Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

412 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy
A
B
Fig. 3-207 A, A 4-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat with chronic hematuria and
stranguria. There are two metal clips noted on the survey view, presumably from the previous castration.
No abnormalities are noted. B, The double-contrast cystogram revealed mild thickening of
the cranial ventral portion of the bladder, two irregularly ovoid filling defects within the puddle that
stayed in the dependent portion regardless of positioning, and a small contrast-filled diverticulum
(white arrow) off the cranial border of the bladder. Diagnosis: Radiolucent cystic calculi (magnesium
and ammonium phosphate), cystitis, and cystic diverticulum.
Fig. 3-208 A 4-year-old female
mixed breed dog with hematuria for
6 weeks. A and B, The double-contrast
cystogram revealed a small filling
defect within the contrast puddle
on both views. This indicated that
the mass is moveable within the
bladder. The smooth borders and
size suggest that a calculus is
unlikely. Differential diagnoses
include blood clot or calculus.
Diagnosis: Intravesicular blood clot
secondary to hematuria from a right
renal adenocarcinoma.
A
B
other bladder abnormalities, the kidneys should be examined carefully because they are
sometimes the source of the hemorrhage. Other material, such as strands of mucus or
other cellular debris, may be noted. Mucus usually will produce thin, linear filling defects.
Cellular debris may produce small, amorphous filling defects (Fig. 3-210).
Several foreign bodies have been described within the urinary bladder. 702 Some of
these, such as air rifle pellets, are radiopaque and can be identified on the noncontrast radiograph.
Others, such as fragments of urinary catheters or migrating plant awns, can be
detected only by cystography. Catheter fragments produce a filling defect within the contrast
puddle during double-contrast cystography. A pair of parallel radiolucent lines with
contrast in the center (the catheter lumen) typically is seen with retained catheter