DPM Control Strategies at Leeville Mine - SME
DPM Control Strategies at Leeville Mine - SME
DPM Control Strategies at Leeville Mine - SME
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<strong>DPM</strong> <strong>Control</strong> <strong>Str<strong>at</strong>egies</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>Leeville</strong> <strong>Mine</strong><br />
Troy Terrillion & Sandeep Arya<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong> Mining i Complex<br />
Newmont USA Limited
<strong>Mine</strong> Loc<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Carlin Trend<br />
Midas<br />
Exodus<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
Pete Bajo<br />
Chukar<br />
2
<strong>Leeville</strong> mine - Timeline<br />
Production shaft<br />
Ventil<strong>at</strong>ion shaft<br />
Newmont’s first underground mine accessed via a shaft in Nevada<br />
1994 – Discovery hole drilled<br />
2002 – Development of <strong>Leeville</strong> Decline from Carlin East <strong>Mine</strong> begins<br />
2003 – Vent & Prod. Shafts construction begins<br />
2004 – Connection with ug workings and Vent Shaft established<br />
2006 – Completion of Production Shaft<br />
2008 – Production <strong>at</strong> 3500 tpd sustained<br />
2010 – Nov. – 2 Million Oz gold mined<br />
Current – 1.7M tons/yr ore production; >3M tons/yr m<strong>at</strong>erial movement; 3
Primary Mining Methods<br />
Conventional Long Hole Stoping: Requires Bottom Cut<br />
Blind Bench Stoping: Bottom Cut Not Required<br />
AVOCA Stoping: Requires dual access<br />
Up hole Stoping: Primarily used near the end of mine life and on the periphery<br />
of the deposits and filled using slurry.<br />
Cut & Fill/Drift Mining: Where other Stoping methods not applicable<br />
4
<strong>Mine</strong> Equipment fleet<br />
Equipment Type # Make / Model<br />
Rock bolters: 10 Tamrocks 5 Robolt 5’s 5s and2Robolt 7’s 7s +3<br />
contractors<br />
Jumbos 5 Tamrocks 2 twin booms and 1 single boom +<br />
2 contractors<br />
Bench drills 5 Tamrocks / Cubex – 2 solo’s & 3 Cubex<br />
Loaders 14 Atlas Copco’s & C<strong>at</strong> – 7-6yd 2-4yd +<br />
contractors<br />
Jammers 3 2-4yd LHD’s & 1 6CN LHD<br />
Trucks 20 11 EJC Teledumps – 30ton capacity+ 2 CAT<br />
AD30+7 contractors.<br />
Shotcrete 11 Normet units – 3 sprayers & 8 remix trucks<br />
Powder trucks 3 Getmans + Contractors<br />
Utility gear and others 119 W<strong>at</strong>er trucks, dozers, grader, transport,<br />
Forklifts, tractors, Mantrips<br />
Approxim<strong>at</strong>e ≈ 30,000 engine name pl<strong>at</strong>e BHP<br />
5
<strong>DPM</strong> control str<strong>at</strong>egies<br />
http://genzoman.deviantart.com/art/Poseidon-154363770<br />
6and Google Images
Collabor<strong>at</strong>ive effort – A Must for success<br />
Management<br />
Industrial<br />
Hygiene<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
<strong>DPM</strong><br />
<strong>Control</strong><br />
Str<strong>at</strong>egy<br />
Safety<br />
Maintenance<br />
Engineering<br />
7
<strong>DPM</strong> <strong>Control</strong> <strong>Str<strong>at</strong>egies</strong><br />
Reduce Emissions Source<br />
Altern<strong>at</strong>ive Diesel Engines<br />
Engine Emissions based<br />
maintenance program<br />
Altern<strong>at</strong>ive Fuels<br />
Engine exhaust after-tre<strong>at</strong>ment<br />
devices<br />
Altern<strong>at</strong>ives to diesel engines<br />
Minimize Concentr<strong>at</strong>ion Level<br />
