Power Electronics for Photovoltaic applications

Power Electronics for
Photovoltaic applications
May 31 2011, Haakon Froland
Slide 1
23.06.2011

WHO WE ARE
> The second largest company in the global DC Power
System industry with continued 2-digit growth
> A global leader with revenues of ~NOK 3 100 million in
2010
Eltek Valere Revenues
DC Power Systems Market Share
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Emerson
Eltek Valere
Delta Electronics
Lineage power
Eaton
SAFT Power System
Power- One
Others
Total 100 %
0
%
2
%
4
%
6
%
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
% % % % % % % % % %
Others include: Argus Tech., Efore Group, Benning US, Chloride,
Cherokee, Vicor, XP, and ZTE Corporation
Source:
Frost &
Sullivan
2007
Slide 2
23.06.2011

WHO WE ARE
> A power electronics specialist headquartered in Drammen,
Norway.
> Main business is advanced power conversion systems.
> True Global Reach
>Revenue by region
• Strong presence in all markets
• Operations in nearly 70 countries
29 %
39 %
• Sales in more than 100 countries
32 %
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Americas
>(2100 employees)
Slide 3
23.06.2011

LOCAL PRESENCE – GLOBAL REACH
SALES OFFICES IN MORE 2000 IN ONE EMPLOYEES
THAN 30 BRAND COUNTRIES 100 COUNTRIES
USA
MEXICO
COLOMBIA
PERU
BRAZIL
NORWAY
UK
FRANCE
SPAIN
SWEDEN
EGYPT
NIGERIA
POLAND
GERMANY
SAUDI
(SOUTH
AFRICA)
FINLAND
ROMANIA
IRAN
DUBAI
RUSSIA
PAKISTAN
INDIA
BANGLADESH
THAILAND
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
JAPAN
CHINA
HONG KONG
PHILIPPINES
AUSTRALIA

The Potential
> “The Green Power for Mobile Program
An estimated 1.6 billion people live without electricity. An additional 1 billion
people live in areas with unreliable access to power. In order to expand into
areas without regular electricity, mobile networks have primarily used diesel
generators for power. However, as diesel prices rise and mobile network
infrastructure is built in increasingly inaccessible regions, mobile operators need
a viable alternative to diesel, such as solar and wind power”.
• -GSMA Green Power for Mobile Biannual Report November 2009
>Tremendous demand to increase power generation
As an example, Turkey has a total peak power capacity of 45 GW per date.
Need to exceed 90GW by 2020 to cope with demand.
China has decided to build 40GW of PV energy by 2020, similar to India.

THE GLOBAL ENERGY CHALLENGE
> The global need for energy continues to rise and
along with it our dependence on fossil fuels
• 1Bn do not have access to el-energy
• Another 1.6 Bn people with non-adequate access to el-energy
> Pressure to reduce greenhouse gasses, potential for
supply disruptions, all push rising cost of energy
> Our mission is to reduce waste energy and to
increase utilization of renewable energy sources
Slide 6
23.06.2011

Examples on waste energy
> Rectifiers and converters with efficiency
levels 85-93%
> Continuous running gensets ( Large amount of energy required for
cooling
Slide 7
23.06.2011

In response: EV way of thinking
> A Core Focus on Developing Highest Efficiency Power Conversion
Technologies
> A Quality Product offering that Saves Electricity / Diesel and hereby
Reducing CO 2 Emissions
> A Full Family of High Efficiency HE Rectifiers and Converters
> Energy Efficient System Solutions
• Indoor Cabinets
• Outdoor Cabinets
• Embedded Solutions
> Long life, High Performance and High Temperature Battery Offering
Slide 8
23.06.2011

POWER ELECTRONICS IN FOUR BUSINESS AREAS
TELECOM
INDUSTRIAL
E-MOBILITY
RENEWABLE
Power solutions Power solutions Charging Solar plant-tofor
telecom
grid solutions
infrastructure
for utilities,
power
transmission &
distribution, rail,
marine, offshore
and other
demanding
industries
solutions for
electrical
vehicles
Primarily DC applications with back-up
Primarily AC,
no back-up.
Smartgrid will
require storage

4 business segments utilizing common HE technology
> Power Conversion solutions
• from 200 watts to nMWatt
> High Performance products for mission critical applications
> Site and plant solutions
Telecom
Industrial Auto solutions Grid feed inverter

