Chapter 3 Population Geography - W.H. Freeman

80 Chapter 3 Population Geography
Crude Death Rate
80
180 140 100 60 20
80
60
Death Rate
(deaths per year
per 1,000 population)
12 – 20
10 – 11
7 – 9
1 – 6
Not available
40
20
0
140 120
20
0 1000 2000 mi.
0 1000 2000 3000
km
Scale at latitude 35°
Flat Polar Quartic
equal area projection
40
Figure 3.5 Crude death rate. This map
shows deaths per thousand population per
year. (Source: Population Reference Bureau.)
100 80 60 40 20
shortcomings. First is the inexorable stage-by-stage progression
implicit in the model. Have countries or regions
ever skipped a stage or regressed? Certainly. The case of
China shows how policy, in this case government-imposed
restrictions on births, can fast-forward an entire nation to
stage 4 (see Subject to Debate). War, too, can occasion a
return to an earlier stage in the model by increasing death
rates. For instance, Angola and Afghanistan are two countries
with recent histories of conflict and with some of the
highest death rates in the world: 24 per 1000 and 18 per
1000, respectively. In other cases, wealth has not led to
declining
Maps.com
fertility. Thanks to oil exports, residents of Saudi
WH Freeman and Company Publishers
Domosh/The Human Mosaic, 12e
Perm Fig: 305
Domosh_Fig3.05a - Death Rate
April 20, 2011 - Final
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
Arabia enjoy relatively high average incomes; but fertility,
too, remains relatively high at nearly 4 children per woman
in 2010. Indeed, the Population Reference Bureau has
pointed to a “demographic divide” between countries
where the demographic transition model applies well and
others—mostly poorer countries or those experiencing
widespread conflict or disease—where birth and death
rates do not necessarily follow the model’s predictions.
Even in Europe, there are countries where fertility has
dropped precipitously, while at the same time death rates
have escalated. In countries such as Russia, which, according
to Peter Coclanis, has “somehow managed to reverse