<strong>Mine</strong> and Ventil<strong>at</strong>ion planning<br />
Reduce Personnel Exposure<br />
Environmental Cabs<br />
Training and Administr<strong>at</strong>ive<br />
controls<br />
Replacing high emissions engines with lower emissions engines.<br />
Use of Tier 4i engines.<br />
Engine diagnostics<br />
Exhaust gas monitoring<br />
Use of Bio-diesel B5 to B50 blend<br />
Install<strong>at</strong>ion of soot traps on production equipment<br />
Evalu<strong>at</strong>ing use of electric trucks and paste fill in future mine<br />
plans to reduce <strong>DPM</strong> exposure.<br />
Efficient ventil<strong>at</strong>ion and mine planning. Flow through ventil<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />
Restricting activities based on airflow available.<br />
Fully enclosed environmental cabs with HVAC and HEPA filter<br />
systems.<br />
Training mine personnel regarding regul<strong>at</strong>ions and action plan.<br />
Development of ventil<strong>at</strong>ion hazards SOP and standard task<br />
procedures for emissions based maintenance program<br />
8
Reduce Emission Source -<br />
Use of bio-diesel (B5 to B50)<br />
9
In-house isol<strong>at</strong>ed zone study<br />
Fuel<br />
After-<br />
tre<strong>at</strong>ment<br />
device<br />
5040 D<strong>at</strong>a % Change<br />
EC OC TC<br />
TC<br />
TC<br />
TC<br />
(EC+OC) =ECx1.3 (EC+OC) (ECx1.3)<br />
ULSD DOC 589 88 678 766 14% 8%<br />
B50 DOC 252 36 288 328 -51% -54%<br />
B70 DOC 161 66 227 209 -62% -71%<br />
B99 DOC 92 39 130 119 -78% -83%<br />
B50 DPF 33 67 100 43 -83% -94%<br />
ULSD DOC 547 48 595 711 Base Base<br />
Note: % Change is Variance From Base Trial 5 ULSD<br />
Terrillion, Starbuck, Leishman - 2008<br />
10
Reduce Emissions Source<br />
Altern<strong>at</strong>ive Diesel Engines<br />
Replaced high emissions (gm/hp-hr) engines with lower emissions engines<br />
• Mercedes 904, 906, and 926 series and<br />
• Detroit Series 50 and 60 series<br />
• Tier 4i (interim) i engine (Mercedes Benz OM926LA EU3b-T4i -322HP<br />
-7.2L)<br />
Altern<strong>at</strong>ives to Diesel Engines<br />
• Evalu<strong>at</strong>ing Electric trucks usage<br />
• Evalu<strong>at</strong>ing usage of Pastefill as backfill in mine thus reducing truck fleet<br />
11
Emissions Based Maintenance Program (EBMP)<br />
1. Initi<strong>at</strong>ed in l<strong>at</strong>er half of 2008<br />
2. Design<strong>at</strong>ed specific people to follow through<br />
h<br />
3. Design<strong>at</strong>ed a specific place to perform repairs in UG maintenance shop<br />
4. Obtained certific<strong>at</strong>ion d<strong>at</strong>a from MSHA and engine builders for<br />
comparison<br />
5. Developed base lines for all equipment above 147hp<br />
6. Began comprehensive diagnostics and repair str<strong>at</strong>egy<br />
7. Implemented comprehensive d<strong>at</strong>a tracking of DPF’s s, each piece of<br />
equipment, comparing engine serial #’s with HP r<strong>at</strong>ings etc.<br />
8. Removed DPF’s off of loader fleet until l<strong>at</strong>er d<strong>at</strong>e.<br />
9. Once tuned, installed DPF’s to haulage fleet<br />
10.Critical for success<br />
12
Diesel Emissions Testing Bay<br />
13
Emissions Reductions Percentages<br />
Equipment Emissions D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
DOC/DPF DOC DOC DCL Ultra<br />
<strong>Mine</strong>:<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
Unit Number: UHT062 UHT063<br />
ULD045<br />