OUR INVERTER RANGE COVERS IT ALL…
Central Inverters
• Monoblocks covering 20kW to nMW plants
• 20kW – 500 kW units
• Efficiency up to 98.3%
• Galvanic isolation internally or at output
String Inverters
• 2-22kW units for residential sites,
commercial sites and power plants
• Efficiency up to 98%
• Galvanic isolation or transformer less
CENTRAL COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL
Slide 11
23.06.2011

GRID SOLAR SYSTEM OVERVIEW AND EV PRODUCTS
String Connect Box*
Control and Supervision
Power
Generation
Grid Inverter*
Large Display
Breakers*
UMTS
GPRS
EDGE
GMS
Transformer
Breakers*
Panel Temperatur
Power Consumption
(grid)
Grid Supervision*
Irradience
Slide 12
23.06.2011

Wherever there is room and space..

6.2 MW plant in Ferrara

Transformer room
Inverter room
Fuses
Peak Efficiency 97.8%

Solar Grid: Power Generation and Distribution
Large Grid Solar Power Plant
3-Phase Inverter
Small Grid
(residential)
Solar Plant
1-Phase
Inverter
DC
AC
Trafo
Voltage transformer
Substation 2
Traditional Power plants;
Hydropower, Coal,PV
Nuclear etc
Voltage transformer
Substation 1
Mid Voltage Transmission
Low Voltage Transmission
35kV (115, 230, 400kV)
11 / 35kV – Regional grid
Slide 17
23.06.2011

Verified by the Austrian Institute of
Technology
97.3% Peak Efficiency

EFFICIENCY – EVERY % ADDS TO YOUR
BOTTOM LINE
Euro /
A
> Eltek Valere Typical
Efficiency
• gain due to isolated HE
Technology
• Note: Isolated Inverter
> Industry standard
efficiency range
• Transformer-less
• Transformer-less w/ boost
• Isolated
Slide 19
23.06.2011

Monitoring and communication
> Color display and touch
sense buttons
• Intuitive user interface
• Shows operating conditions and
graphs
• Easy menu for inverter
commissioning
> Integrated web server:
• Accessible remotely or on-site
• One inverter can act as central monitoring hub,
collecting and displaying data from all inverters
linked to the site
Slide 20
23.06.2011

Slide 21
23.06.2011
Theia Analyzer – statistics

A complete panel-to-grid offering
A
> CENTRAL / STRING INVERTERS
High Efficiency
Low night mode consumption
Excellent MPPT performance
Lean Manufacturing of Central
inverters
> MONITORING AND ACCESSORIES
Advanced Control Unit
Comprehensive string
monitoring
Slide 22
23.06.2011

SHELTER SOLUTIONS – Larger plants

Future smart grid?
Increased utilization of generation and grid flexibility
= = = = =
=
= = Energy storage
• Batteries
Fuel cells
• Flywheels
• Etc
Hydro pump
power stations
Can deliver it all!
Slide 24
23.06.2011

Slide 25
23.06.2011
Remote, no grid, hot..

THE IMPACT FROM TELECOM
The rapidly expanding global telecom industry is a
significant and rapidly growing consumer of energy
More than 160 Billion kWh annually
Emitting 118 Million tons of CO 2 annually
Enough to power 16 million homes for 1 year
Equal to the exhaust from 22 million cars
Slide 26
23.06.2011

WASTE ENERGY IN POWER SYSTEMS
> The DC Power system converts AC utility
power to 48V DC power
> Today, roughly 8 - 20% of the energy is lost
during this conversion due to rectifier
inefficiency
> The impact can be substantial:
• Annually @ 85% efficiency, a 2,000W rectifier wastes:
- Over 3000 kWh per year
- Over 2 tons of CO 2 per year
- Over $394 per year, excluding aircon savings
- Over 546BTU per hour of waste heat, saving
additional cooling cost
Efficiency
• Increasing efficiency to 96% reduces this waste by 75%
Assumes Electricity Cost of $0.15 / kWh
Slide 27
23.06.2011

EFFICIENCY CURVE OF THE HE FAMILY
> Optimized for typical system
operating points
• Above 96% efficiency from
30% to 70% of full load
• Greater than 95% efficiency
over the entire operating
range
• Above 93% efficiency at
10% of load
> Reduces waste electricity by
minimum 50%
> Reduces waste heat by
minimum 50%
> Data comparing 96% efficiency
to 92% efficiency
Efficiency
Comparison between standard
Flatpack2 and Flatpack2 HE
96% 95%
Output Load (W)
Actual data for HE vs FP2-2KW unit
Slide 28
23.06.2011

