectors of the waste
management chain function. This involves eliciting
which factors influence the performance of the collection,
transportation and street sweeping sector, which
interactions determine how much material is recovered
and recycled by both the formal and informal recovery
sectors, and what are the reasons for the amount
of waste currently being disposed.
In order to guarantee that the project findings are well
founded, a reliable data basis must be collected. This
data basis includes relevant information of spatial,
socioeconomic, and waste management structures,
which in many cases is missing or incomplete. The
quantification and characterization of the resource potential
in the municipal wastes being generated actually
and in the future is a key step towards completing
this data pool. Especially for planning purposes, it is
not enough to know the composition of the waste, but
also the per capita waste generation. For this purpose,
standard methodologies used in industrialized countries
for the characterization and quantification of municipal
solid wastes have been taken as a basis, and
have been adapted and synthesized into a solid waste
analysis procedure appropriate for considering the restrictions
and local conditions.
Since working conditions during waste collection and
sorting were not comparable with the European situation,
occupational safety and health standards for the
respective activities had to be adapted as well by using
Residential waste sorting analysis
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Solid Waste Management SIA
the locally procurable means. Efficient and inexpensive
solutions on a low technical level were developed and
integrated into the solid waste analysis procedure.
As a result of the methodological development and validation,
an applicable waste sorting analysis procedure
was achieved, while finding a compromise between
data quality, workers safety and health and available
resources. Furthermore, since standard sample survey
techniques have been taken into consideration, sampling
errors and uncertainty levels have been accounted
for, thus guaranteeing the collection of statistically
representative data.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung -
BMBF
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dipl.-Geogr. Agata Rymkiewicz
M.Sc. Nicolas Escalante
Project Partner:
Universität Stuttgart, Lehrstuhl für Abfallwirtschaft
und Abluft; Verband zur Förderung angepasster,
sozial- und umweltverträglicher Technologien e.V.
(AT-Verband); Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und
Arbeitsmedizin (BAUA); Institut für Zukunftsenergiesysteme
(IZES); Environmental Development Action
in the Third World (ENDA); Addis Abeba Universität,
Faculty of Technology; Addis Abeba Universität, Institute
of Regional and Local Development Studies;
Addis Abeba Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Duration:
June2008 - June 2013;
Project evalution autumn 2010
Internet:
www.p-42.de/ignis
GIS Map, Socio-Economic Interview of Households in Addis Abeba, November 2009
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Development of new technologies for production
and application of plastics from renewable resources.
The annual output of petrochemical plastics of the global
production from crude oil is more than 300 million
tonnes. Plastics are used in numerous applications for
our daily life. But after their useful life as plastics materials
they will be disposed in landfills, dumpsites, or
delivered to composting plants or to incinerators. The
degradability in general is very slow, in the case of
landfills we are expecting to last hundreds of years. In
incinerators they are used for producing energy, but
with this oxidising process plastics from crude oils are
contributing to increasing amounts of the greenhouse
gas carbon dioxide (CO 2
).
Degradability of plastics is known as a non biotic process
with the influence of UV, light and oxygen. A second
way for degradation is the biological influence
of micro organisms. Also some of the petrochemical
plastics can be biologically degraded, e.g. polyesters.
But also in this case we will have increasing amounts
of the greenhouse gas CO 2
.
Degradability of lignin based bioplastic - Respirometric
Test
Therefore during the last years new plastics were developed,
plastics from renewable resources and biologically
degradable by micro organisms.
Our own project research was done with a very new
degradable plastic from lignin, a by-product in the cellulose
pulping process for papermaking .The degradability
of this new product based on lignin was tested
in aerobic conditions with respirometric tests and also
in a composting process. The velocity of the degradation
process is depending on the composition of the
plastics. In the respirometric tests we found for the
different products a degradation rate of about 30% up
to 80 % in a time of 80 days, using longer testing time,
the degradation rate was increasing up to 50 % up to
100 % in 120 days.
Plastics have an important impact on the environment.
Bioplastics can be produced from renewable raw material
and are partially biologically degradable. Currently
the production of bioplastics is relatively low. In the
case of bigger amounts this material should be integrated
in the waste management. The new bioplastics
based on lignin that we have analyzed could be considered
as well degradable in the respirometric tests.
The usability for many applications seems to be really
good. As it is a material from renewable resources, the
degradation process will not give any influence to the
greenhouse effect.
Degradability of lignin based bioplastic - Respirometric
Test
Sponsorship:
AIF
Projekt partner:
• Fa. Tecnaro GmbH
• Fa. Bauer Kunststofftechnik
• Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüteund
Abfallwirtschaft; Lehrstuhl für Abfallwirtschaft
und Abluft (ISWA, AFW)
Duration:
April 2008 - March 2010
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl.-Ing. Jingjing Huang
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Solid Waste Management SIA
WasteNet – A new international network for research
activities in the area of sustainable solid
waste management
WasteNet brings together 12 partners from 3 continents
committed to action for conflict transformation
through sharing of skills, knowledge, experiences and
resources in the area of sustainable solid waste management.
WasteNet members from universities and
institutions participating in the programme are as follows.
countries with advanced know-how about waste management
and treatment technologies are unaware of
the research and policy needs in developing countries,
being unable to access these potential markets.
Through the establishment of an international knowledge
network for the advancement of sustainable and
appropriate waste management both issues can be
addressed. In this sense, WasteNet strengthens the
international research in sustainable and appropriate
waste management strategies and technologies.
Latin America: Costa Rica, Bolivia, Columbia, Brazil,
Chile
Asia: China, Malaysia und Thailand
Europe: Finland, Turkey und Germany.
Aim of WasteNet?
Developing countries have sometimes restricted access
to information sources concerning solid and hazardous
waste management which has led to a generalised
lack of knowledge about the problem, resulting
in nonexistent, inappropriate or incomplete technical,
political and operational measures. On the other hand,
WasteNet can thereby act as a platform for communication
with its highly qualified scientists from Latin
America, Asia and Europe to intensify multilateral exchange
of experiences and knowledge in the field of
waste management.
The first meeting of Latin America Partner took place
in October 2007 in Bogota, Columbia. Despite some
differences between individual partner countries, the
evaluation of solid waste management in urban and
rural areas has shown a surprisingly high compliance.
Recyclable Waste Seperation in Bogota
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
One important insight gained through this meeting is:
Whereas almost all big cities in each partner country
can ensure a relatively good collection and treatment
of waste, the situation in the rural areas is yet completely
unsatisfying. In many cases only a minor part
of the waste collected, the disposal happens in illegal
dump sites, in rivers or anywhere in the landscape.
Even that the situation in the partner countries is not
entirely comparable, our estimations still show that
more than 50% of waste appearance occurs in rural
areas and therefore is treated inadequately. The environmental
impact on soil, ground and surface water
and on the atmosphere is without any doubts profound.
A further critical point has been elaborated: Waste
from hospitals and hazardous waste (industrial as
well as household waste, e.g. batteries or fluorescent
tubes). As one of the first Latin-American countries,
Columbia compiles a cadastral register of hazardous
waste. The next step will be the development of waste
treatment and disposal facility plants.
Results, examples and other useful information including
dictionary for solid waste management in German,
English, Spanish can be found in our website
www.wastenet.de .
Financing institution:
EU, DG International Cooperation INCO
Project partner:
• Costa Rica; Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro
de Montes de Oca, San Jose
• Brazil; Centro Integrado de Tecnologia e Educação
Profissional da Cidade Industrial de Curitiba
• Bolivia; Catholic Bolivian University „San Pablo“,
La Paz
• Chile; Technical University Federico Santa María,
Valparaiso
• Colombia; Los Andes University, Bogota
• Thailand; King Mongkut‘s Institute of Technology
North Bangkok
• Malaysia; University Sains Malaysia, Penang
Duration:
2007 - 2008
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
M.Sc. Angkhana Klongkarn
M.Sc. Maria Espinoza
Photo of Participants - WasteNet Meeting at Los Andes University in Bogota /Columbia
112

Solid Waste Management SIA
FORWAST: Project full title: Overall mapping of
physical flows and stocks of resources to forecast
waste quantities in Europe and identify lifecycle
environmental stakes of waste prevention
and recycling.
Project summary:
The FORWAST project intends to provide:
• an inventory of the historically cumulated physical
stock of materials in EU-27 (EU-25 plus Romania
and Bulgaria), and to forecast the expected
amounts of waste generated, per resource category,
in the next 25 years.
• an assessment of the life-cycle wide environmental
impacts from different scenarios of waste prevention,
recycling and waste treatment in the EU-
27.
The work programme is designed to favour the synergy
between these objectives, by applying a generic model
for material flows, stocks and emissions. The proposed
model is an environmentally extended, physical,
quasi-dynamic input-output model. This model combined
with a robust method of Material Flow Analysis
will guide the mining of new data, which is the main
focus of the project. It will take place as a combination
of “in-depth” studies in selected countries where highquality
statistics are available, and an EU-wide effort
consolidating and calibrating different statistical and
technical data sources.
The model will be applied to historical time series of
resource inflows into the economy, and calibrated to
known quantities of waste generation, the core question
being to estimate coefficients for stocks life time
for the different materials (sand/gravel, wood, metals,
paper, etc.) and interpret dynamically the causes of
the variation of stocks (accumulation versus waste generation
or dispersive losses).
The policy relevance of the project will be strengthened
by the definition of 25 years horizon scenarios of
waste generation combined with technological options
for waste prevention and recycling. The waste with the
higher stakes to reduce environmental pressures will
be assessed trough simulations.
It is expected that the FORWAST project will bring a
new insight into Life Cycle Thinking, and above all,
more confidence in the use of environmental indicators
in natural resources and waste management policies.
Project objective(s):
The FORWAST project intends to provide comprehensive
and validated data on the material flows, stocks
and environmental pressures coming from the different
sectors of the life cycle of resources to waste.
In the wider context of sustainable development and
environment protection, the connections between
the use of natural resources, their accumulation in
Conceptual system description
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Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
economy and waste generation and management need
to be more clearly understood. Waste management policies
may affect potentially all sectors. Their influence
on the use of natural resources must also account for
the potential recovery of these resources from stocks,
the technical and economical constraints of recycling,
the side effects on the by-products associated with natural
resources, and at the end, the global balance of
the environmental costs and benefits.
The current uncertainties on the environmental stakes
of waste policies are pre-dominantly due to a lack of
real physical data on the quantities and qualities of
flows of resources, either natural or coming from waste
recovery. Particularly important for the latter is to
account for the actual stocks of these resources that
will end-up in the waste flows in the future.
The objectives of the proposed FORWAST project are
therefore to:
• Provide an inventory of the historically cumulated
physical stock of materials in EU-27 (EU-25 plus
Romania and Bulgaria), and to forecast the expected
amounts of waste generated, per resource
category, in the next 25 years.
• Provide an assessment of the life-cycle wide environmental
impacts from different scenarios of
waste prevention, recycling and waste treatment
in the EU-27.
With this STREP proposal, sound experiences on resources
and waste management are combined in order
to give direct decision and policy support. The partnership
experience is mainly characterised by:
• European and National experience in policy support;
• The access to data from various countries (particularly
East and South);
• Availability of a successfully applied assessment
tool (NAMEA, MFA), along with more insight in
processes for various waste streams (AWAST simulator);
• An extensive network in resources and waste management.
The project aims at accounting for all sectors in the
economy (the figure below shows a possible conceptual
organisation of the system) the flows, stocks and
linked environmental pressures to increase the reliability
of source data used in “Life Cycle Approaches” to
waste management issues.
Waste policies influence the „primary production“ due
to recycling and prevention, the „manufacturing and
consumption“ stages due to recycling, reuse and prevention
and the „waste management“ sector. The input/output
(I/O) balance of each stage is (dynamically)
linked to the others.
Materials balance for sand and Gravel in Austria 2001
114

Solid Waste Management SIA
As an example, the following figure shows the situation
of sand and gravels in Austria. The net balance
between the consumption and the stock (104-10 Tg/
year) represent the net balance of the primary sector
(105-9 Tg/year), which means that the evolution of
this stock (age) is of primary importance for a policy
aiming at resources saving.
The difficulties of establishing that type of figure for
resources saving in Europe are at two levels:
• Data quality: considering the disparity of I/O country
data quality in the EU, it is anticipated to set
out a global mapping of materials cycles in three
steps: 1) elaboration of a global model for matter
balance applicable in all countries, 2) calculation
of the so-called “transfer coefficients” with “reliable
and complete” country data (four countries),
and 3) extension to EU-27 macro-economic data.
• Completeness: considering the variety of resources,
and eventually associated secondary resources
(as in ores), and their mixed occurrence in the
products, it will be necessary to combine the “materials
flows and stocks setting” approach with a
more global Input/output modelling for individual
countries and for EU.
Further, the objective is to forecast the waste generation
in the next 25 years. The need is to establish
a relation between stocks quantities and qualities and
waste generation, the core question being to estimate
stocks life time for the different materials (sand/gravel,
wood, metals, paper, etc.), products and waste
types, and interpret dynamically the causes of the variation
of stocks (accumulation versus waste generation
or dispersive losses).
As a result, the following support can be given directly
to policy and decision makers:
• Estimation of the material stock of the EU-27.
• Overall mapping of environmental pressures of
waste, enabling an understanding of the environmental
issues of waste;
• As a result of scenarios simulations, links between
the stocks and waste generation in terms of quantities
and quality/composition in the next 25 years.
Additionally, the “leaks” of materials in the system
above mentioned as “uncontrolled waste disposal”
point out the difficulties in making reliable balances
on materials life-cycle. These quantified data anyhow
allow the drawing of tracks of interpretation. These will
be explored providing the knowledge gaps to be filled
for assessing the environmental impacts over the entire
life cycle including dispersive losses of the physical
stocks to the environment (e.g. corrosion and weathering)
and losses of materials as a result of materials
management (e.g. transport and processing), including
energy use of recycling.
Financing Institution:
EU DG Research
Contact:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Project Partner:
• Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières,
Orléans
• 2.-0 LCA consultants ApS, Copenhagen
• Resource Management Agency, Vienna
• University of Technology - Institute for Water
Quality and Waste Management, Vienna
• University of Stuttgart – Institute of Sanitary,
Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
• Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Central Mining Institute, Katowice
Duration:
2007 - 2009
Internet:
http://forwast.brgm.fr/
The identification of the costs and benefits associated
with:
• Prevention of the wastes has the highest potential
to reduce the environmental pressures on
the use of resources;
• Recovery or recycling of the waste has the
highest potential to reduce the environmental
pressures on the use of resources; and
• Treatment of the wastes is the most polluting.
115

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Internationale Lehrexporte
Summer School Brasilien
In cooperation with FUNDACENTRO Sao Paulo (Fundacao
Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Seguranca e Medicina
do Trabalho), SENAI Curitiba (Serviço Nacional
de Aprendizagem Industrial), CEFET Curitiba (Centro
Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana) and JAP
(Instituto Ambiental do Paranà) in the following cities
summer schools were given in Sao Paulo, Curitiba
( Parana), Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) and Recife
(Pernambuco).
The contents are:
• Sanitary Engineering
• Mechanical and Biological Waste Treatment
• Design of Solid Waste Treatment Plants
• Industrial waste and contaminated sites
• Biological Waste air purification and adsorption
• Environmental relevance of solid waste and waste
water
Summer School Curitiba (Parana)
Summer School Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo)
Summer School Recife (Pernambuco)
116

Solid Waste Management SIA
Cooperation with the Guangxi University in Nanning,
Guangxi, China
The Guangxi University is one of the largest and most
important universities in southern China. The Institute
of Environmental Engineering concentrates on many
issues, which include the treatment of municipal and
industrial waste, landfill technology and thermal waste
treatment. A particular focus lies on the anaerobic
treatment of organic household waste, which is carried
out in cooperation with the Ministry of Forestry.
Guangxi is the Chinese Centre for the Development of
anaerobic technologies. The program for the construction
and dissemination of decentralized biogas digesters
is supervised from here. In the meanwhile, there
are operating about 25 million of such small biogas
plants in China.
The collaboration between the Institute of Environmental
Engineering of the Guangxi University and the
Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and
Waste Management of the University of Stuttgart is
mainly based on the field of digestion plants. The experiences
gained during the long running time of these
small decentralized plants in China and the large
central plants in Europe may lead to new fruitful approaches
for this technology.
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl. Ing. Jingjing Huang
Project Partner:
• Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüteund
Abfallwirtschaft - Lehrstuhl für Abfallwirtschaft
und Abluft
• Guangxi University in Nanning, Guangxi, China
• Ministerium für Forstwirtschaft
Decentral biogas plant with a toilet in a village near Nanning, Guangxi, China
117

