shape | pdf - English Heritage

shape 2008 

A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR 

HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ACTIVITIES & 

PROGRAMMES IN ENGLISH HERITAGE 

Guidance for external grant applicants

english heritage 

English Heritage is the Government’s statutory adviser on the historic environment. Our role is 

to champion and care for the historic environment which we do by: 

• improving understanding of the past through research 

and study, 

• providing conservation grants, advisory and education 

services, 

• identifying and helping to protect buildings and 

archaeological sites of national importance, 

• maintaining over 400 historic properties and making 

them accessible to the broadest possible public audience, 

• maintaining the National Monuments Record as 

the central publicly accessible archive for the historic 

environment in England 

We are sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media 

and Sport, which has overall responsibility for heritage 

policy in England and from whom we receive around 75% 

of our funding. We also work closely with the Department 

for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and with 

Communities and Local Government. 

We see the achievement of our objectives as a continuous cycle, set out below. 

The Heritage Cycle diagram 

BY UNDERSTANDING 

the historic environment 

people value it 

FROM ENJOYING 


comes a thirst to understand 

BY VALUING 

it they will want 

to care for it 

BY CARING 

for it they will help 

people enjoy it

The strategy by which we intend to fulfil our role is set out in Making the Past Part of our 

Future, our overarching Corporate Strategy for 2005-2010 (http://www.english-heritage.org. 

uk/upload/pdf/final_strategy_doc.pdf). The means by which we match this strategy with action 

are many and varied, but one of the most important of them is through the development, 

or support, of projects. Projects must have specific goals, defined products and measurable 

outcomes which are also aligned with our corporate aims and objectives. 

Projects are planned, undertaken and/or funded throughout English Heritage; examples include 

funding for important research on a particular historic town or monument, the provision of 

training programmes in a key skill shortage area, careful restoration of some of our priceless 

historic legacy, or the completion of a new interpretation scheme and guidebook for one of 

our properties. The way that this range and number of projects contributes to our corporate 

strategic goals has to be crystal clear, so that we can report to Government, to our partners and 

especially to the public on how we allocate our resources. We have therefore devised a new 

framework to ensure this. 

That framework is SHAPE. Currently, it is being applied to our Research and Standards, and Policy 

projects, to make sure it works properly. It is hoped that it will then be rolled out to other areas 

of English Heritage. 

Simon Thurley 

Chief Executive

contents 

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 

Background......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 

SHAPE in English Heritage now and in the future.................................................................................................................................................................................................8 

The importance and benefits of SHAPE.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Consistency in project development ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Consistency in project and programme planning.....................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Consistency in project and programme reporting....................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Using SHAPE..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Establishing the primary driver for a project .............................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Activity Types, Themes and Programmes.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 

Identifying the relevant Sub-Programme ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 

Determining specific priorities........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 

Project development and management.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 

THE FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 

Corporate Objective 1A: Ensure that our research addresses the most important and urgent 

needs of the historic environment ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 

Activity Type 1: RESEARCH..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 

Research Programme A1 – What’s out There?: Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment...........................................................14 

Research Programme A2 – Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly understood landscapes, areas and monuments ........................................................23 

Research Programme A3 – Unlocking the riches: Realising the potential of the research dividend......................................................................................26 

Research Programme G2 – Defining the questions: Devising research strategies, frameworks and agenda...................................................................29 

Research Programme G3 – Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector”...............29 

Corporate Objective 1B: Enhance public understanding and appreciation of the historic environment 

and its conservation through education and training........................................................................................................................................................................................30 

Activity Type 2: EMPOWERMENT...................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 

Empowerment Programme A1 – Training Communities: Giving people the skills to get involved..........................................................................................30 

Empowerment Programme A2 – Educating Communities: Giving people the ability to perceive the importance of their own historic 

environment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 

Empowerment Programme A3 – Community support: Empowering community heritage efforts through direct support...........................................33 

Empowerment Programme A4 – Empowering Inclusion: Giving priority groups the capacity to engage through direct support...........................33 

Corporate Objective 1C: Make sure our professional expertise and knowledge is more accessible to others who need it....34 


Empowerment Programme B1: Skilling the Sector: Ensuring professional training to build future capacity......................................................................34 

Empowerment Programme B2: Professional education support: Ensuring our expertise and support reaches into Higher Education Realm.......35 

Corporate Objective 1D: Develop new approaches which improve understanding and management 

of the historic environment...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36 


Research Programme A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment..............................................................36 

Research Programme C2: Making friends: Building understanding and appreciation through education and outreach.............................................37 

Research Programme D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk and devising responses ....................................................................................38 

Research Programme F2: Wired! Studying and developing information management................................................................................................................39 

Research Programme G1: Sharpening the tools: Developing new techniques of analysis and understanding .................................................................39 

Corporate Objective 2A: Provide better evidence of the importance and value of the historic environment...................................42 


Research Programme B1: Valuing the historic environment: Quantifying the economic and social value of historic assets.......................................42 

Research Programme B2: Gauging the mood: Establishing perceptions and attitudes to the historic environment .....................................................43 

Research Programme B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector intelligence”..................................................................................................................43 

Corporate Objective 2B: Lead campaigns and national debates to influence policies which affect the historic environment..44 

Activity Type 3: COMMUNICATION.............................................................................................................................................................................................................44 

Communication Programme D3: Talking it Through: communication between English Heritage and stakeholders.......................................................44 

Corporate Objective 2C: Engage with key stakeholders on issues affecting, or affected by, the historic environment .........................46 




Empowerment Programme C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those with a stake in the historic environment the capacity to care for it ....47


Communication Programme D2: Debating the issues: Communication through conferences, debates and fora ...........................................................48 

Communication Programme D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, forums, and councils working to solve historic environment 

challenges........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49 

Corporate Objective 3A: Promote better legislation, policies, guidance and good practice to improve the system 

of protection ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50 


Research Programme D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation ...........................................................................................................................................50 

Research Programme G3: Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector”..................51 



Empowerment Programme B4: Professional Guidance and Standards: Setting the standards with professionals.........................................................52 

Empowerment Programme D1: Widening Skills: Training government specialists..........................................................................................................................52 

Empowerment Programme D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping local authorities through guidance..............................................................53 

Activity Type 5: HERITAGE MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................................................................................................54 

Heritage Management Programme B1: Developing Management Agreements: Partnership management of the historic environment ..........54 

Heritage Management Programme C1: Saving our Past: Direct support for maintenance or repair of key sites, monuments and landscapes....55 

Corporate Objective 3B: Ensure that the condition of the most significant parts of the historic environment is recorded 

and monitored to enable their better protection...............................................................................................................................................................................................56 



Research Programme D1: Heritage at Risk: Quantifying and analysing the condition of the historic environment .....................................................57 

Research Programme D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk and devising responses ...................................................................................58 

Research Programme D4: Rescue! Threat-led last resort analysis .......................................................................................................................................................60 

Corporate Objective 3C: Provide better and more accessible advice to help people appreciate the benefits of maintaining 

and caring for historic places............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62 


Research Programme D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation ..........................................................................................................................................62 


Empowerment Programme A5: Guidance and Standards for communities: Guidance to help people engage with and look after their own 

historic environment ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................63 

Corporate Objective 4A: Help local authority members and officers develop the skills, knowledge, advice and capacity to 

make the most of their historic environment..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................64 


Research Programme A2: Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly understood landscapes, areas and monuments ............................................................64 


Research Programme F1: Navigating the resource: Developing standards for Historic Environment Records.................................................................65 



Empowerment Programme D3: Expanding Capacity: Funding Local Authority advice and planning posts......................................................................67 


Corporate Objective 4B: Develop and disseminate policies, principles, guidelines, standards and exemplars to promote 

better management of change in the historic environment..........................................................................................................................................................................68 



Empowerment Programme C2: Guiding owners of historic places: Guidance on changes of use to historic places and structures .....................69 


Corporate Objective 4C: Provide support and guidance to other organisations engaged in the care, study and promotion 

of the historic environment...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70 




Empowerment Programme A3: Community support: Empowering community heritage efforts through direct support............................................71 

Empowerment Programme A5: Guidance and Standards for communities: Guidance to help people engage with and look after their own 

historic environment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................72 


Empowerment Programme B2: Professional education support: Ensuring our expertise and support reaches into Higher Education realm.....74 

Empowerment Programme B3: Supporting Professional Capacity: Support for key strategic professional posts in the historic environment ......74 


Empowerment Programme C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those with a stake in the historic environment the capacity to care for it ....76 


Empowerment Programme D2: Providing the Background: Capacity-building for heritage champions..............................................................................77


Communication Programme D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, forums, and councils working to solve historic 

environment challenges.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................77 

Corporate Objective 4E: Ensure that our grants to third parties are used in the most effective way to regenerate, protect 

and enhance the historic environment.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................78 


Research Programme G3 – Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector”..............78 

Corporate Objective 5A: Increase public awareness of the historic environment................................................................................................80 


Communication Programme A1: Getting People Involved: Community participation projects in the historic environment.........................................80 

Communication Programme A2: Celebrating community achievements: Awards and incentives for involvement...........................................................80 

Communication Programme B1: Developing public resources: Opening access to on-line resources...................................................................................81 

Communication Programme C1: Accessible publications: exciting and enticing books................................................................................................................81 

Communication Programme C2: Media projects: Harnessing public media....................................................................................................................................82 

Communication Programme C3: On show: Support for nationally important displays of historic artefacts, sites and buildings..............................82 

Corporate Objective 5B: Broaden access to the historic environment and engage with diverse communities.................................84 


Research Programme C1: Opening doors: Understanding public participation in the historic environment......................................................................84 


Communication Programme A1: Getting People Involved: Community participation projects in the historic environment.........................................85 

Communication Programme C3: On show: Support for nationally important displays of historic artefacts, sites and buildings..............................85 

Corporate Objective 5C: Stimulate access, interest and enjoyment through the sites and collections in our care.........................86 


Research Programme E1: Presenting the Past: Research to inform the presentation to the public of historic places..................................................86 

APPENDIX 1: The English Heritage Corporate Strategy 2005-2010...........................................................................................87 

List of Current Corporate Aims and Objectives................................................................................................................................................................87 

APPENDIX 2: Activity Types, Themes and Programmes............................................................................................................................89 

1. RESEARCH THEMES AND PROGRAMMES ...............................................................................................................................................................................................89 

2. EMPOWERMENT THEMES AND PROGRAMMES.................................................................................................................................................................................90 

3. COMMUNICATION THEMES AND PROGRAMMES..........................................................................................................................................................................92 

4. POLICY FORMULATION THEMES AND PROGRAMMES................................................................................................................................................................93 

5. HERITAGE MANAGEMENT THEMES AND PROGRAMMES ..........................................................................................................................................................93 

6. STRUCTURAL THEMES AND PROGRAMMES........................................................................................................................................................................................93 

APPENDIX 3: Glossary and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................................................94 

APPENDIX 4: Government and International Definitions and Categories of Research.............................95 

NABS: Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Science Programmes and Budgets.............................95 

Frascati Definitions of Research........................................................................................................................................................................................................96 

SETI: Science Engineering, and Technology Indicators...........................................................................................................................................97 

Research Areas .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................98 

APPENDIX 5: Useful Contact Addresses for SHAPE.......................................................................................................................................99 

English Heritage Research and Standards Group ........................................................................................................................................................99 

English Heritage Policy Team....................................................................................................................................................................................................................99 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................99



Introduction 

From April 2008, it will be a condition of all Historic 

Environment Commissions grant applications that 

project proposals identify specifically one SHAPE 

sub-programme to which they contribute. This will 

include grants via the Historic Environment Enabling 

Programme, the Maritime Archaeology budget, and the 

Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund. 

SHAPE has developed from, and replaces Exploring 

Our Past Implementation Plan 1998 (EOP98). 

This book explains the rationale behind SHAPE and 

how it is to be used, and introduces all the current 

Programmes and Sub-Programmes. 

Background 

English Heritage meets its objectives through a wide 

range of mechanisms and methods, but one of the most 

important is through the planning and implementation 

of specific projects. Such projects are undertaken 

internally, with partners, or are externally commissioned. 

They include research, capacity-building (empowerment), 

communication (and advocacy), policy-making, and 

direct heritage management through repair grants. 

In 1998 a framework called Exploring our Past 

was established for projects relating principally to 

archaeological projects. It was externally published 

in 2003 and since then all externally commissioned 

projects have been commissioned against the 

priorities established within it. Its purpose was to 

ensure an explicit link between the corporate goals of 

English Heritage and the outcomes of project work 

undertaken in-house or commissioned from others. 

Following government recommendations in A Force 

for our Future (DCMS/DTLR 2001) English Heritage 

completed its modernising programme 2005 and issued 

Making the Past Part of our Future, an entirely new 

overarching Corporate Strategy for 2005-2010 (http:// 

www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/final strategy 

doc.pdf: for a summary of the aims and objectives 

please see Appendix 1). 

Central to our strategy is a holistic approach to the 

historic environment, which, rather than establishing 

separate approaches to archaeology, landscapes or 

historic buildings, seeks to harness the strengths of 

all the different disciplines and professions serving 

the sector. Because the former Exploring our Past 

framework was mainly focused on archaeology, this 

new approach required a fundamental overhaul of the 

framework within which we commission, undertake, 

and report on the success of projects. The result of that 

overhaul is SHAPE. 

• SHAPE is a Strategic framework for Historic 

environment Activities and Programmes in English 

Heritage 

• SHAPE replaces Exploring Our Past 1998 as the 

framework for historic environment projects from 

April 1st 2008. 

• SHAPE ensures that every project we undertake 

or commission clearly demonstrates its role in our 

strategy. 

• SHAPE ensures that all projects, whether research, 

capacity-building, communication, guidance, policy or 

direct management, fit within a common framework. 

• SHAPE acts as the explicit bridge between 

our Corporate Strategy and our Research Strategy 

Discovering the Past, Shaping the Future (http:// 

www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Research_ 

Strategy.pdf) 

SHAPE in English Heritage now 

and in the future 

SHAPE is being incorporated sequentially into English 

Heritage’s working practice. SHAPE 2008 (this publication) 

covers ONLY projects initiated or commissioned within 

the Research and Standards Group and Policy Team. 

This affects major grants programmes: 

• Historic Environment Enabling Programme 

• Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund 1 

And any projects commissioned or implemented by the 

following Departments: 

• Research Department 

• Conservation Department 

• Properties Presentation Department 

• National Monuments Record 

• Strategy Department 

1 

The Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund is distributed by English Heritage on behalf of the 

Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), and currently runs until March 2008. 

Future availability is not automatically assured and prospective applicants should check our website 

(www.english-heritage.org.uk/ALSF) before making any application



Revised versions of SHAPE will be issued on the intranet 

and internet as roll-out proceeds. Brand new editions 

will be published externally at least every five years 

from 2011 to coincide with our Corporate Strategy 

cycle and with our Research Strategy review cycle. 

The importance and benefits of 

SHAPE 

The SHAPE framework provides three major benefits: 

Consistency in project development 

Both internal and external project developers are 

encouraged to focus on the specific benefits of the 

project they are intending to undertake in terms of our 

Corporate Strategy. This provides clarity to the project 

appraisal system, in that English Heritage can see at 

once if duplication of project development may be a 

risk, or where gaps in coverage are developing. 

Consistency in project and programme planning 

The SHAPE framework provides a sound basis upon 

which to develop clear understanding of the full 

breadth of English Heritage programme and project 

activity. This will be essential in developing medium and 

long-term prioritisation of resources, and will ensure 

that complementary activities across the organisation 

may be identified and allowed to cross-fertilise. 

Consistency in project and programme reporting 

English Heritage seeks to improve transparency on its 

work to government and to the public at large. The 

framework provides a consistent basis upon which to 

report how English Heritage is using its resources at a 

strategic level. It removes any risk of double-counting, 

and promotes rapid collation of key information. 

This information is essential in preparing mandatory 

reports for Government (for example as required by 

our Research Strategy), for Parliamentary Questions, 

for other external partners, and indeed for the general 

public. Internally, it will provide a very clear picture of 

our activities to management boards, Commissioners, 

advisory panels and the like. 

Using SHAPE 

This section explains how SHAPE works, and how 

those considering initiating a project should use the 

framework. At the outset it should be recognised that 

this is not a menu from which to pick and choose, with 

the aim of forcing a previously conceived project into 

its appropriate ‘slot’. The SHAPE framework requires 

active consideration at the inception of any project in 

the form of two critical questions that must guide any 

new proposal: 

• What Corporate Objective are you trying to help 

achieve? 

• How will this best be accomplished – is it, for 

example, primarily through research? Training? Or 

communication? 

The following sections explore the approach to these 

questions in more detail. 

Establishing the primary driver for a project 

The SHAPE framework establishes the principle 

that any project English Heritage implements or 

commissions has a primary driver. That is, it aims 

primarily to meet one of our Corporate Aims and 

Objectives as set out in Making the Past Part of 

our Future (see Appendix 1). We understand that 

good projects will have multiple outcomes (and may 

therefore contribute to several Corporate Objectives), 

but we require that each project should identify its core 

objective. If a project does not aim to meet one of our 

Corporate Objectives, we will not undertake or fund it. 

To establish the core objective, please read Making 

the Past Part of our Future carefully and determine 

which Corporate Objective forms the primary 

driver. The Sub-Programmes set out in this volume 

are ordered by Aim and Objective. These aims and 

objectives are summarised in Appendix 1 of this guide. 

The business case for any project must still justify the 

need and make the case for the method within the 

proposal document. For information on this aspect 

please refer to the Management of Research Projects 

in the Historic Environment guidance (MoRPHE: 

see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/ 

MoRPHE-Project-Managers-Guide.pdf) 

Activity Types, Themes and Programmes 

If the Objectives provide the why of a project, the 

Activity Types establish the how. Just as with the 

primary driver, the principal method of delivery should 

be determined. Again, many projects will combine 

delivery methods, and rightly so, but there will always 

be a primary Activity Type. For example, a project to 

undertake the research necessary to understand the 

best way to conserve lead roofing will have a separate 

Activity Type (Research) from the project undertaken 

to construct, consult on and publish guidance getting 

that message across (Empowerment/Capacity-Building).



Such sub-divisions may seem to overly systematise 

a seamless intellectual process, but reporting 

requirements upon English Heritage are such that this 

structured approach is highly beneficial. 