Unit Type, Mfg. & Model; Engine Mfg., Model, Hp.:<br />
DOC Mfg., Model, Exhaust Diameter:<br />
Exhaust Analyzer Make & Model: Enerac 500ECOM AC ECOM AC ECOM AC Enerac 500ECOM AC<br />
D<strong>at</strong>e: 06/08/09 08/03/09 08/05/09 08/05/09 06/25/09 08/03/09<br />
Loc<strong>at</strong>ion DDS 12 DDS 12 DDS 12 DDS 12 4490 415<br />
Time<br />
Hour Meter Reading: 10,039 10,766 8,752 8,752 12,003 12,261<br />
Hour Meter When DOC/DPF installed<br />
Cumul hours on DOC/DPF<br />
Pre Test Post Test % Change Pre Test Post Test % Change Pre Test Post Test % Change<br />
Boost Pressure 21.0 31.0 48 21.0 31.0 48 21.6 28.0 30<br />
TPS Counts 144/756 771.0 108/768<br />
Fuel Pressure 26/62 62.0 38/62<br />
Cut out Test YES YES<br />
No cutout pulse 4.7 5.0 4.8<br />
1-4 Pulse Width<br />
1 49 4.9 55 5.5 57 5.7<br />
2 5.0 5.5 5.7<br />
3 4.9 5.5 5.6<br />
4 5.1 5.7 5.6<br />
Response Times<br />
1 .88 .82 .85<br />
2 .83 .83 .83<br />
3 .83 .80 .82<br />
4 .88 .80 .80<br />
R<strong>at</strong>ed RPM 2100 2,100 2100<br />
RPM Stall Speed 1629 1850.0 14 1,665 1,812 9 1850 2,100 14<br />
Fault Y/N<br />
High Idle Torque Stall<br />
Temp. Air 76.0 73.0 66.0 67.0 76.0 86.0<br />
Temp Gas 654.0 718.0 779.0 795.0 719.0 791.0<br />
O 2 % 9.7 10.1 4 9.1 9.3 2 10.4 9.5 -9<br />
CO ppm 201.0 31.0 -85 237.0 52.0 -78 144.0 49.0 -66<br />
NO ppm 1022.0 419.0 -59 1131.0 454.0 -60 387.0 370.0 -4<br />
NO 2 ppm 43.0 18.0 -58 59.0 24.0 -59 14.0 14.0 0<br />
NOx ppm 1065.0 437.0 -59 1190.0 478.0 -60 401.0 384.0 -4<br />
CO 2 % 8.3 8.0 -4 8.7 8.6 -1 7.8 8.5 9<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Noise Db<br />
Smoke No. 6 3 -50 6 4 -33 6 4 -33<br />
Back Pres. In. W.G. 22.0<br />
Gear 3<br />
14
ECS Passive and Active DPF – 2006<br />
Make/Model<br />
ECS Passive and Active DPF<br />
Construction type Ceramic Monolith Wallflow<br />
Equipment Elphinestone Loaders with<br />
906 Mercedes/ Atlas Copco<br />
ST 6 yard<br />
Expense<br />
High overall (oven,<br />
regener<strong>at</strong>ion and equipment<br />
st<strong>at</strong>ion and DPF)<br />
PM reduction High (85%-95%)<br />
CO<br />
None. Need additional DOC.<br />
NO 2<br />
Increased<br />
Additive required No<br />
Back pressure Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction<br />
No (No monitor installed)<br />
required<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type Required removal and lengthy<br />
regener<strong>at</strong>ion process for<br />
passive filters (12 hours)<br />
DPF Regener<strong>at</strong>ion St<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
15
NETT “S” Series Passive DPF – 2008<br />
Make/Model NETT “S” Series Passive<br />
DPF<br />
Construction Cordierite Monolith Wallflow<br />
type<br />
with proprietary co<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Equipment Atlas Copco ST1020,<br />
EJC30sx Haulage Trucks<br />
Expense Moder<strong>at</strong>e<br />
PM reduction High (95%)<br />
CO 90-100%<br />
NO 2<br />
NO 2 suppressant (metal<br />
c<strong>at</strong>alyst)<br />
Additive<br />
No<br />
required<br />
Back pressure Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Minimal with Back pressure<br />
interaction monitoring<br />
required<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion Passive.<br />
type<br />
16
DPF – 2009 - 2010<br />
Make/Model<br />
Construction type<br />
DCL “F series" Ultra Flow-Through<br />
Passive DPF<br />
Metallic substr<strong>at</strong>e trapezoidal duct and<br />
metal fiber fleece<br />
