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Microbiology final examination<br />

List of <strong>topics</strong> for dental medical students<br />

Dr. Prágai/12-Nov.-2012<br />

2012/2013 Academic Year (5 th semester)<br />

1. Shape and size of bacteria, structure of prokaryotic cells.<br />

2. The cell wall of bacteria.<br />

3. Gene transfer in bacteria.<br />

4. The principles of sterilization.<br />

5. Disinfection and the main groups of disinfectants.<br />

6. Infection control procedures in dentistry<br />

7. Sulphonamides and trimethoprim.<br />

8. Beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillims, cephalosporins, carbapenem, monobactam<br />

9. Aminoglycosides.<br />

10. Chloramphenicol.<br />

11. Tetracyclines.<br />

12. Macrolides and lincosamides.<br />

13. Glycopeptide and polypeptide antibiotics.<br />

14. 5-nitrofurans, derivatives of nalidixic acid and quinolones and other<br />

chemotherapeutics acting on nucleic acid synthesis.<br />

15. Antituberculotics.<br />

16. Resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance.<br />

17. Pathogenicity and virulence of microorganisms. Measuement of virulence.<br />

18. Exotoxins.<br />

19. Endotoxins.<br />

20. Nontoxic virulence factors.<br />

21. Bacterial toxins.<br />

22. The innate immune system.<br />

23. Complement.<br />

24. The lymphoid organs.<br />

25. Antigen recognition: MHC complex, T- and B-cell receptors and diversity.<br />

26. Differentiation of T- and B-cells.<br />

27. Antigen processing and presentation (endogenous and exogenous).<br />

28. Regulation of the immune response.<br />

29. Microbial antigens.<br />

30. Hypersensitivity reactions.<br />

31. Active immunization. Vaccines.<br />

32. Passive immunization. Serum-sickness. Vaccines.<br />

33. Staphylococci.<br />

34. Streptococcus pyogenes. Acute, toxic- and post-streptococcaldiseases<br />

35. Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis.<br />

36. Oral streptococci, GPAC<br />

37. Infective endocarditis prophylaxis.<br />

38. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus).<br />

39. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis


40. Escherichia coli, Klebsiellae<br />

41. Salmonellae producing enteric fever.<br />

42. Enterocolitis producing Salmonellae.<br />

43. The Shigellae.<br />

44. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.<br />

45. Veillonella, Capnocytophaga<br />

46. Bordetella pertussis.<br />

47. Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila<br />

48. Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus cereus.<br />

49. Histolitic Clostridia. Clostridium difficile.<br />

50. Neurotoxic Clostridia.<br />

51. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<br />

52. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.<br />

53. Atypical mycobacteria and Mycobacterium leprae.<br />

54. Actinomyces israelii<br />

55. Fusobacterium, Bacteroides.<br />

56. Relapsing fever: etiological agents and disease. Lyme disease.<br />

57. Treponema pallidum and other treponemas. Leptospirae.<br />

58. Mycoplasmas.<br />

59. Biological characteristics of Rickettsiae. The spotted fever group. Orientia<br />

tsutsugamushi.<br />

60. Rickettsiae of the typhus group. Coxiella burnetii, Leptotrichia<br />

61. Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila pneumoniae.<br />

62. Pathogenicity of viruses. Pathogenesis of viral diseases.<br />

63. Antiviral chemotherapy. Viral interference and interferon.<br />

64. Adenoviruses.<br />

65. Human ( ) herpesvirus 1 and 2.<br />

66. Human ( ) herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus).<br />

67. Human ( ) herpesvirus 5 /Cytomegalovirus/.<br />

68. Human ( ) herpesvirus 4 /Epstein-Barr virus/.<br />

69. Human herpesvirus 6, 7 and 8.<br />

70. Hepatitis virus B.<br />

71. Polioviruses, echoviruses and other enterovirus types (68-71)<br />

72. Coxsackie viruses. Rhinoviruses.<br />

73. Hepatitis A and E viruses.<br />

74. Congenital viral infections: Rubeolavirus, Cytomegalovirus.<br />

75. Orthomyxovirus influenzae.<br />

76. Parainfluenzae virus. Measles virus.<br />

77. Respiratory syncytial virus. Mumps virus.<br />

78. Rhabdoviruses.<br />

79. Characteristics of nonconventional viruses (prions) and prion diseases in human and<br />

in animal.<br />

80. Conventional slow virus infections.<br />

81. Hepatitis C (HCV) and Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV).<br />

82. The aetiology and epidemiology of AIDS.<br />

83. The pathomechanism and clinical manifestations and therapy of AIDS.<br />

84. Opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.<br />

85. Normal oral flora, the oral ecosystem and dental plaque.<br />

86. Microbiology of dental caries.<br />

87. Microbiology of periodontal diseases.


88. Oral mucosal infections: candidiasis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis,<br />

penicillosis.<br />

89. Preparation of bacterial smear, simple and Gram staining.<br />

90. Acid-fast staining, Neisser staining method<br />

91. Anaerobic cultivation. Antimicrobial susceptibility test.<br />

92. Serological reactions: precipitation, agglutination, complement fixation test.<br />

93. Antistreptolysin titer (ASO), CAMP test<br />

94. Lues serological diagnosis<br />

95. Skin tests: susceptibility and immunity tests.<br />

96. Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax<br />

97. Entamoeba gingivalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli<br />

98. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura<br />

99. Enterobius vermicularis, Trichinella spiralis<br />

100. Leishmania: L. donovani, L. brasiliensis, L. major, L. tropica, L. mexicana<br />

101. Toxoplama gondii<br />

102. Taenia solium, Taenia saginata<br />

103. Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis

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