The Activity Types identified are: 

1. Research 

2. Empowerment (also referred to as capacity-building) 

3. Communication (including outreach) 

4. Policy Development 

5. Heritage Management 

6. Structural development (systems/operational projects 

within EH) 

Each broad Activity Type is sub-divided into Themes 

and Programmes, as exemplified with the English 

Heritage Research Agenda (http://www.englishheritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Research 

Agenda.pdf). Short 

definitions and a quick reference list of these can be 

found in Appendix 2 of this volume. 

Only one Theme and Programme will be relevant for 

any given project, Once identified, this maps the Sub- 

Programme to which the project belongs. 

Identifying the relevant Sub-Programme 

The process of mapping the appropriate Sub- 

Programme is best demonstrated by example. Let 

us say that an applicant wishes to apply to undertake 

a project which promotes best practice in Heritage 

Protection. This would meet: 

Corporate Objective: 3A - Promote better legislation, 

policies, guidance and good practice to improve the 

system of protection. 

Let us say that the applicant identifies that the best 

means of doing this is to deliver focused training for 

local authority archaeology and conservation officers. 

The project would do this through capacity-building 

in the form of training. Such a project falls under the 

‘Empowerment’ activity type: 

Activity Type: 2 – Empowerment 

Empowerment Theme: D – Enhancing government: 

assisting local and national government 

representatives in understanding, conserving and 

promoting the historic environment 

Empowerment Programme 1 – Widening Skills: 

Training government specialists 

This combination of corporate Objective and Activity 

Type can be codified into 3A-2-D1. 

For purposes of data organisation this code is 

converted into a number, replacing alphabetical letters 

with digits (A=1, D=4 etc). 3A-2-D1 when converted 

into a simple number becomes 31-2-41. Looking 

through the Sub-Programmes with that number, there 

is only one: Sub-Programme 31241.110, Heritage 

Protection Training for Local Authorities 

The proposed project is thus badged with this number, 

allowing it to be linked through the framework with 

any other local government training projects related to 

heritage protection. 

Determining specific priorities 

It will be immediately obvious that the specific subject 

matter of any given project is not normally defined 

within the SHAPE framework. There are no Sub- 

Programmes specifically aimed at the research of 

Bronze-Age barrows, or to the management of 

suburban historic building stock, for example. SHAPE 

is a strategically-driven framework, establishing the 

primary objective (‘why’) and then the method of any 

proposed project (‘how’). 

There are of course subject priorities - the ‘what’ - 

which new projects will address, but those priorities are 

set out in other documents. 

For research into the historic environment, the most 

appropriate place to establish subject priorities is 

through the expanding range of regional, thematic 

and period Research Frameworks being developed 

by academic, practitioner, curatorial and community 

research groups throughout the sector. Priorities 

established within these documents are for the sector 

as a whole. 

English Heritage priorities will be made clearer still 

in our own Research Strategies, under development 

in 2008. These will cover key issues relating to our 

more remote past (Prehistory, Roman Britain), and to 

aspects of our more recent past (for example Industrial 

heritage, historic Places of Worship, the Urban historic 

environment, Military heritage, and the more recent 

past of the later 20th Century. These mesh with the 

Research Frameworks but provide tighter prioritisation 

for our own resources. Between them, these resources 

establish the ‘what’ for new research projects. 

For education projects, the Strategy for Learning (www. 

english-heritage.org.uk/learning) sets out our internal 

priorities for reaching different audiences. Similarly, for 

10



training and capacity-building, the forthcoming English 

Heritage Training Strategy will provide clear indications 

of our priorities. Management and policy priorities 

will of course be related to threats and opportunities. 

Priorities for these will be found in English Heritage 

Regional Plans and guidance for specific repair grant 

schemes as appropriate 

Some policy-based research programmes have been 

outlined by the UK Historic Environment Research 

Group (UKHERG - see http://www.heritagelink/docs/ 

UKHERG research policy.pdf). 

External applicants to grants programmes 

are in every case strongly advised to follow 

grants application guidance and discuss 

with relevant English Heritage staff as 

appropriate before submitting proposals. 

In the case of the Aggregates Levy Sustainability 

Fund, for example, projects must also match with 

Defra objectives if they are to be considered for 

funding support. 

Project Development and Management 

English Heritage subscribes to the Government’s 

recommendations on project development, namely 

ROAMEF. This acronym indicates the need for: 

clarity of Rationale and Objectives, robust Appraisal 

systems, means of Monitoring, Evaluation and Feedback 

on every project. This principle lies at the heart of 

Management of Research Projects in the Historic 

Environment (MoRPHE: www.english-heritage.org. 

uk/upload/pdf/MoRPHE-Project-Managers-Guide.pdf). 

MoRPHE has been adopted for all historic environment 

projects undertaken by English Heritage, and from April 

1st 2008 its adoption becomes a condition of grant 

for the Historic Environment Enabling Programme 

and the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund. It adopts 

and expands the principles previously set out in 

Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP2) to 

ensure a holistic approach to the historic environment. 

Since each project sets out to achieve an objective, 

their structure should identify key milestones or targets 

to be met during their life-cycle, and specific outcomes 

related to the objective concerned. English Heritage 

uses the SMART system of target evaluation: Specific, 

Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. 

MoRPHE project management 

guidance compliance is now a 

condition of grant for HEEP and 

ALSF grant-aid © English Heritage 

11



THE FRAMEWORK 

The following pages set out a brief description of the 

Sub-Programmes that make up the SHAPE framework. 

They are arranged first of all by the Corporate 

Objective under which they sit, and then by the Activity 

Type, its Theme and Programme. 

Each is presented in tabular form and accompanied by 

some examples of projects previously or currently set 

within the Sub-Programme. 

For any project to be commissioned or implemented, 

the appropriate SHAPE Sub-Programme into 

which it fits must be determined. This book contains 

a brief description of each of these Sub-Programmes. 

If a project does not cleanly fit into one of these 

Sub-Programmes, English Heritage will not initiate or 

commission the project 2 . 

NB: You may note a discontinuity in the numerical 

sequence from time to time (for example there are no 

Sub-Programmes associated with Corporate Objective 

2D or 2E; and there are no Policy Formulation themes 

and programmes under any objectives). This is not an 

error, it is just that external grants will not be issued to 

meet these areas of activity. 

Please note that English Heritage can 

only consider commissioning of a project 

if there is sufficient resource or funding 

to undertake it, notwithstanding a clear 

match between a proposed project and a 

Sub-Programme. 

2 

In the very unlikely situation that a Sub-Programme does not exist within the framework, but 

it is agreed that the project should definitely go ahead, there is a mechanism for developing new 

Sub-Programmes and inscribing them within the framework. Please contact English Heritage at the 

addresses given at the end of this document for further advice 

the historic environment enabling programme annual report 

IMPACT 

© John Gribble 

Regular reporting of commissioned 

projects from our HEEP and ALSF 

programmes is available through our 

annual reports such as IMPACT, and can 

be found on line through our web-pages 

at www.english-heritage.org.uk/HEEP 

© English Heritage 

James Davies, © English Heritage 

© British Museum 

Investing in England’s Heritage 

Illustrations from projects which took place in 2006-07: (Main picture) 

Statue commemorating the sinking of the SS Mendi, (right, top to bottom) 

Sixth-century brooch from the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Buckland, Dover; 

Westbury Baths, Wiltshire; Volunteers from RWE npower – a business 

partner in the Lydiard Park Project – assisting the gardening team on the 

restoration of the Walled Garden at Lydiard Park, Swindon in 2006. 

© Lydiard Park 

HEEP 

annual report 

2006-07 

12



An annotated example of a SHAPE Sub-Programme table 

Sub-Programme Name 

Sub-Programme Number 

Corporate Objective 

Activity Type and Programme 

Sub-Programme Description 

Reason for EH Support 

This sets out the basic aim of the Sub-Programme. The name should be quoted in any project 

initiation documentation, e.g. 

Historic Environment at Risk: Monitoring surveys 

This is the unique database number which links the Sub-Programme to the Corporate 

Strategy and Activity Type data. It should be carefully included in any project initiation 

documentation, e.g. 

32141.110 

This states the primary driver for the Sub-Programme and thus for all projects within it, e.g. 

3B: Ensure that the condition of the most significant parts of the historic environment is 

monitored and recorded to enable their better protection 

This states the primary Activity Type to be employed, and the relevant Theme and Programme, e.g. 

RESEARCH D1: Heritage at Risk: Quantifying and analysing the condition of the historic 

environment 

This sets out the scope of the Sub-Programme and provides exemplar projects to assist with 

correct allocation, e.g. 

Research gathering periodic comparative information on the state of key historic assets in 

order to inform evidence-based management and protection policy. Exemplar projects 

include: 

• Scheduled Monuments At Risk 

• Designed Landscapes At Risk 

• (Monitoring) Contract in Support of Protected Wrecks 

• Hydrological Monitoring and Modelling 

This clarifies the basis upon which English Heritage support is provided to the Sub-Programme, e.g. 

Research required to develop evidence base to enable English Heritage to prioritise action 

and thus meet its central role of protecting nationally important historic assets 

Research categories NABS SETI Primary purpose Frascati Definition Research Areas 

(where appropriate) 

2.2 C Specific Applied Humanities 

NABS 

SETI Primary purpose 

NABS stands for Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Science Programmes and 

Budgets. This entry allows for research reporting to Government and across Europe (see Appendix 4) 

Government categories of Science, Engineering and Technology and Innovation research including 

those for the Humanities (see Appendix 4) 

Frascati Research category Definition of Research Type according to Frascati (OECD 1994) (see Appendix 4) 

Research Areas 

Similar Sub-Programmes 

Science, Technology, Arts and Humanities or Social Sciences (see appendix 3 of the English 

Heritage Research Strategy) 

This section identifies closely-related Sub-Programmes to further assist accurate identification of 

appropriate project membership 

13



1 A Corporate Objective 1A: Ensure that our research 

addresses the most important and urgent needs of 


Activity Type 1: RESEARCH 

A range of research Sub-Programmes have been 

activated to achieve Objective 1A. These currently 

fall within Research Programmes A1-A3 (aimed at 

building a solid evidence base exactly where it is most 

Research Programme A1 – What’s out There?: Defining, characterising 

and analysing the historic environment 

Sub-Programme Name Understanding Place: New historic assets discovered from remote sensing surveys 

needed), G2 (aimed at supporting the establishing an 

appropriately focused and coherent culture of research 

on the real priorities), and G3 (ensuring that we 

measure the impact and effectiveness of our approach). 

Sub-Programme Number 11111.110 





1A: Ensuring that our research addresses the most important and urgent needs of the 

historic environment 

RESEARCH A1: What’s out There?: Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment 

Projects relating specifically to the establishment of new evidence for historic assets through 

a wide variety of remote sensing techniques. Examples might include: 

• Aerial photography and/or lidar surveys 

• Geophysical surveys 

• Thermal imaging surveys of buildings 

Development of a sound evidence base for areas of the country which remain under-surveyed 



11.9 A Oriented-Basic Humanities 

See 11112.110 for seabed remote sensing surveys. Does not include the specific National 

Mapping Programme (32111.110) 







Understanding Place: Confirming new historic assets detected by remote sensing 




Projects relating specifically to the establishment of new evidence for historic assets through 

a wide variety of remote sensing techniques. Examples might include: 

• Trial-trenching of cropmarks from air photographs 

• Analytical field survey of lidar-detected earthworks 

• Environmental sampling of possible palaeochannels 

• Sampling to test thermal imaging of possible wall-paintings 

Development of a sound evidence base for areas of the country which remain under-surveyed 




Separate from surveys and analysis of assets, areas and landscapes of known historical 

significance (see 11111.130) 

14



1 A 

a) 

b) 

a) Excavations within York Minster in 

1962. An innovative study of belowground 

archaeology and standing 

historic fabric is re-writing the history 

of this great church © NMR and 

Dean and Chapter of York Minster 

b) A late 19th-century board school. 

English Heritage is working on a 

programme of research to enhance 

understanding of historic school 

buildings nationally, to inform 

guidance on their sustainable re-use 








Understanding Place: Analysis of specific historic assets and locales 




Projects developing a coherent understanding of specific historic assets and locales through 

survey and investigation. Examples might include: 

• Archaeological evaluation and interpretation of a monument 

• Photogrammetric survey and interpretation of a building 

• Field survey of a cluster of localised monuments or discrete area 

• Multi-disciplinary survey of a locale (eg a house and its parkland) 

Development of a sound evidence base for specific locales and historic assets in order 

to ensure appropriate management information is available and effective communication 

possible to community 



11.9 C Strategic-Applied Humanities 







Understanding Place: Assessing the national resource 




Projects researching and synthesising our current understanding of the national stock of 

particular asset classes. Examples might include: 

• Historic school buildings 

• Barrow cemeteries 

• Brunel’s cast iron structures 

• Coastal salt-making industry 

• 19th-century suburbs 

Development of a sound evidence base for consideration of values, inclusion in appropriate 

Heritage Protection systems and prioritising action for future research 



Similar Sub-Programmes Separate from assessment of historic areas (see 11111.150) 

15




Projects assessing the nature and composition of the historic environment in defined areas, 

the potential of the areas to benefit key historic environment objectives, and assessing 

relative values related to these resources. Examples might include 

• Rapid area assessments of historic towns 

• Integrated landscape assessments (a range of hills, or a river valley, for example) 

• Urban Archaeological Assessments 









Understanding Place: Survey of London 




Projects relating to the continuation of the detailed architectural and topographical survey of 

London’s historic districts and suburbs as initiated in 1894. Projects are all in-house (see 

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1636), but may involve grant-aided assistance 

Development of detailed historical and architectural inventory and evidence base to assist in 

heritage management, and to provide fundamental educational resource on the nation’s capital 




Sub-Programme Name Understanding Place: Assessing historic areas 


Corporate Objective 1A: Ensuring that our research addresses the most important and urgent needs of the 







Similar Sub-Programmes Separate from assessment of specific historic assets (see 11111.140) 

1 A Roofs lining Bridge Street, Berwickupon-Tweed. 

This part of the town, 

adjoining the original harbour, developed a 

distinctive commercial flavour dominated 

by large granaries, one of which is shown. 

Photographed as part of the Berwickupon-Tweed 

Historic Area Assessment 

Project © English Heritage 

16



1 A 







Understanding Place: Assessing regional historic environment components 




Projects assessing regional character, diversity and variety of historic asset stock. Examples 

might include: 

• Regional assessment of particular building types 

• Regional assessment of churches 

• Regional review of specific monument types 

• Regional assessment of ancient field systems 

• Regional study of prehistoric rock art 





Similar Sub-Programmes Supports projects undertaken in 11111.140 







Understanding Place: Historic Landscape Characterisation (urban and 

metropolitan) 




High-level characterisation of full extent of historic townscapes of all towns above a certain 

size in England and the associated metropolitan areas of our larger cities, according to specific 

methodologies. Undertaken in close partnership with local government (see http://www. 

english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1292). Examples might include: 

• Extensive Urban Surveys of smaller historic towns 

• Urban Historic Landscape Characterisation 

• Urban Townscape Assessments 

Characterisation of townscapes to provide value-free baseline data of the complete historic 

environment of towns and cities. Provides significant evidence base for informing high-level 

planning and regeneration policy 



2.1 C Strategic-Applied Social Sciences 

Similar to 11111.150, but holistic in approach and does not provide value-judgements of 

significance or potential 

a) 

b) 

© Tim Cromack,, English Heritage 

a) Volume 46 of the Survey of London, 

published in April 2008. Architectural and 

historical research provides a vital evidence 

base for a fast-changing capital city 

b) Prehistoric rock art such as this at Routin 

Lynn, Northumberland is as important as 

drystone walling or timber-framed houses 

in defining regional character © English 

Heritage (both images) 

17









Understanding Place: Historic Landscape Characterisation (rural/county/ 

region-wide) 




Projects characterising the entire historic and current landscape of districts or counties 

according to a specified methodology and in close partnership with local authorities (see 

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1292). Examples might include: 

• County-based HLCs 

• National Park/AONB-based HLCs 

• Growth Area HLCs 

Development of high-level evidence base for strategic planning at authority-wide scales 




Links to 11111.210 aiming to provide, ultimately, 100% coverage of English landscape 

a) 

© Graham Fairclough, English Heritage 

1 A a) England’s historic landscape character 







Understanding Place: Historic Landscape Characterisation (thematic) 




Projects developing characterisation methodology into particular multi-faceted asset types to 

assist with strategic overviews on specific planning issues.(see http://www.english-heritage.org. 

uk/server/show/nav.10781) Examples might include: 

• Military complexes 

• Hospital complexes 

• Farmsteads 

Exemplar research developing character and landscape context of historic asset types and 

buildings, identifying those features or elements that contribute to local distinctiveness and 

character as a first step in generating guidance for landowners and planners on enhancement 

of assets based on this understanding 




Similar to 11111.150, but relates to extensive complexes and is mapping based 

is a landscape palimpsest stretching back 

thousands of years, as with this field 

system near the Long Mynd, Shropshire 

b) Characterisation of our seascapes is being 

developed to complement land-based 

characterisation to enable informed decisionmaking 

on marine developments such as 

this wind-farm at Scroby Sands, Norfolk 

b) 

c) Regional diversity enriches our sense of 

place in the 21st century, and distinctive 

regional traditions such as neolithic long 

barrows like Belas Knapp, Gloucestershire 

help to capture the diversity of far older 

cultural groupings 

18



1 A 







Understanding Place: Historic Seascape Characterisation 




Projects capturing the historic character of our coastal and marine environment, including 

past sea surface use, water-column use, sea-bed use and buried, below-bed historic assets, 

through holistic area-based mapping (see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ 

nav.8684) 

Development of high-level evidence base for strategic marine planning 




Allied with 11111.210; separate from 11112.110 (mapping the seabed), the results of which 

will feed into this Sub-Programme 







Understanding Place: researching regional diversity 




Projects which will provide integrated critical and practical assessments of the diversity of 

specific regions and districts based upon their unique historic environment characteristics. 

