Thermocouples - Nuova Elva

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JUMO GmbH & Co. KG Delivery address:Mackenrodtstraße 14, 36039 Fulda, Germany Postal address: 36035 Fulda, Germany Phone: +49 661 6003-0 Fax: +49 661 6003-607 e-mail: mail@jumo.net Internet: www.jumo.net JUMO Instrument Co. Ltd. JUMO House Temple Bank, Riverway Harlow, Essex CM 20 2TT, UK Phone: +44 1279 635533 Fax: +44 1279 635262 e-mail: sales@jumo.co.uk Internet: www.jumo.co.uk JUMO PROCESS CONTROL INC. 885 Fox Chase, Suite 103 Coatesville PA 19320, USA Phone: 610-380-8002 1-800-554-JUMO Fax: 610-380-8009 e-mail: info@JumoUSA.com Internet: www.JumoUSA.com Data Sheet 90.1000 Page 2/16 Linearity The voltage produced by a thermocouple is not linear with temperature and must therefore be liniearized by the subsequent electronics. Digital instruments are programmed with linearization tables, or appropriate calibration values have to be entered by the user. Analog instruments are often provided with non-linear scales. The characteristics of thermocouples (Fig. 3) are defined by voltage tables to ensure full interchangeability. This means, for example, that a Fe-Con thermocouple Type J can be replaced by any other thermocouple of this type irrespective of the manufacturer, without requiring any recalibration of the instrument to which it is connected. Compensating cables to EN and DIN Compensating cables for thermocouples have their electric and mechanical properties defined in the EN 60 584 or DIN 43 714 standards. They are made either of the same material as the thermocouple itself (thermocables, extension cables) or from special materials with the same thermoelectric properties within restricted temperature ranges (compensating cables proper). The use of compensating cables saves the extra cost in the case of certain noble metals. Compensating cables consist of twisted cores and are identified by a color code and code letters as follows: Letter 1: code letter for the thermocouple Letter 2: X: same material as thermocouple C: special material Letter 3: several types of compensating cable can be distinguished by a third letter. Example: KX: compensating cable for NiCr-Ni thermocouple Type K made from thermocouple material RCA: compensating cable for PtRh-Pt thermocouple Type R, made from special material Type A Thermocouple Tolerance classes Fe-Con J Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 - 40 to + 750°C: - 40 to + 750°C: Cu-Con T Class 1 - 40 to + 350°C: Class 2 - 40 to + 350°C: Class 3 -200 to + 40°C: Ni-CrNi K Class 1 and NiCrSi-NiSi N Class 2 Class 3 NiCr-Con E Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Pt10Rh-Pt S Class 1 and Class 2 Pt13Rh-Pt R Class 3 Pt30Rh- Pt6Rh Table 3: Tolerances to EN 60 584 B Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Table 4: Tolerances to DIN 43 710 (1977) - 40 to +1000°C: - 40 to +1200°C: -200 to + 40°C: - 40 to + 800°C: - 40 to + 900°C: -200 to + 40°C: 0 to +1600°C: - 40 to +1600°C: +600 to +1700°C: +600 to +1700°C: Fig. 3: Characteristics of thermocouples to EN 60 584 ±0.004 x t ±0.0075 x t ±0.004 x t ±0.0075 x t ±0.0015 x t ±0.004 x t ±0.0075 x t ±0.015 x t ±0.004 x t ±0.0075 x t ±0.015 x t ±[1+(t-1100) x 0.003] ±0.0025 x t ±0.0025 x t ±0.005 x t Thermocouple Tolerances Cu-Con U +100 to +400 °C: ±3°C +400 to +600 °C: ±0.0075 x t Fe-Con L +100 to +400 °C: ±3°C +400 to +900 °C: ±0.0075 x t Thermal voltage/mV Temperature/°C NiCr-Con E Fe-Con J NiCr-Ni K NiCrSi-NiSi N or ±1.5°C or ±2.5°C or ±0.5°C or ±1.0°C or ±1.0°C or ±1.5°C or ±2.5°C or ±2.5°C or ±1.5°C or ±2.5°C or ±2.5°C or ±1.0°C or ±1.5°C or ±1.5°C or ±4.0°C Pt13Rh-Pt R Pt10Rh-Pt S Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh B The tolerance classes 1 and 2 are defined for compensating cables. Class 1 has closer tolerances, which can only be met by extension cables made from the same material as the thermocouple, i.e. the X- type. Compensating cables proper are normally supplied to Class 2. Table 5 shows the tolerances for the different compensating cable classes. 11.03/00073412
