Known breeding habitats of Culex and Lutzia mosquitoes in Thailand
Known breeding habitats of Culex and Lutzia mosquitoes in Thailand
Known breeding habitats of Culex and Lutzia mosquitoes in Thailand
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SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
Table 2<br />
<strong>Known</strong> <strong>breed<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>habitats</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Culex</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Lutzia</strong> <strong>mosquitoes</strong> <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
<strong>Culex</strong> (<strong>Culex</strong>)<br />
alienus + + + + + + + +<br />
alis + + + + +<br />
barraudi + + + + + +<br />
edwardsi + + + +<br />
fuscocephala + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
gelidus + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
hutch<strong>in</strong>soni + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
jacksoni + + + +<br />
mimeticus + + + + +<br />
mimulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x x x<br />
murrelli + + + +<br />
perplexus + + + + + + +<br />
pseudovishnui + + + + + + + + + + + x<br />
qu<strong>in</strong>quefasciatus + + + + + +<br />
26
ILLUSTRATED KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULEX AND LUTZIA<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
Table 2 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued).<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
sitiens + + + + + + + + + +<br />
tritaeniorhynchus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
vishnui + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x<br />
whitei + + + + + +<br />
whitmorei + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
<strong>Culex</strong> (Culiciomyia)<br />
bailyi + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
barr<strong>in</strong>us +<br />
dispectus + +<br />
fragilis x + + + + + + + x + x + + + +<br />
harrisoni +<br />
lampangensis + +<br />
nigropunctatus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
pallidothorax + + + + + + + + + + x + + + + +<br />
papuensis + + + + + + + + x +<br />
sasai + + + + + + + +<br />
27
SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
Table 2 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued).<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
scanloni + + + + +<br />
spathifurca + + + + + + + + x + + + + + +<br />
spiculothorax * * * + + +<br />
termi + +<br />
thurmanorum + + + + +<br />
viridiventer + +<br />
<strong>Culex</strong> (Eumelanomyia)<br />
brevipalpis + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
foliatus + + + + + + + x x + + + + x x x x x<br />
h<strong>in</strong>glungensis<br />
kiriensis + +<br />
malayi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + x<br />
oresbius + + + + + + + +<br />
otachati<br />
phangngae + ? + ?<br />
richei + + + +<br />
tenuipalpis + + +<br />
28
ILLUSTRATED KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULEX AND LUTZIA<br />
Table 2 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued).<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
<strong>Culex</strong> (Lophoceraomyia) + +<br />
aculeatus + + + + + + + +<br />
alphus + + +<br />
bengalensis + + + + + + + + + + + + x x +<br />
bicornutus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
c<strong>in</strong>ctellus + + + +<br />
curtipalpis + +<br />
demissus + + + + +<br />
eukr<strong>in</strong>es x x x + + + + + + + +<br />
ganapathi x x x x x x + + + + + + + + +<br />
gracicornis +<br />
hirtipalpis<br />
<strong>in</strong>comptus +<br />
<strong>in</strong>fantulus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
lucaris +<br />
macdonaldi + + + +<br />
29
SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
Table 2 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued).<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
mammilifer + + + + + + + + + + + + + x x x x<br />
m<strong>in</strong>or x x x x x x x x x + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
m<strong>in</strong>utissimus + + + + + + + +<br />
pairoji + x x<br />
peytoni + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
pholeter + + + + x x<br />
pilifemoralis + + + +<br />
quadripalpis + + + + + + + + + + x<br />
reidi + + + + + + + +<br />
rubithoracis + + + + + + +<br />
spiculosus x x + + + + +<br />
traubi ? + +<br />
tuberis + +<br />
variatus + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
whartoni + + + +<br />
wilfredi + + + + + + + + x<br />
30
ILLUSTRATED KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULEX AND LUTZIA<br />
Palm / leaf / Nipa axils<br />
Pitcher plant<br />
Allocasia / Colocasia axils<br />
Table 2 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued).<br />
GROUND WATER HABITATS<br />
CONTAINER HABITATS<br />
Pond / lake<br />
Swamp<br />
Marsh <strong>and</strong> bog<br />
Ditch<br />
Pit / well<br />
Stump ground pool<br />
Grassy pool<br />
S<strong>and</strong> pool<br />
Ground pool or puddle<br />
Flood pool<br />
Stream pool<br />
Stream marg<strong>in</strong><br />
Seep or seepage-spr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Rice field<br />
Wheel track / tire depressions<br />
Elephant <strong>and</strong> other footpr<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Salt marsh<br />
Mangrove / Nipa swamp<br />
Crab hole<br />
Artificial conta<strong>in</strong>er<br />
Hollow log<br />
Rock pool<br />
Rock hole<br />
Cave hole<br />
Tree hole<br />
Hole <strong>in</strong> stump / roots<br />
Bamboo <strong>in</strong>ternode<br />
Bamboo stump<br />
Bamboo split<br />
Bamboo cup<br />
P<strong>and</strong>anus axils<br />
Banana stump /axils<br />
Coconut shell<br />
<strong>Culex</strong> (Oculeomyia)<br />
bitaeniorhynchus + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
<strong>in</strong>fula + +<br />
sp near <strong>in</strong>fula + +<br />
longicornis<br />
pseudos<strong>in</strong>ensis +<br />
s<strong>in</strong>ensis + + + + + + + +<br />
<strong>Lutzia</strong> (Metalutzia)<br />
fuscana + + + + + + + + +<br />
halifaxii + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<br />
vorax<br />
* Doubtful records.<br />
x Habitats listed <strong>in</strong> unpublished collection records ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed at AFRIMS.<br />
31
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