Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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Chapter Four The Appendicular Skeleton 539 Fig. 4-84 A 4-year-old male Basenji with moderate anemia. The lateral radiographs of the forelimbs reveal a generalized increase in density (osteosclerosis) in all bones. Similar changes were present in the hind limbs and ribs. Diagnosis: Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency of Basenjis. ANATOMICAL, CONGENITAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, IDIOPATHIC C H O N D R O D Y S P L A S I A Several inherited chondrodysplasias, conditions due to abnormal cartilage development, have been described. These include dwarfisms of Alaskan Malamutes, English Pointers, and Irish Setters as well as cats; chondrodysplasia of Great Pyrenees and Norwegian elkhounds; endochondrodystrophy of English Pointers; osteochondrodysplasia in Bull Terriers and Scottish Deerhounds; skeletal and retinal dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers and Samoyed dogs; chondrodysplasia in a cat; pseudoachondroplasia in Poodles; and congenital epiphyseal dysplasia in Beagles and Poodles. 346-366 In some breeds (e.g., English Bulldogs, Welsh Corgis, Skye Terriers, and Basset Hounds) the deformity resulting from chondrodysplasia is considered to be normal and desirable. However, in some individuals this can result in such asymmetric growth between the radius and ulna that there is subluxation of the radioulnar joints and resultant clinical signs (Fig. 4-85). Alaskan Malamute Dwarfism. A mendelian recessive short-limbed dwarfism has been described in Alaskan Malamute dogs. 353,354 The skeletal lesion was generalized and symmetric and best demonstrated in the carpus of 4- to 12-week-old dogs (Fig. 4-86). The distal ulnar and radial metaphyses were widened and irregular. The time of appearance and the ossification of epiphyseal growth centers were delayed compared with normal Alaskan Malamutes. Lateral deviation of the paw and stunted growth were observed.
540 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy Fig. 4-85 A 2-year-old spayed female Basset Hound was brought in for left forelimb lameness. A, Radiographic findings in the left elbow include subluxation (arrows), with the coronoid process of the ulna failing to align with the condyles of the distal humerus. B, The right elbow is within normal limits (arrow), and the radiograph shows a normal relationship of the coronoid process with the distal humerus. Diagnosis: Asymmetric ulnar versus radial growth with open physes. A B Skeletal and Retinal Dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers. A skeletal dysplasia of Labrador Retrievers has been described. The radiographic changes have included delayed epiphyseal development with retarded radial, ulnar, and tibial growth; ununited and hypoplastic anconeal processes; and coxofemoral joint deformities combined with retinal dysplasia, retinal detachment, and cataract formation (Fig. 4-87). 351,361 Abnormal skeletal development can be detected at 8 weeks of age. Radiographically, distal ulnar growth plate irregularities with retained cartilaginous cores and delayed development of the anconeus, coronoid, and medial humeral epicondyle may be seen. 361 The radius and ulna were shortened and curved. Shallow acetabula, thickened femoral necks, and periarticular osteophytes were described. Stifle osteoarthrosis and shortened femurs also occurred. Pseudoachondroplasia in Poodles. Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia becomes evident at 3 weeks of age in affected Miniature Poodles. 356 Joint enlargement; short, bent limbs; flattened rib cages; and abnormal locomotion with hind limb abduction have been described.
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SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier Sci
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C H A P T E R O N E Introduction GE
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Chapter One Introduction 3 Fig. 1-1
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metal. Soft tissues or organs surro
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Inadequate penetration will result
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Chapter One Introduction 9 signal i
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Chapter One Introduction 13 Mach ba
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Chapter One Introduction 17 indicat
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Chapter One Introduction 23 24. Lev
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26 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ult
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A B C Fig. 2-63 A 10-year-old male
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Fig. 2-101 A 7-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 3-234 A 7-year-old female Brit
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Page 551 and 552: Fig. 4-97 A 10-year-old male mixed
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I N D E X A Abdomen, abnormal prese
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Index 729 Bone, cysts of, 525-527,
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Index 731 Ear, abscess of—cont’
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Index 733 Hydrocephalus—cont’d
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Index 735 Lungs. See also Pulmonary
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Index 737 Pregnancy, determination
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Index 739 S-shaped aortic deformity
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Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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