Such projects will build upon 11111.170; 11111.210-230 and other inputs. Examples might 

include: 

• Assessing the evidence for prehistoric regions 

• Assessing regional historic environment identity 

Developing evidence base to assist in understanding sense of place, and thus informing 

planning and sustainable future for character of distinct regions 




© NMR, English Heritage 

c) 


19









Understanding the impact of past Climate Change 




Projects researching evidence for past climatic changes on the historic environment, and on 

human habitation in what is now England. Examples might be: 

• Evidence of inundation and human responses to it from submerged former terrestrial sites 

offshore 

• Analysis of climatic change revealed through investigation of palaeoenvironmental deposits 

Enhancement of government message on the scale of impacts that can be anticipated 

through large-scale climate alterations, by illustration and communication of physical evidence 

of effects on past cultures in England 



3.10 A Oriented-Basic Scientific 

Separate from 11111.420 in specificity 

1 A Sub-Programme Name 





a) Archaeology holds the key to 


Understanding ancient environments and ecologies 




Projects that analyse the material evidence for past environments and exploitation of the 

environment, including agricultural regimes and subsistence strategies, and eco-systems 

affecting and affected by human. Exemplar projects might include: 

• Palaeoenvironmental mapping projects 

• Investigation of agricultural practices and husbandry regimes from biological remains 

• Mapping and sampling of palaeo-channel systems 

• Vegetational histories, eg palynological sampling syntheses 

• Species survival ranges (introductions/extinctions) 

Ensuring evidence base for studying the past is not restricted simply to anthropogenic 

components, but is appropriately contextualised 


Similar Sub-Programmes See 11111.410 


understanding the speed and impact of 

climate change in the past. Here, a whole 

prehistoric landscape inundated by rising sea 

levels lies preserved under the North Sea 

b) Archaeology is as much about the 

environment with which past peoples 

interacted - their food, fuel, and pests (such 

as this late Roman evidence of grain weevil 

damage). English Heritage supports synthesis 

and development of reference material to 

ensure good knowledge transfer 

a) b) 

© Birmingham University 


20



1 A 







Understanding artefacts and material culture 




Projects that research and synthesise our understanding of the development of poorly 

understood classes or traditions of portable objects, the technologies used in their 

production and their currency and interdependence. Examples might include: 

• Regional period artefact type synthesis (eg Saxon pottery) 

• Rare production site and technology analysis (eg porcelain kilns) 

• Primary national syntheses of associated artefacts (eg textiles and dress accessories) 

• National dating of susceptible artefact types (eg antler mace-heads) 

Providing commercial and research organisations with the correct tools to ensure efficient 

use of resources; supporting synthesis of work undertaken as a result of such individual 

investigations. Developing context data to enhance public display facilities in museums 




Regional reviews of discoveries fall under 11172.110 (resource assessments). Analysis of fixed 

objects (rather than portable) appears below in 11111.520 







Understanding historic fixtures, fittings and decorative elements 




Projects researching and synthesising specific aspects of (usually built) historic assets. 

Analogous to 11111.510, but relates to nationally significant decorative schemes, fixtures or 

furniture, rather than building fabric or portable items. Subjects will be very diverse, and 

might include examples such as: 

• Immobile prehistoric rock art 

• Synthesis of Victorian church fixtures 

• Second World War graffiti survey 

Providing commercial and research organisations with the correct tools to ensure efficient 

use of resources; Developing context data to enhance valuation (not just monetary) and 

conservation of existing collections or groups. Evidence base for suitable protection 


Similar Sub-Programmes See also 11111.510 


a) 

a) The accurate understanding of artefact 

traditions, styles and industries, such as this 

12th-century assemblage of Sandy-Shelly 

Wares from the London region, is vital to 

interpretation of sites and cultures 

b) 

© MoLAS 

b) 18th-century box pews add much 

character to this 14th-century church in 

Elmstead, Essex, and at a time of intense 

pressure for adaptation, this value must be 

made explicit to inform decisions on change 

© Patricia Payne, English Heritage 

21

a) 

© MoLAS 

1 A english heritage 


a) Human remains are our most direct 

association with the past. Disease, trauma, 

migration and population change remain 

key reasons for study of sites such as the 

Black Death cemetery at East Smithfield 

b) New sites such as this unidentified 

wreck on the Goodwin Sands, abound on 

our sea floor 

b) 

© ADUS, University of St. Andrews 







Revealing ancient cultures 




Projects researching and synthesising the nature of past cultures in the wider sense, beyond 

specific monuments or material culture. Very likely to be partnership projects developing key 

research topics in association with academic institutions or learned societies 

There are specific arguments (in the case, for example, of prehistoric monuments) where 

establishment of a cultural context is highly desirable for informing landscape management 

strategies, or developing appropriate sampling strategies for field investigation. Projects taken 

forward will be exemplary and will have clear outcomes: general archaeological synthesis 

cannot be the remit of English Heritage 




Draws on many other Sub-Programmes 







Understanding past populations of Britain: Historical demography and 

human biology 




Projects researching key aspects of biological, medical and demographic archaeology of our 

ancestors. Such projects will be related to development of new kinds of understanding 

relating to community, diversity and migration, as well as to providing exemplars for best 

practice for the sector. Examples might include: 

• Isotope analysis of specific human skeletal groups 

• A-DNA research 

• Evidence for past pathologies, pathogens and medical conditions 

• Physiological variability 

• Ageing of skeletal remains 

Establishing new reference collections or resources based on new techniques; supporting 

evidence from historical collections to enhance modern medical research into conditions and 

pathologies and their causes 




This is separate from 14171.110 developing new techniques – it is the research that provides 

the outcomes from their implementation 

22



1 A 

Research Programme A2 – Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly 

understood landscapes, areas and monuments 







New Frontiers: Mapping our marine heritage 



RESEARCH A2: Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly understood landscapes, areas and monuments 

Projects developing the fundamental evidence base for our off-shore and intertidal zone 

historic environment. Exemplar projects may include: 

• Sub-surface remote-sensing surveys 

• Offshore and intertidal field surveys 

• Aerial or satellite surveys 

• Synthesis and modelling of hydrological survey data 

Critical requirement to build up evidence-base for submerged landscapes, structures, artefact 

or ecofact concentrations, wrecks and palaeoenvironmental resources to feed in to marine 

planning. Separate from Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Surveys 



1.2 b Strategic-Applied Humanities 

Separate from 11111.240 Historic Seascape Characterisation, which will build on this. Will 

inevitably cross-cut on a range of Programme A1 Sub-Programmes, but used here specifically 

for seabed projects 







New Frontiers: Understanding subterranean places 




Exemplar projects developing research-based approaches to significant subterranean archaeology, 

architecture and material culture. Such projects will include caves and fissures, mines, shafts, 

subterranean defences, tunnelled infrastructure and the like. Examples might include: 

• Basic structural and mapping surveys 

• Stratigraphic evaluations of cave deposits 

• Recording of contents, fixtures, decoration, graffiti etc 

• Associated historical research 

Distinct need to develop evidence-base for a poorly-understood, but significant area of the 





Will inevitably cross-cut on a range of Programme A1 Sub-Programmes, but used here 

specifically for subterranean projects 

Important treasures lie in old mines and 

tunnels, such as this inscription in Speedwell 

mine, Derbyshire. The full inscription, dated 

October 20th 1781, reads ‘A Health to All 

Miners and Maintainers of Mines’ 

© Jon Humble 

23









a) Understanding the remote past through 


New Frontiers: The Remote Past (Pleistocene and Palaeolithic archaeology) 




Projects developing the fundamental evidence base for the earliest evidence for humans in 

England (and associated submerged zones), up to and including the last glaciation. Examples 

might include: 

• Survey and mapping of artefact-bearing deposits 

• Palaeoenvironmental resource mapping and assessment 

• Lithics distribution analysis 

Critical requirement to build up evidence-base for evidence of earliest colonisation events in 

(what is now) England, from c 700,000 BC. Specific issues can include depth of deposits, 

secondary or tertiary redeposition of artefacts, huge timescales. Results will enhance suitable 

field sampling strategies, heritage protection decisions, and establish research framework 




specifically for very early prehistoric projects 

a) b) 

such discoveries as this ‘ficron’, a huge 

handaxe over 1 ft in length and 230,000 

years old, from a garden in Cuxton, Kent 

© Francis Wenban-Smith, University of 

Southampton 

b) The archaeology of supermodernity, 

evident in such places as the Trafford 

Centre, Manchester, not well understood, 

but just as relevant to our sense of place 

as the more ancient aspects of our 

landscapes © NMR, English Heritage 

24



1 A 






New Frontiers: The recent past 




Projects developing fundamental evidence base for later 20th-century historic environment 

where understanding of both potential and contribution of the resource is complicated by issues 

of timescale, perception of potential and significance and inherent link to modern landscapes. 

Examples might include: 

• Subject research (transport, infrastructure, military, landscape) 

• Contextualisation of trends and movements in architecture 

• Establishment of significance of specific sub-periods 

Reason for EH Support Critical requirement to develop understanding of how to engage with material less than 60 

years old to avoid significant loss through ignorance, and to focus resources only where needed 



2.2 C Oriented-Basic Humanities 


specifically for late 20th-century projects 







New Frontiers: Clarifying poorly understood chronologies 




Projects researching key periods of transition between major traditional cultural periods, or 

dating major cultural shifts within periods. The purpose is to establish a more reliable map of 

the transition period into which to mesh new research projects, and the focus is on specific 

questions of dating. Academic partnership is effectively essential. Examples might include: 

• Precision dating of transitional period evidence 

• Precision dating of monument construction or burial traditions 

• Assessment of cultural indicators for transition 

Provision of dependable national chronologies to provide framework for commercial field 

investigation 




This may cross-cut 11111.610, but focus is specifically on setting up robust dated frameworks 

into which commercial and academic research projects can be fitted 

25



1 A Sub-Programme Name Realising the research dividend from past unpublished historic environment 

Research Programme A3 – Unlocking the riches: Realising the potential of 

the research dividend 

investigations 








RESEARCH A3: Unlocking the riches: Realising the potential of the research dividend 

Projects which develop contents of archives derived from past investigations into the historic 

environment (eg old excavation records, architectural investigation reports and records) into 

accessible and interpreted narratives of the building, structure or site in question. Examples might 

include: 

• Assessment, analysis and dissemination of an old excavation archive 

• Collation, integration, interpretation and publication of a suite of old architectural investigations 

on a major historic building 

• Assessment and analysis of unpublished artefact collections held in museums (especially lithics) 

Ensure that past resources are not wasted; ensure that appropriate management information 

is available for surviving sites; ensure that public access and enjoyment of stories related to 

discoveries is enhanced 




11113.210 (for assisting with community-based research), 11113.310 (for protected wrecks) 







Realising the research dividend of community research 




Projects which provide support for the dissemination and access to research carried out beyond 

planning or other conditions by voluntary groups such as societies or community groups where 

current research strongly matches regional priorities in EH. Examples might include: 

• Supporting a publication grant for research by a community group 

• Provision of resource for expertise to ensure suitable coordination of a research programme 

Brings community research directly into evidence-based policy approaches; enhances 

cohesiveness of local groups through sense of achievement 




Similar to 12211.110, 12212.110, 12213.110 (support for community involvement), but this is 

about research work needing publishing 

26



1 A 







Realising the research dividend of past unpublished Designated Wreck 

investigations and other seabed fieldwork 




Projects which maximise the benefit of past investigations and excavations on Designated 

Wrecks and other seabed investigations Examples might include: 

• Location, collation, analysis and publication of dive logs and artefacts from wreck sites 

• Recording, identification analysis and publication of prehistoric faunal remains from seabed 

dredging or trawling 

Ensure that past resources are not wasted; ensure that appropriate management information 

is available for surviving sites; ensure that public access and enjoyment of stories related to 

discoveries is enhanced 




11113.210 (for assisting with community-based research), 11113.310 (for protected wrecks) 







Tapping the motherlode: Supporting synthesis of key commercial project 

research 




Projects which provide synergistic support for unlocking the wider research value of key groups 

or themes of commercially-funded site-based research activities, where private funding has 

delivered discrete projects but where oversight of value is beneficial. Examples might include: 

• Synthetic research on a key range of excavated sites (eg Industrial Archaeology) 

• Synthesis of historic building recording events from completed grey literature 

• National surveys by period of new discoveries 

Funding of last resort to ensure that successes of PPG on historic environment through 

developer funding are feeding back into research culture and maximising benefit to 

management and to public 




27

a) 

1 A 

c) 

b) 

a) Support is provided for publishing the results 

of research on our most valuable and important 

Protected Wreck sites, such as HMS Colossus off 

the Scillies © Kevin Camidge 

b) Synthesis of past investigations undertaken 

with little or no financial support, releases great 

benefits to the public. The Roman temple to 

Mithras discovered in London in 1954 is a superb 

example © MoLAS 

c) National, thematic and regional research 

frameworks provide the basis for sector-wide 

strategies to identify areas where funding and 

effort by the sector as a whole should best be 

placed to ensure priorities are met © Council for 

British Archaeology (North West) 

d) Synthesis of significant results arising from 

completed PPG16 excavations, such as in 

Birmingham, can develop new agenda for 

commercial city-centre excavations © Mike 

Hodder, Birmingham City Council 

d)



1 A 

Research Programme G2 – Defining the questions: Devising research 

strategies, frameworks and agenda 







Supporting Research Frameworks: National, regional, local, diachronic and 

thematic frameworks 



RESEARCH G2: Defining the questions: Devising research strategies, frameworks and agenda 

Projects enabling cross-sector establishment of research frameworks (resource assessments to 

establish what is known, research agenda to set out what the priorities should be, and research 

strategies to establish the steps to be taken in addressing them). Projects to update and enhance 

successful and functioning frameworks. Examples might include: 

• Specific monument research frameworks (Fishbourne; Stonehenge; Apethorpe Hall) 

• Support for local research frameworks 

• Regional resource assessments (East Midlands, North West) 

• National thematic research agendas (Industrial archaeology agenda) 

• Period-based research strategies (Early modern strategy) 

Critical for delivery of sector-wide priorities for research activity (whether funded by EH or 

not), and establishment of agreed strategies for addressing these priorities 




Research Programme G3 – Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring 

outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector” 







Measuring the Impact of Research on Understanding the Historic Environment 



RESEARCH G3: Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes and effectiveness of English 

Heritage and the “sector” 

Projects which research strategic impact of research projects and programmes developed within 

and beyond English Heritage. Examples might include: 

• Critical review of Aggregates Levy Sustainability Research 

• Assessment of uptake of Regional Research Frameworks 

• Impact evaluation of new techniques and technologies for the historic environment 

A critical element of the English Heritage research strategy, and a critical component of 

government recommended ROAMEF principles 



11.9 C Specific-Applied Humanities 

29



1 B Sub-Programme Name 







a) b) 

Corporate Objective 1B: Enhance public understanding 

and appreciation of the historic environment and its 

conservation through education and training 

Activity Type 2: EMPOWERMENT 

The historic environment offers remarkable 

opportunities to provide life-long learning and support 

to the general public, and by doing so, arm people 

with skills and confidence to understand the benefits 

of, and threats to, our irreplaceable heritage. We have 

activated four Empowerment Programmes, aimed 

Community Training projects 

at community training, community education, direct 

support of community groups working for the historic 

environment, and specific training or education for 

those who have historically enjoyed less access to 

England’s Heritage. 

Empowerment Programme A1 – Training Communities: Giving people 

the skills to get involved (practical training courses for the public) 

1B: Enhance public understanding and appreciation of the historic environment and its 


EMPOWERMENT A1: Training communities: Giving people the skills to get involved (practical 

training courses for the public) 

Projects which develop the skill-base for non-professional local community members in 

understanding, taking care of, and otherwise successfully engaging with their local historic 

environment. Projects in this category would be expected to include an element of 

assessment of the trainees. Examples might include: 

• Survey training for local societies 

• Field-walking training for local people 

• Historic building dating and character training 

• Avocational and sports diver training on marine archaeology 

Develops wider understanding of the value of the historic environment; enhances lifelong 

learning, encourages support and enthusiasm for all aspects of our heritage, contributes to 

quality of life. Ensures English Heritage and sector delivers on Public Service Agreement 21. 

Separate from 12212.110, which covers broader educational projects without formal 

assessment. Does not include formal bursaries and work-placements (43221.210) 

30



1 B 

Empowerment Programme A2 – Educating Communities: Giving people 

the ability to perceive the importance of their own historic environment 

(educational visits, events and publications) 








Community Education projects 



EMPOWERMENT A2: Educating Communities: Giving people the ability to perceive the 

importance of their own historic environment 

Projects which widen the understanding for non-professional local community members 

about the nature, importance and value of their historic environment. Projects in this 

category can be formal education programmes, events or publications, but cannot form part 

of direct state schooling. Examples might include: 

• Accompanied site education visits projects for local residents 

• Evening or field classes 

• Accessible educational publications 

Develops wider understanding of the value of the historic environment; enhances lifelong 

learning, encourages support and enthusiasm for all aspects of our heritage, contributes to 

quality of life 

Separate from 12211.110, which covers training projects; similar to, but separate from direct 

participatory projects 51311.110 

facing page a) Lifelong learning through 

public training projects gives people 

aspiration, enthusiasm and skills, 

such as these volunteers receiving 

stereophotography training at Doddington, 

Northumberland 

© Tertia Barnett 

b) Historic sites and monuments are 

stunning places around which to formalise 

educational projects, and while not every 

grant scheme can provide capacity for this, 

where we can support partners we will 


c) Appreciation of what is around us can 

realise dramatic benefits if captured within 

creative regeneration programmes. Our 

Informed Conservation series is helping 

communities grasp these benefits 


c) 

31










Informed Conservation books 



EMPOWERMENT A2: Educating Communities: Giving people the ability to perceive the 


Specific groups of projects developing a series on key landscapes and townscapes in an 

accessible but authoritative format; designed for the general public as well as for local 

government (see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1115). Examples 

published include: 

• Birmingham Jewellery Quarter 

• Manchester (commerce and warehousing) 

• Sheffield (the legacy of the metal industry) 

• Graingertown (urban renaissance) 

Develops public education and awareness through specific, conservation-oriented 

approaches to key historic assets which may be in areas of considerable change. Enhances 

enjoyment and promotes care of these special places 

Separate from 12211.210, which covers broader educational publications 

1 B Sub-Programme Name On-line Community education resources 


Corporate Objective 1B: Enhance public understanding and appreciation of the historic environment and its 


Activity Type and Programme EMPOWERMENT A2: Educating Communities: Giving people the ability to perceive the 



Reason for EH Support Provides access to NMR resources. Develops new audiences and provides wider reach of 

resources to existing ones. Matches e-gov objectives 


Education and training for disadvantaged 

Projects in this category are specifically focused on implementing or transforming systems 

to promote and assist in educating communities. This does not cover HERs. This also does not 

include projects where a website is a subsidiary output to (for example) a research project. 