Utility Equipment 904 Mercedes, 174HP<br />
Expense<br />
Moder<strong>at</strong>e<br />
PM reduction Limited (≈ 20%)<br />
CO<br />
90% reduction<br />
NO 2<br />
Increased. No suppressant.<br />
Additive required No<br />
Back pressure<br />
Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction No<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type<br />
Passive<br />
Other<br />
No special dampening required<br />
Fit and Forget it<br />
Make/Model Mann+Hummel SMF-AR DPF<br />
Construction type Sintered Metal Filter with Autom<strong>at</strong>ic<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Equipment Haulage truck, Mercedes 926, 322 HP<br />
Expense<br />
High<br />
PM reduction High (99%)<br />
CO Decreased (50-60%)<br />
NO2<br />
No increase<br />
Additive required Yes ($125/gal)<br />
Back pressure High (improperly sized unit)<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Yes. Backpressure monitoring<br />
interaction<br />
required<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type<br />
On board electrical regener<strong>at</strong>ion via<br />
systems electrical coil<br />
Other<br />
Easy ash cleaning, Solid construction,<br />
Own control module for system monitoring<br />
17
UHT055<br />
Equipment Emissions D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
DOC/DPF DPF DPF DPF<br />
<strong>Mine</strong>:<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
Unit Number:<br />
UHT055<br />
UHT055<br />
UHT055<br />
Unit Type, Mfg. & Model; Engine Mfg., Model, Hp.:<br />
DOC Mfg., Model, Exhaust Diameter:<br />
Exhaust Analyzer Make & Model: Enerac ECOM AC ECOM AC<br />
D<strong>at</strong>e: 05/06/10 05/19/10 05/27/10<br />
Loc<strong>at</strong>ion Surface Shop Emissions Bay Emissions Bay<br />
Time<br />
Hour Meter Reading:<br />
6 PLD<br />
Hour Meter When DOC/DPF installed 1 PLD<br />
Cumul hours on DOC/DPF 5<br />
Pre DPF Post DPF % Change Pre DPF Post DPF % Change Pre DPF Post DPF % Change<br />
Boost Pressure 2520.0 2580.0<br />
TPS Counts<br />
Fuel Pressure<br />
Cut out Test<br />
No cutout pulse<br />
1-4 Pulse Width<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Response Times<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
R<strong>at</strong>ed RPM<br />
RPM Stall Speed 1750 1,785<br />
Fault Y/N<br />
High Idle Torque Stall<br />
Temp. Air 66.0 67.0 69.0 71.0 67.0<br />
Temp Gas 712.0 753.0 782.0 690.0 885.0<br />
O 2 % 8.0 8.1 7.6 7.3 7.2<br />
CO ppm 334.0 104.0 -69 528.0 229.0 -57 656.0<br />
NO ppm 716.0 726.0 1 679.0 721.0 6 726.0<br />
NO 2 ppm 29.0 21.0 -28 42.0 16.0 -62 26.0<br />
NOx ppm 746.0 748.0 0 721.0 737.0 2 752.0<br />
CO 2 % 9.6 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.1<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Noise Db<br />
Smoke No. 5 0 -100 6.5 0 -100 6<br />
Back Pres. In. W.G. 32.0 38.0 42.0<br />
Gear 3<br />
18
Make/Model<br />
Construction type<br />
Equipment<br />
Airflow C<strong>at</strong>alyst - EZCAT<br />
AirFlow C<strong>at</strong>alyst EZC<strong>at</strong><br />
Ceramic Monolith w/ Proprietary Co<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Light, medium, and heavy duty applic<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Expense<br />
High<br />
PM reduction High (≈ 97%)<br />
CO Decreased (≈ 94%)<br />
NO 2<br />
Increase<br />
Additive required<br />
No<br />
Back pressure<br />
Low.<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction required<br />
