Discussing Women's Empowerment - Sida

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Table of Contents SUMMARY .................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................10 Gender Issues in Development Practices: Two Perspectives from a Development Coopeeration Agency Naila Kabeer: REFLECTIONS ON THE MEASUREMENT OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ................17 Section 1: Conceptualising empowerment .........................................................17 Introduction............................................................................................17 Conceptualising empowerment: resources, agency and achievement. .........18 Qualifying choice: difference versus inequality ...........................................22 Qualifying choice: ‘choosing not to choose’ ...............................................23 <strong>Empowerment</strong>: dimensions, levels and processes of change ......................26 Section 2: Measuring empowerment: the problem of meaning .............................28 Measuring ‘resources’ .............................................................................28 Measuring ‘agency’ .................................................................................31 Measuring achievement...........................................................................35 Triangulation and meaning: the indivisibility of resources, agency and achievements .......................................................................40 Section 3: Measuring empowerment: the problem of values.................................44 Status, autonomy and the relevance of context..........................................44 Outsider values and women’s empowerment: between altruism and autonomy...............................................................49 Conclusion......................................................................................................52 References .....................................................................................................54 Patricia McFadden: CULTURAL PRACTICE AS GENDERED EXCLUSION: EXPERIENCES FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA............................................................58 Colonial Stereotypes – Reinforced by Researchers Today ....................................62 Restricting Women’s Rights to Property and to Mobility........................................64 ‘Customary System’ – Used as A Weapon Against Women ...................................67 References .....................................................................................................70 Signe Arnfred QUESTIONS OF POWER: WOMEN’S MOVEMENTS, FEMINIST THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT AID ..................73 Section 1: Inequalities of power.........................................................................74 Power contexts of change in terminology from women to gender ................74
Further adjustments of GAD discourse: Gender mainstreaming ...................76 De-politicising of feminist theory?..............................................................78 WID/GAD and women’s movements..........................................................79 Section 2: Critique of dominant gender policies. .................................................81 Gender mainstreaming – limitations and pitfalls..........................................81 The gender bias of market economy.........................................................83 Section 3: Challenges for the women’s movements.............................................84 Reversals of learning...............................................................................84 Taking advantage of cracks and contradictions..........................................85 References .....................................................................................................86 Edmé Dominguez CITIZENSHIP AND WOMEN IN MEXICO: SEARCHING FOR A NEW POLITICAL CULTURE? VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF PARTICIPANTS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS IN POLITICAL ACTION ......................88 Introduction.....................................................................................................88 Theoretical Questions ......................................................................................89 The Political Participation of Mexican Women .....................................................92 Women and Citizenship at the Urban Level: Some Views of Both Participants and Non-Participants ........................................97 Methodology ..........................................................................................97 The Interviewees ....................................................................................99 Views on Citizenship .............................................................................100 Would the Political System Change if There Were More Women? ................105 Are the Zapatista Women Showing a New Way?........................................108 Final Reflections ............................................................................................110 References ...................................................................................................112 Sherin Saadallah GENDER AND POWER IN MUSLIM SOCIETIES: ISSUES FOR DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE.............................................................114 Introduction...................................................................................................114 Religion and the Dialectics of Interpretation: Gender and Power in Islam..............115 Shaping the Status of Women: Islamic Historical Memory ..................................119 Gender and Fundamentalism: The Discourse for Regression ..............................120 Categories of Feminism .................................................................................122 Another Shaping Influence: Societal Islamization...............................................123 ‘Non-class Actors’ and the Effects on Development ...........................................124 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................125 References ...................................................................................................127 NOTES ON THE AUTHORS...........................................................................................128 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................131
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Page 4 and 5: Sida studies can be ordered by visi
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Page 11 and 12: SUMMARY 9 calls current development
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