• NMR initiatives, such as Heritage Gateway, Heritage Explorer, Viewfinder, Pastscape 

• Specific web-based educational resources (eg Rock Art) 

There is one very similar sub-programme to this, which focuses on community on-line 

resources for enjoyment (51321.110). The distinction between these two will be blurred: to 

determine which one to use will require a judgement of the primary underlying reason for 

developing the resource 

groups is a priority for English Heritage, 

and the hands-on side of heritage can 

be a superb path to enthusiasm and 

creativity. Here, people with learning 

difficulties revelled in a session of finds 

processing, working with fresh, new finds 

from an aggregates site within one of 

the most intensively quarried areas of 

Worcestershire © Worcestershire County 

Council 

32



1 B 

Empowerment Programme A3 – Community support: Empowering 

community heritage efforts through direct support 








Direct funding support to community groups 



EMPOWERMENT A3: Community support: Empowering community heritage efforts through 

direct support 

This covers direct support to build capacity in community groups engaged in furthering 

strategic priorities for historic environment. Projects must have defined action plans or 

outcomes, and may include (taper-funded) support or posts within or working with a 

community group, trust or society. Projects will be time-limited. Support for political or 

professional associations, and capital purchase is excluded. Examples might include: 

• Major society information or communication support 

• Society editorial or publications support 

Support for this kind of project provides essential capacity for enthusiasts, lay experts and 

the interested community member to take responsibility for their own contributions towards 

sustaining and valuing our heritage 

Sub-Programme 51311.110 is similar but covers direct participation projects rather than 

core support 

Empowerment Programme A4 – Empowering Inclusion: Giving priority 

groups the capacity to engage through direct support 








Empowering excluded and priority groups through training and education 



EMPOWERMENT A4: Empowering Inclusion: Giving priority groups the capacity to learn 

through direct support 

This Sub-Programme focuses specifically on the direct support of less advantaged groups to 

learn about the benefits of the historic environment. It covers three key areas: disability, 

cultural minority groups, and the young. Examples might include: 

• Practical, tailored education projects 

• Hands-on experiential courses 

• Community-based educational initiatives 

Projects will help develop new audiences, provide evidence of the importance of the historic 

environment to those who are currently less aware either through age, cultural experiences 

or lack of access 

52311.11 is similar, but relates to participatory projects rather than educational programmes 

33



1 C Activity Type 2: EMPOWERMENT 

Direct ways in which English Heritage expertise and 

knowledge is transferred include capacity-building 

programmes. Empowerment Programme B1 offers 

long-term work placements within English Heritage 

to provide extensive and sound training in particular 

Empowerment Programme B1: Skilling the Sector: Ensuring professional 

training to build future capacity 

Sub-Programme Name English Heritage Professional Placements in Conservation (EPPIC) 


Corporate Objective 1C: Make sure our professional expertise and knowledge is more accessible to others who 

need it 

Activity Type and Programme EMPOWERMENT B1: Skilling the Sector: Ensuring professional training to build future 

capacity 

Sub-Programme Description Projects developing external long-term work placements (typically 1 year) with English 

Heritage experts, in order to support a recognised skills gap. Projects will be run in 

partnership with professional associations such as IFA, IHBC, and others, and progress and 

achievement assessed by EH staff. Recent examples have been: 

• Architectural Investigation 

• Archaeological Investigation 

• Archaeological Science 



Our programme of English Heritage 

Corporate Objective 1C: Make sure our professional 

expertise and knowledge is more accessible to others 

who need it 

expertise and skills held by EH employees; while 

Programme B2 brings EH experts into full partnership 

with academic specialists to promote specific courses 

and study areas relevant to the conservation of 

tomorrow’s heritage. 

Projects will ensure significant knowledge transfer to those likely to continue in employment 

in the sector, shoring up perceived areas of skills shortage and providing innovative personal 

development for placements 

Similar to 43221.210, workplace bursaries, but the latter are not related to transfer of English 

Heritage expertise and knowledge 

Professional Placements in Conservation 

(EPPIC) develops skills to fill critical 

shortage areas across the sector using 

our own expertise. Here Melanie Partlett 

learns to rectify and interpret aerial 

photographs with Matt Oakey from our 

Aerial Survey team © Dave MacLeod, 

English Heritage 

34



1 C 

Empowerment Programme B2: Professional education support: Ensuring 

our expertise and support reaches into Higher Education realm 








English Heritage scholarship and studentship support 

1C: Make sure our professional expertise and knowledge is more accessible to others who 

need it 

EMPOWERMENT B2: Professional education support: Ensuring our expertise and support 

reaches into Higher Education realm 

Projects which assist strategically important research through the offer of industry support to 

scholarships and studentships. These include direct scholarship support using EH staff 

expertise to encourage applicants in key skill-shortage areas; studentships co-supervised by 

EH staff; EH partnership teaching projects. Examples might include: 

• University scholarship support with EH staff component 

• CASE studentship support with EH co-supervisor 

• University Teaching Programme with EH staff contribution 

Ensures robust knowledge transfer, encouragement of skills in key shortage areas, builds longterm 

links with academic institutions and provides basis for innovation 

Similar to 43222.110 (general scholarship/studentship support), but distinguished by direct 

EH knowledge transfer element 

English Heritage professionals engage 

directly in university teaching programmes 

such as those run by Oxford University 

Department of Continuing Education 

© John Steane 

35



1 D Corporate Objective 1D: Develop new approaches 

which improve understanding and management of 



Sub-Programme Name Multi-disciplinary research approaches to the Historic Environment: challenges 

It is essential to remain at the forefront of developing 

techniques and approaches which tell us, and others, 

more about our historic assets and especially how to 

maintain and care for them. Intelligent combination of 

research disciplines (Programme A1) has the capacity 

to create very powerful and cost-effective tools for 

understanding the nature of our historic environment, 

and even more importantly has the potential to lead 

to cross-disciplinary fertilisation (Programme C2) 

through the transfer or receipt of new techniques from 

completely different sectors. We continue to support 

new materials conservation science, analytical research 

techniques and innovation in approaches to research 

(Programmes D2, G1), and are also maintaining a keen 

interest in researching new ways of tapping developing 

ICT capabilities to broaden access and enhance 

research (Programme F2) 

Research Programme A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and 

analysing the historic environment 

and benefits 






1D: Develop new approaches which improve understanding and management of the 


RESEARCH A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment 

Projects driven by methodological innovation to draw different research approaches together 

to provide new insights into sense of place, values of setting, benefits of presentation, and 

academic understanding of context. Projects will be outcome-based, rather than speculative 

Projects may be higher risk, so will always be by way of exemplar to be subjected to critical 

review and evaluation. Examples might include: 

• Combining aerial lidar, viewshed analysis and historic landscape characterisation to consider 

river valley developments 

• Combining satellite/multi-spectral imaging with geoarchaeology to map intertidal zones of 

archaeological potential 

• Combining analytical earthwork survey with historic tree mapping to inform setting in 

country parks 

Development of technology transfer by combining techniques in untried or innovative ways. 

Creation of new insights into the composition of the historic environment 




Closely related to 14171.310, fresh toolkits, but this Sub-Programme combines tried 

and tested techniques in innovative ways, rather than developing new techniques or 

theoretical models. Also similar to 14132.110, but more specific and technique-led 

36



1 D 

Research Programme C2: Making friends: Building understanding and 

appreciation through education and outreach 







Historic Environment research in its wider context: crossing the disciplinary 

boundaries 



RESEARCH C2: Making friends: Building understanding and appreciation through education 

and outreach 

Projects which develop and foster the cross-disciplinary development of techniques in the 

historic environment. Thus, projects that consider amalgams of art and research, architectural 

development, applied forensics for crime detection etc. Projects will be exemplars, and will be 

aiming to build strategic bridges with non-heritage bodies by case study and example. 

Partnership is highly likely. The intended outcomes must be very clearly articulated and justified. 


• Forensic techniques in crime detection 

• Arts and archaeology 

• Heritage and the natural world 

Development of cross-Government knowledge and technology transfer opportunities; 

capitalisation on unanticipated benefits of the historic environment in other spheres of activity; 

opportunities for partnership and wider funding base 



12 A Oriented-basic Humanities 

Allied to 14132.110, but covers projects bringing historic environment and non-historic 

environment approaches together 

a) 

a) Multispectral imaging from the air 

reveals a number of otherwise invisible 

archaeological features, providing targets 

for more detailed geophysics and field 

survey © Dominic Powlesland, Landscape 

Research Centre 

b) An innovative collaboration between 

art and heritage, documenting the 

closure of RAF Coltishall in Norfolk. 

The ‘characterisation’ comprises a 

photographic survey and film, recording 

the process of change leading to closure in 

2007 © Angus Boulton 

b) 

37



1 D Sub-Programme Name 







a) The problem of underside corrosion to 

Research Programme D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk 

and devising responses 

Innovative structural and materials conservation research 



RESEARCH D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk and devising responses 

Projects developing innovative approaches to physical threats to components of our historic 

environment. Projects must address strategically identified needs, and have practical outcomes. 


• Moisture movement, and effects of damp 

• Ventilation and air movement in small building cavities 

• Countering impact of fauna flora or fungi on walls/gardens/structures 

• Impacts of heat and cold 

• Conservation of modern building materials (eg concrete) 

• Corrosion of metals 

Essential development of armoury of research for protecting historic materials, sites and 

structures 


2.2 b Specific-Applied Technological 

Allied to 14171.210 – scientific and technological development, but with quite specific 

problem-oriented approach. Also very similar to 33143.110, technical conservation research, 

but the latter is aimed specifically at delivering practical guidance for owners to maintain 

properties, and thus will arise out of experimental innovation covered here 

a) 

b) 

© Chris Wood, English Heritage 


c) 

© Barney Sloane, English Heritage 

lead roofing is now far better understood 

following a 10-year research project, the 

results of which have provided a solution 

giving instant protection 

b) Innovation and imagination are 

required for archiving and dissemination of 

increasingly large digital datasets, such as this 

3-D laser scan of Grimes Graves Neolithic 

flint mine, Norfolk 

c) Experimental research into the formation 

and behaviour of archaeological sites, such 

as this Roman glass kiln, provides vital 

interpretative and management information 

38



1 D 

Research Programme F2: Wired! Studying and developing information 

management 







Information management innovation 



RESEARCH F2: Wired! Studying and developing information management 

Projects developing new ways of managing historic environment information, ranging from data 

capture, storage approaches through information flows and interoperability, to dissemination 

systems. Does not cover projects which deliver digital outputs as part of technique (eg laser 

scanning, lidar, swath bathymetry etc). Examples projects might include: 

• Online access to historic environment investigation data (eg OASIS) 

• Grey literature networks 

• Very large dataset archiving (eg http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/bigdata/) 

• Semantic technologies 

Essential development of networked and integrated information management within the sector 



11.9 b Specific-Applied Scientific 

Cross-refs to specific HER systems development (41161.110), specific Properties 

Presentation systems (53611.110), but does not cover these project categories 

Research Programme G1: Sharpening the tools: Developing new 

techniques of analysis and understanding 







Experimental research 



RESEARCH G1: Sharpening the tools: Developing new techniques of analysis and understanding 

Projects undertaking primary experimental research generally oriented on historic environment 

problems or theories but without a specific outcome sought. Projects will most likely be 

partnerships with academic sector, especially through research councils. Examples may include: 

• Experimental archaeology (fieldwork) 

• Experimental archaeological science 

• Experimental conservation science 

In specific circumstances this provides important funding to maintain healthy research culture in 

the sector; provides basis for problem-solving; informs future approaches by academic 



2.2, 2.3, 3.6 A Experimental development Scientific 

Cross-relates with eg 14142.110, and with 14711.210, developing new scientific techniques, 

but differs from first by broader application, and from second by lack of requirement for 

specific solution to threat 

39



1 D Sub-Programme Name Bright Science: technical and technological innovation 


Corporate Objective 1D: Develop new approaches which improve understanding and management of the 




Reason for EH Support Essential leadership role in developing more efficient or accurate means of data capture and 

analysis to help understand the historic environment 


2.2 A Strategic-Applied Technological 

Similar Sub-Programmes Links to 14171.110 likely; separate from 14171.310 as a result of specific technological/ 

technical development focus 

Accelerator mass spectrometer at SUERC 


Projects developing practical new technologies or scientific techniques to assist in understanding 

the historic environment and susceptible to rapid technology transfer into a commercial research 

sphere. Includes projects involving inbound technology transfer into historic environment from 

other spheres. Examples might include: 

• New scientific dating techniques 

• New remote sensing, surveying or imaging technologies 

• New conservation monitoring technologies 

(Scottish Universities’ Environmental 

Research Centre) in East Kilbride. Scientific 

techniques of studying our historic 

environment continue to develop and 

English Heritage seeks to ensure the best 

innovations can be rapidly deployed in the 

sector © English Heritage 

40



1 D 







Fresh toolkits: Methodological and theoretical research and innovation 




Projects developing new theoretical and methodological techniques to understanding the historic 

environment. Examples might include: 

• New methods of characterisation 

• New approaches to recording historic assets 

• New sampling regimes and approaches 

• New methods of predictive modelling 

• New approaches to taphonomy 

Development of approaches to increase EH and sector efficiency and to enhance methods 

of data capture and analysis 



1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 C Strategic-Applied Arts and Humanities 

Allied to 14171.210 – may feed off results or projects in that Sub-Programme 

Methodological and theoretical innovation 

delivers new ways of looking at our 

past, and with them, new benefits in 

understanding. The predictive modelling 

of archaeology in raised mires provides a 

basis for developing integrated natural and 

historic environment management tools 

to inform peat extraction, re-watering 

and other key issues © Henry Chapman, 

University of Birmingham 

41



Corporate Objective 2A: Provide better evidence of the 

importance and value of the historic environment 

2 A Activity Type 1: RESEARCH 

An increasingly important area of research is that of 

the socio-economic value and impact of the historic 

environment on quality of life and economic growth. 

To determine priorities we need to understand values 

Research Programme B1: Valuing the historic environment: Quantifying 

the economic and social value of historic assets 

Sub-Programme Name Socio-economic values of the historic environment 


Corporate Objective 2A: Provide better evidence of the importance and value of the historic environment 





8.2 b Strategic-Applied Social Sciences 


a) b) c) 

and perceptions held by the general public and by 

participating stakeholders in the sector. We recognise 

this need through three Programmes looking at values, 

perceptions and needs (B1-B3). 

RESEARCH B1: Valuing the historic environment: Quantifying the economic and social value of 

historic assets 

Projects developing the evidence base for the real values which can be ascribed to the 

historic environment. Outcomes of research will inform initiatives such as Heritage Counts 

(see 32341.110). Examples might include: 

• Value of historic building regeneration schemes 

• Investment value of World Heritage inscription 

• Non-financial values of monuments to communities 

• Value of the sector as a whole 

Fundamental evidence base providing specific financial and non-financial proof of the value of 

investment in the historic environment. Recognised as a specific priority in Research Agenda 

42



2 A 

Research Programme B2: Gauging the mood: Establishing perceptions 

and attitudes to the historic environment 







Researching perceptions of the historic environment 

2A: Provide better evidence of the importance and value of the historic environment 

RESEARCH B2: Gauging the mood: Establishing perceptions and attitudes to the historic 

environment 

Projects researching the impact of the historic environment on society. Can include opinion 

polls, dedicated research commissions and media surveys. Does not include consultations, 

networks or debating forums 

Development of evidence base demonstrating key public priorities, establishing perceptual 

gaps to provide communication priorities, and ensuring EH continues to remain in touch with 

public views 



8.2 A Strategic-Applied Social Sciences 

Research Programme B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector 

intelligence” 







Sector behaviour research 


RESEARCH B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector intelligence” 

Projects establishing the composition, disposition, integration and strategic position of 

organisations working throughout the sector. Examples might include: 

• Quantifying local government historic environment coverage 

• Establishing scale of voluntary and society-based activities 

• Profiling professional practitioners 

• Review of academic educational programmes aimed at sector 

Developing essential evidence base to understand and monitor the importance and value of 

those active across the sector; ensuring EH remains in effective contact with others working 

to conserve and sustain the historic environment 



8.2 A Strategic-Applied Social Sciences 

facing page a) & b) National Park historic 

environment professionals will be working 

together in 2007/8 on a project to examine 

the socio-economic value of heritage in the 

English and Welsh National Parks 

© Sarah Tunnicliffe, English Heritage 

c) St Martin’s and the Selfridges building, 

the Bullring, Birmingham; the historic and 

modern in exciting juxtaposition 


43



2 B Activity Type 3: COMMUNICATION 

It is vital that English Heritage provides leadership to 

the sector on issues of importance to our heritage. 

Much of this leadership comes through our day-to-day 

work, but we do commission occasional communication 

Communication Programme D3: Talking it Through: communication 

between English Heritage and stakeholders 

Sub-Programme Name Advocacy of key historic environment issues 


Corporate Objective 2B: Lead campaigns and national debates to influence policies which affect the historic 

environment 





Wheal Trewavas engine house, near 

Corporate Objective 2B: Lead campaigns and national 

debates to influence policies which affect the 


projects to assist in this objective. These primarily aim 

to develop organised forums and conferences to raise 

and debate issues which are a specific priority for us. 

COMMUNICATION D3: Talking it Through: communication between English Heritage and 

stakeholders 

Key conferences, debates and presentations advocating particular policies on specific issues 

within the historic environment (principally regarding management and/or legal frameworks). 

Does not include research-driven conferences designed to share data and methodological 

approaches. Examples might include: 

• Climate Change 

• Agricultural Impacts 

• Marine Planning 

• Strategic Growth Areas 

Essential process of informing government policy on key issues affecting the historic environment 

Shares some aspects of 23342.110, conferences and platforms; and cross-connects with all 

Policy work type Sub-Programmes, but defined by formal and specific advocacy projects 

Porthleven, Cornwall, and part of the 

Cornish Mining World Heritage Site. 

One of two Cornish-design pumping 

engine houses at Wheal Trewavas, near 

Porthleven; this dramatically located 

mine commenced working around 1834, 

principally for copper ore. © B Gamble, 

Cornwall County Council 

facing page) Visualising climate change. 