GREEN SYSTEM CONTROLLERS
> The controller is a major component to increase the solution
end to end efficiency and reduce the total cost of ownership
> Single Interface for Monitoring & Control
One controller for all components within the complete power
solution
SmartPack Controller
> Common interface for all system components
• Rectifier modules
• Solar / Wind converters
• Diesel Generators - Fuel Optimization/Cyclic
• Batteries
• Other system components
> Efficiency Algorithms
• Manages system to achieve ‘target’ efficiency
• Rectifiers/Converters disabled based on system load
• Rectifiers/Converters are shuffled to maximize lifetime
> Advanced Battery Management
• More than thermal compensation, a full management of
battery charge control
• Increases life, reducing maintenance cost and
environmental impact from lead
TARGET
RANGE
Slide 29
23.06.2011

GREEN SYSTEM CONTROLLERS
> Remote System Management
• Reduces site visits and energy costs by
allowing remote diagnostics
SmartPack Controller
> Requires Network Interfaces
• Modem, Ethernet, Mobile connection
• Web interface, SNMP, and alarms
• Allows remote status and problem solving
> Remote battery testing
• Verifies battery condition remotely
• Indicates need for maintenance
> Energy Management System
• Providing periodic energy data and reports
Slide 30
23.06.2011

FLATPACK 2 HE SOLAR
Features
> Output power: 1500W
> Input voltage: 85 – 265Vdc
> Output voltage: 48 – 58 Vdc
> Galvanic isolation
> High efficiency, >96%
Galvanic isolation between panels and telecom
equipment improves immunity to lightning transients
> Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
HE technology, 96% efficiency
Maximum Power Point Tracking utilizes close to
100% of available solar power
Slide 31
23.06.2011

Hybrid system - FLATPACK 2 HE Solar
Solar
Telecom
Solar
Solar
Battery
Monitoring
Batteries
DC load
~
AC grid
Smartpack
I/O* Unit
CAN
bus
Remote
Monitoring
Gen set
Fuel tank
Slide 32
23.06.2011

Solutions – Fully Sustainable (future)
ELECTROLYSER TO
GENERATE H 2 BACK
TO THE HYDROGEN
TANK
Slide 33
23.06.2011

GENERATOR RUN TIME
40Amp load 27KVA Generator
Running Time Genset/Batteries
Genset Operation Time Hours
Battery Operation Time Hours
Eltek Valere
Run time
5.65
18.35
«XXXX»
existing run
time
24.00
0.00
Slide 34
23.06.2011

CYCLICAL DIESEL GENSET HYBRID SOLUTION
Cycling with SUN+ at +30degC. Last 120 cycles of 1000 cycles. Cycling at 22% DoD with 0.088I t
1,65
discharge curent; Avaliable charge voltage is 1.60V/cell; Avaliable charge current is 0.4I t
1,60
1,55
1,50
1,45
1,40
Cell voltage [V
1,35
1,30
1,25
1,20
1,15
1,10
1,05
Note: The stabilized end of discharge voltage
Excellent stability at the end of discharge
voltage after more than 1,000 cycles
1,00
0 5 10 15 20 25
Test time [days]
Slide 35
23.06.2011

Opex and RoI Benefits
Based 40Amps 27KVA Genset
1$ per litre delivered based upon current consumption 3.7 Litre per hour
Fuel Costs Annually
$35 000.00
$32 412.00
$30 000.00
$25 000.00
$20 000.00
$15 000.00
$10 000.00
$7 637.08
$5 000.00
$0.00
Standard Site
Site Types
EES Solution
Slide 36
23.06.2011

Examples on waste energy
Issues:
> Rectifiers and converters
with efficiency levels 88-
93%
> Continuous running gen-sets
( Large amount of energy
required for cooling
> Transmission losses
Eltek response:
> Resonance switching
technologies. Rectifiers at
>96% - reduced loss by 50%.
Isolated HE-t inverters 97% vs.
94.5%. TL inverters at appr.
98.3%. High eff. MPPT
> Optimized hybrid solutions
reduce diesel by >65%
> High temp batteries and
rectifiers eliminates cooling
> Distributed production and
storage of energy

Vision
THE GREENEST POWER
IN THE INDUSTRY
Slide 38
23.06.2011