Participation and Democracy: Dynamics, Causes ... - Jacobs University

CONTENTS
Figures and Tables
Introduction 1
A
Theoretical Considerations
1 Elite-Challenging Activities as Political Participation 9
2 Theoretical Framework: What Explains Dynamics, Causes and
Consequences of Elite-Challenging Activities? 15
2.1 Modernization and Value Change 15
2.2 Organizational Changes and Social Capital 21
2.2.1 Organizational Changes 21
2.2.2 Declining Social Capital and Elite-Challenging Activities 25
2.3 Resources, Motivation and the Question of Political Equality 30
2.3.1 Political Equality 30
2.3.2 Resources, Equality and Elite-Challenging Activities 33
2.3.3 Motivation, Equality and Elite-Challenging Activities 35
2.4 Opportunity Structures and Elite-Challenging Activities 38
2.5 Crisis of Democracy: Government Overload and Elite-
Challenging Activities 41
3 Hypotheses 44
B
Methods and Data
4 Methodological Background, Data and Measures 50
4.1 Survey Research and Alternative Ways to Measure
Participation 51
4.2 Country Selection 56
4.3 Data Sets and Measures of Elite-Challenging Behavior 61
4.4 Measurement of Elite-Challenging Political Action (dependent
variable) 66