The river Thames in flood near Clanfield, 

Oxfordshire, taken on 24 July 2007 during 

one of the wettest summers on record: 

the submerged remains of Burroway 

Iron Age enclosure (RSM 12006) are 

just visible centre right. © Damian Grady, 


44



2 B 

45



2 C Corporate Objective 2C: Engage with key 

stakeholders on issues affecting, or affected by, the 



Our research programmes all deliver on this objective special and protected landscapes. This primarily covers 

in some manner. However, one key priority for us is the National Parks and the Areas of Outstanding 

our support for and assistance of those charged with Natural Beauty. 

sustaining the diverse cultural heritage of England’s 



Sub-Programme Name Protected Landscape research 


Corporate Objective 2C: Engage with key stakeholders on issues affecting, or affected by, the historic environment 

Activity Type and Programme RESEARCH A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and analysing the historic 

environment 

Sub-Programme Description Projects developing research in partnership with protected landscape managers to establish 

historic environment evidence base within strategic plans for those landscapes. Projects must 

provide exemplars that can be converted into practical future approaches and developed 

within the protected landscape, and will most often be collaborative, involving English 

Heritage teams as well as external commissions. Examples might include: 

• Local industrial surveys 

• Landscape palaeo-environmental assessments 

• Predictive modelling surveys 

• Analytical earthwork surveys 

Reason for EH Support As part of a national programme developing partnerships with protected landscape 

authorities to promote issues relating to the historic environment 



Similar Sub-Programmes Very similar range of activities to those in 11111.130 but related specifically to research 

within Protected Landscapes 

Protected landscapes such as our National 

Parks require research to understand their 

individual character, such as here at the 

Staffordshire Peak, in Peak National Park. 


46



2 C 


We also aim to assist and support key stakeholders in 

government and in particular with national agencies 

whose work brings them into close contact with historic 

environment issues. One key way in which we can help 








Training for major public asset holders and agencies 

is through training programmes aimed at enhancing 

the skills of those working in such departments and 

agencies in ensuring the historic environment is built 

into their strategies from the outset. 

Empowerment Programme C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those 

with a stake in the historic environment the capacity to care for it 

2C: Engage with key stakeholders on issues affecting, or affected by, the historic environment 

EMPOWERMENT C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those with a stake in the historic 

environment the capacity to care for it 

Training initiatives to introduce representatives of governmental or public organisations with 

large-scale responsibilities for the historic environment to issues involved. Recipients might 

include: 

• Government agencies (eg Natural England, Environment Agency, Regional Development 

Agencies, Highways Agency) 

• Other government departments (eg MOD/Defence Estates) 

Development of necessary skills within asset-holder organisations to engage with historic 

environment issues directly 

This is separate from local government support and capacity-building (see 41241.110), and 

from training given to those working within the sector (43221.110) 

Converting policy on sustainable 

management and wider enjoyment of the 

historic environment into direct beneficial 

action requires skilled staff at all levels of 

government and throughout the sector 


47



2 C Activity Type 3: COMMUNICATION 

We are developing our links with other stakeholders 

through two communication programmes. First, we 

are providing support for those working in important 

subjects, across regions, or concerned with key issues to 

gather and discuss and debate their views; and second, 

Communication Programme D2: Debating the issues: Communication 

through conferences, debates and fora 

Sub-Programme Name Conferences and platforms for engagement 


Corporate Objective 2C: Engage with key stakeholders on issues affecting, or affected by, the historic environment 

Activity Type and Programme COMMUNICATION D2: Debating the issues: Communication through conferences, 

debates and fora 

Sub-Programme Description Conferences, seminars, day schools and workshops to develop structured communication on 

key issues in the historic environment. Examples might include: 

• Specialism conferences (eg geoarchaeology, osteology, wall paintings) 

• Issues day schools (eg Climate Change, regeneration, tourism) 

• Regional forums 

• Subject workshops (eg marine planning, seaside towns, etc) 

Reason for EH Support Knowledge transfer across key stakeholder groups and outward to influencers and 

decision-makers 

Similar Sub-Programmes Separate from data-sharing workshops undertaken as part of research activities (these will 

appear under the research project categories), and from specific EH-led advocacy campaigns 

(see 22343.110) 

Major conferences such as the International 

we support the creation and development of formal 

partnerships in the historic environment which include 

multiple stakeholders and which exist to meet a specific 

set of actions and goals. 

Congress on Underwater Archaeology 

provide critical opportunities for 

individuals to engage with hot topics and 

for partnerships to flourish © IKUWA3 

Facing page) Strategic partnerships such as 

Wetland Vision, a meeting of Environment 

Agency, Natural England, English Heritage, 

RSPB and the Wildlife Trusts, can take 

long-term views on specific aims and 

visions © Richard Brunning 

48



2 C 

Communication Programme D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, 

forums, and councils working to solve historic environment challenges 








Historic Environment Partnerships 


COMMUNICATION D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, forums, and councils 

working to solve historic environment challenges 

Formal partnership projects with defined action plans, goals or outcomes (as opposed to 

standing committees, programme boards etc). Examples might include: 

• National Archives Forum 

• Archaeological Training Forum 

• European partnership projects 

• Natural Environment joint ventures 

Provides leadership through supporting healthy sector infrastructure and encouraging free 

exchange of information and opinion. Advances cross-sector strategic approach and 

encourages integrated approaches to common issues 

49



3 A Activity Type 1: RESEARCH 

Development of appropriate, workable systems for 

protecting and conserving the nation’s historic assets 

requires careful research, often through pilot studies 

or exemplars (D3), but also through research into 

Research Programme D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation 

Sub-Programme Name Strategic Designation Research 

Corporate Objective 3A: Promote better legislation, 

policies, guidance and good practice to improve the 

system of protection 

modelling proposed regimes and frameworks, and 

establishing the impact and effectiveness of existing or 

pilot systems (G3). 






3A: Promote better legislation, policies, guidance and good practice to improve the system of 

protection 


Projects undertaken in specific respect of agreed Strategic Designation programme, following 

national consultation. Projects will specifically define or enhance relevant Principles of 

Selection and will deliver Detailed Asset Descriptions where research is thematic in nature 

Specific research to inform strategic delivery of designation priorities 



2.2 b Specific-Applied Social Sciences 

Closely allied with 11111.140, 11111.150, 11111.170; distinct through specific development of 

key Heritage Protection instruments as part of research 







Heritage Protection Research 


protection 

RESEARCH D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation 

Projects researching potential pilots for implementation of Heritage Protection systems, and 

delivering case studies and exemplars. Does not include IT systems research, just concepts 

and processes. Examples might include: 

• Places of Worship pilots 

• Heritage Partnership Agreement pilots 

• Principles of Selection 

Critical to establishing effective and practical protection of our heritage 




50



3 A 

Research Programme G3: Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes 

and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector” 







Measuring the impact of Heritage Protection systems 


protection 



Projects researching the outcomes, effectiveness and impacts of new approaches to and 

systems for heritage protection 

Critical to establishing effective and practical protection of our heritage. 



2.2 b Specific-Applied Social Science 











Training Professionals involved in Heritage Protection 


protection 

EMPOWERMENT B1: Skilling the Sector: Ensuring professional training to build future capacity 

Training initiatives specifically designed to develop the capacity and skills to deliver agreed 

heritage protection reforms 

Required in order to provide clarity to those operating within and adhering to any new 

heritage protection regime as and when it is adopted and implemented 

Likely to cross-cut several other training sub-programmes, but specifically relates to Heritage 

Protection Reform 

a) b) 

a) The Taunton Deanery pilot project 

involves revising the current list descriptions 

to explain what makes churches like 

St Mary’s so special. The entries include an 

historical as well as architectural appraisal, 

an archaeological understanding of the site, 

an assessment of fixtures and fittings, and a 

consideration of setting © English Heritage 

b) If legislation or national guidance 

changes the way we look after our historic 

environment, it is essential to ensure that 

those charged with that responsibility are 

trained fully the needs of the new system 

or law Crown Copyright DCMS 

51










Sub-Programme Name Heritage Protection Training for Local Authorities 

Empowerment Programme B4: Professional Guidance and Standards: 

Setting the standards with professionals 

Heritage Protection Guidance for Professional practitioners 


protection 

EMPOWERMENT B4: Professional Guidance and Standards: Setting the standards with 

professionals 

Projects delivering guidance for practitioners involved in managing or delivering heritage 

protection. Separate from heritage protection guidance to communities and local 

government. Would include guidance for architects, consultants, archaeologists, and other 

conservation or heritage management specialists 

Required in order to provide clarity to those operating within and adhering to any new 

heritage protection regime as and when it is adopted and implemented 

Likely to cross-cut several other guidance sub-programmes, especially 31244.110 but specifically 

relates to those operating commercially or in a research capacity within any new regime 

Empowerment Programme D1: Widening Skills: Training government 

specialists 








protection 

EMPOWERMENT D1: Widening Skills: Training government specialists 

Training initiatives to enhance the skills and capacity for local authorities in respect of new 

heritage protection systems introduced nationally 

Required in order to provide clarity to those in local government responsible for delivery, 

monitoring and enforcement of any new protection regime as and when it is adopted and 

implemented 

Similar to 31221.110 but distinguished by its focus specifically on local authority capacitybuilding 

aims 

52



3 A 

Empowerment Programme D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping 

local authorities through guidance 








Heritage Protection Guidance for Local Authorities 


protection 

EMPOWERMENT D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping local authorities through 

guidance 

Projects delivering guidance for professionals involved in managing or delivering heritage 

protection 

Required in order to provide clarity to those in local government responsible for delivery, 

monitoring and enforcement of any new protection regime as and when it is adopted and 

implemented 

Similar to 31224.110 but refers specifically to projects developing guidance for local authorities 

to assist in implementation of new heritage protection regimes 

Guidance for local authorities and others 

affected by changes in heritage protection 

systems will be developed and made 

readily accessible © English Heritage 

53



3 A Activity Type 5: HERITAGE MANAGEMENT 

Specific heritage and conservation management projects 

will be deployed to provide best practice exemplars to 

land-owners, curators and practitioners in improving 

systems of protection, through for example model 

Heritage Management Programme B1: Developing Management 

Agreements: Partnership management of the historic environment 

Sub-Programme Name Developing Management Plans and Agreements for Historic Assets 



Activity Type and Programme HERITAGE MANAGEMENT B1: Developing Management Agreements: Partnership 

management of the historic environment 




The development of management 

management agreements and partnerships (B1). In 

the case of last resort English Heritage may directly 

fund the repair and consolidation of very vulnerable or 

damaged historic assets which are worth saving (C1). 


protection 

Projects exploring and establishing innovative and effective management agreements to 

promote sustainable conservation of specific historic assets or groups or assets. Management 

plans and agreements will be based on research audits of the nature of the asset(s) 

concerned but such research projects feature under Corporate Aim 1A. Examples might be: 

• Management plan for a single site or monument 

• Conservation plan for a group of sites 

• Management agreement for a landscape 

• Heritage Partnership Agreement 

Ensures heritage issues are built into wider change-management considerations, take account 

of conservation principles and heritage legislation but are efficient and reduce management 

burden for given areas 

Management plans and agreements will be based on research audits of the nature of the 

asset(s) concerned but such research projects will typically feature under Corporate Aim 1A. 

Pilots demonstrating how such agreements are intended to be framed will be developed 

under 31143.110 

agreements on special sites with 

competing requirements such as here at 

Thornborough, N Yorks, help to promote 

sensitive and inclusive solutions to 

complex conservation issues © David 

MacLeod, English Heritage 

54



3 A 

Heritage Management Programme C1: Saving our Past: Direct support 

for maintenance or repair of key sites, monuments and landscapes 








Supporting Preservation, Repair and Maintenance of Historic Assets 


protection 

HERITAGE MANAGEMENT C1: Saving our Past: Direct support for maintenance or repair of 

key sites, monuments and landscapes 

Projects providing direct financial and expert support to repair, maintain or otherwise 

preserve the structure and stability of a historic asset. Examples of might include: 

• Repair grant for a registered historic building 

• Repair grant for a registered ancient monument 

• Stabilisation funding for a registered wreck site 

Please note that EH Research and Standards grants to cover such work are limited to ALSF 

funds and the Maritime Archaeology budget. All other repair grants should be directed to 

appropriate teams within EH Planning and Development Group, and are not currently 

subject to the SHAPE structure 

Provides funding of last resort to save and protect key historic assets from deterioration or 

complete loss 

The Sinah Common Gun emplacement, 

Hayling Island, Hampshire. Now repaired 

(through ALSF), this threatened, nationally 

important site provides a welcome 

amenity, including disabled fishing access, 

for local people © NMR, English Heritage 

55

3 B 



Corporate Objective 3B: Ensure that the condition 

of the most significant parts of the historic 

environment is recorded and monitored to enable 

their better protection 


A very considerable element of our research activity 

is aimed at identifying historic assets which are 

vulnerable or under immediate threat (Programme A1), 

monitoring their condition (D1), establishing the causes 

of the risk to them, and developing responses (D2) 

– including, where necessary, providing funding of last 

resort to record sites and structures that cannot be 

preserved (D4). 

a) 

b) 

a) Projects undertaken as part of the 

National Mapping Programme have now 

been completed for 37% of England, 

covering an area of more than 50,000 sq km 


b) Roman mosaics damaged by ploughing 

at Dinnington, Somerset. Monitoring the 

state of our historic environment is crucial 

to intelligent forward planning © Somerset 

County Council 

56



3 B 









National Mapping Programme: recording and mapping archaeological 

landscapes using aerial photographs 


recorded and monitored to enable their better protection 

RESEARCH A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment 

National programme of projects systematically recording components of the historic 

environment from aerial photographs to provide a national coverage. Projects are typically 

developed in areas subjected to large-scale impacts such as mineral aggregates extraction, 

major developmental pressures, or major environmental impacts. See http://www.englishheritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1186 

Comprises our only effective audit of hidden and buried historic assets. Provides essential 

data for management and research through Historic Environment Records. Establishes 

benchmark for buried sites on agricultural land 



2.2 b Specific-Applied Humanities 

Allied to 11111.110, but the slant of National Mapping Programme is to permit assessment of 

condition over time not just to locate new sites 

Research Programme D1: Heritage at Risk: Quantifying and analysing the 

condition of the historic environment 







Heritage at Risk: Monitoring surveys 



RESEARCH D1: Heritage at risk: Quantifying and analysing the condition of the historic 

environment 

Projects researching condition of elements and components of the historic environment, 

against established indicators of condition or prior baseline surveys. Examples might include: 

• Scheduled Monuments at Risk 

• Designed Landscapes at Risk 

• Vulnerable Places of Worship 

• Historic Gardens at Risk 

• Coastal monitoring projects 

• Buildings at Risk 

• Protected Wrecks at Risk 

• Monitoring/condition assessments of specific monuments 

Research provides clear, measurable and above all comparable data on relative changes in the 

condition of our historic environment 




57



3 B Sub-Programme Name Heritage at Risk: Identifying threats arising directly from Climate Change and 

Research Programme D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk 

and devising responses 






developing responses 




Projects researching threat to historic environment from climatic change, and developing 

responses. This sub-programme covers identification and responses to those threats which 

are of definite or likely results of climate change, so include examples such as: 

• Direct threats (eg wind, wave, heat etc) 

• Indirect but immediate threats (eg ecological change: faunal/floral/fungal invasions) 

• Responses and opportunities, for example beneficial modifications to historic building stock; 

sustainable development of new energy sources 

Essential research to quantify, characterise and respond appropriately to threats and impacts 

on historic environment of rapid climate change 


Similar Sub-Programmes See also RCZAS 41112.110 








Heritage at Risk: Identifying threats (other than Climate Change) and 

developing responses 




Projects researching origins of threat to historic environment not directly associated with 

major climatic change, and developing responses. This sub-programme includes those threats 

which are of immediate anthropogenic or faunal origin, so include examples such as: 

• Development and change of use impact 

• Land management practices (eg agriculture, de-watering) 

• Pollution 

• Criminal damage 

• Neglect 

Essential research to quantify, characterise and respond appropriately to threats and impacts 

on historic environment 



2.2 (may also b Specific-Applied Social Sciences 

include 2.3, 3.6, 

3.10, 6.0, 7.3) 

See also 32142.110; elements of 14142.110 (innovative conservation research) will also relate 

58



3 B 

a) Balancing the vital need to manage 

climate change with preserving and 

managing our historic assets and their 

setting, such as this monolith at St Breock 

Down, Cornwall, requires informed 

judgement © English Heritage 

b) Since the 19th century, quarrying for 

aggregates at Breedon on the Hill, 

Leicestershire has partly removed a now 

scheduled Iron Age hillfort, and has had 

a significant impact on the setting of the 

Grade I listed church on the hilltop 


a) 

b) 

59



Research Programme D4: Rescue! Threat-led last resort analysis 


Heritage at Risk: Recording historic sites, buildings and monuments under 

imminent threat outside the planning process 



RESEARCH D4: Rescue! Threat-led last resort analysis 

Projects supporting the emergency recording of elements of the historic environment which 

are under immediate threat of destruction as a result of accidental, unforeseen or 

unavoidable circumstance, and which cannot otherwise be preserved. Sometimes referred to 

as ‘preservation by record’. 

• Recorded evidence must be of at least regional and more likely national importance, and 

best practice in identifying, mitigating and seeking alternative resolution must be demonstrable 

Funding of last resort to produce a lasting record of historic assets that cannot be preserved 

in situ 









Appalling damage caused by illegal metaldetecting 

and theft on the Romano-Celtic 

temple site at Wanborough; the damage 

was so intense that a decision was taken 

to excavate the remaining archaeology to 

safeguard the finds © Surrey Archaeological 

Society 

60



3 B 







Heritage at Risk: Recording unknown and nationally historic sites, buildings and 

monuments under imminent threat revealed as part of the planning process 



RESEARCH D4: Rescue! Threat-led last resort analysis 

Projects supporting the emergency recording of nationally important elements of the historic 

environment which are revealed as part of the proper execution of the planning process, 

which could not have been anticipated and which cannot otherwise be preserved. 

Sometimes referred to as ‘preservation by record’. 