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Cooperation with the Universidad Católica Boliviana
« San Pablo », in La Paz, Bolivia
In collaboration between the Department
of Civil Engineering of
the Universidad Católica Boliviana
and the Institute of Sanitary
Engineering, Water Quality and
Waste Management of the University
of Stuttgart, an exchange
of know-how and information is
taking place in all the fields of
environmental technology and
environmental analysis with a focus on waste management.
This cooperation developed on the basis of the
EU project WasteNet, which is going to be continued
in other fields, including student exchange to carry out
Bachelor and Master Thesis. In addition to this, block
courses will be offered in La Paz for several degree
courses in the fields of environmental engineering and
environmental analysis. An intensive know-how exchange
is taking place with regards to biological waste
treatment with emphasis on digestion plants. Other
priorities include the recycling of waste tires, mining
waste, hazardous household waste and the recovery
and treatment of electrical and electronic wastes.
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
M.Sc. Maria Alejandra Espinoza
Project Partner:
• Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüteund
Abfallwirtschaft - Lehrstuhl für Abfallwirtschaft
und Abluft
• Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de la Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas e Ingeniería de la Universidad
Católica Boliviana « San Pablo
Landfill with leachate ponds in La Paz
118

Solid Waste Management SIA
Master Course EDUBRAS-MAUI in Curitiba/Brazil
The Master’s programme in Environmental Protection
Engineering is introduced at the public university “Universidade
Federal do Paraná – UFPR” in Curitiba in July
2007. The programme runs over 4 semesters and ends
with a Master of Science degree that is to be recognized
in Brazil and Germany. The project aims to
combine university teaching and research, initially
in close cooperation with the University of Stuttgart
and later by creating a respective infrastructure at the
UFPR.
Financing Institution:
DAAD - FUNDACENTRO Brasilien
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß
Project Partner:
FUNDACENTRO - SENAI - IAP - CEFET
ISWA (SIA & IWT)
The teaching is delivered in Portuguese and German.
German language teaching is offered in a course integrated
format to intensify contacts with Germany.
Lecturers from Germany together with lecturers from
Brazil are designing the course teaching .The programme
structure offers plenty of scope for academic
participation, with positions to be filled by Germans
and Brazilians.
Independent Studies
Diploma Thesis
Scrap Tires, Diagnosis of the current situation in
Mexico
Gisela Tejada (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
Treatment processes for infectious wastes
Widita Vidyaningrum (WASTE) (2011)
Abfallwirtschaftliche Betrachtung des Recyclings
von Photovoltaik-Modulen am Beispiel China und
Japan
Ting He (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
Konsumverhalten und Entstehung von Lebensmittelabfällen
in Musterhaushalten
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Green house gases and other pollutants in Iraq
Sawsan Mohamed (WAREM) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Options for collection and Transportation in
Makkah
Yusoff Mohd Famey (WASTE) (2010)
Jakob Barabosz (UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Modellierung der Wärmeausbreitung von Feuchtesensoren
zur Biofilterüberwachung
Jan-Filip Lutz (UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
Erarbeitung der Grundlagen zur Einführung der
Umweltmanagementnorm DIN EN ISO14001
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Raphael Degler (UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
119

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Alliances and Partnerships in Recycling in Cape
Town, South Africa
Verwertung und Entsorgung von Baggergut aus
Flüssen
Jeannine Tischler (Geographie) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Alessandra Heinrich (EDUBRAS) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr. J. Metzger
Computer Recycling possibilities and Green
Computing
Abfallwirtschaftliche Varianten für Curitiba/
Brasilien
Eric Thöni –Hortal (ERASMUS) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Werner Kessler (EDUBRAS) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr. J. Metzger
Untersuchungen zur Anpassung des AT4-Tests
an industrielle Abfälle
Vergleich der gesetzlichen Regelungen für Krankenhausabfälle
in Brasilien und Deutschland
Raffaela Pflanz (UMW) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Matilde Soares (EDUBRAS) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Menzel
Bachelor Thesis
Recycling von Kunststoffen und die Anwendbarkeit
auf biologisch abbaubare Kunststoffe
Nataly Kreutter (Erneuerbare Energien Universität
Hohenheim) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr. Müller
Recycling von Photovoltaikanlagen
Dominik Maier (Erneuerbare Energien Universität
Hohenheim) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr. Müller
Master Thesis
Greenhouse gas emissions from composting, incineration
and landfill treatment methods
Cristhel Denise Mora Cavazos (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
Municipal solid waste treatment proposal for
Makkah Municipality
Famey Bin Yussuf (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser
120

Solid Waste Management SIA
Contact
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Laboratory
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65427
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: klaus.fischer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Research Assistants
Dipl.-Ing., M.Sc. Mihaela Berechet
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-62567
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: mihaela.berechet@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
CTA Axel Goschnick
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63712
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: axel.goschnick@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
CTA Catharina Le Huray-Horel
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65436
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: r.catharina.horel@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
M.Sc. Nicolas Escalante
Doctorial Candidates
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65456
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: nicolas.escalante@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
MSc. Maria Alejandra Espinoza
M.Sc. Ke Bi
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-60356
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: ke.b@daad-alumni.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65477
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: maria.espinoza@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Jingjing Huang
Dipl.-Ing. Marie-Emilie Mollaret
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-67635
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: m-emilie.mollaret@cemagref.fr
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65477
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: jingjing.huang@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Löffler
M.Sc. Carlos Pacheco
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63709
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: carlos.pacheco@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-62567
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: daniel.loeffler@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
MSc. Olga Panic
M.Sc. Samuel Sasu
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65379
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: samuel.sasu@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63759
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: olga.panic@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Geogr. Agata Rymkiewicz
MSc. Sebnem Bastan Yilman
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-62567
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: sebnem.bastan-yilman@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65456
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: agata.rymkiewicz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
121

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Resources Management and Industrial Waste
Research topics:
• Waste and resources
management in industry
and public bodies
• System optimization by material
and substance balancing
• Food and food waste balances
and prevention strategies
• Thermo-chemical recovery of
phosphorus from sewage sludge
ash
• Dangerous reactions and
emissions caused by
industrial wastes
• Wet oxidation of liquid
hazardous wastes
• Pyrolysis of organic residues
With our help there‘ll be not much left for your bin
Concerning problems from industry and public bodies, RIK’s expertise covers the preparation of material and
substance balances, development of management systems and technical processes to prevent, recycle and treat
all kinds of wastes and residues. With most of its projects, RIK aims to turn waste management in real closed
loop recycling management.
Currently we are working on the following topics: • Sustainable management and use of the resource „food“:
We sum up and balance the amounts of disposed food and food waste in Germany and develop out of these
prevention measures and action plans for policy-makers. We are developing a standardized method for the classification
and evaluation of new food management approaches, which shall be later established all over Germany
and Europe. • Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash: In an EU-funded cooperative project we help to
develop an innovative thermo-chemical process by which sewage sludge ash can be turned into phosphorus and
other useful products. RIK’s contributions to the project are firstly the performing of experiments as well as the
management of input and output materials. • Renewable energy and energetic use of waste streams („waste to
energy“): We develop concepts to use unavoidable wastes in an ecologically and economically optimal way to substitute
fossil energy. • Wet oxidation of liquid hazardous wastes/industrial wastewaters: We perform experiments
with real wastewaters, thus evaluate the feasibility of AOP treatment, and subsequently set up overall treatment
concepts from the point of origin to the canal. • Pyrolysis of organic residues: Various organic residues can be
transformed into coke and energy-rich gas by means of pyrolysis. Adapted to the according local conditions, concepts
and reactors for pyrolysis recycling including gas treatment are developed and tested. • Further fields of
activity: Resources in wastes, residues and anthropogenic deposits; treatment and utilization of sewage sludge;
treatment and disposal of solid, pasty and liquid industrial wastes; microbial regeneration of adsorbents; waste
adequate special analysis and test methods; sampling of solid, pasty and liquid wastes.
122

Resources Management and Industrial Waste RIK
Research
Determination of discarded food and proposals
for a minimization of food wastage in Germany
(„Ermittlung der weggeworfenen Lebensmittelmengen
und Vorschläge zur Verminderung der
Wegwerfrate bei Lebensmitteln in Deutschland“)
One important topic of RIK‘s scientific work at ISWA is
the investigation of food waste.
In 2011 the quantities of food waste in Germany and
measures for the minimization of food wastage have
been elaborated within a study for the German Federal
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection.
Therefore data has been researched and reviewed not
only for Germany but also for Europe and Northern
America.
The whole food chain was investigated:
• retail
• transport + logistics
• large scale consumers
• households
• other
Edible food from a residual waste bin
Data was taken from literature, federal statistics, interviews
of relevant stakeholders, own investigations.
As a result, the relevant massflows of food, food waste
and by-products could be identified. The data quality
was examined and further need of research to close
data gaps (amount and quality) could be named.
The most relevant and avoidable mass-flows of food
waste have been determined. Applicable measures
have been researched in an international frame (Europe
+ Northern America). The researched measures
against food wastage have been evaluated within a
benefit analysis matrix including aspects of transferability
to Germany.
Cooking with food waste
Another important outcome of the study was the definition
of the expression “food waste”. This definition
has been harmonized with experts and stakeholders
throughout Europe and could become an international
standard, which enables experts and decision makers
to compare studies and published data in the international
context.
Financing Institution:
Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft
und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV)
Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner,
Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Barabosz,
M.Sc. A. Hilse
Duration:
06/2011 – 02/2012 Meal from disposed food - bon appetit!
123

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
EU-Forschungsprojekt, INTERREG IVB North
West Europe: Green Cook transnational strategy
for global sustainable food management
GreenCook is aimed at reducing food wastage and
to make North-West Europe a model region for sustainable
food management, by in-depth work on the
consumer-food relationship thanks to a multisectoral
partnership.
Food wastage is a challenging problem, directly linked
with the questions of waste, consumption and climate
change. A quarter of the food produced in the world
each year ends up in the dustbin, without having been
consumed. As a reflection of our overconsumption society,
food wastage also reinforces social inequalities
and is ethically unacceptable. The negative impacts of
this wastage are real: for households (useless expenditure),
for local authorities (overproduction of waste
to be treated, increased costs), for the environment
(pointless use of resources and pollution), and for the
economy (falling prices).
Its diversified partnership intends to show the added
value of united, transversal action, and to influence EU
policies, in order to get a new European sustainable
food model to emerge.
The project involves 12 partners from Belgium, France,
Netherlands and Germany. The institute ISWA is consulting
the other partners with their pilot actions and
develops a method to evaluate the pilot actions within
social, ecological and economical aspects.
Financing Institution:
European Regional Development Fund
Contact:
Event “Sustainable Cooking” in the course of the project
GreenCook
Lately, tools and methods are under experimentation
to help consumers to improve their food management
while controlling their purchasing behaviour. They aim
at changing behaviour as well as altering the offer at
supermarkets, restaurants or canteens. It is alas hard
for them to be generalised, because of the complexity
of the levers that have to be activated.
GreenCook’s ambition is to create this lever effect, by
generating a dynamic that motivates all of the food
players and by throwing pathbreaking bridges with the
fields of health, welfare and economic development.
Dipl.-Ing. G. Hafner
M.Sc. C. Maurer
Project Partner:
• Espace Environment, ASBL (B)
• Bruxelles Environment, IBGE (B)
• Research institute for consumers’
organisation, CRIOC (B)
• Fost Plus (B)
• Euro Toques (B)
• sustain „the alliance for better food and farming“
(UK)
• Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research (NL)
• Communauté d’Agglomeration de l’Artois (F)
• Conseil Régional Nord-Pas de Calais
– DFI (Direction des Formations Initiales) (F)
• Green Tag (F)
• Abfallverwertungsgesellschaft des Landkreises
Ludwigsburg mbh, AVL, (D)
• De Proeftuinen (NL)
Duration:
2010 – 2013
124

Resources Management and Industrial Waste RIK
R+D-project: Elimination of hardly biodegradable
substances from wastewater with a microbially
regenerating Adsorbent Immersion Contactor
In the effluent of sewerage plants low concentrations
of pharmaceuticals and other organic industrial chemicals
are present, which can have negative effects on
the endocrine systems of aquatic organisms living in
the receiving water of the plant.
It is well known that these refractory substances can
be removed from wastewaters with adsorbents like activated
carbon. The aim of this research project was,
to develop and test a reactor in which organic substances
can be concentrated in the pores of coarse
granular activated carbon, to be hence degraded slowly
by microorganisms populating the surface of the
granules.
Four lab-scale Adsorbent Immersion Contactors
In specially developed lab-scale immersion contactors,
long-term experiments have been performed with
loaded and populated carbon pellets to find out their
remaining sorption capacity and their change in behaviour
over the time.
A pilot plant in half-technical scale has been planned,
built and put into operation. First pilot experiments
have been performed.
As a result it can be said that, even after more than
two years of constant loading, the populated carbon
granules are still adsorptive, however less than the respective
unloaded product; refractory substances do
not accumulate in the pores of the adsorbent.
Because of the high adsorbent “concentration” in the
adsorbent immersion contactor, the latter can minimize
the remaining substance concentrations in sewerage
plant effluents significantly within a short time,
and thus eliminate its endocrine activity completely.
Adsorbent Immersion Contactor for the elimination of
hardly biodegradable organic substances from wastewater
– pilot scale, top view
Financing Institution:
Gefördert von der Willy-Hager-Stiftung
Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rapf,
CTA Brigitte Bergfort
Duration:
2008 - 2011
Biofilm detached from loaded and populated activated
carbon
125

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Expertises
Study: Scientific monitoring of a pilot test a for
residual waste-free waste management in the
district Neckar-Odenwald
Waste management has become an essential tool for
managing scarce resources. Additionally to waste prevention,
the energetic use of biogenic materials is of
particular importance, as well as the further intensification
of recycling. Modern material flow management
can optimize materials and energy recovery pathways.
Allowing for specific regional conditions an optimal recovery
cycle of nutrients and carbon can be achieved
as well as a reduction of greenhouse gases due to
substitution of fossil fuels. A maximized recovery of
non-biogenic materials is particularly efficient if it is
collected separately in a dry recycling bin.
Studies have been carried out in the district Neckar-
Odenwald to establish an innovative waste management
concept without a residual waste bin. The collection
of the organic waste in a “bio energy bin” and
the establishment of a “dry recyclables bin” are planned.
These two new collection systems are intended
to replace the existing residual waste collection. The
existing systems for the separate recovery of recyclable
materials will remain. The collected dry recyclables
are processed in a sorting plant and supplied largely
to a material recycling. On the other hand the organic
municipal waste from the new “bio-energy bin” will be
used for the production of biogas. The fermentation
residues can be conditioned to a refuse derived fuel
(RDF).
Study: Biomass concept of organic municipal
waste in the district of Calw
The aim of this study was the evaluation of conceptual
approaches to the future treatment of the arising organic
municipal waste in the county of Calw. The assessment
is carried out under ecological and economic
points of view and considered the technical feasibility,
with particular attention to existing waste treatment
facilities (including composting plant).
The main objective of the study is to analyze scenarios
focused on the generation of energy from organic waste
using anaerobic digestion (biogas production). In
addition to the evaluation of the biomass accruing in
the district of Calw itself, another assessment was carried
out including organic waste from the neighbouring
district of Freudenstadt.
Financing Institution:
AWG Abfallwirtschaft Landkreis Calw GmbH
Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Duration:
2009 - 2010
Initially the feasibility and efficiency of the new system
has been verified in a pilot project. The pilot project
was implemented in the municipality Rosenberg and
scientifically supported by the Chair of Waste Management
and Emissions, working group RIK.
Financing Institution:
AWN Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft des Neckar-Odenwald-Kreises
mbH
Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Duration:
2010 - 2011
126