JUMO GmbH & Co. KG Delivery address:Mackenrodtstraße 14, 36039 Fulda, Germany Postal address: 36035 Fulda, Germany Phone: +49 661 6003-0 Fax: +49 661 6003-607 e-mail: mail@jumo.net Internet: www.jumo.net JUMO Instrument Co. Ltd. JUMO House Temple Bank, Riverway Harlow, Essex CM 20 2TT, UK Phone: +44 1279 635533 Fax: +44 1279 635262 e-mail: sales@jumo.co.uk Internet: www.jumo.co.uk JUMO PROCESS CONTROL INC. 885 Fox Chase, Suite 103 Coatesville PA 19320, USA Phone: 610-380-8002 1-800-554-JUMO Fax: 610-380-8009 e-mail: info@JumoUSA.com Internet: www.JumoUSA.com Data Sheet 90.1000 Page 3/16 The operating temperature range in Table 5 covers the temperature to which the entire cable may be exposed, including the thermocouple terminations, without exceeding the specified tolerances. Because of the non-linearity of the thermal voltage, the tolerances in mV or °C only apply to the measured temperatures specified in the right column. This means, for example: A thermocouple Type J is connected to a compensating cable Type JX, Class 2. If the measured temperature remains constant at 500°C and the temperature of the terminals and/or the compensating cable varies from -25 to +200°C, then the indicated temperature varies by not more than ±2.5°C. Color coding of compensating cables The color coding of compensating cables is laid down in EN 60 584 and DIN 43 713 (1990). For thermocouples to EN 60 584 (Table 6) this means: The positive limb has the same color as the sheath, the negative limb is white. The “old” thermocouples Type L and U to DIN 43 713 (Table 7) are coded differently. There are no details for the Pt30Rh-Pt6Rh thermocouple Type B. Ordinary copper connecting cables (plain copper) can be used as compensating cables in this case. According to DIN 43 714, the cable cores are twisted together for electromagnetic screening. Additional screening by foil or braiding can be provided. The insulation resistance between the cores and between cores and screening must not be less than 10 7 Ω xm -1 at the maximum temperature; the breakdown voltage exceeds 500 VAC. Thermocouple and wire type JX TX EX KX NX KCA KCB NC RCA RCB SCA SCB ± 85µV/±1.5°C ± 30µV/±0.5°C ± 120µV/±1.5°C ± 60µV/±1.5°C ± 60µV/±1.5°C - - - - - - - Tolerance classes 1 2 ± 140µV/±2.5°C ± 60µV/±1.0°C ± 200µV/±2.5°C ± 100µV/±2.5°C ± 100µV/±2.5°C ± 100µV/±2.5°C ± 100µV/±2.5°C ± 100µV/±2.5°C ± 30µV/±2.5°C ± 60µV/±5.0°C ± 30µV/±2.5°C ± 60µV/±5.0°C Table 5: Tolerances for thermocables and compensating cables Table 6: Color coding for thermocouples to EN 60 584 Table 7: Color coding for thermocouples to DIN 43 713 Operating temperature range [°C] -25 to +200 -25 to +100 -25 to +200 -25 to +200 -25 to +200 0to+150 0to+100 0to+150 0to+100 0to+200 0to+100 0to+200 Table 8: Color coding for thermocouples to DIN 43 714 (1979) Measuring temperature [°C] 500 300 500 900 900 900 900 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 Thermocouple Type Sheath Positive limb Negative limb Cu-Con Fe-Con NiCr-Ni NiCrSi-NiSi NiCr-Con Pt10Rh-Pt Pt13Rh-Pt T J K N E S R brown black green mauve violet orange orange brown black green mauve violet orange orange white white white white white white white Thermocouple Type Sheath Positive limb Negative limb Fe-Con L blue red blue Cu-Con U brown red brown Thermocouple Type Sheath Positive limb Negative limb NiCr-Ni Pt10Rh-Pt Pt13Rh-Pt K S R green white white red red red green white white In addition to these color codes for compensating cables, there are also those according to DIN 43 714, 1979 (Table 8). They differ in certain respects from the ones mentioned above. Where there are no color codes, it is not possible to identify cables by magnetism, color or hardness. Compensating cables Type KCA and KCB differ from the thermocable KX and the thermocouple Type K by having a magnetic positive limb. 11.03/00073412
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Thermocouples - Nuova Elva

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