Volcanoes - Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management

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Research on Volcanoes A SUMMARY OF WHO’S DOING WHAT IN THE AREA OF VOLCANOLOGICAL RESEARCH AROUND NEW ZEALAND AT THE INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR SCIENCES • Dr Colin Wilson (c.wilson@gns.cri.nz) – Physical volcanology. Studies explosive volcanic eruptions. • Brad Scott (b.scott@gns.cri.nz) – GeoNet, Volcano Surveillance. • Dr Hugh Bibby (h.bibby@gns.cri.nz) –specialising in electrical techniques for imaging subsurface hydrothermal and magma systems. • Grant Caldwell (g.caldwell@gns.cri.nz) – specialising in electrical techniques for imaging subsurface hydrothermal and magma systems. • Dr Bruce Christenson (b.christenson@gns.cri.nz) – gas and water chemistry from active volcanoes. • Dr Cornell de Ronde (c.deronde@gns.cri.nz) – focus on submarine volcanism. • Dr Mike Hagerty (m.hagerty@gns.cri.nz) –modelling of seismic waves associated with magma movement. • Joy Hoverd (j.hoverd@gns.cri.nz) – specialising in volcanic stratigraphy in Auckland. • Dr Tony Hurst (t.hurst@gns.cri.nz) – focus on Ruapehu and modelling ash distribution. • Dr David Johnston (d.johnston@gns.cri.nz) – Focus on physical impacts to infrastructure and social impacts of volcanism worldwide. • Dr Graham Leonard(g.leonard@gns.cri.nz) – volcanic stratigraphy and integrated warning systems. • Dr Vern Manville(v.manville@gns.cri.nz) – specialsing in lahars and sediment response. • Steve Sherburn(s.sherburn@gns.cri.nz) – focusing on seismic modelling of Taranaki. • Dr Nicki Stevens (n.stevens@gns.cri.nz - Specialises in volcano deformation from satellite radar interferometry. • Dr Cindy Werner (c.werner@gns.cri.nz) – specialising in gas chemistry and monitoring of gas emissions. AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY • Prof Vince Neall (v.e.neall@massey.ac.nz) specialises on the hazards at Ruapehu and Taranaki/Egmont volcanoes. • Dr Shane Cronin (s.j.cronin@massey.ac.nz); focuses on the physical volcanology of, and hazard management for the andesitic volcanoes of New Zealand. • Dr Jérôme Lecointre (j.a.lecointre) understanding the properties and hazards of mass-flows at stratovolcanoes and current research at the major New Zealand composite volcanoes. • Dr Bob Stewart (r.b.stewart@massey.ac.nz) volcanic petrology and geochemistry, especially in terms of understanding magma generation and storage processes and the implications of these for eruption dynamics at Ruapehu and Egmont volcanoes. • Dr Alan Palmer (a.s.palmer@massey.ac.nz) works with other national research agencies on using tephra layers to understand landscape change, fault movement and sedimentary basin development in Gisborne, Hawkes Bay and Wanganui/Rangitikei. • Dr Cleland Wallace (r.c.wallace@massey.ac.nz) focuses on the geochemical and petrological identification and use of volcanic ashes (tephrochronology) to understand erosion and landscape development processes throughout New Zealand. • Also within the Massey Group there are currently ten research students working on physical volcanology themes at Egmont/Taranaki, Ngauruhoe, Ruapehu and Vanuatu volcanoes. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY • Professor Jim Cole (jim.cole@canterbury.ac.nz) has an overall interest in the volcanic geology of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). His particular interest is in the silicic calderas of central TVZ. He is currently leading a group looking at the effects of ash on urban and rural environments. • Professor Steve Weaver (steve.weaver@canterbury.ac.nz) is interested in the petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in New Zealand, and the relationship between magma chemistry and tectonics. • Dr Tim Davies (tim.davies@canterbury.ac.nz) focuses on rock avalanche dynamics, including volcanic avalanches; landslide dam-break aggradation, dynamic rock fragmentation in largescale geomorphic processes, and natural hazard management. • Current student research projects include the vulnerability of components of infrastructure to volcanic ash; volcanic risk management and evacuation planning for the Auckland Volcanic Field; and evaluating the potential effects on infrastructure of a larger scale andestitic eruption from the Tongariro volcanoes. 58 TEPHRA June 2004
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO • James White (james.white@stonebow.otago.ac.nz) With Vern Manville and Colin Wilson of GNS, he and his students are investigating sedimentary responses to volcanic eruptions, particularly large rhyolitic ones. Related work in New Zealand addresses specific aspects of New Zealand’s explosive Rotomahana (Tarawera) eruption in 1886. • Alan Cooper (alan.cooper@stonebow.otago.ac. nz).He has students working on young volcanic rocks in Antarctica to help assess the development of the Ross Sea Embayment. This is in relation to the ANDRILL programme led by Gary Wilson (gary.wilson@otago.ac.nz) which is designed to use sediment cores from the seafloor around Antarctica to reconstruct timing and intensity of past glaciations and climate changes. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO • Prof Richard Price (r.price@waikato.ac.nz): The origins of magmas and nature of the magmatic processes occurring beneath Ruapehu and Taranaki volcanoes and the volcanoes of the Kermadec Islands. • Assoc. Prof Roger Briggs(r.briggs@waikato.ac.nz): The origins of magmas and the processes occurring within the complex, shallow magma reservoirs of caldera volcanoes in the Coromandel and Taupo volcanic zones. • Assoc. Prof. David Lowe (d.lowe@waikato.ac.nz): Correlation of tephra units especially cryptic (hidden) tephras to expand dossiers of New Zealand’s eruption history, and dating key eruptions to enable past environmental changes in the New Zealand region to be linked and compared with global records. • Dr Richard Smith (rtsmith@waikato.ac.nz):Research focuses on understanding and modelling the hazard processes and physical impacts of explosive eruptions, in particular from Tongariro cone complex, and the Taupo and Okataina calderas. • Dr Barbara Hobden (b.hobden@waikato.ac.nz): Establishing the mechanisms and timing of shallow magmatic processes at Ruapehu and Tongariro volcanoes. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND • Associate Professor Ian Smith (ie.smith@auckland.ac.nz ) is a specialist in the processes that produce the magmas in volcanic systems. He is actively working on projects dealing with the origin and evolution of volcanic systems at Ruapehu, Taranaki and the Auckland volcanic field and is also involved in volcanic studies in Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu. • Dr Phil Shane (pa.shane@auckland.ac.nz) is currently working on the eruption history of Okataina volcano. Work also focuses on the history of volcanic ashfall from both local and distal volcanoes in the Auckland region. On the Web Some great websites for information on volcanoes and emergency management www.civildefence.govt.nz National Information, tools, and resources to assist with implementing emergency management practices and solutions across New Zealand. Also useful links to local authority websites. www.geonet.org.nz/ The New Zealand GeoNet Project provides real-time monitoring and data collection for rapid response and research into earthquake, volcano, landslide and tsunami hazards. www.gns.cri.nz/what/earthact/volcanoes/ The Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences website offers a wide range of volcanic hazard services. www.arc.govt.nz/volcanic/ Auckland Regional Council’s website. Site also provides an overview of the volcanoes of Auckland. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ International The website of the United State Geological Survey, focusing on volcanic hazards. The site provides global updates on volcanic activity, information about risk reduction, and a wide variety of education resources. www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work An educational resource that describes the science behind volcanoes and volcanic processes, sponsored by San Diego State University. http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html Maintained by the University of North Dakota, this website offers information on the most recent volcanic activity across the planet, and provides access to movie clips of eruptions and virtual tours of volcanoes. www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes This website aims to provide some simple fundamental concepts about volcanic hazards. You can link to these sites, and more, from the Volcanoes pages at www.civildefence.govt.nz 59 TEPHRA June 2004
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TEPHRA KIA TAKATU TAHI TATOU Septem
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Living with Volcanoes Contents 2 Vo
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Volcanism has played an important r
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y collapse of the summit area to fo
Page 9 and 10: Dominating the central North Island
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Page 17 and 18: Vertical deformation in the caldera
Page 19 and 20: Level are made by an event coordina
Page 21 and 22: So what do we call this magnificent
Page 23 and 24: Coastal ring plain showing volcanic
Page 25 and 26: Egmont/Taranaki. The real truth is
Page 27 and 28: Security Coordination-DESC) to moni
Page 29 and 30: Our research at Massey University h
Page 31 and 32: Crater Lake at Ruapehu viewed from
Page 33 and 34: it is also the responsibility of al
Page 35 and 36: oes This article outlines how the
Page 37 and 38: 2. Allowing for immediate communica
Page 39 and 40: AUCKLAND ENGINEERING LIFELINES PREP
Page 41 and 42: Volcanic eruptions can result in a
Page 43 and 44: Soiling interiors Ash can enter a b
Page 45 and 46: conditions, overloading of telephon
Page 47 and 48: approaches can be used: • Policy
Page 49 and 50: In about 1315AD Tarawera volcano er
Page 51 and 52: ASHFALL IMPACT SCENARIO 300mm (30cm
Page 53 and 54: schools (if there is need for a rap
Page 55 and 56: The Okataina Threat for the Bay of
Page 57 and 58: to return. How are we going to cope
Page 59: neighbouring districts in order for
Page 63 and 64: The majority of Auckland's 1.3 mill
Page 65 and 66: mountain in their backyard’ will
Page 67 and 68: BE PREPARED There are seven active
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