• Recorded evidence must be of national importance, and best practice in identifying, 

mitigating and seeking alternative resolution must be demonstrable. In particular, evidence 

that all appropriate attempts at desk-based, remote sensing or evaluation assessment have 

been taken is essential 

Funding of last resort to produce a lasting record of undetected historic assets discovered as 

part of planning conditioned development which cannot be preserved in situ 




The celebrated Anglo-Saxon royal burial 

revealed on a site evaluated under a 

planning condition in Prittlewell, Essex: noone 

foresaw this extraordinary discovery 

and a key role of English Heritage is to 

provide funding of last resort for such 

national treasures. © MoLAS 

61



Corporate Objective 3C: Provide better and more 

accessible advice to help people appreciate the benefits 

of maintaining and caring for historic places 


Conservation research into the behaviour of structural 

materials from which our historic buildings and ancient 

monuments are made provides the basis for advice in 

maintaining them in good repair for future generations. 

3 C Sub-Programme Name Technical Conservation Research 



Activity Type and Programme RESEARCH D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation 




Moisture is a significant catalyst to 

Research Programme D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation 

3C: Provide better and more accessible advice to help people appreciate the benefits of 

maintaining and caring for historic places 

Technical research into the behaviour of materials and components of the historic 

environment with a view to developing ways of offsetting decay, failure or other kinds of 

threat so as to provide the basis for guidance 

Specific research to ensure that English Heritage is at the forefront of improvements in 

conservation science translated into everyday action 


2.2 C Specific-Applied Technological 

Very closely allied with 14142.110, innovative structural and materials research, but related 

specifically to developing guidance to assist owners maintain their assets 

deterioration of stone, but to conserve 

ancient buildings we need to understand 

exactly how. An electromagnetic probe 

monitors changes in the moisture content 

of the stone at increments through the 

chapter house wall at Howden Minster, 

East Yorkshire © English Heritage 

62



3 C 


Straightforward conservation guidance for people who 

own historic assets is vital. Programme A5 relates to 

projects developing specific key guidance documents on 

caring for and understanding their assets and thus ensuring 

they are maintained for future generations to enjoy. 

Empowerment Programme A5: Guidance and Standards for 

communities: Guidance to help people engage with and look after their 

own historic environment 








Conservation Guidance for Landowners 

3C: Provide better and more accessible advice to help people appreciate the benefits of 

maintaining and caring for historic places 

EMPOWERMENT A5: Guidance and Standards for communities: Guidance to help people 

engage with and look after their own historic environment 

Projects delivering guidance to landowners and those responsible for managing historic 

environment assets and sites. Examples might include: 

• Technical advice on conservation of properties 

• Disaster Management Guidance (eg moorland or forest fires) 

• Climate Change website 

• Technical papers related to change management 

Essential support for those who actually own assets to help them make the most of their 

historic assets in the most effective way 

Similar to local authority guidance (31244.110) but with specific focus on asset owners. Allied 

with training for asset owners (23231.110) 

From detailed research comes sensible and 

appropriate guidance for asset-owners, 

such as this on flooding and historic 

buildings © English Heritage 

63



Corporate Objective 4A: Help local authority members 

and officers develop the skills, knowledge, advice and 

capacity to make the most of their historic environment 


Our research projects in support of this objective are 

exploring three key areas. At a high level, we support 

local authorities in establishing shared priorities for 

action (B3). We also assist in researching better 

ways of managing historic environment information 

– in particular through digital and on-line resource 

development (F1). In a more specific manner, we are 

supporting local authorities in a national programme of 

coastal surveys designed to identify key historic assets 

and landscapes which must be taken into account in 

the development of integrated management strategies 

for coastlines (A2). 










Sub-Programme Name Rapid Coastal Zone Assessments: The historic environment in Shoreline 

Research Programme A2: Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly understood 

landscapes, areas and monuments 

Aggregates Landscapes Resource Assessments: The historic environment in 

Local Mineral Plans 

4A: Help local authority members and officers develop the skills, knowledge, advice and 



Specific projects developing combined landscape datasets for inclusion within considerations 

required by Minerals Policy Statement 1 (MPS1). 

Critical requirement to build up evidence-base for aggregates extraction landscapes to feed 

in to minerals planning. 

Distinct from more general surveys into historic environment landscapes (see 11111.150) in 

that the projects will be precisely tailored to mesh with Regional, Mineral and local planning 

datasets 

Management Plans 









Specific projects developing coastal and intertidal datasets for inclusion within local authority 

Shoreline Management Plans. 

Critical requirement to build up evidence-base for littoral landscapes, structures, artefact or 

ecofact concentrations, and palaeoenvironmental resources to feed in to marine planning. 




Distinct from the seabed mapping and characterisation programmes as this specifically relates 

to audits to building into Shoreline Management Plans 

64



4 A 









Researching Local Authority priorities and requirements 



RESEARCH B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector intelligence” 

Sub-programme covering projects to research into needs and priorities of local authorities to 

aid delivery of effective historic environment services. Examples might include: 

• Coverage and shortages of conservation officers 

• Requirements for Historic Environment Record support 

• Training needs 

• Priorities for research-based activities 

Research to develop evidence base for areas where EH strategic capacity-building assistance 

is appropriate and will do the most long-term good 




Links to 21123.110, general sector behaviour research, but distinct through aim to develop 

strategy for assistance either through funding or partnership and advocacy 

Research Programme F1: Navigating the resource: Developing standards 

for Historic Environment Records 







Systems research for Historic Environment Records 



RESEARCH F1: Navigating the resource: Developing standards for Historic Environment 

Records 

Projects developing innovation to Local Authority HERs to ensure more accurate and useful 

data, and wider scope of input. Examples may include: 

• Developing appropriate historic building content for HERs 

• Exemplars of enhanced content (eg for prehistoric/palaeoenvironmental sites) 

• Development of HER interoperability toolkits to link disparate software platforms 

• Developing a Marine HER to inform off-shore development and planning for appropriate 

authorities 

Essential strategic support to encourage and promote suitable national standards for Historic 

Environment Records and to ensure that Historic Environment issues are key components of 

informed planning strategies 




Links with 14162.110 but specifically concerns development of HERs 

65









Evolving Historic Environment Records are 


Empowerment projects supporting local government 

(apart from those relating specifically to heritage 

protection – see objective 3A above) are focused into 

three programmes: training projects for local authority 


Local authority training programme 

officers (D1), guidance publication (D4) and, in 

exceptional circumstances, direct financial support for 

specific posts (D3). 


specialists 




Training courses for local authority officers, including Heritage Champions, elected members, 

development control officers and Conservation officers. Also includes training projects for 

EH staff in assisting local authorities develop capacity. Includes Regional Science Advisors 

Archaeological Science training days. Does not include specific training programmes related 

to Heritage Protection legislation and implementation 

Encourages and promotes standard approaches to national initiatives, and helps local 

authority partners expand capacity to deliver their responsibilities. Supports key role of 

Heritage Champions, influencing daily democratic processes of local government so that HE 

receives a fair consideration in strategic planning and management matters 

Similar to 31241.110 but covers any training not directly associated with Heritage Protection 

providing powerful local authority planning 

tools as well as excellent research and 

educational resources © Ordnance Survey/ 


Projects delivering consistent national 

guidance assist local authorities in developing 

sensitive policies and implementing them 


66



4 A 

Empowerment Programme D3: Expanding Capacity: Funding Local 

Authority advice and planning posts 








Developing Local Authority capacity 



D3: Expanding Capacity: Funding Local Authority advice and planning posts 

Supporting critical capacity shortages in Local Authorities through planning and advisory 

posts on taper-funded basis to ensure ultimate build-in to local authority historic environment 

capacity. Has included: 

• HER officer posts 

• Development control archaeologist posts, 

• Countryside Advisors, 

Will also include encouragement and support of Historic Environment Champions, and 

support for Local Government Improvement Programme. Resource is severely restricted and 

cases must be robustly made 

Capacity-building to ensure that in areas of genuine need and resource limitation, appropriate 

capability and capacity exists to develop strategic responses to the needs of the historic 

environment 

(See also English Heritage National Capacity-Building Programme, administered by Planning 

and Development Group) 










Technical and advisory Guidance for Local Authorities 



D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping local authorities through guidance 

Projects delivering guidance to those responsible for ensuring care and maintenance of 

historic places, particularly local government curatorial staff. Examples include: 

• Historic Environment Local Management website 

• Urban policy guidance eg Streets for All 

• Conservation area guidance 

• Technical and advisory papers to inform investigation and conservation measures 

• Guidance on developing robust Historic Environment Records 

Provides essential guidance to local authorities to aid in management of historic environment 

See also 31244.110, concerning specific guidance on Heritage Protection 

From detailed research comes sensible and 

appropriate guidance for asset-owners, such 

as this on flooding and historic buildings 


67



4 B Activity Type 2: EMPOWERMENT 

Empowerment Programmes meeting this objective 

focus on guidance specifically in managing sustainable 

change. Project will provide guidance for practitioners 

on assessing the impact of proposed change (B4); 





Corporate Objective 4B: Develop and disseminate policies, principles, guidelines, standards and exemplars to 

promote better management of change in the historic environment 

Activity Type and Programme EMPOWERMENT B4: Professional Guidance and Standards: Setting the standards with 

professionals 

Sub-Programme Description Projects delivering guidance on the recording and interpreting of historic environment 

components undergoing change. Examples might include: 

• Guidance on approaches to field investigation (eg evaluation) 

• Guidance on preparing impact assessments 

• Guidance on modification to historic structures 



Guidance such as the good practice guide 

Corporate Objective 4B: Develop and disseminate 

policies, principles, guidelines, standards and 

exemplars to promote better management of change 

in the historic environment 

guidance to significant owners on managing change of 

use of particular forms of historic building (C2), and 

guidance of the use and value of characterisation at 

landscape scales to inform high-level change planning (D4). 

Guidance for practitioners in managing change in the historic environment 

Essential sector support for techniques and approaches in assisting with change management 

in the HE. Not technical guides to specific recording or analytical techniques 

Likely to cross-cut several other guidance sub-programmes, especially 31224.110 (Heritage 

Protection guidance for practitioners); 43221.110 (technical guidelines for practitioners) 

on Conversion of Traditional Farm Buildings, 

ensures that owners are empowered 

to make informed decisions. © English 


68



4 B 

Empowerment Programme C2: Guiding owners of historic places: 

Guidance on changes of use to historic places and structures 








Guidance on changing use of historic places 

4B: Develop and disseminate policies, principles, guidelines, standards and exemplars to 


EMPOWERMENT C2: Guiding owners of historic places: Guidance on changes of use to 

historic places and structures 

Projects developing guidance aimed at owners considering changing use and thus structure of 

historic places, especially structures. Examples might include: 

• Places of Worship (eg redundant churches) 

• Sports and leisure complexes (eg stadia, cinemas and theatres) 

• Industrial complexes (eg textile mills) 

• Designated historic structures 

Provides the steer for landowners and asset owners to weigh up the cost-benefits of 

particular choices when managing change and ensures historic environment is a key factor in 

the decision process: supports sustainable change, and promotes owner responsibility for asset 

See general guidance to landowners (33215.110); this sub-programme is specifically about 

use change rather than general care 










Promoting Characterisation in Strategic Planning 

4B: Develop and disseminate policies, principles, guidelines, standards and exemplars to 


EMPOWERMENT D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping local authorities through 

guidance 

Projects specifically aimed at providing local authority guidance and exemplars of the 

capabilities of HLC and related characterisation initiatives to assist in the strategic 

management of change to the historic environment (http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ 

server/show/nav.11376) 

Provides practical guidance and exemplars to authorities to help sustainable change to the 

historic environment. Ensures historic environment is part of top-level regional planning 

strategies 

Links to HLC projects (11111.210-11111.240), but this covers guidance and standards for 

implementation and use 

69



4 


The limited research we undertake against this objective 

is aimed at gathering intelligence about where support is 



Sub-Programme Name Researching historic environment sector support requirements 


Corporate Objective 4C: Provide support and guidance to other organisations engaged in the care, study and 

promotion of the historic environment 

Activity Type and Programme RESEARCH B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector intelligence” 

Sub-Programme Description Gathering intelligence on what kinds of support sister historic environment organisations 

require to make them more effective. This sub-programme is about the requirements 

specifically of non-governmental organisations. Examples might include: 

• Understanding sector support needs in marine archaeology 

• Understanding of skills shortages in conservation 

• Researching shortages in historic materials markets (eg Strategic Stone Study) 

• Researching voluntary requirements 





C English Heritage supports archiving of major 

Corporate Objective 4C: Provide support and guidance 

to other organisations engaged in the care, study 

and promotion of the historic environment 

truly needed for the sector, whether it is in terms of 

guidance, training or capacity-building of a more direct kind. 

Ensures our efforts in engaging in support are well informed and focused on priority areas; 

ensures timely availability of appropriate strategic data on socio-economic requirements of 


Links to 21123.110, general sector behaviour research, but distinct through aim to develop 

evidence base for non-governmental organisations 

bodies of volunteer or independent work 

(such as the late John Wymer’s personal 

note books on his life-long Palaeolithic 

research) © Francis Wenban-Smith, 

University of Southampton 

70



4 C 


Project-based work against this objective is considerable 

and will cover capacity-building in all areas of the sector 

(though local government is mainly covered under 

objective 4A). Programmes A3 and A5 provide support 

and guidance to non-expert community groups, such 

as volunteer groups and key industries who impact 

on or who have a corporate interest in the historic 

environment; Programmes B1-B4 cover the whole 

range of expert training and guidance for practitioners 

and technical experts undertaking work in the sector; 

Programme C1 covers training for non-expert assetowners; 

and Programmes D1 and D2 provide training 

and support for government and for elected Heritage 

Champions. 

Empowerment Programme A3: Community support: Empowering 

community heritage efforts through direct support 








Supporting Community Archives 

4C: Provide support and guidance to other organisations engaged in the care, study and 


EMPOWERMENT A3: Community support: Empowering community heritage efforts through 

direct support 

Projects supporting the consolidation, reintegration of, or researching suitable storage 

solutions for, physical archives. Examples might include: 

• Assisting transfer of private archives to public domain 

• Establishing support for regional or national specialist archive centres 

• Supporting consolidation of disparate archives 

• Enhancing priority archives for research and public access 

Capacity to deal with archives that might otherwise be lost/dispersed or sold privately, needs 

to be maintained, as should strategic capability to support major funding initiatives in 

developing archival access solutions; encourages multiple funding solutions to currently in 

accessible archives 

Guidance is important for non-experts 

who will often make finds during their 

work, such as the ALSF-funded protocol 

on recovery and reporting of finds (like 

this mammoth tusk) from marine dredging 


71



4 C Sub-Programme Name Guidance for volunteer and community groups 








We need expertise in many specialised 

Empowerment Programme A5: Guidance and Standards for 

communities: Guidance to help people engage with and look after their 

own historic environment 



Projects providing specifically tailored guidance to volunteers, community groups, local 

societies and local museums on aspects of investigating, recording, documenting and conserving 

aspects of the historic environment, to encourage best practice and provide confidence 

Excellent means of developing community interest, aspiration to engage with and therefore 

care for, local historic environment 








Guidance for industry 





Projects providing specifically tailored guidance to industry and commercial interests which 

have an impact on our historic environment. Examples might include: 

• Good practice guidance for minerals and extractive industries 

• Protocols for reporting finds in marine dredging 

Excellent means of developing commercial interest in building appreciation, and developing 

practical solutions reflecting the needs of our heritage within the economic requirements of 

UK plc 

fields to ensure we can protect our past for 

the future. Here participants on the Centre 

for Sustainable Heritage (UCL)/English 

Heritage Conservation Housekeeping course 

learning how to care for historic carpets 


72



4 C 










Training expert practitioners 




Projects delivering professional training and knowledge transfer to increase expert capacity 

across the professional sector. Separate from training schemes for local communities and local 

government. 

Does not include external or internal workplace bursaries, EPPICs, CASE studentships and 

the like (separate Sub-Programmes), but will include: 

• Training seminars 

• Training programmes and courses 

Vital to ensure continuity of capacity in key areas of the historic environment 

Likely to cross-cut several other training sub-programmes; does not represent training 

support for local authorities; does not cover Heritage Protection training 








External bursary and work placement schemes 




Projects delivering specific craft or professional skills though long-term validated workplacement 

schemes (similar to EPPICs but without formal EH knowledge transfer or direct 

quality assurance) 


See also 13221.110, EPPIC scheme 

Practical skills are best taught through 

intensive placements. The Traditional 

Building Skills Bursary Scheme includes, for 

example, a six-month thatching placement 

commercial thatchers to develop traditional 

thatching techniques © The Traditional 

Building Skills Bursary Scheme 

73



Empowerment Programme B2: Professional education support: Ensuring 

our expertise and support reaches into Higher Education realm 








Scholarship and course support for academic institutions 



EMPOWERMENT B2: Professional education support: Ensuring our expertise and support 

reaches into Higher Education realm 

Projects partnering higher educational institutions in developing courses associated with 

priority aspects of the historic environment, in partnering scholarships, or similar. Examples 

might be: 

• Development of expert university courses for key shortage areas 

• Scholarship subsidies for key expert shortage area courses 


Distinguished from 13222.110 by lack of specific EH staff involvement in appraisal and oversight 

4 C Sub-Programme Name Strategic sectoral support 







English Heritage is developing and 

Empowerment Programme B3: Supporting Professional Capacity: 

Support for key strategic professional posts in the historic environment 



EMPOWERMENT B3: Supporting Professional Capacity: Support for key strategic 

professional posts in the historic environment 

Projects shoring up delivery, determined usually where EH has a major investment requiring 

key skills set (eg publication), or where key skills need to be implanted into sector in response 

to needs assessment. Low capacity to fund such posts. Examples include: 

• Editorial support for monograph series with major EH component 

• Managerial support for access development (eg British Irish Archaeological Bibliography; 

CBA information officer post;ALSF delivery through ADS) 

To ensure EH and wider public gain access to major programme outcomes. To ensure that 

previous investment outcomes are fully realised 

Analogous to local authority posts (see 41243.110) but high regional/national remit 

supporting an ever-increasing range 

of professional guidance for the study 

of the historic environment, such as 

Dendrochronology: Guidelines on Producing 

and Interpreting Dendrochronological Dates 


74



4 C 










Guidance for professional study of the historic environment 




professionals 

Projects delivering guidance on recording techniques, analysis techniques etc. Separate from 

guidance on Heritage Protection for professionals, and from change management guidance 

for professionals. More about the key techniques employed in care and study of the HE. 