No and Easy Install<strong>at</strong>ion. BP monitor recommended<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type<br />
Passive regener<strong>at</strong>ion requiring no external cooking. Wrapping assists in<br />
regener<strong>at</strong>ion in lower HP applic<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
19
DCL & PuriTech DPF<br />
Make/Model<br />
DCL- Passive DPF<br />
Construction type<br />
Cordierite Monolith with<br />
Proprietary Co<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Equipment<br />
Haulage truck<br />
Expense<br />
Moder<strong>at</strong>e<br />
PM reduction High (≈ 90%)<br />
CO<br />
70% reduction<br />
NO 2<br />
Low<br />
Additive required<br />
No<br />
Back pressure<br />
Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction Minimal with back pressure<br />
required<br />
monitoring<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type Passive regener<strong>at</strong>ion with level 1<br />
cleaning (Dep. on app. & temp.)<br />
Make/Model<br />
Puri Tech DAS DBS<br />
Construction type<br />
Silicon Carbide with Proprietary Co<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Equipment<br />
Haulage truck<br />
Expense<br />
Moder<strong>at</strong>e<br />
PM reduction High (≈ 90%)<br />
CO<br />
100% reduction<br />
NO 2<br />
Low NOx<br />
Additive required<br />
Hydrocarbon injection<br />
Back pressure<br />
Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction required Minimal with Back pressure monitoring<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type<br />
Passive/Active system depending on<br />
unit, back pressure, and duty cycle<br />
Other<br />
Easy install<strong>at</strong>ion. Size is smaller for HP.<br />
20
Airflow MinNo DPF<br />
Make/Model<br />
AirFlow MinNo C<strong>at</strong> DPF<br />
Equipment Emissions D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
DOC/DPF<br />
Construction type Silicone Carbide with Proprietary <strong>Mine</strong>:<br />
co<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Unit Number:<br />
Equipment Haulage truck (eg. UHT 057)<br />
DOC Mfg., Model, Exhaust Diameter:<br />
Expense<br />
Moder<strong>at</strong>e<br />
Exhaust Analyzer Make & Model:<br />
PM reduction High (≈ 97%)<br />
Loc<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
CO<br />
Time<br />
+80% reduction<br />
Hour Meter Reading:<br />
NO 2<br />
Low NO with nominal change in NOx Hour Meter When DOC/DPF installed<br />
Additive required No<br />
Back pressure<br />
Low<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or interaction Minimal with back pressure<br />
required<br />
monitoring<br />
Regener<strong>at</strong>ion type Passive regener<strong>at</strong>ion system<br />
Other<br />
Stainless Steel construction, Easy<br />
Install<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
4<br />
DPF<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
UHT057<br />
Unit Type, Mfg. & Model; Engine Mfg., Model, Hp.:<br />
ECOM AC<br />
D<strong>at</strong>e: 01/25/12<br />
DETB<br />
22143 DDEC<br />
SAME<br />
Cumul hours on DOC/DPF 0<br />
Pre DPF<br />
Boost Pressure 31.9<br />
TPS Counts<br />
Fuel Pressure<br />
Cut out Test<br />
No cutout pulse<br />
1-4 Pulse Width<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
EJC 30 SX Sandvik R<br />
AirFlow MinNo C<strong>at</strong>. M<br />
Post DPF % Change<br />
Response Times<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
R<strong>at</strong>ed RPM<br />
RPM Stall Speed 1690<br />
