Volu m e II - Purdue University Calumet

ecoded variables are ordinal variables, we will employ the Gamma strength of association test. The Gamma
test of association and the results are shown below (see Table C).
TABLE C
Value
Asymp. Std.
Approx.
Error a Approx. T b Sig.
Ordinal by Ordinal Gamma .522 .034 12.790 .000
N of Valid Cases 1144
The output shows that the real value of the relationship is .522. This magnitude shows that there is
evidence of a strong and extremely interesting association between the two variables. The value also
indicates that the direction of the relationship; the positive value in front of .522 indicates that the
relationship is positive. This value confirms our previous observations, and shows us that our hypothesis
was correct because, the relationship is consistent with the hypothesis. However, it still remains to be seen
whether this relationship exists in the population or is the result of sampling error.
In order to determine if the results obtained are statistically significant, the Chi- Square test of
significance was used (see Table D). In order for a relationship to be statistically significant, it must be
under a value of 0.05, which was established by social scientists to conclude that similar relationships in the
population can be concluded without there being a sampling error (Babbie, Halley, & Zaino, 2007). The
lower the value is under the set level of 0.05 the more significant the relationship.
TABLE D Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 172.346 a 4 .000
Likelihood Ratio 165.560 4 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 163.282 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 1144
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