Resources Management and Industrial Waste RIK
Independent Studies
Master Thesis
Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge
– Review and Evaluation of Existing Techniques
Bewertung der Lebensmittelabfälle aus Großküchen
und Kantinen
Rodrigo Haro de la Peña (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: M. Rapf, G. Hafner
Anastasiou Konstantinos (ERASMUS) (2011)
Supervisor: G. Hafner, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Rare Earth Metal Recovery from Electronic Scraps
Arunee Tan (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: M. Rapf, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Vorbehandlung von Abwasser aus Vergärungsanlagen
zwecks Nährstoffrückgewinnung
In cooperation with Wehrle Umwelt GmbH,
Emmendingen
Diploma Thesis
Ana Stavăr (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: M. Rapf, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Production of Bio-Char from Organic Wastes by
an Appropriate Technology
Manuel Claus (Diplom UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Thomanetz
Untersuchungen zur Kompostierung des Klärschlamms
der Kläranlage Gaobeidian, China
In cooperation with AWN Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft
des Neckar-Odenwald-Kreises mbH
Mingxi Zhao (Diplom UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: G. Hafner, M. Rapf
Untersuchungen zur Anpassung des AT4-Tests
für Industrielle Abfälle
Raffaela Pflantz (Diplom UMW) (2010)
Supervisor: M. Rapf, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Bachelor Thesis
Abschätzung des Gefährdungspotentials ausgehend
von leichtflüchtigen organischen Verbindungen
in einer Anlage zur Konditionierung industrieller
Dünnschlämme
In cooperation with Daimler AG, Werk Wörth
Untersuchung und Bilanzierung der Nahrungsmittelströme
in Kantinen und Großküchen am
Beispiel der Universitätsmensa auf dem Campus
Vaihingen
Yun Chin Wong (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: G. Hafner, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Dissertations in progress
Basisdaten für Material- und Stoffstromanalysen
in der Abfallwirtschaft – EDV-gestützte Untersuchung
von Material- und Stoffflüssen
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Thomanetz
Entropieerzeugung als Maß für die Umweltauswirkungen
technischer Prozesse an Beispielen
aus der Abfallwirtschaft
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rapf
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert,
Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Weigand (ITLR)
Yishu Liu (Bachelor UMW) (2011)
Supervisor: G. Hafner, M. Rapf
Entropy mnemonics S= Q/T, unfortunately not
applicable in English
127

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Contact
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65438
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: gerold.hafner@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Reseach Assistants
Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Barabosz
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-67636
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67634
E-Mail: jakob.barabosz@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
M. Sc. Annika Hilse
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-62567
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: annika.hilse@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
M. Sc. Claudia Maurer
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65407
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: claudia.maurer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rapf
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65428
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-65460
E-Mail: matthias.rapf@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Laboratory
CTA Brigitte Bergfort
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-63709;
+49 (0)711/685-67636
Fax: +49 (0)0711/685-67634
E-Mail: brigitte.bergfort@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
128

Resources Management and Industrial Waste RIK
129

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Emissions
Research topics:
• Landfill aeration
• New methods to methane
emission quantification
• Research of emissions from
waste treatment plants
• Gas chromatographic odorant
analysis by means of “sniffing
port (GC-MS-o)”
And sometimes, the job just stinks
If it stinks, the people in this workspace are in their element. In the working area “Emissions”, people care about
almost all the existing gaseous matters. Preferentially at waste treatment plants, landfills and sewage treatment
plants, but other emissions are also “welcome”.
The topics of “acceptance” and “gaseous emissions” of waste treatment facilities are always strongly connected
to each other. This involves, on one side, preventing harassment or keeping threshold values; but also resource
conservation and sustainability on the other side. Thus, the minimization of emissions of greenhouse gases in the
disposal and recycling of waste is still an important research area. In the working area EMS, to avoid methane
generation and methane-monitoring is currently a major focus. The researches can be applied to landfill aftercare
reduction, reducing emissions at the MBA and developing methane measuring methods.
In cooperation with companies and public authorities, the available possibilities of gas analysis were always required
in the reporting period. Available equipment ranges from classical methods such as gas chromatography
with mass spectrometer and flame ionization detectors to more unusual methods such as olfactometry, laser absorption
spectrometry and “sniffing-port” (GC-MS-o). Our work is embedded in both in the scientific and technical
context as well as in the economic context. Our experiences incorporate formulations of national and international
rules.
130

Emissions EMS
Research
Pilot project to reduce the aftercare period of a
domestic waste landfill – accelerated decomposition
of organic waste through extensive interval
aeration in BA IV of Landfill Dorfweiher
The district of Konstanz intends to reduce the aftercare
period of landfill Dorfweiher. In situ treatment process
was developed and executed by the University
of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water
Quality and Waste Management (ISWA) in cooperation
with the Engineering Company Lhotzky & Partners,
Braunschweig; with the treatment process, the known
methods will be combined in a project section of Landfill
Dorfweiher and the techniques will be improved.
The Ministry for the Environment, Climate and Energy
Economics of Baden-Württemberg supports the project
financially.
The aeration period is set to be three years. Then the
effects of the aerobic treatment on the landfill are evaluated
during a two-year observation. The results of
the project will play an important role in the required
design and the choice of the final surface sealing.
The aim of the pilot project is to treat the landfill body
aerobically and thus to achieve a discharge from the
aftercare within a foreseeable time period. Using the
proposed method, the conversion and degradation of
the organic constituents in the landfill should be accelerated.
As a result, settlements can be anticipated
and harmful landfill gas emissions can be greatly reduced.
The quality of the leachate can also be improved
significantly. In parallel, in the framework of academic
supervision to the pilot project, further insights will
be developed. In a close temporal and spatial raster
scanning, plenty of measuring data are recorded. For
example, information about the required aeration rates
and pressures as well as the gas, leachate, temperature
and settlement developments can be obtained,
so that the aeration strategy can be optimized. Furthermore,
it is also of interest that how effective is the
exhaust gas treatment of the biofilter, and how much
leachate should be recycled so that the biological processes
in the landfill could run optimally.
The technical constructions and equipment are
constructed in a modular design. After completion of
the project, it would be possible to use some parts of
the technical components for the treatment of another
section of the Landfill “Dorfweiher” or other landfills.
Details of carbon, nitrogen and water balance will be
elaborated. For carbon, it will be only possible mainly
through gas analysis. The results will be evaluated to
the effect, whether the in-situ treatment method can
be transferred to other landfills.
Financing Institution:
District of Konstanz / Ministry for Environment,
Climate and Energy Economics of Baden-Württemberg
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser
Dipl.-Ing. M. Rapf
Dipl.-Ing. M. Kieninger
Project Partner:
Lhotzky + Partner Ing. Gesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig
Duration:
12/2009 - 12/2014
A section of the Landfill Dorfweiher with aeration
lances during construction of the biofilter
131

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Development of a simple measuring method for
greenhouse gas emission rates from area sources
(“EKG”)
The aim of the project was the development of a practical
software tool, to estimate the emission rates of
greenhouse gases from diffusive area sources, based
on laser absorption long-distance measurements (TD-
LAS).
Requirement of emission rates from small-scale sources
always exists, where due to statutory mandatory
report or measures for climate protection, precise
values are more demanded than the current freights
out of theoretical estimations or rather qualitative
measurements.
A Lagrangian model was used as dispersion model,
and the concentration measurements were carried out
as open-path measurements with measuring distance
up to 500 m. With the measuring results, the freight
emitted from area source can be evaluated using the
modified dispersion modelling.
A similar method is not available until now.
For environment protection, the project results bring
the following advantages:
• Climate-relevant emissions from area sources can
be determined much more precisely than with the
current measuring and estimation methods.
• According to our previous measurements, the
calculated data are rather too high than too low.
Measures targeted to the important sources can be
taken with more precise knowledge of the emitted
freight.
• Monitoring of existing (or future) threshold value
for greenhouse gases emissions from area sources
is thus relatively simple and cost-effective.
Financing Institution:
DBU – Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Osnabrück
Contact:
MSc. Zhu Han
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser
Project Partner:
Ingenieurbüro Lohmeyer, Karlsruhe
Duration:
09/2009 - 06/2011
Gasfinder ® -Measurement on a domestic waste landfill
132

Emissions EMS
Expertises
Analysis of the odorant in the exhaust gas from
sewage system with gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry in combination with olfactory
detection (GC-MS-o)
By combining the traditional GC/MS coupling with a
so-called olfactory detector (or “sniffing port”), it is
possible to determine the actual odorous components
from a mixture of gaseous air pollutants. In case of
exhaust gas from sewage system play the constituents
belonging to the terpene group an important role.
Client: KompetenzZentrum Wasser
Berlin GmbH
FTIR measurements at different exhaust gas
purification systems in the semiconductor and
solar cell manufacturing or solar cell industry
Combination of gas chromatography and olfactory
analysis
In order to investigate the efficiencies of various exhaust
gas purification systems, exhaust gas analysis
was conducted at different production facilities of the
semiconductor and solar cell manufacturing with a
portable FTIR spectrometer. The large amount of inorganic
and organic components in the exhaust gas
streams are often classified as the greenhouse gases
(e. g. nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, etc.).
Client: Centrotherm AG, Blaubeuren
Olfactometry analyses to determine the odorant
concentration and gas chromatographic analysis
of gas samples from different facilities (waste
disposal plants, sewage treatment plants, and
different manufacturing companies).
Client: Various
FTIR measurement at the exhaust gas purification
system in the semiconductor manufacturing
Hydrogen sulphide measurements at different
spots of the ARA in a slaughterhouse, and regular
sampling of raw and clean gas from the connected
biological gas treatment system
Client: Ulmer Fleisch GmbH, Ulm
Investigation on detection and reduction of
odour emissions from the drying of sludge at the
sewage treatment plant Niederkirchen
Client: Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim / Ingenieurbüro
Lohmeyer, Karlsruhe
Maintenance of the container-biofilter from waste
water treatment system in a slaughterhouse
133

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Diploma Thesis
Investigation of water flows and stocks during in
situ aeration of landfill Dorfweiher
Goeske de Jong Boronat (WASTE) (2011)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Behaviour of CO 2
and O 2
in a landfill body during
aeration process
Javier Armando Melo Cadima (WASTE) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Ermittlung gasförmiger Emissionen von Biopolymeren
durch Thermoextraktion
Daniel Morrison (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
Effect of combined aeration and biofilter application
on methane emission of a landfill site
Michelle Fischer (WASTE) (2010)
Supervisor: Dr.-Ing. M. Reiser, Dr.-Ing. K. Fischer
134

Emissions EMS
Contact
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser
Laboratory
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65416
Fax: +49 (0) 0711/685-63729
E-Mail: martin.reiser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Research Assistants
Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kieninger
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63733
Fax: +49 (0) 0711/685-63729
E-Mail: martin.kieninger@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Hans-Jürgen Heiden (CTA)
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65503
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
E-Mail: hans-juergen.heiden@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Axel Goschnick (CTA)
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63712
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
E-Mail: axel.goschnick@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
M.Sc. Han Zhu
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65409
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
E-Mail: han.zhu@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Doctoral Candidate
M.Sc. Gülsen Öncü
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65409
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
E-Mail: guelsen.oencue@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
135

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Biological Air Purification
Research topics:
• Detection of degradative potentials
• Isolation of xenobiotics degrating
bacteria and fungi
• Elucidation of bacterial degradative
pathways by use of genetical,
chemical and biochemical
techniques
• Development of new waste air
purification concepts
• Design, dimensioning and operation
of Biological Waste Air Purification
(BWAP) plants
• Biosynthesis of fine chemicals
with high value
It’s not just hot air to us
The biological cleaning of exhaust air and the biodegradation of xenobiotics (i.e. non-biodegradable substances)
by bacteria represent the focal point of our work.
In addition, the department provides assistance in the planning and dimensioning of biofiltration apparatus of
various types (biofilter, biotrickling filter and biowasher). Moreover, it is possible to provide scientific supervision
of these apparatus and equipment during normal operations and in case of faults. This is in the interest of
research in a real practical context, because the weaknesses revealed in any of the functions can be drawn upon
to develop new or optimised concepts.
A further field of research is the degradation of xenobiotics: exposing degradation potential, isolating xenobiotic
degrading bacteria strains and fungi, investigating bacterial degradation paths and, as a spinoff, the biosynthesis
of materials.
136

Biological Air Purification ALR
Research
Anti-Clogging Measures PU-Foam
System biology in the Genus Pseudomonas
Natural as well as technical package materials for biofiltration
processes often do exhibit inhomogeneities
with respect to structure, gas distribution and biological
settlement as well as pressure loss. In case of high
specific loadings of contaminants, increase in biomass
will lead to clogging phenomena of the package material
and will inevitably result in decrease of efficiency.
Knowing these clogging phenomena, up to now
biological waste air treatment plants were constructed
with increased size to counterbalance this effects and
establish lower specific loadings of the contaminants.
This however results in increased costs.
PU-foam materials may represent a technical and economically
feasible solution for this problem. Based on
their defined pore structure, high specific surface, low
package density and low pressure loss, the construction
of energy-efficient and compact biotrickling filters
is possible. Complying with the BioStoffV, in addition
non-pathogenic bacteria could be immobilised on the
carrier thereby increasing specific reaction rates. However,
the compact construction of these biotrickling
filters clearly leads to higher risks of clogging.
In this project, the production of low molecular organic
compounds by bacteria is investigated. During this research,
metabolic networks as well as the genetics of
the relevant bacterial strains are examined. Due to a
confidentiality obligation, no further information of this
project could be shared.
Financing Institute:
By BMBF and BASF
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk
M.Sc. Diego Salamanca
Duration:
01/2009-12/2011
The aim of this project therefore is to develop, test and
apply anti-clogging methods for this PU-foam carriers
applied in biotricklingfilters at laboratory and semitechnical
scale (25 L / 5 m³) with respect to efficiency,
practicability and economy.
Within the first phase in laboratory scale, an artifical
waste air is used for these tests. In a second phase
the semi-technical system is used for treatment of a
real waste air to verify the efficiency parameters of the
laboratory scale phase. These data are the base for
scaling-up procedures in order to introduce this technology
into the market.
Financing Institute:
BMBF with carrier PT-DLR
Contact:
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Duration:
10/2011-09/2013
137

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Expertise and assignments
Development of a suitable waste air cleaning
concept for the drying of sintered molding blanks
in compliance with the maximum concentrations
given in the german guideline “TA-Luft”
Due to an existing confidentiality agreement no in
depth details for this project can be stated here. In a
sintering process, the waste air is loaded with a solvent.
This solvent must be eliminated using a suitable
process to comply with the maximum compulsory concentration
limits. The main focus when choosing the
appropriate type of process and its construction details
lies on environmental compatibility issues like minimizing
water and energy consumption.
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk,
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Helbich
Feasibility of biological treatment of waste air
from the production of cylinder head gaskets
Within the production process of high-temperature
stabile cylinder head gaskets for car engines, the
sealing material is mixed with a defined solvent recipe.
The resulting paste is coated into the relevant notches.
During coating and drying of these sealings, high volume
waste air flows with concentrations of VOC at an
average of 200 mg C/m³ occur. In this project, the biodegradability
of these VOCs was tested at laboratory
scale as well as within a two stage pilot plant, consisting
of a prescrubber and a biofilter stage, built up at
the factory. The analytical data gained thereby were
used for designing a biological waste air purification
process at this location.
of waste air is a combination of an acidic scrubber, basic
scrubber followed by a biological treatment step as
the third stage. To reduce investment costs, there is a
large interest in simplifying the three stage system to
a two stage system consisting of a scrubber and a biological
stage only. Therefore, process parameters for
this scrubber have to be redefined. Within this project
tests for optimisation of the simultaneous absorption
of these defined contaminants were carried out.
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Treatment of styrene containing waste air
streams by a two stage non-thermal plasma system
Fibre-glas reinforced plastics are widely used, because
of their high chemical, mechanical and thermal
stability as well as their low weight. During coating
processes, a styrene containing recipe is used. Thus,
styrene emissions to be treated inevitably do occur.
To reduce heating power demands within the factory,
a recirculation of the treated air is highly interesting.
Therefore, a non-thermal plasma system combined
with an activated charcoal filter is used to treat styrene
and avoid toxic secondary emissions. Within the
project the process parameters were to be optimized
in order to get a high efficient treatment of styrene at
low energy consumption making use of a non-thermal
plasma stage.
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw,
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Helbich
Advisor:
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Waste-free elimination of ammonia in biomass
power plants
Cylinder head gasket
Optimisation of a spray tower for combined elimination
of NH 3
, H 2
S and VOC
During the drying process of industrial as well as municipal
sludges, high volume flows of waste air are generated
containing compounds at concentrations up to
300 mg N/m³ for ammonia, up to 20 mg S/m³ for
hydrogen sulfide and up to 400 mg C/m³ for VOCs.
State of the art technology for treatment of these kind
Facilities like cement plants, brown coal power plants
and biomass power plants use pretreted industrial and
municipal sludges as alternative fuels. During pretreatment
waste air flows with high concentrations of
ammonia occur. The ‘state of the art’ technique is the
elimination i.e. absorption of ammonia by an acidic
scrubber. However, to get the so called financial ‚Na-
WaRo‘ - Bonus, a complete waste water - free process
of this biomass power plant is obligatory. According to
this guidline an elutriation of the swamp liquid into the
sewage water system is not allowed. Within this assignment,
the economical feasibility of ammonia treatment
in the biofiltration stage complying to TA-Luft
limit values for ammonia and odour, the accumulation
of nitrite and nitrate as well as toxicity phenomena of
ammonia were evaluated.
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
138

