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BIOGAS As Renewable Source of Energy in Nepal Theory and Development Edited by Dr. Amrit B. Karki Prof. Jagan Nath Shrestha Mr. Sundar Bajgain July 2005
BIOGAS As Renewable Source of Energy in Nepal Theory and Development ISBN: 99946-34-76-3 Edited by: Dr. Amrit B. Karki Prof. Jagan Nath Shrestha Mr. Sundar Bajgain Copyright 2005 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form of medium [print, audio, or electronic] without permission of BSP-Nepal. Published by: BSP-Nepal P. 0. Box 9751, Kathmandu. Nepal Tel. : 977-1-5529840/5524665 Fax. : 977-1-5524755 e-Mail : bspnepal@wlink.com.np Printed in Kathmandu.
Page 4 and 5: FOREWORD I have the pleasure to go
Page 6 and 7: EDITORS NOTE Since its inception fr
Page 8 and 9: IBS IEIA IOE INGO IQC IRR JBT KfW K
Page 10 and 11: TABLE CONTENTS FOREWORD EDITOR'S NO
Page 12 and 13: 13.5 Long-term Government Policy 11
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2
Page 16 and 17: Figure 5.6 Figure 5.7 Figure 5.8 Fi
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER I CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS
Page 20 and 21: Figure 1.1 clearly indicates that t
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER II DESIGN CONCEPT AND RELAT
Page 24 and 25: Chinese model fixed dome biogas pla
Page 26 and 27: 2.2.4 Other Designs Figure 2.4: Dee
Page 28 and 29: Anaerobic Filter: The anaerobic fil
Page 30 and 31: ■ Suitable foundation condition -
Page 32 and 33: Solution: From Table 2.2: 1 cow yie
Page 34 and 35: 2.6.2 Volume Calculations for Chine
Page 36 and 37: The resultant force is as follows:
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER III MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN
Page 40 and 41: substances are solubilized into sim
Page 42 and 43: 3.4 FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL ACT
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER IV VARIOUS USES OF BIOGAS A
Page 46 and 47: Figure 4.5: Sketch of Ujeli Biogas
Page 48 and 49: The volume of water form the 5 HP p
Page 50 and 51: . Availability of Fertilizer Cattle
Page 52 and 53:
d. Needs Match Sticks More matchsti
Page 54 and 55:
In which Q = rate of heat loss, (en
Page 56 and 57:
. Integration of Solar Energy Integ
Page 58 and 59:
5.4.1 Biogas Reactor at Lukla/Mosi
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 5.8: The Flat View of the Pi
Page 62 and 63:
CHAPTER VI BIOGAS IN RELATION TO OT
Page 64 and 65:
Table 6.1: Impact of Biogas on vari
Page 66 and 67:
Chinese experience shows that if th
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7.2 NITROGEN CYCLE Bio-slurry is ri
Page 70 and 71:
7.4.2 Nutrient Content of Bio-slurr
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To avoid the loss of ammonia (NH 4
Page 74 and 75:
Experiment with Bio-slurry on Maize
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stated that cucumber yielded double
Page 78 and 79:
7.8.5 Philippines In the Philippine
Page 80 and 81:
Cross Section—B-B Figure 7.4: Mod
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER VIII BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM
Page 84 and 85:
■ ■ ■ Excreta available /day
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It is to be noted that the settling
Page 88 and 89:
8.43 Operation of Biodigester After
Page 90 and 91:
9.1.2 Raw Materials Utilized for Fe
Page 92 and 93:
help design large anaerobic digeste
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Inlet and outlet of the biodigester
Page 96 and 97:
CHAPTER X IMPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS ON
Page 98 and 99:
10.43 Substitution of Agricultural
Page 100 and 101:
10.8 CARBON EMISSION SAVED FROM THE
Page 102 and 103:
industrial, military or other organ
Page 104 and 105:
apidly. The techniques that have fo
Page 106 and 107:
11.2.7 Contingency Approach The ess
Page 108 and 109:
have to deal not only with one leve
Page 110 and 111:
REFERENCES [1] CES/IOE (2001) Role
Page 112 and 113:
. Internal rates of return (IRRS) a
Page 114 and 115:
Other assumptions made while calcul
Page 116 and 117:
Table 12.1: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 118 and 119:
Table 12.4: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 120 and 121:
Table 12.7: Financial Rates of Retu
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IRRs are higher when increased nutr
Page 124 and 125:
CHAPTER XIII BIOGAS POTENTIAL AND F
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would be available since the number
Page 128 and 129:
13.2 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN NEPAL 13
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13.3.1 Institutional Strengthening
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■ ■ Reducing dependency on impo
Page 134 and 135:
CHAPTER XIV ROLE OF VARIOUS ACTORS
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■ ■ ■ To construct 13,000 bio
Page 138 and 139:
utilization of bio-slurry as fertil
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and NBPG. Sometimes a company may b
Page 142 and 143:
CHAPTERXVI IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON USER
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of dung, On the other hand, 33 perc
Page 146 and 147:
CHAPTER XVII IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON HE
Page 148 and 149:
Figure 17.1: Perceived Reduction in
Page 150 and 151:
27 percent of households with bioga
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Majority of biogas households (95.5
Page 154 and 155:
Table 18,1: Sampling of Biogas Hous
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as the probable reasons for non-ope
Page 158 and 159:
Table 18.7 shows that majority of t
Page 160 and 161:
variations. Assuming that 1 hour of
Page 162 and 163:
Status Table 18.15: Comparison of t
Page 164 and 165:
contributes to the saving of Rs. 6.
Page 166 and 167:
Table 18.22: Kerosene Replacement a
Page 168 and 169:
The survey results on Carbon emissi
Page 170 and 171:
CHAPTER XIX WORKLOAD OF WOMEN AND G
Page 172 and 173:
Looking into the division of activi
Page 174 and 175:
19.3 STUDIES OF BIOGAS USERS WITH F
Page 176 and 177:
co-operative manner so that the wea
Page 178 and 179:
Biogas user women perceived that bi
Page 180 and 181:
20.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER XX FINANC
Page 182 and 183:
portion of the construction cost of
Page 184 and 185:
CHAPTER XXI CONSTRAINTS AND PROBLEM
Page 186 and 187:
21.6.4 Mosquito Breeding after Biog
Page 188 and 189:
(FAOm:P/Nep/4451-T). [33] CMS (1996
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