Examples include: 

• Buildings (eg http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Understanding_Historic_ 

buildings_1.pdf) 

• Archaeological science (eg http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/archaeological_ 

science_at_ppg16.pdf) 

• Scientific dating (http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Dendrochronology.pdf) 

Essential to ensure consistent good standards of work and comparable results across the 

sector, and to ensure that improvements in techniques are communicated rapidly and evenly 

Similar to 42224.110, but focusing specifically on the study and analysis of the historic 

environment 








Quality assurance of agreed standards and benchmarks for historic 

environment resources and services 




professionals 

Projects undertaking key reviews of conformance with agreed national and international 

standards implemented both within English Heritage and beyond. Examples might include: 

• Adherence to scientific standards within commercial laboratories (eg radiocarbon 

laboratories) 

• Conformance by HERs with MIDAS Heritage UK historic environment data standard 

• Auditing of HERs as part of the NMR’s HER audit programme 

Essential to ensure consistent good standards of work and comparable results across the 

sector, to ensure that improvements in techniques are communicated rapidly and evenly, and 

to encourage partnership working 

75



4 C Sub-Programme Name Training for major private asset owners 




Activity Type and Programme EMPOWERMENT C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those with a stake in the historic 

environment the capacity to care for it 


Reason for EH Support Helping to develop upstream capacity of those with very considerable historic assets in 

ownership through training about impacts, potentials and opportunities of the historic 

environment in their care 

Similar Sub-Programmes Separate from public bodies covered under 23231.110 

Supporting Heritage Champions. English 

Empowerment Programme C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those 

with a stake in the historic environment the capacity to care for it 

Projects delivering direct training to representatives of major non-governmental holders of 

historic assets/monuments/buildings/landscapes etc. Examples might include: 

• Church of England 

• National Trust 

• Woodland Trust 

• Crown Estates 


specialists 







Training for national government staff 




Projects delivering training directly to national government staff in impacts, potentials and 

opportunities arising from change in the historic environment. Examples include: 

• Training for farm advisors 

Providing key support to government colleagues in dealing with historic environment issues 

Similar Sub-Programmes Separate from training for local authority staff (41241.110) 

Heritage’s Nigel Barker with Cllr Jane Chitty 

and Cllr Matthew Balfour at a Leadership 

for Design Event for local authority design 

champions organised by CABE on 12 

December 2006 © Kent Architecture Centre 

76



4 C 

Empowerment Programme D2: Providing the Background: Capacitybuilding 

for heritage champions 








Supporting Heritage Champions 



EMPOWERMENT D2: Providing the Background: Capacity-building for Heritage Champions 

Projects providing support to widening number of elected Heritage Champions in local 

authorities, representing community interests and values in historic environment 

Providing key introductions and support to elected members in issues relating to historic 

environment issues 

Activity Type 3: COMMUNICATION 

Alongside empowerment and capacity-building, we 

provide support to external partnerships with specific 

remits to care for the historic environment, and 

particularly to those which develop clear action plans 

aimed at improving the quality of that care and at 

fostering better integration between the cultural and 

natural landscapes. 

Communication Programme D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, 

forums, and councils working to solve historic environment challenges 








Network Partnerships in the Historic Environment 



COMMUNICATION D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, forums, and councils 

working to solve historic environment challenges 

Projects supporting partnerships led by external organisations engaged in study, care and 

promotion of the historic environment. Examples will include: 

• ALGAO action plan support 

• CAN DO partnership 

• RSPB/Natural England Wetland 50 Year Vision partnership 

• National Ice Age Network 

Encourages formal partnerships leading to extended range of investment input, leverages in 

additional funding, establishes common ground for advocacy 

Closely related to Historic Environment Partnerships (23344.110), but the emphasis here is 

on supporting others to build partnerships 

77

4 E AggregAtes Levy sustAinAbiLity Fund 

4 D 



Corporate Objective 4E: Ensure that our grants to 

third parties are used in the most effective way to 

regenerate, protect and enhance the historic 

environment 


Review of the effectiveness of our grants schemes 

is essential if they are to maintain currency in the 







Measuring the Impact of our Grants to Third Parties 

4E: Ensure that our grants to third parties are used in the most effective way to regenerate, 

protect and enhance the historic environment 



Projects undertaking critical reviews of effectiveness and outcomes of English Heritage grant-aid 

Vital element of corporate governance and reporting to sponsors. Accords directly with 

ROAMEF principles of project-based investment 




See also 11173.110, measuring impact of research outcomes 

context of rapid and on-going change. This Programme 

establishes formal review projects doing exactly that. 

Research Programme G3 – Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring 

outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector” 

EXTRACT 

the alSF annual report 

Analysis and regular reporting of the value 

of our grants and their impact is essential if 

we are to remain responsive to the needs 

of government and the public © English 


Round 2, the final year… 

illustrations from projects which took place during 2006-07: (Main picture) A beautiful end to a remote Operated 

vehicle (rOv) survey of the torpedoed WWi u-boat uC65, undertaken as part of the Modelling exclusion Zones 

project (bottom, left to right); buzz busby, ALsF Advisor, points out a sunken lane to students participating in ‘earthly 

stories’; Members of the northumberland Anglo-saxon re-enactors group outside the newly reconstructed dark 

Age house based on a site excavated at nearby Cheviot Quarry; volunteers from the unlocking the Past project 

processing finds during a 24 hour sponsored Potathon for Children in need. 

© saltash.net community school 

© university of southampton 

© Archaeological research services Ltd 

© Worcestershire County Council Historic environment and 

Archaeology service and Almonry Museum, evesham 

annual report 

2006-2007 

78

a) 

a) Support for local societies and voluntary groups 

can be offered where the work aligns with English 

Heritage’s national priorities. Here, the lost finds 

from an important Mesolithic excavation in the 

1960s was rediscovered buried in a garden, and 

through ALSF, the society was able to recover and 

finally complete analysis of the site 

© Isabel Ellis, Surrey Archaeological Society 

b) The judging panel discuss the joint-winner of the 

Award for Presentation of Heritage Research 2007: 

Dr Dominic Powlesland and his survey work in the 

Vale of Pickering © Paul Cripps 

b) 

c) 

d) 

c) The cover of a popular book explaining the 

remarkable transformation of a landscape in West 

Essex from its Ice Age origins to the landscape of 

today © MoLAS 

d) View of the proposed display for the Holmenext-the-Sea 

timber circle. English Heritage 

supported the excavation and conservation of the 

timbers, about half of which will go on museum 

display © Uglystudios.com



5 A Sub-Programme Name Community Involvement and Awareness Projects 

Corporate Objective 5A: Increase public awareness of 



Communication projects fall within six principal 

Programmes. These include getting people directly 

involved and celebrating their own personal 

achievements (A1, A2), developing popular on-line 

resources to reach audiences unable to physically 

participate (B1), and providing different formats of 

popular dissemination of information such as books 

and guides, television and radio features and supporting 

exhibitions of materials recovered using our funding 

(C1-C3). 

Communication Programme A1: Getting People Involved: Community 

participation projects in the historic environment 







5A: Increase public awareness of the historic environment 

COMMUNICATION A1: Getting People Involved: Community participation projects in the 


Projects raising community awareness of historic environment through direct communication, 

engagement and participation. Examples might include: 

• Volunteer involvement in surveys 

• Community-led research programmes 

• Guided site or landscape visits. 

Builds direct support and engages enthusiasm from which multiple benefits flow. Encourages 

knowledge transfer through enjoyment 

Separate from 52311.110 where emphasis is on particularly disadvantaged groups 

Communication Programme A2: Celebrating community achievements: 

Awards and incentives for involvement 




Work Type and Programme 




Supporting Community Awards in the historic environment 


COMMUNICATION A2: Celebrating community achievements: Awards and incentives for 

involvement 

Projects delivering appropriate award programmes to celebrate and incentivise communities 

to engage in the historic environment. Examples might include: 

• British Archaeological Awards 

• Heritage Research Awards 

Excellent way to promote community involvement, celebrate a range of successful outcomes 

and gain press coverage for the historic environment 

80



5 A 

Communication Programme B1: Developing public resources: Opening 

access to on-line resources 








Community Resources On-line 


COMMUNICATION B1: Developing public resources: Opening access to on-line resources 

Projects delivering accessible and popular resources on-line to the public. This does nor 

include web dissemination of individual project outputs. It covers browseable, searchable 

resources containing a significant quantity material in library/ museum/ catalogue format. 


• Images of England 

• British History On-line (eg Survey of London) 

• Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture 

• Corpus Vitrearum 

Provides awareness-raising and access to a different audience from direct participants and 

encourages (re-)use of resource in community-based projects or outputs (rather than being 

dissemination in its own right) 

Links to EH-generated on-line resources (13321.110) but external creations 

Communication Programme C1: Accessible publications: exciting and 

enticing books 








Popular and Accessible Publications 


COMMUNICATION C1: Accessible publications: exciting and enticing books 

Projects specifically aimed at presenting the excitement of discoveries and research to a 

wider public. These might be digital or hard copy, but will have communication andaccessibility 

as their drivers, rather than the dissemination of detailed research, policy or guidance. 

Examples might be: 

• Popular books (eg Windsor Revealed, Religion in London etc) 

• Local leaflets on historic towns (eg Richmond/Swale, Berwick etc) 

• Guidebooks to non-EH locales (eg ALSF guides) 

Important dimension to reaching communities and developing support 

Linked to Informed Conservation series (see 12212.210). (NB: Popular publications may also 

form part of projects under other, research-driven, sub-programmes). See also 53331.110 

(EH Guidebooks) 

81



5 A Sub-Programme Name Media projects 

Communication Programme C2: Media projects: Harnessing public media 








COMMUNICATION C2: Media projects: Harnessing public media 

Specific projects aimed at harnessing the power of public media for a key aspect of 

the historic environment. Predominantly likely to be projects emerging from current initiatives 

rather than brand new commissions due to high costs. Examples could include: 

• Television 

• Radio 

• Film 

• Internet productions, podcasts etc 

• Newspapers and magazines 

High-profile outreach hitting potentially millions of people. Targeted to raise key issues or 

encourage wider understanding 

Communication Programme C3: On show: Support for nationally 

important displays of historic artefacts/ sites/ buildings 








Supporting public exhibitions or trails 


COMMUNICATION C3: On show: Support for nationally important displays of historic 

artefacts, sites or buildings 

Projects delivering key public access through practical support of exhibitions (not on our 

own sites), through specific conservation of objects for such exhibitions, or through 

presentation of specific sites through signage. Direct funding for exhibitions is not provided. 


• Signage at sites (eg Salmonsbury ALSF) 

• Marine Dive trails (eg Fort Victoria) 

• Exhibition conservation (eg Holme-next-the-Sea timber circle) 

Good show-casing potential both for artefacts recovered, or monuments repaired, through 

EH sponsored work, and for expertise involved in stabilising, cleaning, consolidating and 

interpreting such objects/locales 

82



5 A 

a) 

b) 

a) The Time Team Special Britain’s 

Drowned World used English Heritage 

funded projects to explore the prehistoric 

landscape beneath the North Sea, 

attracting millions of viewers © Time Team 

Special: Britain’s Drowned World 

b) Learning conservation and horticultural 

skills in the Victorian walled garden at 

Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire. The English 

Heritage Outreach Department is working 

in partnership with Luton Borough Council 

and BTCV to provide traditional craft skills 

training for young people excluded from 

mainstream education © English Heritage 

83



Corporate Objective 5B: Broaden access to the historic 

environment and engage with diverse communities 







A diver explores the HMS Hazardous dive 


Social, economic and cultural barriers exist which dissuade 

or deny some from enjoying the benefits of our heritage. 


Researching barriers to inclusion 

This Sub-Programme seeks to understand the nature of 

those barriers, so that they can be removed. 

Research Programme C1: Opening doors: Understanding public 

participation in the historic environment 

5B: Broaden access to the historic environment and engage with diverse communities 

RESEARCH C1: Opening doors: Understanding public participation in the historic environment 

Projects researching why exclusion from, or lack of enjoyment of, historic environment is a 

factor for certain social groups, and projects to research how such excluded groups might be 

brought into contact with its benefits 

Develops evidence base for strategies to improve access for excluded people 



trail, a marked route explaining this famous 

and protected wreck in its marine setting 

© Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime 

Archaeology 

The Rt Hon Margaret Hodge MP, Minister 

for Culture and Prof Elizabeth Anionwu, 

CBE FRCN, Vice-Chair of the Mary Seacole 

Memorial Statue Appeal at the Mary 

Seacole blue plaque unveiling on 29th 

November 2007 in Soho Square, London 

© English Heritage, Credit: Press Association 

84



5 B 


Broadening access is tackled currently through a primary, 

general Programme (A1) aiming to stimulate and 

enthuse people who are genuinely disadvantaged 

whether physically, culturally or economically; while a 

further Programme (C3) recognises the promotion of 

access to England’s designated wrecks – by their very 

nature, inaccessible to most. 

Communication Programme A1: Getting People Involved: Community 

participation projects in the historic environment 








Access for All: Involving excluded groups through direct participation 


COMMUNICATION A1: Getting People Involved: Community participation projects in the 


Projects specifically aimed at addressing disadvantages and barriers to accessing the benefits 

of the historic environment because of race, disability, age, religion or belief in the historic 

environment. Examples might include: 

• Artefact handling days for visually impaired 

• Special out of school activities for disadvantaged children 

• Participation projects for ethnic or cultural minorities 

Develops understanding and confidence, promotes personal freedoms and encourages 

lifelong learning in new audiences. Promotes the value of the historic environment equally to 

all members of society; has potential to address government PSAs announced in October 

2007 (especially 11 and 15) 

Closely related to 12214.110, training and education; this sub-programme is all about enjoying 

the benefits of the historic environment. See also 51311.110 but here, emphasis is on 

particularly disadvantaged groups and implementation of solutions suggested by 52131.110 

Communication Programme C3: On show: Support for nationally 

important displays of historic artefacts/ sites/ buildings 








Presentation of Designated Wrecks 


COMMUNICATION C3: On show: Support for nationally important displays of historic 

artefacts/ sites/ buildings 

Projects bringing access to Designated Wreck sites to new audiences and visitor groups 

including the non-diving public and non-vocational leisure divers. Examples might include: 

• On-site interpretation and signage 

• On-shore installations and displays 

• Web-based visitor facilities 

Recognises the value of marine protection, releases the public benefit, and contributes to a 

coherent presentational strategy across terrestrial and marine environments 

Linked to 51332.110, but specifically about protected wreck sites 

85



5 


Specific research undertaken on the nature of our sites in 

order to enhance understanding is covered by Research 

Programme E1. Grant aid is very unusual for our own sites, 

Research Programme E1: Presenting the Past: Research to inform the 

presentation to the public of historic places 




Activity Type and Programme RESEARCH E1: Presenting the Past: Research to inform the presentation to the public of 

historic places 


Reason for EH Support Ensures that visitor experiences are informed by the very latest and most complete 

understanding of a huge diversity of sites, buildings and monuments 




C Aerial view of the Neolithic mound, 

Corporate Objective 5C: Stimulate access, interest 

and enjoyment through the sites and collections 

in our care 

but has occurred where analysis of past investigations has 

been needed to inform future development. 

Research for interpretation and presentation of EH properties and collections 

5C: Stimulate access, interest and enjoyment through the sites and collections in our care 

Projects researching the basic facts about our sites with a view to providing accessible, 

practical and useful information to develop top quality interpretative strategies; research into 

new approaches to delivery of that information 

Similar to 11111.130. This sub-programme is distinct in that the research is driven by the 

interpretation and display potential and planning 

Silbury, Avebury, recently the subject of a 

major research investigation as a result of 

subsidence of old excavation tunnels 

© Skyscan Balloon Photography. Source: 

English Heritage Photo Library 

86



APPENDIX 1: 

The English Heritage Corporate Strategy 2005-2010 

List of Current Corporate Aims and Objectives 

AIM 1: HELP PEOPLE DEVELOP THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 

1A: Ensure that our research addresses the most important and urgent needs of the historic environment 

1B: Enhance public understanding and appreciation of the historic environment and its conservation through 

education and training 

1C: Make sure our professional expertise and knowledge is more accessible to others who need it 

1D: Develop new approaches which improve understanding and management of the historic environment 

AIM 2: GET THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ON OTHER PEOPLE’S AGENDAS 


2B: Lead campaigns and national debates to influence policies which affect the historic environment 


2D: Identify and cultivate new public and private sector partnerships and sources of funding and support for the 


2E: Develop cross-Government recognition of the value of the historic environment 

AIM 3: ENABLE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE CHANGE TO ENGLAND’S HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 

3A: Promote better legislation, policies, guidance and good practice to improve the system of protection 

3B: Ensure that the condition of the most significant parts of the historic environment is recorded and monitored 

to enable their better protection 

3C: Provide better and more accessible advice to help people appreciate the benefits of maintaining and caring for 

historic places 

AIM 4: HELP LOCAL COMMUNITIES TO CARE FOR THEIR HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 

4A: Help local authority members and officers develop the skills, knowledge, advice and capacity to make the most 

of their historic environment 

4B: Develop and disseminate policies, principles, guidelines, standards and exemplars to promote better 

management of change in the historic environment 

4C: Provide support and guidance to other organisations engaged in the care, study and promotion of the historic 

environment 

4D: Use our role in the planning process to develop appreciation of the historic environment and its relevance to 

the sustainability, planning and design of new development 

4E: Ensure that our grants to third parties are used in the most effective way to regenerate, protect and enhance 


87



AIM 5: STIMULATE AND HARNESS ENTHUSIASM FOR ENGLAND’S HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 


5B: Broaden access to the historic environment and engagement with diverse communities 

5C: Stimulate access, interest and enjoyment through the sites and collections in our care 

AIM 6: MAKE THE MOST EFFECTIVE USE OF THE ASSETS IN OUR CARE 

6A: Use our financial resources efficiently and maximise the commercial benefits we gain from our assets 

6B: Invest in the development of our staff 

6C: Invest in the development of our operating systems 

6D: Maintain and conserve our properties, collections and archives to a standard consistent with their importance 

6E: Increase the income generated by our properties to meet the cost of opening them to the public 

6F: Develop the English Heritage brand as a symbol of authoritative advice, responsible custodianship, first class 

service and the leading source of knowledge and understanding of England’s historic environment 

6G: Implement the recommendations of the National Monuments Record Review, Unlocking Heritage Information 

6H: Ensure English Heritage is governed in accordance with best practice 

6I: Ensure that English Heritage is managed effectively and economically 

6J: Ensure government and non-strategic statutory requirements are met 

88



APPENDIX 2: 

Activity Types, Themes and Programmes 

1. RESEARCH THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

For a definition of English Heritage Research Themes and Programmes, please see our Research Agenda (http:// 

www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Research_Agenda.pdf). 