Biological Air Purification ALR
Diploma Thesis
Biological treatment of a waste air containing
2-ethylhexylacetate, methylisobutylketone and
methylethylketone using biofilters and biotrickling
filters
In this study the biodegradability of a waste air containing
a VOC mixture of 60 vol% 2-ethylhexylacetate,
34 Vol% methylisobutylketone (MIBK) and 6 vol%
methylethylketone (MEK) was analysed. Bacterial
cultures able to biodegrade these components were
isolated, characterised and finally used as inocula in
biological waste air treatment plants in semi-technical
scale (biofilter and biotrickling filter). The latter were
optimised within the test period. Biotrickling filters,
using polyurethane foam cubes or hiflow rings as a
package material, showed high performances and this
way a high usability for this waste air problem. Using
polyurethane foam package material elimination capacities
up to 200 g org. C/(m³*h) at a residence time
of 10 s were achieved. In difference, the biofilter system
showed no stabile process conditions and elimination
capacities were poor. These effects were caused
by clogging phenomena of the package material. All
systems showed a high demand on nitrogen caused
by denitrifiers like Acidovorax aerodenitrificans, which
were part of the established biocoenosis.
Biological Butane Degradation
Topic of this thesis was the characterization of monooxygenase
systems of several bacterial strains, which
are able to use n butane as a sole source of energy
and carbon. A suitable strain had to be identified, whose
monooxygenase transforms the substrate n butane
into 1,4 butanediol by terminal oxidation two times
over.
Aspired pathway: α,ω-oxidation of n butane to 1,4-butanediol.
In substrate patterns the isolated strains showed
strong growth with alcohols, ketones, carbonic acids,
cyclic aromatics as well as ternary carbon branched
components.
During biochemical characterisation of the isolates
bayer-villiger monooxygenases, relevant for the initial
step in the biodegradation of MIBK and MEK (Kieninger,
2007), respectively, were detected. For detailed
characterisation multiple sequence alignments were
proceeded and the native enzymes were characterised
by substrate patterns. These patterns showed that the
enzymes induced by MIBK can simultaneously degrade
MEK and the other way as well. However, transformation
rates of the cooxidised substrates were significantly
lower than for the native substrate.
Thomas Gerl (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk,
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Butane degrading strains on an agar petri dish.
In preliminary work, the butane degrading strains
were enriched and isolated from soil samples and activated
sludge.
n alkane substrate pattern from methane to eicosane
showed high specificity of the strains towards certain
areas of carbon chain length. Where one strain was
only able to grow on linear alkanes from ethane to
hexane, another showed growth by using ethane to
eicosane.
In a growth experiment of whole cells in liquid culture
it could be demonstrated that 1 butanol induces expression
of a butane monooxygenase, as there occurred
no lag-phase during a switch of those substrates.
A potent alcoholdehydrogenase inhibitor was identified
during the measurement of enzyme kinetics in crude
extract. In contrast, there was no effect of this inhibitor
on whole cells, nor could there any accumulation
of primary alcohols be observed. Tolerance towards
organic solvents was determined in rich and selective
liquid medium.
A forced expression of the soluble butane monooxygenase
could be achieved by facing the strain with
139

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
almost copper free conditions in selective liquid medium
with n butane as a sole source of energy and
carbon. The distinct types of monooxygenases could
be shown in all the strains by this method, as well as
by genetic methods, like the multiple sequence alignment.
Further, transposon mutagenesis was carried out to
determine the role of the butane monooxygenase.
Steffen Helbich (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk
plenty of different software tools or mathematical approaches
like two-film theory, permeation theory or
NTU-HTU – model, there is a lack of these tools and
approaches for nozzle floor scrubbers. In cooperation
with a plant manufacturer, a semi-technical model of
a nozzle floor scrubber was constructed and the efficiency
of this system was characterised using acetone,
ethanol and isopropanol as model contaminants. Additionally,
the effect of process parameters like residence
time, gas to water – ratio, nozzle size, number
of stages, water hold up and further parameters was
also characterised. Based on these results, a simple
software tool for dimensioning of this kind of scrubber
was established.
Biological degradation of benzoate under saline
conditions
Common microorganisms degrading native as well as
xenobiotic compounds tolerate concentration of sodium
chloride up to 3.5 w%. This concentration is nearly
equivalent the sea salt concentration level. In habitats
with higher sodium chloride concentrations like salt refineries,
solar salt refineries, brines of olive oil production
or special industrial waste water only specialised
microorganisms are able to survive. Additionally, the
waste water of olive oil production and industrial waste
water posses commonly high concentrations of COD.
The examination of the biodegradation process of benzoate
as key component under saline conditions and
the technical application of this process were the topics
of this diploma thesis. Based on an industrial application
the stages of a waste water treatment plant
have to be defined and designing procedure should be
done. As a consequence of this special habitats bacterial
strains capable to degrade benzoate under these
conditions were isolated and charakterised in laboratory
and half-technical scale. A main focus was led on
the examination of the stability of the biocoenosis over
the runtime of the process.
Josephine Hartmann (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Development of a software tool for dimensioning
of nozzle floor scrubbers
A state of the art technique for treatment of waste
air flows containing well soluble VOCs is the absorption.
One possible type of absorption process is the
nozzle floor scrubber. In difference to spray towers
and packed columns, which can be dimensioned by a
Lukas Magacz (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Degradation behavour of 2-butoxyethanole and
evaluation of of these data for designing a bioscrubber
treatment plant
In this thesis, the degradation of 2-butoxyethanole by
the bacterial strain BOE 100 was examined. Butoxyethanole
is a solvent mainly used in paints and lacquers
but also for cleaning KHE WHICH agents, cosmetics
and textiles. The strain BOE 100 is able to completely
degrade butoxyethanol. A 16S rDNA analysis showed
that this strain is belonging to the species Pdeusomonas
putida. It’s doubling time lies between 120 and
140 minutes at concentrations of butoxyethanol ranging
from 2.5 to 10 mmol/L. KHE growth was observed
Even at a concentration of 60 mmol/L. The degradation
pathway of butoxyethanole was examined by using
transposon mutagenesis. Using this method, butoxyacetic
acid, butanol and butyric acid could be identified
as metabolites.
The second part of this thesis was focusing on the degradation
of a selected mixture of solvents (60 vol-
% of which are butyl acetate) by biological means in
a bioscrubber run by a hazardous waste treatment
plant. Butoxyethanol is part of this mixture at a concentration
of 7 vol-%. The degradation capacity of the
bacteria involved was determined by constructing a
regenerator at half technical scale and giving varying
amounts of the solvent mixture to the reservoir until
the capacity limit was reached.
Christine Woiski (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Betreuer: Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk
140

Biological Air Purification ALR
Comparison of biological and non-biological waste
air treatment techniques for treatment of
waste air streams out of belt dryers in cement
industry under the aspect of ecology, economy
and efficiency
Within endothermic clincer birck production processes
made of lime, high amounts of fossile fuels were necessary
in the cement industry. Modern processes base
on a thermal use of cadaver, animal meal, tyres, municipal
and industrial sewage sludges instead of fossile
fuels. About 5 % of the total energy demand is covered
by the thermal use of sewage sludges, which are
not directly combustible in the rotary furnaces, because
of their high water contents. A thermal pre-drying
procedure using waste heat of the rotary furnace is
an efficient system. Within an air flow the evaporated
water as well as volatile organic compounds as well as
anorganic compounds like H 2
S and NH 3
are separated
from the dried matter. Poorly, high fluctuation in the
composition of this air stream occured. A treatment of
this high odorant air containing high carbon freights
was necessary. Up to now state of the art techniques
are not adequate to fulfil the limit values of 20 mg C/
m³ and 500 OU/m³ defined by the TA-Luft, respectively.
The main task of this thesis was to choose adequate
procedures for efficient treatment of this contaminated
air and to verify and compare the efficiency
of the choosen techniques during treating a real waste
air of a cement plant. The focus lied on an evaluation
of the procedures, feasibility of specific optimisation
potential and selective treatment of single as well as
mixed waste air streams, which occured on-site.
Christian Wilde (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Study works
Comparison of various biological air treatment
techniques for treating waste air of an automobile
industry
The focus of this work was the comparison of two
biological waste air treatment systems, namely biotrickling
filter and biofilter, under the aspect of applicability
to treat VOC containing waste air flows from
automobile industry. In a first phase bacterial strains
able to biodegrade these contaminants were isolated
and – after laboratory characterisation – used as inocula
for both plants (about 170 L volume). Process
parameters of both techniques were similar to real
waste air situation (concentration: 172 mg C/m³; residual
time: 30 s; resulting volume flow: 19,2 m³/h;
waste air contaminants: MEK, MIBK, 2-Ethylhexyl acetate).
As a package material PU-foam cubes (PPI 10,
20 mm size) and wood chips (corn size about 2 cm)
were used, respectively. After 45 days dominated by
adsorption processes a continuous increase in efficiency
was observed. The efficiency of the biotrickling
filter was continuously lower than the efficiency of the
biofilter system. In both systems substance specific
elimination capacity decreased with in increase of the
hydrophobic behaviour of the waste air contaminants.
Shelesh Agrawal (Waste) (2011)
Master Thesis
Micro-pollutants removal from (waste)water by
biological treatment with membrane technology
and its comparison with other biological treatment
methods
The aim of this project is the elimination and mineralisation
of micro-pollutants in water and waste water by
biodegradation processes based on innovative process
concepts. In case of these innovative process concepts,
the focus lies on biomembrane processes. Alternative
biological processes are analysed at laboratory
as well as semi-techical scale and allow a well documented
comparison to the results of the biomembrane
processes. In this master thesis the central task is to
isolate bacterial strains capable to biodegrade defined
waste water contaminants, namely ibuprofene, diclofenac,
triclosane, prozac and paracetamol. In a second
phase these isolates are characterised under the
aspect of morphology, specifity against contaminants
and the degradation kinetics of single compounds. The
technical application is the core aspect of a doctor thesis.
Shelesh Agrawal (Waste) (2011)
Advisor: Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Advisor:
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
141

Chair of Waste Management and Emissions
Contact
Prof. Dr.-rer. nat. habil. K.-H. Engesser
Dipl.-Ing. Christine Woiski
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-63734
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: karl-h.engesser@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-65467
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: christine.woiski@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Secretary´s office
Andrea Matzig
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63708
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
E-Mail: andrea.matzig@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Research Assistants
Dr.-Ing. Niko Strunk
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-63730
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: niko.strunk@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr.-Ing. Daniel Dobslaw
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-65406
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: daniel.dobslaw@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Doctoral Candidate
Thomas Gerl
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-65474
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: thomas.gerl@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Helbich
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-65474
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: steffen.helbich@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
M. Sc. Diego Salamanca
Tel: +49 (0) 711/685-65467
Fax:+49 (0) 711/685-63729
Email: diego.salamanca@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
142

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil Jörg W. Metzger
Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance | CH
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds | BiOS
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
143

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
The Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology deals
with practically based oriented environmental topics
and develops solutions in interdisciplinary cooperation
with natural scientists and engineers. A sound basic
knowledge in natural sciences is required to understand
interdisciplinary contexts concerning all areas
of Environmental Engineering. Biological and chemical
processes are of elemental importance for various
kinds of technologies for drinking water and wastewater
treatment as well as for composting of solid and
green waste or for the decontamination of groundwater.
The quality of water, no matter if it is wastewater,
surface water, groundwater or drinking water, depends
on chemical and microbiological parameters, for which
the legislator has defined limits (e.g. in the Drinking
Water Ordinance). In order to guarantee that these
limits are not exceeded it is important to reiterate the
analytical monitoring process at regular intervals.
The task of the Environmental Analysis is to develop
and to apply methods which allow to identify and
quantify inorganic and organic compounds, either as
single substances or in total - as so called summary
parameter- in various environmental compartments,
such as water, waste water, landfill leachate, soil, sediment,
sewage sludge etc. The high toxicity of various
environmental chemicals as well as potential ecotoxicological
properties, e.g. the tendency to undergo
geo- or bioaccumulation, requires the determination
of substances as specific and selective as possible and
in very low concentrations independent of potential
interferences with disturbing matrix components.
Therefore, the methods applied have to be constantly
optimized and the inherent uncertainty of measurement
of the analytical data has to be kept in mind.
New technologies in wastewater treatment or drinking
water purification can be most effectively developed
by a close cooperation of engineers and natural scientists.
A typical example is the the determination of the
efficiency of a process for water purification, a second
one is effect-related analysis, in which the concentrations
of a pollutant in a sample are correlated with its
biological effects. The latter constitutes a basis for a
risk-assessment, an area where biology and chemistry
directly meet.
Suitable biological test systems (bioassays), preferably
as simple as possible, are required as basis for
the practical applicability of this concept. Also, the
elucidation of the environmental behaviour of natural
and anthropogenic substances - pathways of degradation,
formation of metabolites, identification of microorganisms
participating in transformation reactions
- requires that chemists and biologists work hand in
hand.
The Chair for Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology at the
ISWA has been supervised by Prof. Dr. rer. nat Jörg W.
Metzger since 1996. It consists of the division of Hydrochemistry
and Analytical Quality Assurance headed
by Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch and the division of Hydrobiology
and Organic Trace Analysis headed by Dr. rer. nat.
Bertram Kuch.
Teaching Activities
The Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology offers
a broad range of basic and advanced lectures and
practical work for Bachelor and Master students of
the courses Civil Engineering and Environmental
Engineering as well as for the international master
programs WAREM and WASTE at the University of
Stuttgart. They are intended to transmit basic and
advanced knowledge in Chemistry of Water and Waste
Water, Water- and Soil Protection and Environmental
Analysis. The students can get a deeper insight into
these issues and a better understanding of the theory
by attending training courses for sampling or practical
laboratory work where the students learn how to
perform environmental analyses and how to carry out
experiments in the chemical and microbiological laboratories
of the institute.
Teaching Modules (G: in German; E: in English):
Name of Module VL P Teaching BSc.
Course
MSc.
Biology and Chemistry
for Civil Engineers
x BAU x
(G)
Basics of Environmental
Analysis -
Methods of Measurement
x x UMW x
with Practical
Work (G)
UMW x
Ecological Chemistry
x x BAU x
(G)
CH x
Biology and Chemistry
of Water and
x x UMW
x
Wastewater with
BAU
x
Practical Work (G)
Industrial Wastewater
Technology I (G)
BAU
x x UMW
x
Environmental Analysis:
Water, Soil (G)
x x UMW x
Biology and Chemistry
for Environmen-
x
WAREM
x
WASTE
x
tal Engineers (E)
Industrial Waste
x x WAREM
x
Water (E)
WASTE
x
Sanitary Engineering
x x WAREM
x
- Practical Class (E)
WASTE
x
144

