Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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Chapter Four The Appendicular Skeleton 563 A B Fig. 4-114 A 2-year-old female Chesapeake Bay Retriever was brought in for routine hip evaluation. A, There is subluxation of the right coxofemoral joint with no remodeling changes present. B, Follow-up radiographs were obtained 2 years later. At this time both femoral heads appear deeply seated within their respective acetabula. Joint surfaces are smooth. There is no evidence of degenerative joint disease. The pelvic conformation appears normal at this age. Although the animal appeared to have dysplastic hips at 2 years of age, the follow-up radiographs indicate that the pelvis is normal. This is an unusual occurrence; however, it emphasizes the need for follow-up radiographs in animals in which the radiographic evidence of hip dysplasia is minimal. Diagnosis: Normal pelvis. 24 months of age should be considered provisional. A repeat study at 2 1 2 or 3 years of age may be required in dogs with borderline pelvic conformation. Another study has shown that preliminary readings (i.e., before 24 months of age) are generally reliable. The correlations with the final diagnoses were best at the extremes of the range (excellent hip joint conformation had 100% correlation, moderate hip dysplasia had 94.7% correlation). Correlations were weaker in the less definitive ends of the range of diagnoses (76.9% for fair hip joint conformation and 84.4% with mild hip dysplasia). 493 The OFA has defined standards of hip joint conformation ranging from excellent hip joint conformation (superior hip joint conformation as compared with other individuals of the same breed and age) to severe hip dysplasia (radiographic evidence of marked dys-
564 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy plastic changes of the hip joints). Radiographically, these depend upon the depth of the acetabulum, the degree of subluxation, and the presence of any degenerative changes (see Figs. 4-110 to 4-114). 475 Repeated radiographic examinations may be necessary for an accurate diagnosis. 493-496 A new method of radiography using a distraction method (PennHip) has been reported for the purpose of diagnosing canine hip dysplasia in dogs younger than 2 years. 497-503 This method uses an adjustable distraction device to determine the degree of joint laxity present in the dog. The degree of laxity derived using this method is referred to as the distraction index (DI). Although the data are still developing, results suggest that (1) a DI of >0.7 was associated with a high probability of developing dysplasia, (2) a DI of
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SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier Sci
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C H A P T E R O N E Introduction GE
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Chapter One Introduction 3 Fig. 1-1
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metal. Soft tissues or organs surro
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Inadequate penetration will result
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Chapter One Introduction 9 signal i
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Chapter One Introduction 11 previou
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Chapter One Introduction 13 Mach ba
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Chapter One Introduction 15 malitie
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Chapter One Introduction 17 indicat
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Chapter One Introduction 19 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 21 Fig. 1-
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Chapter One Introduction 23 24. Lev
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A B C Fig. 2-63 A 10-year-old male
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Fig. 2-101 A 7-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 3-234 A 7-year-old female Brit
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Page 521 and 522: Fig. 4-59 A 9-year-old female Russi
Page 531 and 532: Fig. 4-73 A 2-year-old female Saint
Page 551 and 552: Fig. 4-97 A 10-year-old male mixed
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I N D E X A Abdomen, abnormal prese
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Index 729 Bone, cysts of, 525-527,
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Index 731 Ear, abscess of—cont’
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Index 733 Hydrocephalus—cont’d
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Index 735 Lungs. See also Pulmonary
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Index 737 Pregnancy, determination
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Index 739 S-shaped aortic deformity
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Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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