Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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Chapter Four The Appendicular Skeleton 567 Fig. 4-118 A 6-month-old female Golden Retriever with a right foreleg lameness of 3 months duration. Muscle atrophy and some limitation of flexion and extension of both elbows were noted. Both elbows were radiographed. Lateral and anteroposterior (A) and oblique (B) radiographs of the left elbow are illustrated. There is a lucent defect in the medial humeral condyle (open arrow) and slight irregularity of the coronoid process. There is bony proliferation on the caudal aspect of the humeral epicondyle (closed arrow). Diagnosis: Osteochondritis dissecans of the left elbow. Similar changes were present in the right elbow. A B
568 Small Animal Radiolo g y and Ultrasono graphy A B Fig. 4-119 A and B, A 6-month-old male Bullmastiff with forelimb lameness and muscle atrophy of all four limbs. On physical examination some pain was noted with manipulation of the stifles. Both shoulders and stifles were radiographed. The left stifle is illustrated. There is soft-tissue swelling of the left stifle joint and an area of flattening involving the lateral condyle of the distal left femur (arrows). There is no evidence of a free fragment. Diagnosis: Osteochondritis dissecans of the left femur. A similar lesion was present in the right stifle. the medial humeral epicondyle (Figs. 4-121 and 4-122). The anconeal apophysis usually fuses with the remainder of the ulna around 4 months of age. A definitive diagnosis should not be made until 41/2 to 5 months of age, because there is a certain amount of normal variation in the time of fusion between the anconeal process and the ulna. The prognosis is poor when secondary degenerative joint disease is present. Regardless of therapy attempted, affected joints usually will develop significant degenerative joint disease. Both elbows should be evaluated routinely despite the absence of clinical signs in one of the elbows, because the condition frequently is bilateral. Fracture or dislocation of the anconeal process may occur due to trauma or secondary to distal ulnar physeal injury and the resultant altered growth of the radius and ulna (see Fig. 4-122). Subluxation of the humeral-ulnar articulation will be evident in these cases and radiographs of the entire radius and ulna will confirm the diagnosis. A theory argues that some ununited anconeal processes are due to the asymmetric longitudinal growth of the radius versus the ulna, resulting in stress and subluxation of the elbow. 546,547 A counter argument is made because most cases of asymmetric growth in breeds prone to this (e.g., Basset Hounds, Welsh Corgis) are not prone to ununited anconeal processes. 548 FRAGMENTED CORONOID PROCESS. Fragmented coronoid process, involving usually the medial process but sometimes involving the lateral or both processes, is difficult to diag-
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SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier Sci
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C H A P T E R O N E Introduction GE
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Chapter One Introduction 3 Fig. 1-1
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metal. Soft tissues or organs surro
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A B C Fig. 2-63 A 10-year-old male
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Fig. 2-101 A 7-year-old male mixed
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Fig. 3-234 A 7-year-old female Brit
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Page 521 and 522: Fig. 4-59 A 9-year-old female Russi
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I N D E X A Abdomen, abnormal prese
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Index 729 Bone, cysts of, 525-527,
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Index 731 Ear, abscess of—cont’
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Index 733 Hydrocephalus—cont’d
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Index 735 Lungs. See also Pulmonary
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Index 737 Pregnancy, determination
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Index 739 S-shaped aortic deformity
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Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas and Text

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