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Lectures and Practical Classes (G: in German; E: in English):
Title VL P Teaching Dipl.
Course
BSc. MSc.
Chemical Basis for the Prevention of Water Pollution (G) x UMW x
Measurement and Analysis of Water Pollutants with Practical Work (G) x x UMW x
Analysis of Pollutants with Practical Work (G) x x UMW x
Environmental Analysis with Practical Work (G) x x UMW x
Chemistry of Water and Wastewater with Practical Work (G) x x UMW
BAU
x
Biology and Chemistry for Civil Engineers
Chemistry for Civil Engineers I (G) x BAU x
Chemistry for Civil Engineers II (G) x BAU x
Basics of Environmental Analysis -
Methods of Measurement with Practical Work
Determination of Chemical Parameters (G) x UMW x
Ecological Chemistry
Ecotoxicology and Assessment of Pollutants (G)
x
UMW
x
Structure and Properties of Water and Aqueous Solutions (G)
x
BAU
x
Environmental Chemistry with Practical Work (G) x x
CH
x
Behaviour and Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants (G)
x
Biology and Chemistry of Water and Wastewater with Practical Work
Chemistry of Water and Wastewater (G) x UMW
x
x
Chemistry of Water and Wastewater - Practical Work (G)
x BAU
x
Industrial Waste Water Technology I (G)
Chemical Water Technology (G) x UMW
Chemical Water Technology - Practical Work (G)
x BAU
x
x
Environmental Analysis: Water, Soil
Analysis of Pollutants in Soil and Water (G)
x
Instrumental Analysis (G)
x
Environmental Analysis - Practical Work (G)
x
UMW
x
Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry (G)
x
Biology and Chemistry for Environmental Engineers
Organic Chemistry (E)
x
WAREM
x
WASTE
x
Industrial Waste Water
Water Analysis and Analytical Quality Control (E)
x
WAREM
x
WASTE
x
Sanitary Engineering - Practical Class
Part Chemistry and Microbiology (E) x x WAREM
x
WASTE
x
International
Within the professional postgraduate master course EDUBRAS-MAUI lectures have been offered twice a year by
Prof. Metzger since March 2008 in Curitiba, Brazil. The course has the aim to transfer knowledge and instruct
Brazilian students in municipal and industrial aspects of environmental protection. It is a cooperation between
the ISWA (University of Stuttgart), the Universidade Federal do Paraná and the Brazilian association SENAI,
Paraná.
EDUBRAS-MAUI
Title of Lecture
Química ambiental (Environmental Chemistry)
Química da água e dos efluentes (Chemistry of Water and Waste Water)
Analítica ambiental (Environmental Analysis)
Ecotoxicologia e avaliação dos poluentes (Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment of Pollutants )
145

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
In cooperation with the Norwegian Centre of Soil and
Environmental Research, Bioforsk, the Norwegian
University of Life Sciences (UMB), and the University
of Helsinki (Finland) digestates resulting from the anaerobic
treatment of biowastes were investigated in
order to determine the presence and concentration of
persistant organic pollutants.
Within the activities of proficiency testing in analytical
chemistry (AQS Baden-Württemberg) the institute has
cooperations with the following organisations:
• Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finnland
• Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, Derbyshire
UK
• Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,
Warszawa, Polen
• IRMM EU Institute for Reference Materials and
Measurements, Geel, Belgien
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rom, Italien
• Kenya Bureau of Standarts, Nairobi, Kenya
• Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Teddington,
UK
• Mauritius Standarts Bureau, Port Louis, Mauritius
• Metrology Institute of the Republic of Slovenia,
Ljubljana, Slowenien
• Namwater, Windhoek, Mamibia
• National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration
Laboratories (NABL), India
• National Center for Public Health, Budapest, Ungarn
• Petroleum Research Laboratory, Ankara, Türkei
• Quintessence Enterprise, Nicosia, Zypern
• Southern African Development Community Cooperation
in Measurement Traceability, Pretoria, Südafrika
• Tanzania Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam,
Tansania
• Uganda National Bureau of Standarts, Kampala,
Uganda
146

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Theses (Diploma)
Analysis of siloxanes in wastewater and sewage
sludge
Barbara Fey (Umweltschutztechnik) (2010)
Supervisor:
Prof. Jörg W. Metzger, Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
During digestion of sewage sludge volatile siloxanes
are able to get into sewage gas, which due to its composition
(methane and carbon dioxide) is suitable to
be burned in combined heat and power units (CHP).
During combustion of siloxanes silicon dioxide is
formed, which can lead to quartz-like deposits in the
CHP and related engine damages.
The elimination of siloxanes from sewage gas by
activated carbon is associated with significant investment
and operational costs. Therefore it is examined
whether adjustments of the conventional treatment
process and modifications of the advanced wastewater
treatment technologies can contribute to reduce
siloxane concentrations in sewage gas. As part of the
thesis, methods for determining the siloxane concentration
in wastewater and sewage sludge are developed
and tested, since it is necessary to know/understand
the behavior of siloxanes in WWTP. For this
purpose several extraction methods for wastewater
and sewage sludge were tested, since the - according
to literature - used method is very time-consuming
(stripping the siloxanes and collecting via XAD-resin).
The concentration of siloxanes were determined using
GC/MS analysis.
For wastewater samples the micro-separation with
hexane could be identified as suitable preparation
methods. The preparation of sludge samples via
stirring and centrifuging with hexane turned out to be
most effective. To prove the practicality of the extraction
processes, separate series of measurements for
mass balance studies of activated sludge process and
rotating immersion disc technology of the teaching
and research WWTP Büsnau were conducted.
During mass balance studies of the activated sludge
process it has been established, that the
concentration of hexamethylcyclotri- and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
in the activated sludge tank
decreases through volatilization, while the concentration
of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane changes not
significantly. Balancing the rotating immersion disc
technology micro-separation has been applied in an
Erlenmeyer flask, which proved to be susceptible to
changes in stirring rate. Since the concentration of
siloxanes vary greatly within a few minutes, composite
samples should be used for further studies.
Additionally the optimal stirring rate should be determined.
Organophosphorus flame retardants in two
southern German surface waters - entry and
concentration gradients
Jonas Schmidinger (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Within the framework of WESS-Project (Water &
Earth System Science Competence Cluster)
Supervisor:
Prof. Jörg W. Metzger, Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
Organophosphorus flame retardants nowadays are
used in large quantities and versatile. Since some
of these substances are considered of toxicological
concern and show persistent environmental behavior,
within the thesis two small German streams (Ammer
and Körsch) with varying wastewater content were
investigated on the occurrence of organophosphorus
flame retardants and possible entries of these
compounds. In addition to concentration gradients at
individual sampling days residual analysis were performed
to represent the deviations of the individual
sampling points from the average concentration across
the river. It became apparent that the concentration
profiles of the two chlorinated substances TCPP and
TDCPP show a similar pattern along the course of the
river Körsch. Generally TCPP showed on average the
highest measured concentrations in both waters and
only minor degradation or dilution effects.
The phase distribution of the observed flame retardants
in the surface waters was determined by
measuring membrane-filtered samples. With the
exception of triphenyl phosphate, whose concentrations
measured in unfiltered river water exceeded the
values of the filtered samples by an average of five
times, the substances showed low sorption to filterable
solids. As the main source of entry into the aquatic
environment the discharge of purified wastewater from
municipal sewage treatment plants could be identified.
Likewise, occuring concentration peaks could be
attributed to storm water overflow discharge.
147

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Theses (Bachelor)
Entry, occurrence and environmental behavior of
the biocide triclosan and the transformation product
methyltriclosan in aquatic environments
Alexander Kilian (Umweltschutztechnik) (2011)
Within the framework of WESS-Project (Water & Earth
System Science Competence Cluster)
Supervisor:
Prof. Jörg W. Metzger, Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
Since the 70s triclosan is used as a disinfecting agent
and preservative in medical and private sectors. WWTP
are the main entry path for triclosan and its transformation
product methyltriclosan into surface waters,
where they have a high sorption capacity (enrichment
in sediments). Furthermore methyltriclosan tends to
bioaccumulate in fish.
As part of the thesis the small rivers Körsch and
Ammer, and the Goldersbach (reference river) were investigated
regarding the two compounds. For this purpose
water samples (monthly random samples during
the period June 2010 - April 2011) along the rivers and
brown trouts of the Ammer and the Goldersbach (captured
in October 2010) were analyzed using GC/MS.
The aim was to determine the pollution of rivers,
elucidate the effect of treatment plants, as well as to
investigate the environmental behavior of the two substances.
Both substances were detected in the Ammer and the
Körsch, but could not be found in the reference stream
Goldersbach. As the main entry path WWTP was
confirmed, whereat the contribution of the individual
wastewater treatment plants to water pollution
varies greatly. The concentrations of triclosan and
methyltriclosan in the Körsch (up to 217 ng/L and
29 ng/L) compared with the Ammer (up to 94 ng/L
and 5 ng/L) are higher. The decay behavior varies both
between the two substances (decay of triclosan is
more pronounced then decay of methyltriclosan) and
between the rivers (along the Ammer more pronounced
decay). Compared to other rivers, the concentrations
are elevated in the Körsch while they are comparable
in the Ammer. It becomes apparent that in small,
heavily by WWTP affected rivers, concentration problems
with possible adverse effects on the environment
occur. In brown trouts of the Ammer methyltriclosan
in concentrations of up to 34 µg/kg fresh weight for
the filet samples and up to 70 µg/kg fresh weight for
the whole fish has been demonstrated. Immediately
after the WWTP, the concentrations were elevated
compared to fish samples from other rivers, whereas
in the further course of the Ammer concentrations
were comparable
Elimination of ten organic micropollutants in water
via advanced ocidation processes (AOPs)
Greta Petrova (Extern, Universität Duisburg-Essen)
(2010)
Supervisor:
Prof. Torsten Schmidt, Universität Duisburg-Essen
Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
Selected anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs)
including three pharmaceuticals, two synthetic musks,
phosphorous flame retardants and an insect repellent
were investigated for their removal potential by
UV-base processes (UV and UV/H 2
O 2
) in a real STP
effluent matrix by variation of the irridation time and
amount H 2
O 2
added. The compounds were selected on
the basis of reported persistence in the STP effluents,
structural difference, ability for analysis at low levels
and availability of isotope-labelled internal standards
for enhancement of the analysis qualitity, and were
analysed in the samples by gas chromatography
coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A strong
dependency on the elimination efficiency was
observed, being the combination of UV/H 2
O 2
with
excess of peroxide the best option for eight of the ten
investigated compounds accomplishing 90 % or more
removal efficiency.
148

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Application of powdered activated carbon for
improved elimination of organic micropollutants
in municipal sewage treatment process using
the example of selected substances
Anna Mayer (Extern Hochschule Reutlingen) (2011)
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. W. Honnen (Reutlingen), Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
To minimize the entry of organic micropollutants
in the aquatic environment, strategies have to be
developed that help to optimize the elimination
of these compounds in the wastewater treatment
process. One strategy is concerned with the use of
powdered activated carbon for improved elimination
of various micropollutants. As part of the bachelor
thesis adsorption characteristics of selected substances
(synthetic musk fragrances: AHTN, HHCB and
HHCB-lactone; medicines: diclofenac, carbamazepine
and dibenzo[b,f]azepine; insect repellents: diethyl
toluamide) on powdered activated carbon (PAC), and
the influence of the PAC-amount (2 mg/L – 30 mg/L)
and minutes of contact time (2 min. – 60 min.) - based
on samples of the teaching and research WWTP
Büsnau – are examined.
Following the implementation of contact experiments
and separation of powdered activated carbon, the
organic micropollutants were enriched using liquidliquid
extraction and the concentrated extracts were
analyzed by GC-MS in full scan mode.
The results of adsorption experiments with powdered
activated carbon showed that at an economically
justifiable PAC-initial weight of 10 mg/L
carbamazepine against expectations shows the best
adsorption (up to 79 %). For all studied compounds,
except for DEET (38 %), good elimination rates (58 %
for HHCB, AHTN 69 %) were observed. In studies on
the effect of contact time could be determined that an
extension of the treatment period of 30 to 40 minutes
resulted in no further increase of elimination.
In summary, it can be stated that the use of powdered
activated carbon contributes greatly to improved
elimination of the studied micropollutants. Subsequent
studies should address the combination of methods
such as use of additional UV radiation or ozonization
for complete elimination of these compounds.
Elimination of organic micropollutants from
municipal waste water by powdered activated
carbon and precipitating agents
Ümit Tastan (Chemie) (2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Jörg W. Metzger, Dr. Bertram Kuch
Summary
Recently the multiplicity of organic trace compounds
(e.g. pharmaceuticals, synthetic fragrances or
synthetic additives), which is released into surface
waters via municipal wastewater, are a matter of
particular interest. These compounds are detected
increasingly in surface waters in recent decades. In
order to minimize the entry of these substances into
the environment, some WWTPs are already using
advanced wastewater treatment technologies such as
ozonization, H 2
O 2
/UV-oxidation or activated carbon
filtration units to improve the elimination of organic
trace compounds. Inter alia the use of powdered
activated carbon is considered to be very promising.
In the present work, the elimination of selected organic
micropollutants with powdered activated carbon,
inorganic precipitation agents and their combinations
was studied. Different application fields and entry
pathways, as well as different physical-chemical
properties were used as selection criteria for the investigated
trace substances. As precipitating agent
inter alia iron-(III)-chloride, which is used in municipal
wastewater treatment plants to improve the sludge
sedimentation behavior and for phosphorus removal,
was applied.
Good elimination efficiencies of more than 60 % could
be achieved by using 10 mg/L powdered activated
carbon at a contact time of 20 min. for all substances
- with the exception of the insect repellent DEET. Elimination
rates of more than 95 % could be achieved for
the disinfectant triclosan and methylthiobenzothiazole
(MTBT; industrial chemical used in the production
of rubber). In first approximation, the tendency for
sorption increases with increasing phase partition
coefficients (log Kow) of the compounds, an explicit
correlation to the elimination efficiency achieved with
the log Kow value of the analytes could not be found.
Far less influence on the elimination of trace substances
showed the precipitation agents used at
dosages of 5 mg/L to 110 mg/L. Even during combined
using of precipitants with powdered activated carbon,
no significant effects were observed on the removal
efficiency.
In summary, it can be stated that the use of powdered
activated carbon contributes greatly to improved
limination of various organic trace substances from
municipal waste water and the influence of precipitation
agents and their combination with powdered
activated carbon on the elimination is negligible.
149

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Theses (Master)
Doctoral Dissertations
Removal of Anionic Colloidal Impurities in
Process Water from the Pulp and Paper Industry
by an Electrolytikc Process Using Saveificial
Aluminium Electrodes
Francisco Miguel Terán Camarena, Master of Science
(2011)
Studiengang: WASTE
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Hirth (IGVT), Prof. Dr. Jörg Metzger
Study of treated effluent as industrial water in
automotive industry
Estudo do reúso de efluente tratado como água de
processo na indústria automotiva
Leopoldo Erthal, Master of Science (2011)
Studiengang: EDUBRAS-MAUI - Brasilien
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Jörg Metzger, Dr.-Ing. Daniela Neuffer
Leachate prognosis: possibilities and limitations
of laboratory and field studies
Sylvia Mackenberg (Dissertation 2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
Prof. Dr. I. Neuweiler
Prof. Dr. T. Streck
Treatment of Liquid Hazardous Waste and
Highly-Loaded Industrial Wastewater by Photo-
Fenton Process, using a Newly-Developed
Photoreactor including Noxoiusness Assessment
Ibrahim Abdel Fattah (Dissertation 2010)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Kranert
Prof. D. Bahnemann
Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
Advanced wastewater treatment technologies
- Elimination of organic micropollutants via
powdered activated carbon
Tecnologias avançadas de tratamento de efluentes
– Remoção de micropoluentes orgânicos através de
carvão ativado em pó
Juliano César Rego Ferreira, Master of Science (2011)
Studiengang: EDUBRAS-MAUI - Brasilien
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Jörg Metzger, Dr.-Ing. Daniela Neuffer
Advanced wastewater treatment technologies
- Elimination of organic micropollutants via UVirradiation
and hydrogen peroxide
Tecnologias de Tratamento Avançado de Águas Residuais
– Eliminação de Micropoluentes Orgânicos através
de Irradiação UV e UV/H 2 O 2
Telma Soares, Master of Science (2011)
Studiengang: EDUBRAS-MAUI - Brasilien
Supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Jörg Metzger, Dr.-Ing. Daniela Neuffer
Persistent organic micropollutants in compost
and digestates from biomass fermentation -
Degree of contamination, degradation and
evaluationg
Jessica Stäb (Dissertation 2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
Prof. Dr. Dr. Richert
Prof. Dr. Stubenrauch
Contamination of the Lake Constance with organic
micropollutants - Determination of polychlorinated
biphenyls and polybrominated
diphenyl ethers in sediments, mussels and fish
Jörg Alexander Pfeiffer (Dissertation 2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
Prof. Dr. H.-D. Görtz
Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Helmig
Temporal behaviour of biozides in surface
coatings for building materials during perennial
field experiments
Regina Cordula Schwerd (Dissertation 2011)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. F. Berner
Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Sedlbauer
Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
150

