Chemical composition of the essential oils of Stevia rebaudiana ...

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Chemical composition of the essential oils of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves / Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 2010, 5 (2) Table 1. Percentage composition of the volatile leaf oils of Stevia Compound RT Leaves (%) 5, 4-Benzyloxy-2-fluoro-5-hydroxy benzaldehyde 3.412 4.68 3-Bromobutyric acid 4.024 4.15 Undecanol-5 6.377 0.18 1-Hepten-3-ol 6.782 0.03 Cyclohexene, 4-bromo- 7.810 0.05 Benzyl-diseryl phosphate 7.954 4.82 1, 3, 5-Cycloheptatriene 8.120 3.65 α-Methyl-α-[4-methyl]-3-pentene 8.523 0.60 1, 6-Octadien-3-ol, 3, 7-dimethyl- 9.023 2.22 Cis-3-hexenyl-iso-butyrate 9.109 0.38 Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 9.372 0.88 Phenylethyl alcohol 9.421 1.28 2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione 9.975 0.13 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol 10.884 0.53 2-Isopropenyl-5-methylhex-4-enal 11.343 0.29 Bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 1, 7, 7-trimethyl- 11.478 0.13 5-Amino-2-methoxyphenol 11.598 0.09 Geranyl vinyl ether 11.778 0.14 Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 12.318 4.40 Indole 12.778 0.17 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol 12.960 0.18 Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)- 13.624 0.19 1-(2, 6, 6-Trimethyl-1, 3-cyclo)-2-buten-1-one 14.028 0.06 Cyclohexane, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2, 4-bis- 14.164 0.09 Caryophyllene 14.715 0.08 Tricyclo [3.3.0.0 (2, 8)] octan-3-one, 4-methyl 14.822 0.07 1, 6, 10-Dodecatriene, 7, 11-dimethyl-3-methyl 15.048 0.02 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2, 6, 6-trimethyl-1-cyclo)- 15.615 0.03 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2, 6, 6-trimethyl-7-oxab)- 15.677 0.06 Naphlalene, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro- 15.822 0.05 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 16.092 0.04 Berjomotol, Z-α-trans- 16.294 0.08 Lanceol, cis- 16.352 0.09 2 (4H)-Benzofuraone, 5, 6, 7, 7a-tetrahydro 16.584 0.15 1, 6, 10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3, 7, 11-trimethyl 16.747 2.26 Epoxy-α-terpenyl acetate 16.916 0.76 Benzene, 1, 1´-(1, 1, 2, 2-tetramethyl-1, 2-ethanediyl) bis- 17.078 0.08 (-)-Spathulenol 17.195 2.21 Caryophyllene oxide 17.282 1.23 Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 17.374 2.23 Santalol, cis-α- 17.527 0.07 5α-Hydroxy-4α-8, 10. 11-tetram 17.605 0.09 Isoaromadendrene epoxide 17.678 0.35 β-Guaiene 17.975 0.30 Ledene oxide-(ΙΙ) 17.735 0.21 59
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves / Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 2010, 5 (2) Continued Table 1 Naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octa-hydro- 18.085 3.15 α-Cadinol 18.292 2.98 Tricyclo [5.2.2.0 (1, 6)] undecan-3-ol, 2-methyl 18.513 1.24 6-Isopropenyl-4, 8a-dimethyl-1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydroxyl 18.828 0.11 Aristolene epoxide 19.657 0.18 Z, Z, Z-4, 6, 9-Nodadecatriene 20.035 0.06 2-Pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl- 20.611 0.04 Phallic acid, cyclohexyl isohexyl ester 21.078 0.06 Pentadecacanoic, 14-methyl-, methyl- 22.048 0.17 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-ethyl 22.888 0.34 3-Methyl-2-pent-2-enyl-cyclopent-2-enon 22.484 0.33 1H-Naphtho [2, 1-b] pyrane, 3-ethenydodecane 24.040 9.83 9H-Naphtho [2, 1-b] pyran-9-one, 3-ethenyl 31.735 0.71 Pregnanetriol 36.284 2.23 Tritetracontane 41.810 0.08 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl 45.078 0.18 Benzaldehyde 6.615 0.35 Total (Sixty two) 92.27 The essential oils of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni showed marked antifungal effects against all the fungi tested [23] . This activity could be attributed to the presence of α-cadinol (2.98 %), caryophyllene oxide (1.23 %), (-)-spathulenol (2.21 %), β-guaiene (0.32 %), ledene oxide-(ΙΙ), geranyl vinyl ether, tricyclo [5.2.2.0 (1, 6)] undecan-3-ol, indole, aristolene epoxide, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4-dione and 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione which significantly inhibited the growth of all the phytopathogens tested, and/or other major and minor oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes present in the oils [23] . In spite of this, most of these oils are available for purchase on their own or as a part of pharmaceutical or cosmetic products, indicating that toxic effects do not prevent their use. However, the ongoing investigation of their toxic or irritant properties is imperative, especially when considering any new products for human use, be it medicinal or otherwise. In our opinion, the major components of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni essential oils are α-cadinol (2.98 %), caryophyllene oxide (1.23 %), (-)-spathulenol (2.21 %) and β-guaiene (0.32 %) and they exhibit important anti-fungal activities. These anti-fungal activities have also been reported by others [24] . However, the more minor components,such as ledene oxide-(ΙΙ), geranyl vinyl ether, tricyclo [5.2.2.0 (1, 6)] undecan-3-ol, indole, aristolene epoxide, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4-dione and 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione, also contribute to the antifungal activity of these oils [23] . Conclusion A quantitative analysis of the essential oil from the leaves of Bangladeshi Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni showed that mono and sesquiterpenes are major known constituents (about 50 compounds) [21-23] out of the 62 compounds identified. Some of these compounds were identified for the first time in this plant (ledene oxide-(ΙΙ), geranyl vinyl ether, tricyclo [5.2.2.0 (1, 6)] undecan-3-ol, indole, aristolene epoxide, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-1, 4-dione and 2, 6, 6-trimethyl- 2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione). It is obvious that Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown in Bangladesh possesses 60
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