Melion and Biclarel - University of Liverpool

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Acknowledgements I should like to express my thanks to Glyn S. Burgess for his continued help and encouragement, and especially for inviting me to choose texts to edit for the Liverpool Online Series. Thanks are due to Linda Paterson, who kindly went through my translations and whose suggestions resulted in great improvements; and to Keith Busby for his great interest in the project, and for checking the transcription and translation of Biclarel and offering many suggestions. I am also grateful to Gillian Rogers for drawing my attention to a particular depiction of shields in the Bayeux Tapestry. Thanks also to Matt Grice for his unfailing patience and enthusiasm for the project.
Introduction 1 Melion and Biclarel are two redactions of a werwolf tale which occurs in several French versions in the high Middle Ages. These include Marie de France’s 2 3 Bisclavret, written in the 1160s or 1170s, of which Biclarel is a reworking. Melion, a Breton lay like Marie’s narrative, has close parallels with Bisclavret, but significant alterations in plot and tone suggest the working of other influences. Manuscripts, Editions, Translations MELION Melion is preserved in a single manuscript, Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, 3516, f. 343r, col. 1 – 344r, col. 4, now commonly identified as MS C, although in earlier editions (Horak, Grimes) it is designated P. Written in the Picard 4 5 dialect, the manuscript is dated around 1268. A second manuscript, Turin, L. iv. 6 33, f. 60r, col.1 – f. 63r, col. 1, was destroyed in a fire. This manuscript, known as T, was also in the Picard dialect and dated to the early fifteenth century; fortunately, variants were recorded in detail by Horak and are largely reproduced in Grimes. 1 Parts of this introduction originally appeared in Hopkins, ‘Identity in the Narrative Breton Lay’, pp. 63-96. See also Hopkins, ‘Bisclavret to Biclarel’, pp. 317-23 (for full details of all items mentioned, see the Bibliography). 2 Burgess and Brook, Three Old French Narrative Lays, p. 7. Quotations from Marie’s lays are from the edition by Ewert. Unless otherwise stated, English translations of all Old French material throughout are my own. 3 Marie’s text was also translated into Old Norse prose and appears in a collection known as Strengleikar. References in the present work are to the edition by Cook and Tveitane, in which the narrative, named Biclaret, appears on pp. 85-99. 4 Tobin, Les Lais anonymes, p. 290, cf. pp. 86-89. Quotations from the anonymous Old French lays, other than Melion, edited here, are from Tobin’s edition. 5 6 Burgess, The Old French Narrative Lay, p. 93. Tobin, Les Lais anonymes, p. 289. She supplies no further details about the fire. 7
Page 1 and 2: MELION AND BICLAREL TWO OLD FRENCH
Page 3 and 4: Melion and Biclarel Two Old French
Page 5: Contents Acknowledgements .........
Page 9 and 10: Introduction a complete edition of
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 19 innovation in her P
Page 13 and 14: Introduction in evoking the origina
Page 15 and 16: Introduction marries a lady. Biclar
Page 17 and 18: Introduction Bisclavret’s revelat
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Page 21 and 22: Introduction Grimes follows Kittred
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Melion and Biclarel - University of Liverpool

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