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Publications
Antakyali, D.; Kuch, B.; Preyl, V.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Effect of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Recovered
Struvite. Proceedings of the WEF Conference Nutrient
Recovery and Management, Miami, USA.
Bari, M. A.; Baumbach, G.; Brodbeck, J.; Struschka,
M.; Kuch, B.; Dreher, W.; Scheffknecht, G. (2010):
Characterisation of particulates and carcinogenic polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in wintertime wood-fired
heating in residential areas. Atmospheric Environment,
doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.053.
Bari, M. A.; Baumbach, G.; Brodbeck, J.; Struschka,
M.; Kuch, B.; Scheffknecht, G. (2010): Characterisation
of carcinogenic PAH exposure in wintertime
wood-fired heating in residential areas. Tagungsband:
International Specialty Conference „Air Pollution and
Health: Bridging the gap from sources to health outcomes“,
San Diego, California, 22 - 26.03.2010, 330.
Bopp, K.; Kuch, B.; Roth, M. (2010): Hormonelle Aktivität
in natürlichen Mineralwässern? Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau
106, 489 - 500.
Dowideit, K.; Scholz-Muramatsu, H.; Miethling-Graff,
R.; Vigelahn, L.; Freygang, M.; Dohrmann, A. B.; Tebbe,
Ch. C. (2010): Spatial heterogeneity of dechlorinating
bacteria and limiting factors for in situ trichloroethene
dechlorination revealed by analyses of sediment
cores from a polluted field site. FEMS Microbiology
Ecology 71(3), 444-459, March 2010, Article first published
online: 26 NOV 2009, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-
6941.2009.00820.x.
Drenkova-Tuhtan, A.; Meyer, C.; Steinmetz, H. (2011):
Einsatz der Nanotechnologie in der Abwasserreinigung.
Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft,
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag GmbH, München,
Band 208, 55 - 79.
Bari, M. A.; Baumbach, G.; Kuch, B.; Scheffknecht,
G. (2010): Particle-phase concentrations of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air of rural residential
areas in southern Germany. Air Quality, Atmosphere
& Health, 3/2, 103 - 116.
Govasmark, E.; Stäb, J.; Holen, B.; Frøseth, R. B.;
Nesbakk, T. (2011): Contaminants in anaerobically digested
residue in full-scale biogas plants and their fate
in agricultural production. Agronomy for Sustainable
Development - Eingereicht.
Bari, M. A.; Baumbach, G.; Kuch, B.; Scheffknecht,
G. (2010): Temporal variation and impact of wood
smoke pollution on a residential area in southern Germany.
Atmospheric Environment DOI 10.1016/j.tmosenv.2010.06.031,
1 - 10.
Govasmark, E.; Stäb, J.; Holen, B.; Hoornstra, D.;
Nesbakk, T.; Salkinoja-Salonen, M. (2011): Chemical
and microbiological hazards associated with recycling
of anaerobic digested residue intended for agricultural
use. Waste Management, 31(12), 2577-2583.
Bari, M. A.; Brodbeck, J.; Struschka, M.; Baumbach,
G.; Kuch, B.; Scheffknecht, G. (2010): Importance
of Clean Biomass Combustion for the Air Quality in
Residential Areas. Tagungsband: 1st International
Conference on the Developments in Renewable Energy
Technology“ held in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 17-
19.12.2009.
Baumeister, F.; Borchers, U.; Koch, M. (2010): PT-
WFD: the network of PT providers to support the implementation
of the European water framework directive.
Accred. Qual. Assur. 15, 193-198.
Boley, A.; Fink, W.; Kieninger, M.; Müller, W.-R. (2010):
Vorrichtung zur schonenden Durchmischung von Stoffgemengen
beispielsweise zur Durchführung von Abbauuntersuchungen
unter aeroben, anoxischen und
anaeroben Bedingungen. Patentanmeldung DPMA.
Boley, A.; Narasimhan, K.; Kieninger, M.; Müller, W.-R.
(2010): Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration of Natural
Surface Water with Ultrasound Enhanced Backwashing.
Wat. Sci. Technol. 61(5), 1121-1127.
Govasmark, E.; Stäb, J.; Holen, B.; Hoornstra, D.;
Salkinoja-Salonen, M. (2010): Biorest - en risiko i økologisk
landbruk. Bioforsk FOKUS 5(2), 40-41, ISBN:
978-82-17-00600-8, ISSN: 0809-8662.
IGKB (2010): Keine Gefahr durch Flammschutzmittel.
Internationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee
(IGKB), Seespiegel 31, 4.
Koch, M. (2010): Basic Statistics. In: Wenclawiak,
B.W., Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.): Quality
Assurance in Analytical Chemistry - Training and Teaching.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010 2nd
Edition, 161 – 181.
Koch, M. (2010): Calibration. In: Wenclawiak, B.W.,
Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.): Quality Assurance
in Analytical Chemistry - Training and Teaching.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010 2nd Edition,
183 – 200.
Koch, M. (2010): Interlaboratory Tests. In: Wenclawiak,
B.W., Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.): Quality
Assurance in Analytical Chemistry - Training and
151

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Poster
Teaching. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010 2nd
Edition, 303 - 326.
Koch, M. (2010): Measurement Uncertainty. In: Wenclawiak,
B.W., Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.):
Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry - Training
and Teaching. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010
2nd Edition, 247 – 272.
Koch, M. (2010): Quality Manual. In: Wenclawiak,
B.W., Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.): Quality
Assurance in Analytical Chemistry - Training and Teaching.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010 2nd
Edition, 143 – 159.
Koch, M.; Gluschke, M. (2010): Control Charts. In:
Wenclawiak, B.W., Koch, M., und Hadjicostas, E.
(Hrsg.): Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry -
Training and Teaching. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
2010 2nd Edition, 273 – 288.
Kuch, B. (2010): Messung von Spurenstoffen im Regen-
und Mischwasserabfluss. Stuttgarter Berichte zur
Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Oldenbourg Industrieverlag,
Band 201, 51 - 63.
Baumeister, F.; Koch, M.; Borchers, U. (2011): Recent
activities of the PT-WFD network. EURACHEM 2011 -
7th Workshop - Proficiency testing in analytical chemistry,
microbiology and laboratory medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey, 3.-6.10.2011.
Conradi, M.; Koch, M. (2011): Proficiency Testing
Scheme for Chemical Analysis of Water in Africa. EU-
RACHEM 2011 - 7th Workshop - Proficiency testing in
analytical chemistry, microbiology and laboratory medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey, 3.-6.10.2011.
Govasmark, E.; Stäb, J.; Holen, B.; Hoornstra, D.; Salkinoja-Salonen,
M. (2010): Contaminants in digestate
from household waste in Norway - a fertilizer? 7th international
conference ORBIT 2010 - Organic Resources
in the Carbon Economy, Heraklion Crete, Greece,
29.06.-03.07.2010, ISBN 978-960-6865-25-1.
Govasmark, E.; Stäb, J.; Holen, B.; Hoornstra, D.; Salkinoja-Salonen,
M. (2011): Contaminants in digestate
from household waste in Norway. NJF 24th Congress
- Food, Feed, Fuel and Fun - Nordic Light on Future
Land Use and Rural Development, Uppsala, Sweden,
14.-16.06.2011.
Magunsson, B.; Koch, M. (2011): Measurement Quality
in Water Analysis. In: Peter Wilderer (ed.) Treatise
on Water Science, Oxford: Academic Press, Elsevier
Ltd., vol.3, 153-169.
Wenclawiak, B. W.; Koch, M.; Hadjicostas, E. (Hrsg.)
(2010): Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry -
Training and Teaching. 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin Heidelberg 2010.
Gutjahr, N.; Kuch, B.; Neft, A.; Dittmer, U. (2010): Assessment
of pollutant loads in stormwater runoff by a
combination of online-monitoring and sampling. 14th
International Conference IWA Diffuse Pollution Specialist
Group Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication, Québec
City, 12.-17.09.2010.
Koch, M.; Baumeister, F. (2011): On the Use of Consensus
Means as Assigned Values. EURACHEM 2011 -
7th Workshop - Proficiency testing in analytical chemistry,
microbiology and laboratory medicine, Istanbul,
Turkey, 3.-6.10.2011.
Koch, M.; Magnusson, B. (2011): Evaluating measurement
uncertainty over the concentration range from
proficiency testing data. EURACHEM 2011 - 7th Workshop
- Proficiency testing in analytical chemistry, microbiology
and laboratory medicine, Istanbul, Turkey,
3.-6.10.2011.
Mbwambo, K.; Lyimo, E.; Dentons Kaviiri, Ph. H.; Kerubo
Nyakoe, F.; Irungu, A.; Koch, M. (2011): Profisiency
Testing for Analytical Chemistry Laboratories
organized in the East African Community Countries.
EURACHEM 2011 - 7th Workshop - Proficiency testing
in analytical chemistry, microbiology and laboratory
medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, 3.-6.10.2011.
Pfeiffer, J. A. (2010): Spurenstoffe im Bodensee. Institut
für Seenforschung, Langenargen, 11.03.2010.
152

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Pfeiffer, J. A.; Kuch, B.; Hetzenauer, H.; Schröder, H.
G.; Metzger, J. W. (2010): Flammschutzmittel in Bodenseeorganismen
(FLABO) - Bestimmung von PBDE
und PCB in Sedimenten, Muscheln und Fischen des
Bodensees. Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen
Gesellschaft - Fachgruppe der GDCh, Bayreuth, 10.-
12.05.2010.
Stäb, J.; Govasmark, E.; Kuch, B.; Metzger, J. W.
(2010): Organic pollutants in Compost and Digestate
from Norway and Germany. 3rd EuCheMS Chemistry
Congress, Nürnberg, 29.08.-02.09.2010.
Stäb, J.; Govasmark, E.; Kuch, B.; Metzger, J. W.
(2010): Organic pollutants in German Compost and
Digestate. 7th international conference ORBIT 2010
- Organic Resources in the Carbon Economy, Heraklion
Crete, Greece, 29.06.-03.07.2010, ISBN 978-960-
6865-25-1.
Zhang, Q.; Krauß, M.; Neft, A.; Kuch, B.; Minke, R.;
Steinmetz, H. (2010): Assessment of river water quality
in a watershed affected by large-scale rubber planations-pesticides
and other organic trace substances.
14th International Conference IWA Diffuse Pollution
Specialist Group Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication,
Québec City, 12.-17.09.2010.
153

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Contact
Chairholder
o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: joerg.metzger@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Secretary´s office
Dörte Hahn
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: doerte.hahn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Hydrochemistry and
Analytical Quality Assurance
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Tel.: +49 (0)711/685-65444
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-554449
E-Mail: michael.koch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Hydrobiology and
analysis of organic trace compounds
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Tel.: +49 (0)711 685-65443
Fax: +49 (0)711 685-63729
E-Mail: bertram.kuch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
154

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
155

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance
In the Division of Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance the focus is on topics from environmental
chemistry and the related analysis as well as all issues of quality assurance in analytical
chemistry.
The focus of the analytical tasks in this division is mainly on the hydrochemical analytical services for engineering
departments in the institute.
Especially the following analyses are carried out:
• Digestion for element analyses
- Aqua regia extract
- Microwave supporte digestion (MLS Ethos 1600)
• Element determination
- using ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Optima 3000)
- using Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with flame and graphite furnace
(AnalytikJena contrAA 700)
- using Hydride Technique Atomic Absorption Spektrometry (PerkinElmer 2100)
- using Atomic Fluorescence (for mercury) (AnalytikJena mercur)
• Adsorbable Organic Halogens AOX (AnalytikJena multi X 2000)
• Determination of anions using ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-1000)
• Determination of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon index using gas chromatography
(PerkinElmer Autosystem GC)
• Determination of highly volatile compounds (PerkinElmer Autosystem GC und PerkinElmer Autosystem XL GC)
• other wet chemical and photometrical analyses
Besides the measurements we provide advice to our colleagues from other divisions about analytical questions.
From time to time we are directly involved in research projects. So presently we are working in a research project
on the environmental compatibility of photo voltaic modules.
156

Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance CH
Research
In the field of Analytical Quality Assurance the main
focus of our work is on providing proficiency testing
interlaboratory comparisons in co-operation with TGZ
AQS Baden-Württemberg of the Technologie-Transfer-
Initiative GmbH at the University of Stuttgart. These
proficiency tests mainly are provided on behalf of the
government of Baden-Württemberg, but are offered
throughout whole Germany and beyond. In order to
keep their license for analysing waste and drinking
water numerous water laboratories in Germany are
obliged to participate in these proficiency tests.
Our special scientific interest is on the development
of proficiency testing techniques, especially for the
preparation of samples and for the statistical evaluation
and assessment. Here we also operate internationally.
For chemical analytical laboratories there is a big need
for advanced training on quality assurance issues.
Therefore we are organizing courses and in-house
trainings.
Strengthening the quality infrastructure in developing
countries is an important condition for strengthening
the economies in such countries, and also for the
protection of public health and environmentyl protection.
In developing projects of the German Metrology
Institute (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) we
are organizing trainings and do consultance for proficiency
test providers.
Establishment of a regional quality infrastructure
in the East African Community (EAC)
An effective regional quality infrastructure (QI), in
which all parties recognise each other mutually, plays
a central role for the development of a common market
in the member countries of the East African Community
(Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi)
since it enables, to a large extent, a mutual and
free movement of goods as well as the development
of environmental and consumer protection on a liberalised
market.
In a project of the German metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (Project executing
agency: Secretariat of the East African Community)
this QI is to be strengthened. For this purpose among
other things proficiency test for the chemical analysis
of food (edible salt, wheat flour, edible vegetable oil)
are performed.
Scientific support and consultancy of these PT schemes
is the task of ISWA in this project.
Financing Institution:
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Contact:
Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger,
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Duration:
since 12/2007, for an unlimited period
157

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Photovoltaikmodule - Umweltfreundlichkeit und
Recyclingmöglichkeiten
The market for photovoltaic (PV) modules registers
strong growth rates. It is assumed that solar modules
produce energy on the average for 25 years. Afterwards
they must be disposed of and/or recycled. It is
a goal to introduce a sustainable recirculation system
for PV products with a comprehensive collecting system
including civic amenity sites; in addition suitable
efficient recycling procedures must be developed,
which allow a complete separation of valuable material
in high purity and do not cause subsequent disposal
problems. The level of knowledge for the liberation of
pollutants from photovoltaic modules under different
environmental condition at present is still small.
Liberation of pollutants during the operation of the
modules according to information from manufacturers
is impossible. The possibility of a release of pollutants,
e.g. after stone impact, hail, fire, effect of acid rain or
oxidizing agents etc. must be examined however. In
addition it must be examined, what consequences appear,
if modules and/or crushed modules are inappropriately
disposed of (domestic waste, glass waste).
Financing Institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Verkehr
Baden-Württemberg
Contact
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Prof. Dr. Jörg W. Metzger
Project Partner:
ISWA, Arbeitsbereich Siedlungsabfall, Dr. Klaus Fischer
Institut für Physikalische Elektronik, Arbeitsgruppe
Industrielle Solarzellen, Dr. Renate Zapf-Gottwick
ISWA, Arbeitsbereich Hydrochemie und Analytische
Qualitätssicherung Dr. Michael Koch
Duration:
seit 12/2010 - 11/2011
The project covers:
• Investigation and evaluation of recycling procedures
for different solar modules
• Investigation of the liberation potential for pollutants
from photovoltaic modules during the operation,
in particular under strongly changing climatic
conditions, and after the end of the lifetime
under different conditions
• Evaluation of the environmental behavior and the
recycling procedures regarding the situation in
threshold and developing countries
• Investigation of the possibilities to avoid the liberation
of pollutants and development of proposals for
environmentally more friendly solar modules and
recycling practices.
• Evaluation of the results.
Photovoltaic modules made ​of crystalline silicon
158

Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance CH
AQS Baden-Württemberg
The Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection
and the Energy Sector Baden-Württemberg (UM) and
the Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection
Baden-Württemberg (MLR) commissioned the Institute
for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid
Waste Management of the University of Stuttgart with
providing external quality control measures for the
chemical analysis of waste, ground and drinking water.
The main task is the provision of proficiency testing
(PT) interlaboratory comparisons in the field of water
testing, adjusted to the special requirements for
analytical quality control.
In 2004 the German drinking water proficiency test
provider decided to co-operate and to work in a
harmonized way that is in accordance with the
“Recommendation for the provision of proficiency tests
for drinking water analysis” of the German Federal
Environmental Agency, published in Bundesgesundheitsblatt
in 2003. Two PT schemes were installed
working in a time co-ordinated way.
One of these schemes is located in Northrhine-Westphalia
(State Agency for Nature, Environment and
Consumer Protection LANUV ), the other one is run
bei AQS Baden-Württemberg together with the Institute
for Hygiene and Environment of the Authority for
Health and Consumer Protection in Hamburg.
The chemical parameters to be analyzed according to
the German drinking water ordinance were distributed
to 10 different PT rounds. Both PT schemes offer the
whole programme with a one year time shift.
For waste water PTs the existing co-operation with
other PT providers in environmental authorities in
other German states was extended and strengthened.
Also on behalf of the UM PTs for rapid tests in
waste water treatment plants (WWTP) are provided.
Successful participation is required for a special notification
of WWTP laboratories in the regulator sector in
Baden-Württemberg.
In the framework of an European network of proficiency
test providers (PT-WFD) for the European Water
Framework Directive, AQS Baden-Württemberg
organizes PTs for surface water on an European level.
The co-operation partner „TGZ AQS-Baden-Württemberg“
of TTI GmbH organizes together with the ISWA
the annual meetings for AQS BW as well as courses
for waster water sampling and quality control charts.
In 2010 and 2011 the programme of these course was
extended to measurement uncertainty estimation.
In 2010 the following PT rounds
were provided by AQS BW:
• PT 1/10 - TW A1 – Anions in drinking water: bromate,
fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulfate,
phosphorous, cyanide, turbidity
• PT 2/10 - TW O5 – Special organic organic parameters
in drinking water: glyphosate, AMPA and
selected pesticide metabolites
• PT 3/10 - 24. LÜRV - Ions in waste water: NH 4+
-N,
NO 3-
-N, NO 2-
-N, Cl - 2- 2-
, SO 4
, CrO 4
• KARV 2010 – 11 th PT for rapid tests in waste water
treatment plants - COD, NH 4+
-N, NO 3-
-N, N ges
,
(sum of inorg. + org. N), P ges
, TOC (optional)
• PT 5/10 - TW O1 – Pesticides 1: N- and P-pesticides
in drinking water. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, terbutylazine,
simazine, propazine, chlortoluron, diuron,
isoproturon, metobromuron, metribuzin
• PT 6/10 - WFD - Prioritary Substances according
to Water Framework Directive: Polybrominated diphenylethers
– BDE 28, BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 100,
BDE 153, BDE 154
In 2011 the following PT rounds
were provided by AQS BW:
• PT 1/11 - TW A2 – Trace elements in drinking water:
Chromium, copper, lead, cadmium, nickel,
chromium(VI), silicate
• PT 2/11 - TW O2 - VOC/Benzene in drinking water:
1,2-Dichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene,
trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane,
dibromochloromethane, tribromomethane, benzene
• PT 3/11 - 26. LÜRV – Sum parameters in waste
water: AOX, TOC, BOD 5
, COD, TN b
• KARV 2011 - 12 th PT for rapid tests in waste water
treatment plants - COD, NH 4+
-N, NO 3-
-N, N ges
,
(sum of inorg. + org. N), P ges
, TOC (optional)
• PT 4/11 - TW A3 - Cations in drinking water, part 1:
Aluminium, iron, manganese, sodium, potassium,
colour (SAC 436
)
• PT 5/11 – WFD - Pesticides from the list of priority
substances in the WFD: aclonifen, alachlor,
atrazine, bifenox, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos,
cybutryne, diuron, isoproturon, quinoxyfen, simazine,
terbutryn, trifluralin
159

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Client:
Sample preparation for the proficiency test (PT)
Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft
Baden-Württemberg, Ministerium
für Ländlichen Raum und Verbraucherschutz Baden-
Württemberg, Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen
und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg
Project Co-ordinator:
o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger
Project manager AQS-BW:
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Technical manager AQS-BW:
Dr.-Ing. Frank Baumeister
Secretary‘s office:
Heidemarie Sanwald
Further Informations:
http://www.aqsbw.de
High-grade steel vessel (2,1 m 3 ) for pasteurisation of
waste water, drinking water and ground water
High-precision balances for the net weight of chemicals
and solutions
Chemicals used for the production of PT samples
Stock solutions for the preparation of PT samples
160

Hydrochemistry and Analytical Quality Assurance CH
Contact
Devision Manager CH & AQS
Hydrochemistry and
Analytical Quality Assurance
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65446, -65444
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63769, -55444
E-Mail: michael.koch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Laboratory staff
Michael Braun (Chemo Technician)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65447
Maria Gebauer (CTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65454
Secretary´s office
Gertrud Joas (CTA)
Heidemarie Sanwald* (AQS)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65454
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65446
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63769
E-Mail: heidi.sanwald@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Cornelia Orth (Dipl.-Ing., FH)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65435
Dörte Hahn (Hydrochemie)
Ellen Raith-Bausch (Chemo Technician)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-63729
E-Mail: doerte.hahn@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Tel:
+49 (0)711/685-65454 oder
+49 (0)711/685-65400
Technical Manager AQS
Dr.-Ing. Frank Baumeister*
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65442
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-55442
E-Mail: frank.baumeister@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
Dipl.-Biol. Biljana Marić*
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65447
E-Mail: biljana.maric@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
* Assistants for the Transfer centre
and Foundation centre (TGZ)
161

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Hydrobiology & analysis of organic trace compounds
Research topics:
• Environmental analysis
• Organic micropollutants
• Examination of occurence and
fate as well as risk assessment of
environmentally relevant chemicals
• Biological in-vitro test systems,
for the determination of hormonal
actiivity of environmental
samples, i.e. E-Screen-Assay
• Biological degradation and risk
assessment of pollutants, chemicals
and organic solid substrates
as well as polymers in water and
soil matricess
• Biological remediation of organic
pollutants from contaminated
aquifers
The department of hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds focuses mainly on topics of
environmental analysis and bioremediation processes.
Some research, for example, go into the question of the extent to which ordinary used chemicals such as
pharmaceuticals and ingredients of personal care products occur in domestic wastewater, their behavior in wastewater
treatment plants (WWTP) and their influence on the ecology - especially on aquatic organisms.
Particularly relevant is in which amount these chemicals are retained in WWTP, either by degradation processes in
various stages of purification or accumulation in sewage sludge. Chemicals, which are not completely eliminated
in the WWTP, reach the surface waters. Consequently, investigations are conducted in surface waters, especially
with the question of whether and to what extent chemicals are absorbed by aquatic organisms (e.g. fish),
enriched in them or are eliminated or converted by their metabolism. For these tests a number of trace analytical
methods are available, some of them specially developed in the department of hydrobiology and analysis of
organic trace compounds.
Furthermore, we deal with the question which substances in water are capable to interfere with the biological
treatment processes - especially the nitrification/denitrification - in WWTP. For this purpose biosensor test
systems are used that help to identify nitrification-inhibiting substances.
Another focus of the department of hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds concentrates on the
biological remediation of contaminated sites. Many ground-water reservoirs in Germany are contaminated by
industrial chemicals. Among the most common pollutants are the chlorinated solvents. In the framework of a
Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology funded project studies for the rehabilitation of contaminated areas
were conducted. The aim of this project is to get a basic understanding about the involvement of microorganisms
in the implementation of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VOC), as well as to determine the most effective
dosage of a suitable electron donor.
Another important parameter is the determination of total estrogenic activity of environmental samples (surface
waters, WWTP-influent and -effluent, etc.). Due to its high sensitivity (LOQ < 0.1 ng/L) the E-screen assay is a
suitable substitute for the expensive and time-intensive targeted instrumental single substance analysis. As a
routine procedure the robust E-screen assay is used in the framework of subcontracted analysis. Furthermore the
estrogenic activity of single substances can be determined using this biological test system.
162

Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds BiOS
Final Reports of the Chair
Flame retardants in organisms of Lake Constance
(FLABO)
The Lake Constance is an important habitat for fish and
therefore a large food resource - the fishing quota for
2008 was around 725 tones. Organic micro-pollutants,
especially persistent lipophilic compounds enter Lake
Constance and accumulate in the sediments, as well
as in fish and shellfish.
Typical representatives of these contaminants are polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) which were banned because
of their toxic properties already over 20 years
ago, but can still be detected in various environmental
samples. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
have been used since the 1970s as flame retardants
in textiles and electrical housings and also showed rising
environmental levels over the last few decades.
Since the industry signed a voluntary negotiated agreement
on production and application concentrations
seem to have stagnated. The study of dated sediment
cores from Lake Constance in 2004/2005 (Interreg III)
showed an increase of PBDE-concentrations in younger
sedimentary layers. Within the current project, the
PBDEs compared to the group of PCBs were determinated
in fish (bream - Abramis brama), zebra mussels
(Dreissena polymorpha) and sediments of Lake
Constance. The bream is a species of fish living close
to the sediment partly feeding on zebra mussels. In
addition obtaining information on the present load, the
aim was to have a closer look on substance accumulation
along the food chain.
The contaminants could be detected in all investigated
environmental samples. The concentrations of PCBs in
the sediments were at similar levels as in 2004/2005
and are thereby lower than quality objectives of the
WFD (20 micrograms / kg dry matter). On examination
of the upper layers lower concentration levels than
in the older deeper layers could be determinated. The
PCB concentrations in the mussels were at small levels
similar to those in the sediment. The congener pattern
(concentration distribution of the various individual
compounds) showed similarities with the technical
mixture „Chlophen-A60“. The pattern of the PBDEs
also shows similarities with the technical penta-bromo
diphenyl ether mixture. While the PCB pattern between
the investigated environmental samples looked
similar, the PBDE profile of the various samples were
significantly different. This gives us an indication of
specific uptake or degradation of certain PBDE congeners.
The maximum PCB-concentrations found in the fillets
of bream are far below the threshold limit for fresh
water fish (Schadstoff-Höchstmengen Verordnung).
Compared to PCB concentrations the PBDE concentrations
are lower by an order of magnitude. Threshold
limits do not exist for the group of PBDEs.
Trip with the research ship of the Institute of Lake Research, Langenargen (LUBW) for sediment and mussel
sampling.
163

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Biogas residue - a safety risk in organic farming?
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) stick on a piece
of wood. The largest specimens examined reached
a shell length of 1.8 cm.
Financing institution:
INTERREG IV
Contact:
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger,
Dipl.-Ing. Jörg Alexander Pfeiffer
Project partner:
Dr. Heinz Gerd Schröder, Institut für Seenforschung
des Landes Baden-Württemberg, Langenargen
Wasserwirtschaftsamt Kempten
Vorarlberger Institut für Umwelt und Lebensmittelsicherheit
Amt für Umwelt der Kantone St. Gallen und Thurgau
Amt für Gesundheits- und Verbraucherschutz der
Kantons St. Gallen
Duration:
01/2008 - 10/2009
Aim of the project is to determine the potential of biorest
from biogas plants as fertilizers in organic farming.
The focus is is thereby put on organic pollutants,
pesticides, heavy metals, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). For this during one year
on a monthly basis samples of a norwegian biogas
plant are taken and analysed. The biogas residue is
afterwards composted and the compost is sampled
likewise. For the determination of the bio-availability
plants and compost worm samples are analyzed, in
addition the survival of the found bacteria in grain and
milk products is observed.
In this joint project the ISWA is responsible for the
analysis of the organic pollutants.
Container for the composting of biowaste and digestate
Financing institution:
Research Council of Norway, P.O. Box 2700 St. Hanhaugen,
0131 Oslo
Contact:
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger,
Dipl.-Chem. Jessica Stäb
Project partner:
Bioforsk (Norwegen), Norwegian University of Life
Sciences (UMB), und der University of Helsinki
(Finnland).
Duration:
01/2008 - 12/2010
164

Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds BiOS
Development of Novel Processes for Simultaneous
Elimination of Organic Pollutants and Nitrate
from Drinking Water by Means of Biodegradable
Solid Substrates
Even with many legislative regulations not everywhere
efforts have been successful to diminish concentrations
of Nitrate and Pesticides in groundwater. The aim
of this project is the development of a simple and costeffective
combined process which allows not only the
biological removal of Nitrate but also Pesticides. In this
technology we use biodegradable polymers (BDP) as
substrates for the heterotrophic denitrification process,
e.g. PHB (Poly-ß-Hydroxy Butyric Acid) or PCL (Poly-ε-
Caprolactone). The water insoluble polymer granules
act as growth surface for microorganisms and at the
same time as organic substrate which can be activated
via bacterial exoenzymes and on this way being used
for denitrification. In addition the polymers perform as
sorbents for the dissolved organic contaminants, e.g.
pesticides.
In the scope of the project different technical realizations
in form of reactor configurations and reactor
types are being examined. The performance of
different available biodegradable polymers is tested in
advance with long term biological test processes thus
complementing the pilot testing with semi-technical
reactors.
As this process is aimed to be applied in drinking
water treatment all aspects of the use of BDPs shall
be examined. This means between others the examination
of the „leachate“ products of the biodegradable
polymers, the products which occur during the
anoxic biodegradation step and of course also the
examination of the biocenosis in the reactors. A check
of potentially pathogenic bacteria will be carried out.
A long-term objective of the project is the authorization
of polymers according to the „List of Treatment
Substances and Disinfection Processes“ as per § 11 of
the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV 2001)
and the treatment processes connected with. This List
is maintained at the Federal Environment Agency on
behalf of the Federal Ministry of Health, Berlin.
Financing institution:
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe - Bereich Wassertechnologie
und Entsorgung, for the German Federal Ministry
of Education and Research (BMBF)
Contact:
Dr. Angela Boley
Dipl.-Ing. Martin Kieninger
Project partner:
• Forschungszentrum (Research Center) Karlsruhe
(FZKA)
• Technologie Zentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe (TZW)
• Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Ber.
Wasserchemie (EBI)
• Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
(MLU)
• Firma Nordic Water GmbH
• Firma Formtechnik in Südbaden GmbH & Co. KG
• Kooperation mit Tsinghua University, Beijing
Duration:
10/2006 - 03/2010
Pilot plant for the denitrification and pesticide removal with biodegradable polymers
„Dynasand-Reactor“ (Nordic Water)
„Roto-Bio-Reactor“ (Formtechnik in Südbaden)
165