Fault Y/N<br />
Fuel Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 77<br />
Coolant Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 180<br />
Oil Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 160<br />
Air Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 88<br />
High Idle Torque Stall<br />
Temp. Air 68.0 69.0<br />
Temp Gas 832.0 695.0<br />
O 2 % 9.0 8.8<br />
CO ppm 76.0 10.0 -87<br />
NO ppm 705.0 696.0 -1<br />
NO 2 ppm 41.0 61.0 49<br />
NOx ppm 746.0 757.0 1<br />
CO 2 % 8.8 8.9<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Noise Db<br />
Smoke No. 5 0 -100<br />
Back Pres. In. W.G. 20.0<br />
Gear 3<br />
21
Mercedes T4i engine with SCR<br />
- Mercedes Benz OM926LA EU3b-T4i<br />
- Non EGR/ All controls are internal<br />
- Tier 2 applic<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
- No particul<strong>at</strong>e filter<br />
- Low gm/HP-HR HR<br />
- SCR system has its own integr<strong>at</strong>ed control module th<strong>at</strong> communic<strong>at</strong>es<br />
through CAN bus with engine MR2 to control sequence of events.<br />
- Will not dose if c<strong>at</strong>alyst is below 200 degrees C.<br />
- If NOx is above set limit, post c<strong>at</strong>alyst, engine will de-r<strong>at</strong>e.<br />
- DEF consumption r<strong>at</strong>e varies 3%-11%. (Depending on duty cycle)<br />
- Non toxic<br />
- Comprised of 32.7% synthetic Urea/ 67.3% w<strong>at</strong>er<br />
22
Tier 4 i Engine on UHT059<br />
Urea Tank<br />
Metering Device<br />
Injection Nozzle<br />
Pump Housing<br />
Filter housing<br />
Coolant Bundles<br />
23
SCR C<strong>at</strong>alyst<br />
Downstream NOx<br />
Sensor<br />
Downstream<br />
Temp Sensor<br />
Upstream<br />
Temp sensor<br />
24
Reduction Percentage<br />
Equipment Emissions D<strong>at</strong>a<br />
DOC/DPF<br />
SCR<br />
<strong>Mine</strong>:<br />
<strong>Leeville</strong><br />
Unit Number:<br />
UHT059<br />
Unit Type, Mfg. & Model; Engine Mfg., Model, Hp.: Tamrock EJC 30sx W/Mercedes 926 T4i w/SCR 322 HP<br />
DOC Mfg., Model, Exhaust Diameter:<br />
SCR Mercedes 4" Exhaust<br />
Exhaust Analyzer Make & Model: ECOM AC ECOM AC ECOM AC<br />
D<strong>at</strong>e: 02/24/11 03/10/11 04/28/11<br />
Loc<strong>at</strong>ion Emissions Bay<br />
Emissions Bay Emissions Bay<br />
Oil Change<br />
Hour Meter Reading: 101 MR2 631 MR2<br />
Hour Meter When DOC/DPF installed 3.3 PLD 1 MR2 1 MR2<br />
Cumul hours on DOC/DPF 100 630<br />
Pre SCR Post SCR % Change Pre SCR Post SCR % Change Pre SCR Post SCR % Change<br />
Boost Pressure 37lbs #VALUE! 37lbs #VALUE! 36lbs #VALUE!<br />
TPS Counts<br />
Fuel Pressure 62.0<br />
Cut out Test<br />
No cutout pulse<br />
1-4 Pulse Width<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Response Times<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
RPM Stall Speed 1,845 1855.0 1855.0<br />
R<strong>at</strong>ed RPM<br />
Fuel Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 100 F 87.0 134.0<br />
Coolant Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 177 F 186.0 190.00<br />
Oil Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 181.0 190.0 184.0<br />
Air Temper<strong>at</strong>ure 95.0 92.0 120.0<br />
High Idle Torque Stall<br />
Temp. Air 69.0 68.0 74.0 74.0 72.0 74.0<br />
Temp Gas 950.0 688.0 959.0 722.0 963.0 770.0<br />
O 2 % 6.7 6.9 3 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.4<br />
CO ppm 102.0 10.0 -90 118.0 14.0 -88 116.0 24.0 -79<br />