A: DISCOVERING, STUDYING AND DEFINING HISTORIC ASSETS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE 

A1: What’s Out There? Defining, characterising and analysing the historic environment 

A2: Spotting the gaps: Analysing poorly understood landscapes, areas and monuments 

A3: Unlocking the riches: Realising the potential of the research dividend 

B: STUDYING AND ESTABLISHING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND OTHER VALUES AND NEEDS OF 

THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT AND THOSE CONCERNED WITH IT 

B1: Valuing the historic environment: Quantifying the economic and social value of historic assets 

B2: Gauging the mood: Establishing perceptions and attitudes to the historic environment 

B3: Understanding the needs: Delivering “sector intelligence” 

C: ENGAGING AND DEVELOPING DIVERSE AUDIENCES 

C1: Opening doors: Understanding public participation in the historic environment 

C2: Making friends: Building understanding and appreciation through education and outreach 

D: STUDYING AND ASSESSING THE RISKS TO HISTORIC ASSETS AND DEVISING RESPONSES 

D1: Heritage at risk: Quantifying and analysing the condition of the historic environment 

D2: Measuring threat: Studying the reasons for risk and devising responses 

D3: Keeping it safe: Protection and conservation 

D4: Rescue! Threat-led last resort analysis 

E: STUDYING HISTORIC ASSETS AND IMPROVING THEIR PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION 

E1: Presenting the Past: Research to inform the presentation to the public of historic places 

F: STUDYING AND DEVELOPING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 

F1: Navigating the resource: Developing standards for Historic Environment Records 

F2: Wired! Studying and developing information management 

G: STUDYING AND DEVISING WAYS OF MAKING ENGLISH HERITAGE AND THE SECTOR 

MORE EFFECTIVE 

G1: Sharpening the tools: Developing new techniques of analysis and understanding 

G2: Defining the questions: Devising research strategies, frameworks and agenda 

G3: Impact and Effectiveness: Measuring outcomes and effectiveness of English Heritage and the “sector” 

89



2. EMPOWERMENT THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

Empowerment, or capacity-building, can be usefully defined by adopting the Charity Commission’s analysis of the 

concept 1 . It means making a positive difference to the capacity and skills of the members a community because 

they participate with other members of that community in activities directed towards meeting their needs in some 

way. This definition aims at: 

• equipping people with skills and competencies which they would not otherwise have; 

• realising existing skills and developing potential; 

• promoting people’s increased self-confidence; 

• promoting people’s ability to take responsibility for identifying and meeting their own, and other people’s, needs; and 

• in consequence encouraging people to become involved in their community and wider society in a fuller way. 

The Themes identified under this banner are naturally aligned with, but separate from, the Communication and 

Outreach Programmes. We have identified four principal elements of the historic environment sector: the public, 

practitioners (or specialists), land-owners and curators. For each Theme, programmes comprise training, education, 

guidance and standards, and direct support (through establishment of posts etc). 

A: EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES: GIVING LOCAL PEOPLE THE CAPACITY TO ENGAGE WITH 

THEIR HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 

A1: Training Communities: Giving people the skills to get involved (practical training courses for the public) 

A2: Educating Communities: Giving people the ability to perceive the importance of their own historic 

environment (educational visits, events and publications) 

A3: Community support: Empowering community heritage efforts through direct support 

A4: Empowering Inclusion: Giving priority groups the capacity to engage through direct support 

A5: Guidance and Standards for communities: Guidance to help people engage with and look after their own 


B: PROMOTING PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE: DEVELOPING AND ENHANCING 

PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY 

B1: Skilling the Sector: Ensuring professional training to build future capacity 

B2: Professional education support: Ensuring our expertise reaches into Higher Education realm 

B3: Supporting Professional Capacity: Support for key strategic professional posts in the historic environment 

B4: Professional Guidance and Standards: Setting the standards with professionals 

C: SUPPORTING ASSET-HOLDERS: EMPOWERING OWNERS OF HISTORIC PLACES AND OBJECTS 

C1: Supporting Asset Holders: Giving those with a stake in the historic environment the capacity to care for it 

C2: Guiding owners of historic places: Guidance on changes of use to historic places and structures 

1 

http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/publications/rr5.asp 

90



D: ENHANCING GOVERNMENT: ASSISTING LOCAL AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENT 

REPRESENTATIVES IN UNDERSTANDING, CONSERVING AND PROMOTING THE 

HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 

D1: Widening Skills: Training government specialists 

D2: Providing the Background: Capacity-building for heritage champions 

D3: Expanding Capacity: Funding Local Authority advice and planning posts 

D4: Guidance for Local Government: Helping local authorities through guidance 

91



3. COMMUNICATION THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

Communication (and outreach) Themes encompass activities which aim either to directly involve communities 

and the sector, or to provide access to resources and outputs with which they can interact. Communication 

and Outreach projects do not include advisory (ie casework), policy development (see Policy Formulation 

Programmes) or guidance activities (see Empowerment Programmes). 

A: TAKING PART: DIRECT COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 

This contains Programmes that involve people in community projects. The public are at the forefront but we help it 

happen. 

A1: Getting People Involved: Community participation projects in the historic environment 

A2: Celebrating community achievements: Awards and incentives for involvement 

B: AT YOUR FINGERTIPS: ON-LINE COMMUNITY RESOURCES 

This contains Programmes that develop on-line resources which people can tap into if they want. The public are 

involved, accessing the resources themselves and developing from them whatever outputs they wish. 

B1: Developing public resources: Opening access to on-line resources 

C: REMARKABLE STORIES: GETTING THE EXCITEMENT ACROSS 

This contains Programmes that are tapped for knowledge and enjoyment. They are aimed at target audiences and 

delivering specific ‘finished’ products to them. The public access particular items as they choose, through books, 

media, or physical presentation. 

C1: Accessible publications: exciting and enticing books 

C2: Media projects: Harnessing public media 

C3: On show: Support for nationally important displays of historic artefacts/ sites/ buildings 

D: TALKING IT THROUGH: COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ENGLISH HERITAGE AND 

STAKEHOLDERS 

This contains Programmes that involve and originate from active EH participation in historic environment issues. 

D1: Delivering the evidence: Providing the evidence of the importance and value of the historic environment to 

government and stakeholders 

D2: Debating the issues: Communication through conferences, debates and fora 

D3: Advocacy of historic environment issues 

D4: Partnership Working: Formal partnerships, forums, and councils working to solve historic environment 

challenges 

92



4. POLICY FORMULATION THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

Policy formulation is an internal English Heritage activity and no grant aid is envisaged in the direct development of 

policy. 

5. HERITAGE MANAGEMENT THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

Heritage Management Themes and Programmes deliver direct management outcomes for the historic 

environment. Key aspects include development of formal management systems (especially Heritage Protection); 

funding and supporting formal management agreements for sites and historic assets; and direct support for repair 

of monuments and buildings. 

A: BUILDING SYSTEMS: DEVELOPING ROBUST HERITAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 

A1: Building Management Systems: Developing the tools for good management of the historic environment 

B: MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS: DELIVERING PARTNERSHIP SOLUTIONS 

B1: Developing Management Agreements: Partnership management of the historic environment 

C: SAVING OUR HERITAGE: DIRECT SUPPORT TO SAVE THREATENED BUILDINGS, MONUMENTS 

AND LANDSCAPES 

C1: Saving our Past: Direct support for maintenance or repair of key sites, monuments and landscapes 

6. STRUCTURAL THEMES AND PROGRAMMES 

Structural themes and programmes specifically cover projects undertaken to make English Heritage better at 

what it does, through the way we operate, our premises or our resources. Projects undertaken within these 

programmes are therefore internal. 

93



APPENDIX 3: 

Glossary and Abbreviations 

Aim 

Objective 

Activity Type 

Theme 

Programme 

Sub-Programme 

Project 

Investment Stream 

HEEP 

ALSF 

MoRPHE 

A Corporate Strategy Aim. Currently there are six, set out inhttp://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ 

upload/pdf/final_strategy_doc.pdf. See also Appendix 1, above 

One of the numbered objectives assigned to each Aim (see above) in the Corporate Strategy 

One of six key kinds of endeavour which characterise the manner in which projects aim to meet 

their primary outcomes. The six are: 

1. Research 

2. Empowerment 

3. Communication 

4. Policy Formulation 

5. Heritage Management 

6. Structural 

See also Appendix 2 above 

A high-level subdivision of an Activity Type 

A mid-level sub-division of a Theme 

A defined grouping of similar projects derived from the intersection of corporate Objectives and 

Activity Type Programmes 

A collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve 

a particular outcome. Projects have defined start dates, end dates, products, schedules and resources 

One particular scheme within English Heritage which invests financially in achieving the Corporate 

Strategy, with defined goals and outcomes. The term may include grants programmes, procurement 

budgets, and other similar schemes 

Historic Environment Enabling Programme: English Heritage’s primary research and empowerment 

grants programme (see www.english-heritage.uk/HEEP) 

Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund: Disbursed by English Heritage on behalf of Defra, to ensure that 

the environmental performance of the aggregates industry benefits from the best research and 

support (see www.english-heritage.org.uk/ALSF, and www.sustainableaggregates.com) 

Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment. A suite of project management 

guidance now in use throughout English Heritage Research and Standards, and condition of HEEP/ 

ALSF grants from April 1st 2008. (see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/MoRPHE- 

Project-Managers-Guide.pdf) 

94



APPENDIX 4: 

Government and International Definitions 

and Categories of Research 

NABS: Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison 

of Science Programmes and Budgets 

NABS is a pan-European system of socio-economic goals against which Government budget appropriations or 

outlays on R&D (GBAORD) may be measured. The level to which the NABS categorisation takes account of 

the historic environment is variable, and some slightly broadened interpretation is required to align published 

categories with research we undertake or fund. For example, 1.2 Seabed Mapping is aimed primarily at the physical 

exploration and exploitation of marine environments, but may usefully cover Historic Seascape Characterisation; 

similarly, 2.2 Research on conservation and renovation of old buildings is here extended to cover research on 

protection and mitigation of archaeological sites and monuments, not just historic buildings. A summary of all the 

NABS categories is available from Eurostat (http://europa.eu.int/estatref/info/sdds/en/gba/gba_sm.htm). 

Each SHAPE Research Sub-Programme identifies one primary NABS category – these are used to report to 

Government on research expenditure. 

NABS 

Interpretation for Historic Environment Research 

1.0 Geophysics methods research; scientific dating research 

1.2 Seabed mapping 

1.4 Researching maintenance of groundwater balance (eg 

hydrological research and historic 

2.1 Researching methods of characterising landuse for planners 

2.2 Research on conservation and renovation of old buildings 

(extended here to mean also sites and monuments) 

2.2 Research reducing impact on environment for a given (built 

planning) requirement 

2.3 Research on threat analysis to HE of civil engineering projects 

3.6 Research on mitigating vibration damage to old structures 

3.10 Research on the environment (HE and climate change) 

4.9 Medical research on osteological collections 

6.0 Research on agricultural and forestry impacts on HE 

7.3 Predictive modelling and impact research on minerals/ 

aggregates extraction 

8.0 Research on labour market within HE sector 

8.1 Research on business training needs within HE sector 

8.2 Research on effect of HE on quality of life 

8.2 Research on cultural activities 

11.9 Non-oriented humanities research: Archaeology/history 

12.0 Civil historic environment research not placed in any previous 

categories 

95



Frascati Definitions of Research 

The Frascati Manual (The Measurement of Scientific Activities: proposed standard practice for surveys of research and 

experimental development. The Frascati Manual, 2002. OECD, Paris. ISBN 92 64 19903 9) sets out how to describe 

and measure R&D activities. It subdivides R&D into three related activities: 

• basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the 

underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view; 

• applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, 

directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective; and 

• experimental development is systematic work drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and 

practical experience that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices; to installing new processes, 

systems or services; or to improving substantially those already produced or installed. 

English Heritage has adopted the optional further breakdown of basic research into ‘pure-basic’ and ‘orientatedbasic’ 

and applied research into ‘strategic-applied’ and ‘specific-applied’. The definitions of these categories are: 

• Pure-basic research is carried out for the advancement of knowledge, without working for long-term 

economic or social benefits, and with no positive efforts being made to apply the results to practical problems or 

to transfer the results to sectors responsible for its application; 

• Orientated-basic research is carried out with the expectation that it will produce a broad base of 

knowledge likely to form the background to the solution of recognised or expected current or future problems or 

possibilities; 

• Strategic-applied research is directed toward practical aims, but has not yet advanced to the stage where 

eventual applications can be clearly specified; and 

• Specific-applied research will have quite specific and detailed products, processes, systems, etc. as its aims. 

The wider term ‘strategic research’ describes work that has evolved from pure-basic research and where 

practical applications are likely and feasible but cannot yet be specified, or where the accumulation of underlying 

technological knowledge will serve many diverse purposes. Strategic research is the sum of orientated-basic and 

strategic-applied. 

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SETI: Science Engineering, and Technology Indicators 

English Heritage aims to prepare returns on SETI in relation to the definitions and aims set out by the Department 

of Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). These are set out at http://www.dti.gov.uk/science/sciencefunding/set-stats/index.html), 

and the following summary and definitions are adopted from that source. 

‘SET Statistics’ is a summary of key science, engineering and technology indicators for measuring UK effort in 

Research and Development (including humanities R&D) and is prepared in collaboration between BERR and the 

Office for National Statistics. 

It aims to: 

• provide a historical analysis of the Government financing of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) activities 

in the UK; 

• describe the relationship between the funders and performers of Research and Development (R&D) in the UK 

(Government, higher education, business enterprise, charities and overseas); 

• report on business enterprise R&D expenditure; 

• summarise key data on output and employment of science graduates and postgraduates, and other employment 

data; and 

• show how the UK compares with other G7 countries 

Unlike the Frascati categories, which deal only with the classification of the R&D, it is also useful to know why 

the R&D is being funded by the public sector. This is known as the primary purpose (pp). For SET funded by 

Government the primary purposes are: 

• ppA, general support for research - all basic and applied R&D which advances knowledge for its own sake; 

support for postgraduate research studentships (PhDs); 

• ppB, Government services - R&D relevant to any aspect of Government service provision; 

• ppC, policy support - R&D which Government funds to inform policy (excluding ppB and ppD) and for 

monitoring developments of significance for the welfare of the population; 

• ppD, technology support - applied R&D that advances technology underpinning the UK economy 

(excluding defence). The category includes strategic as well as applied research 

• ppE, technology transfer - activities that encourage the exploitation of knowledge in a different place to its 

origin; and 

• ppF, taught course awards - includes awards for Masters degrees (but not for PhDs which are included in ppA). 

Frascati R&D relates to ppA-D, while ppE and ppF cover those non-R&D activities that are included in SET. It 

should be noted that these boundaries are determined by the Government’s primary purpose in funding the 

activity and not the intentions of the researcher or the end result. 

97



Research Areas 

(see also Appendix 3 of the English Heritage Research Strategy) 

Area 

Compontents 

Physics (surface physics, corrosion physics, environmental physics) 

Scientific 

research 

Chemistry (organic and inorganic chemistry) 

biology (botany, biochemistry, bacteriology, zoology, mycology and entomology) 

Earth and environmental sciences (geology, geophysics, climatology, atmospheric sciences and 

archaeological science) 

Mathematics and computer sciences (including software development) 

Architecture and engineering (building science, structural engineering, architectural design) 

Technological 

research 

Electrical engineering (electronics) 

Engineering sciences (chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, wood science) 

Conservation 

Information science 

Social history 

Arts/Humanities 

research 

building history 

History of science 

Archaeology 

Geography 

Town and country planning 

Social Science 

Law 

Social and economic studies 

Educational sciences 

Consumer/market research 

98



APPENDIX 5: 

Useful Contact Addresses for SHAPE 

See also the English Heritage website at: www.english-heritage.org.uk 

English Heritage Research and Standards Group 

Conservation Department, 

Properties Presentation Department 

Research Department 

Strategy Department 

English Heritage, 1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London EC1N 2ST 

National Monuments Record 

National Monuments Record Centre, English Heritage, Kemble Drive, Swindon, SN2 2GZ, England 

For Historic Environment Enabling Programme and Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund grant information please visit: 

www.english-heritage.org.uk/HEEP 

www.english-heritage.org.uk/ALSF 

English Heritage Policy Team 

English Heritage, 1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London EC1N 2ST 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The requirement for an integrated framework for English Heritage projects was established by Adrian Olivier, Strategy 

Director, and agreed by English Heritage Commission in principle in 2003. SHAPE was conceived, designed and managed 

by Barney Sloane, advised by a formal English Heritage project board representing the whole of Research and Standards 

Group, Policy Team, Planning and Development Group and Corporate Governance. 

The review of activities and development of Sub-Programmes was undertaken throughout Research and Standards 

Group and within Policy Team (the scope of SHAPE 2008), capturing the views and suggestions of all R&S team 

managers and strategy leads. A similarly extensive group of people commented on early drafts of the framework. Thanks 

are due to everyone for helping in the process. 

Thanks are also due to members of English Heritage Research Advisory panel who provided external comment on the 

project, and to members of the English Heritage Research Board and Executive Board who signed off on the framework. 

Special thanks go to: Rosy Phillipson, Strategy Department, for coordinating consultations and correspondence and for 

providing great help in the research of illustrative material for the published version of SHAPE; Vince Griffin, Research 

Department, for designing and preparing the publication for printing; Bryan Alvey of Cultural Heritage Information 

Consultants for providing invaluable advice on preparation of the SHAPE framework for database compliance. 

English Heritage is grateful for help and support from colleagues, partners and external organisations in sourcing images 

and for permission to reproduce images contained in the published document. 

99

© English Heritage 2008 

Published by English Heritage 

Edited by Barney Sloane 

Designed by Vincent Griffin 

Printed by Hawthornes 

Product Code 51435 

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