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Research
Development of a procedure with significantly
improved efficiency and increased environmental
compatibility for remediation of groundwater
contamination - especially in case of contamination
with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons
(VOC), sub-project „Microbiological process
fundamentals for the optimization of the
electron donor application“
Summary
The aim of the microbiological and process engineering
studies is the development of new rehabilitation
strategies for effective and entire dechlorination of
chlorinated ethenes with energy-saving and environmentally
friendly use of electron donor in the aquifer.
For this purpose electron donors are identified which
selectively stimulate the reductive dechlorination and
promote by lipophilic properties the mass transfer of
volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons from the DNAPL*
phase to the electron donor phase. For the most suitable
electron donor the economically dosage with minimized
DOC-concentrations (dissolved organic carbon)
and decreased accumulation of the toxic vinyl chloride
and methane are determined in laboratory and field
trials.
Financing institution:
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie,
ZIM (Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand)
Contact:
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger
Dipl. Chem. Claudia Lange,
Dr. Bertram Kuch
Project partner:
Firma ISTEV GmbH Innovative Sanierungstechnologien
und –verfahren, Berlin, Dipl.-Geol. Peter Hein
Firma Geolog, Braunschweig,
Dipl.-Geol. Dr. Johannes Körner und
Geophysiker Dr. Eugeniu Martac
Duration:
05/2009 - 07/2011
* DNAPL: dense non-aqueous phase liquid
Experimental set up for determination of dechlorination
with lipophilic electron donors in undisturbed sediment
cores from the test field.
166

Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds BiOS
Determination of the total estrogenic activity in
various matrices (subcontracted analysis)
The E-screen assay is an in vitro test system for determination
of receptor-mediated estrogenic effects. The
endpoint of the assay is the estrogen-dependent proliferation
of estrogen receptor-positive human breast
cancer cells (MCF-7) compared to controls with and
without 17β-estradiol (E2). Via the dose-response
curve the EEQ (estradiol equivalent concentration) is
obtained as a sum parameter of total estrogenic activity
in a sample expressed in equivalents of the reference
substance 17β-estradiol (E2). No information about
the nature of the compounds being responsible for the
total estrogenic activity in environmental samples are
given by the E-screen assay. The most potent compounds
are the natural hormone 17β-estradiol, its
degradation product estrone and the synthetic
hormone ethinylestradiol used as a contraceptive. Due
to its high sensitivity (LOQ < 0.1 ng/L) the E-screen
assay is a suitable substitute for the expensive and
time-intensive targeted instrumental single substance
analysis.
As a routine procedure the robust E-screen assay was
and is used in the framework of subcontracted analysis
to determine the total estrogenic activity in various
samples. 2010/11 inter alia surface water, wastewater
treatment plant influents and -effluents,
nutritional supplements, as well as mineral water were
investigated.
Contact:
Dipl. Chem. Claudia Lange,
Dr. Bertram Kuch
Fig.1:
Stained cells in 96-well plate
Fig.2: Via Tablecurve 2D generated dose-response curve of the reference subtsance 17β-estradiol.
167

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
WESS: Water and Earth System Science Competence
Cluster – sub-project: “Chemical inventory
and input-output mass balances in WESS test
catchments”
WESS - the Water and Earth System Science Competence
Cluster - was founded by the Universities of
Tübingen, Stuttgart and Hohenheim and the Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) in 2009. The
aim is to strengthen research cooperation between
these institutions and to facilitate interdisciplinary
research in the field of waters in the catchment as a
function of climate and land use changes.
Numerous chemical compounds pass through human
activities (industry, agriculture, treated or untreated
wastewater) into the environment and nowadays are
ubiquitous prevalent in water, soil and air. The transport
of these compounds is coupled mainly to the
water cycle. The crucial question in terms of water
quality is which compounds have a potential for
accumulation in the water cycle and the extent to
which they accumulate. This requires knowledge about
the distribution of pollutants in the environment and
in-depth understanding of the processes that regulate
the long-term fate and transport of these substances
in soil, groundwater and surface waters.
campaign with a focus on springs and ground water in
the catchments of the rivers Ammer and Goldersbach
is conducted (ongoing).
Financing institution:
Funded by the State of Baden-Württemberg and the
federal government
Contact:
Dr. Hermann Rügner, Universität Tübingen,
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger,
Dipl. Chem. Claudia Lange,
Dr. Bertram Kuch
Project partner:
Universität Tübingen
Universität Hohenheim
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ)
Duration:
2009 - 2013
As part of the subproject comprehensive monthly
sampling of surface waters (Ammer, Goldersbach,
Steinlach, Körsch and parts of the Neckar near
Tübingen) are performed. The catchments differ only
slightly in geology, but clearly in land use (agriculture,
forested, urban) under similar climatic conditions.
At approx. 30 locations more than 100 parameters
were analyzed with a focus on organic trace substances
(2009-2011). In addition, a monthly sampling
Fig. on the top:
Brown trout from the river
Ammer
Fig. to the left:
Sampling: Hermann-Löns-
Well
168

Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds BiOS
Development of an Environmental Friendly Technology
for the Removal of Nitrogen and Micro-
Particles in Recirculated Aquaculture systems
Due to overfishing and water pollution the natural
fish stocks have decreased dramatically in the last
20 years. As a consequence, the amount of fish,
molluscs and crustaceans produced in aquaculture
increases continuously. Today already 50 % of the
global demand for fish is covered by aquaculture.
Compared to conventional flow-through-systems (e.g.
trout rearing), aquaculture re-circulation systems
have a very low water demand. However, in order to
optimize the utilization of fresh water, an extensive
water treatment is required. The use of aqua-culture
recirculation systems is advantageous especially if
quality and quantity of fresh water is not sufficient
and if costs for supply of fresh water and discharge of
wastewater are high. Especially in the neighborhood
of protected nature conservation areas or river basins,
the quality requirements of the effluent from fish production
systems will increase.
The optimization of the water treatment in aquaculture
systems is of essential im-portance for fish health and
welfare. Suboptimal water conditions can affect the
growth and quality of fish. In addition, stress reactions
and outbreaks of infectious diseases are favored. This
leads to a deterioration of productivity, food quality
and environmental acceptance of fish farms and increasingly
hinders the further devel-opment of aquaculture.
In order to improve the water quality and to reduce
the use of fresh water, nitrate must be removed from
the water besides ammonia and carbon dioxide. With
a bio-logical denitrification system, nitrate is reduced
to gaseous nitrogen (N2) and thus removed from the
system. In the same process, the acid formed during
nitrification is neutralized.
A further stress factor for fish in recirculating systems
is the accumulation of sus-pended micro-particles
(size < 20 µm), which can not be removed by sedimentation
or microstrainers. For this reason, the use
of membrane technology is particularly advantageous.
Therefore a space- and cost-saving combination of
denitrification and membrane cleaning shall be developed.
A high performance biological denitrification
process for the biological removal of nitrate is combined
with a membrane unit for elimination of solids,
such as bacteria, parasites and other micro-particles.
In addition increase of biomass concentration with a
factor up to five in the denitrification reactor can be
achieved. Special materials are used as carrier for the
growth of bacteria and exposed to nitrate-containing
water in a fluidized bed reactor. With the movement
of these carriers a friction-abrasion effect is produced,
by which the cleaning of the membrane surface is
achieved.
First, the mechanical interaction of various carrier
materials with membrane surfac-es is investigated to
prevent damage to the membrane surface. Then the
combination of denitrification and membrane cleaning
will be examined in the laboratory. The effects of different
substrates in aquariums with fishes are investigated
to avoid negative influences of the process. The welfare
of the fishes is an important compo-nent of the project
conception, because poor water quality can affect the
growth of the fishes and enhance the risk of infectious
diseases. This leads to a reduction in productivity, food
quality and consumer acceptance. Therefore stress parameters
are determined in addition to an observation
of the fishes and the measurement of their growth.
Financing institution:
Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (German Foundation
Envi-ronment)
Contact:
Dr. Angela Boley
Project partner:
MaxFlow Membran Filtration GmbH
Fischtechnik International Engineering GmbH
Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Abteilung Fischkrankheiten
und Fischhaltung der Stiftung Tierärztliche
Hochschule Hannover
Duration:
09/2010 - 04/2012
Investigation of the mechanical interaction of various
carriers with membrane surfaces.
169

Chair of Hydrochemistry and Hydrobiology
Participation in the DIN-working committee:
NA 119 Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW)
NA 119-01-03-05-09 AK working committee
Hormonal effects (Xenoestrogens)
(ISO/TC 147/SC 5/WG 9)
The German Institute for Standardization is a
registered association and as such provides a
platform for the so-called „stakeholders“
(companies,associations, industry, science, etc.)
to develop standards. These serve inter alia quality
assurance, assurance of serviceability, the consumer
and environmental protection. Because of international
standards trade barriers are dismantled and thus
supports the competitiveness of individual countries.
The DIN working committee Hormonal effects (Xenoestrogens)
- established in November 2010 - deals
with the standardization of a test method for detecting
the estrogenic activity in environmental samples.
Hormone-like acting substances can interfere with
the hormonal balance of organisms and inter alia
adversely affect reproduction. Via environmental
quality standards (EQS) for priority substances
already taken action from a regulatory perspective
indeed, however these are insufficient to determine
the additive mixture-toxicity of receptor-coupled effects
of hormone-like substances. Bioassays are indispensable
for complementation of risk assessment and
monitoring of chemical emissions. Currently there is no
standardized procedure for the determination of
hormonal activity in aquatic environment. The aim
of the working committee, in which employees of
numerous scientific institutions and companies participate,
consequently is the standardization of a bioassay
procedure as an international standard.
Contact:
Dipl. Chem. Claudia Lange,
Dr. Bertram Kuch
SchussenAktiv: Reduction of micropollutants by
activated carbon in wastewater treatment plants
and their effect on fish and their prey organisms:
model study on the treatment plant Langwiese
and at the Schussen in the Lake Constance
catchment
More than 90 % of all contaminants and nutrients are
removed from wastewater by well-developed wastewater
treatment plants (WWTP). What remains are
trace substances such as pesticides, drug residues,
flame retardants, industrial chemicals and other compounds
which are released into surface waters as
micropollutants. For many of these trace compounds
can be assumed that they - even in low concentrations
- have an adverse effect on the environment.
A literature study conducted by Triebskorn showed
that the Schussen is burdened by numerous micropollutants
- in concentrations, which in some cases
are considerably above the effect threshold of aquatic
organisms. Since these micropollutants ultimately
enter the Lake Constance via Schussen, the expansion
of the WWTP Langwiese (association for sewage
treatment Mariatal) in Ravensburg is appreciated. To
examine whether the decrease of trace compounds
by activated carbon filtering is reflected in improving
the health status of fish and prey organisms in the
Schussen, an effect related „before-after study” should
be conducted. Furthermore should be demonstrated
how existing endocrine potentials can be reduced and
to what extent this reduction affects aquatic organisms.
By combining biological effect studies and chemical
analysis in a temporal (before and after WWTPextension)
and spatial gradient (up- and downstream
of wastewater effluent) is guaranteed to bring the
causes and effects in exposed organisms in correlation
and to document the success of the treatment plant
expansion.
As part of the SchussenAktiv-project samples are
tested for both micropollutants (GC/ MS analysis) as
well as for estrogenic activity (via E-screen assay) at
the ISWA.
Financing institution:
Ministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Verkehr,
Baden Württemberg
Contact:
Prof. Dr. Rita Triebskorn (Universität Tübingen),
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Jörg W. Metzger,
Dr. Bertram Kuch,
Dipl. Chem. Claudia Lange
Project partner:
University of Tübingen
Institut für Seenforschung Langenargen (ISF)
DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe
(DVGW-TZW)
University of Frankfurt
Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno
Biologiebüro Weyhmüller (BBW)
Gewässerökologisches Labor Starzach
HYDRA-Institut Konstanz
Regierungspräsidium Tübingen
Duration:
2010 - continuously
170

Hydrobiology and analysis of organic trace compounds BiOS
Contact
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65443
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67809
E-Mail: bertram.kuch@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Scientists
Dr. rer. nat. Angela Boley
Tel.: +49 (0)711 685 65441
Fax: +49 (0)711 685 63729
E-Mail: Angela.Boley@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Ing. Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan, M.Sc.
Tel.: +49 (0)711 685 63720
Fax: +49 (0)711 685 63729
E-Mail: asya.drenkova@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Dipl.-Chem. Claudia Lange
Tel.: +49 (0)711 685 65741
Fax: +49 (0)711 685 63729
E-Mail: claudia.lange@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
Laboratory staff
Suse Gaiser (BTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65496
Regina Görig (LTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65452
Andrea Kern (LTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65741
Matthias Mischo (CTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65452
Giuseppina Müller (CTA)
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-65454
Since 2010 retired:
Dr.-Ing. Wolf-Rüdiger Müller, Akad. Oberrat
171

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and
Education
The facilities of the LFKW play an important part in the traditionally practice-oriented education at our institute.
Within the scope of practical training measures, the assistance in research projects and working on Master’s theses,
the students are provided with plenty of opportunities to become familiar with the details of the equipment
and the operation of a highly mechanized sewage treatment plant.
The LFKW is operating under real conditions: its primary task is the purification of the wastewater from the
university campus in Stuttgart-Vaihingen and from the nearby Büsnau district of which the total daily volume is
about 2.000 cubic metres. In order to comply with the strong official discharge regulations and to provide opportunities
for research at the same time, the LFKW has a multitrack purification system: all process steps required
for advanced wastewater treatment consist of at least two parallel units. In this way separate plant components
can be used at any time for fullscale research, independent of the other units and without any adverse effects on
the quality of the final effluent. Additional experimental areas inside and outside of a large two-storey hall offer
a wide variety of options for research work and individually contracted investigations on a semi-technical scale.
The LFKW also offers its services to technical companies, operators of municipal environmental facilities and
engineer’s offices: from the testing of measuring devices, chemical aids etc. under practical conditions through
the manufacturing of laboratory test equipment to the leasing of complete pilot plants for the treatment of wastewater,
sludge and exhaust air.
172

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
173

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Annual Report 2010 - Overallview
174

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
175

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Annual Report 2010 - Monthly Data
176

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
177

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
178

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
Annual Report 2010 - Performance Diagram
Performance Diagram: Ablauf
Performance Diagram: Zulauf
179

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Annual Report 2011 - Overallview
180

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
181

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Annual Report 2011 - Monthly Data
182

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
183

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
184

Sewage Treatment Plant for Research and Education LFKW
Annual Report 2011 - Performance Diagram
Performance Diagram: Ablauf
Performance Diagram: Zulauf
185

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Contact
Dr.-Ing. Peter Maurer
Tel: +49 (0)711/685-63724
Fax: +49 (0)711/685-67637
E-Mail: peter.maurer@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de
186

Imprint
Publisher:
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and
Solid Waste Management
Bandtäle 2
70569 Stuttgart
Germany
www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de/index.en.html
Cover:
Solutioncube GmbH
Conception:
Dipl.-Geol. Detlef Clauß
M.A. Constanze Sanwald
Dörte Hahn
© 2012
187

Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
188

Universität Stuttgart
Chair of Sanitary Engineering
and Waterrecycling
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heidrun Steinmetz
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63723
Wastewater Technology | AWT
Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Meyer
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63754
Industrial Water and Wastewater
Technology | IWT
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Menzel
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65417
Urban Drainage | SE
Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Dittmer
Tel.: ++49 (0) 711/685-69350
Water Quality Management and
Water Supply | WGW
Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Minke
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65423
Chair of Waste Management and
Emissions
o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65500
Biological Air Purification | ALR
Prof. Dr. rer. nat.
Karl-Heinrich Engesser
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63734
Solid Waste Management | SIA
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Fischer
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65427
Resouces Management
und Industrial Waste | RIK
Dipl.-Ing. Gerold Hafner
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65438
Emissions | EMS
Dr.-Ing. Martin Reiser
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65416
Chair of Hydrochemistry
and Hydrobiology
o. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil.
Jörg W. Metzger
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63721
Hydrochemistry and Analytical
Quality Assurance | CH
Dr.-Ing. Michael Koch
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65444
Hydrobiology and Analysis of
Organic Trace Compounds | BiOS
Dr. rer. nat. Bertram Kuch
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65443
Sewage Treatment Plant for
Research and Education | LFKW
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Maurer
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-65420
Administrative Office
Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Mollweide
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63713
Bandtäle 2
70569 Stuttgart
Germany
Tel.: +49 (0) 711/685-63721
Fax: +49 (0) 711/685-63729
www.iswa.uni-stuttgart.de