NO ppm 1040.0 88.0 -92 1069.0 101.0 -91 1145.0 112.0 -90<br />
NO 2 ppm 35.0 5.0 -86 31.0 8.0 -74 22.0 5.0 -77<br />
NOx ppm 1075.0 93.0 -91 1100.0 109.0 -90 1167.0 117.0 -90<br />
CO 2 % 10.5 10.3 -2 10.7 10.9 2 10.8 11.4<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>or Noise Db<br />
Smoke No. 4 3 -25 2.5 2.5 0 5 3.5 -30<br />
Back Pres. In. W.G. 0.0<br />
Gear 3 3 3 3<br />
UHT059- Readings before and after SCR system. After run time of 100 hours, will re-sample emissions.<br />
Consistent<br />
≈90%<br />
reduction<br />
in CO, NOx<br />
and lower<br />
particul<strong>at</strong>e<br />
m<strong>at</strong>ter level<br />
l<br />
25
DPF-Lessons learned<br />
26
<strong>Mine</strong> Ventil<strong>at</strong>ion planning & <strong>DPM</strong> monitoring<br />
• Flow through ventil<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
• Active particip<strong>at</strong>ion i in scheduling of<br />
mining activities<br />
• Monitoring air quality<br />
• Personal <strong>DPM</strong> Sampling (NIOSH<br />
5040)<br />
• Area <strong>DPM</strong> Sampling<br />
• Side by side study:<br />
1. NIOSH 5040<br />
2. TSI ® DustTrak TM<br />
3. FLIR ® AirTec real-time <strong>DPM</strong><br />
TM<br />
monitor<br />
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Real-time <strong>DPM</strong> monitoring<br />
Photoacoustic Instruments For Light Absorption Measurements<br />
Light<br />
(532 nm)<br />
Air Inlet<br />
Microphone<br />
Photodetector<br />
Chopper<br />
to pump<br />
Real-time <strong>DPM</strong> monitor unit is developed by University of<br />
Nevada-Reno’s Physics Dept. with support from Newmont.<br />
Basic principles:<br />
• Laser light is power modul<strong>at</strong>ed by the chopper.<br />
• Light absorbing aerosols convert light to he<strong>at</strong> – a<br />
sound wave is produced.<br />
• Microphone signal is a measure of the light absorption.<br />
• Light sc<strong>at</strong>tering aerosols don't gener<strong>at</strong>e he<strong>at</strong>.<br />
28
Environmental Cab and Training & Development<br />
Environmental Cab<br />
• Environmental Cab – installed on most production equipment.<br />
• Approxim<strong>at</strong>e reduction of 40% to 50% in particul<strong>at</strong>e level observed.<br />
• Key is maintenance of cab for performance.<br />
Learning & Development<br />
• MSHA rule “30 CFR § 57.50705070 <strong>Mine</strong>r training” – Annual training<br />
• Diesel engine maintenance standard (30 CFR § 57.5066)<br />
• <strong>Leeville</strong> Underground Ventil<strong>at</strong>ion Hazard Standard<br />
30
<strong>DPM</strong> Reduction and controls used<br />
31
<strong>Control</strong><br />
<strong>Str<strong>at</strong>egies</strong> +<br />
Collabor<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
32
Safety First - Keys to success<br />
• Team-work and Management buy-in is MUST<br />
• Dedic<strong>at</strong>ed personnel<br />
• EBMP is very critical<br />
• Use quality components for measurement (ECOM), Use of CJ4 oil<br />
• DPF – Not all system work in all applic<strong>at</strong>ion (duty cycle, design, etc.)<br />
• Ventil<strong>at</strong>ion planning and monitoring<br />
• Knowledge sharing (NIOSH, MDEC, Vent symposium) and collabor<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
(NIOSH, Engine and DOC/DPF manufacturers)<br />
33
Demonstr<strong>at</strong>e leadership in safety, stewardship<br />
of the environment and social responsibility<br />
THANKS A LOT FOR YOUR TIME