A GUIDE TO REFERENCING with examples in the Harvard style

2. ADDING IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR DIRECT QUOTATIONS
A direct quotation is when you directly copy the exact words of an author(s), in the same order as in the original text. There are different rules for direct quotations
depending on how many words you copy.
Formatting rules
Length of
quotation
Format
Example
1to30words
- Include the direct quotation in the paragraph.
- Use single quotation marks around the quotation.
- Include the page number(s) in the in-text citation.
- Ensure the direct quotation is EXACTLY the same wording
as the original.
Nuclear power is being muted as a possible solution to the realities of global
warming. ‘Nuclear power is more important today than ever before’ (Nguyen 2008,
p. 5). However, while under the constant threat of terrorism, many remain nervous
about more nuclear power plants being constructed. The issue of nuclear waste is
another concern and many argue that we should have no nuclear power plants at
all. One who argues against nuclear power is Smythe (2006, pp. 6-7) who states
that ‘the crux of the matter is whether or not any country should be allowed to have
nuclear power’.
31+ words - Start the quotation on a new line.
- Do not use quotation marks around the quotation.
- Introduce the quotation with a colon.
- Indent (on the left) one centimetre from the main text.
- Use one font size smaller than the rest of your assignment.
- Use single line spacing for the actual quotation.
- Include the page number(s) in the in-text citation.
- Ensure the direct quotation is EXACTLY the same wording
as the original.
All students complain that books about citing and referencing are too difficult and
too long. However, Menand (2003, pp.120-121) points out that:
Some people will complain that the new Chicago Manual is too long. These
people do not understand the nature of style. There is, if not a right way, a best
way to do every single thing, down to the proverbial dotting of the “i”. The
Manual is not too long. It is not long enough. It will never be long enough. The
perfect manual of style would be like the perfect map of the world; it would need
an extra universe to accommodate it. It would be worth it.
Many would not agree with Menand’s call for such a volume. Some say …
A Guide to Referencing 11