Wind Energy - Anton de Kom University of Suriname
Wind Energy - Anton de Kom University of Suriname
Wind Energy - Anton de Kom University of Suriname
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<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong><br />
Water Table in m above Sea Level<br />
Monthly Production in MWh for a 750 kW Turbine<br />
256<br />
350<br />
254<br />
300<br />
252<br />
250<br />
250<br />
200<br />
248<br />
150<br />
246<br />
100<br />
244<br />
50<br />
242<br />
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
0<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 1/46<br />
Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Jargstorf<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong> Projects GmbH, Wismar, Germany<br />
Consultant for<br />
Caribbean Renewable <strong>Energy</strong> Development Project – CREDP<br />
WIND ENERGY SEMINAR<br />
organized by<br />
<strong>Anton</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Kom</strong> Universiteit van <strong>Suriname</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 2/46<br />
1
Contents<br />
CREDP<br />
Introduction<br />
world installation<br />
technology <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
grid connection<br />
power curve<br />
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
standard grid connection<br />
high penetration<br />
wind-diesel<br />
battery operation<br />
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposals<br />
Summary<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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Introduction<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 4/46<br />
2
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Overview<br />
Introduction<br />
the fastest growing technology ever<br />
from 30 kW size in 1980 to 7,000 kW in 2009<br />
from 3 GW installation in 1995 to 195 GW in 2010<br />
major reasons:<br />
environmental concern (industrial countries)<br />
short lead times for project planning (<strong>de</strong>veloping count.)<br />
mature series production technology<br />
high oil price<br />
wind energy (together with other RE technologies)<br />
creates employment<br />
energy technology <strong>of</strong> the future<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Installations<br />
Introduction<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 6/46<br />
3
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> World Map in kW/km 2<br />
Introduction<br />
Source: J.P. Molly, “<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> – Quo Vadis?” in DEWI magazin 34, February 2009<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Technology<br />
Introduction<br />
Source: J.P. Molly, “<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> – Quo Vadis?” in DEWI magazin 34, February 2009<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 8/46<br />
4
Transporting a 55 m long Bla<strong>de</strong><br />
Introduction<br />
Source: H. Albers et. al. “Recycling <strong>of</strong> Rotor Bla<strong>de</strong>s – Fact or Fiction” in DEWI magazin 34, February 2009<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 9/46<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Economics - Life Cycle Costs<br />
Introduction<br />
Source: Roland Berger 2009, modified<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 10/46<br />
5
Conventional vs. RE Project<br />
100%<br />
Introduction<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
Conventional<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
Running Costs<br />
Investment Costs<br />
Renewable<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Consequences<br />
Introduction<br />
RE projects <strong>de</strong>pend much more on financing<br />
(loans etc.) than conventional projects;<br />
just imagine, when buying a car one would have<br />
to pay at the same time all the gasoline nee<strong>de</strong>d …<br />
however, the <strong>de</strong>ciding advantage <strong>of</strong> RE projects<br />
is the in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce from world oil prices<br />
therefore, since about 5 years, getting finance for<br />
RE projects is much easier than for fossil fuel<br />
projects (World Bank, IFC, national FIs etc.)<br />
motto: better now a fixed (higher) investment<br />
than a project with ever increasing fuel costs<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 12/46<br />
6
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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Family Tree <strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Applications<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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7
2 Mo<strong>de</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Grid Connection<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Source: Robert Gasch/Jochen Twele (Hrsg), „<strong>Wind</strong> PowerPlants“, Berlin 2005<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
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Effect on Rotor Torque<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
b) Indirectly Coupled<br />
- variable Speed Rotor<br />
a) Directly Coupled<br />
- Fixed Speed Rotor<br />
Source: DEWI – Deutsches <strong>Wind</strong>energie Institut<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 16/46<br />
8
Typical Power Curve: P ~ v 3<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Source: DEWI – Deutsches <strong>Wind</strong>energie Institut<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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Consequences<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
small changes in wind speed cause great<br />
changes in power output<br />
doubling the wind speed means 2 * 2 * 2 = 8 times<br />
the energy yield<br />
thus: accurate wind measurement is essential,<br />
thorough output prediction necessary<br />
in addition: wind is extremely site specific - 50 m<br />
in complex terrain or in areas with high surface<br />
roughness can mean ± 30 % output variation<br />
finally, weather changes from year to year can<br />
cause up to ± 40 % changes in annual output<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
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9
CREDP<br />
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Turbines …<br />
cannot - without additional (electronic/electrical)<br />
<strong>de</strong>vices act as a grid former (supply reactive and<br />
active power, short circuit power, control<br />
frequency)<br />
thus, they are operating in grid-parallel operation,<br />
<strong>de</strong>pending on <strong>de</strong>vices with grid-forming<br />
abilities (typically synchronous generators<br />
four main operation mo<strong>de</strong>s <strong>of</strong> wind turbines<br />
standard grid parallel operation<br />
high-penetration grid parallel operation (ultra-high)<br />
wind-diesel system operation<br />
battery charging operation<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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10
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Standard Grid-Parallel Operation<br />
P/Pmax<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
Diesel<br />
<strong>Wind</strong><br />
P wind, max ≤ 0.5 * P grid, minimum<br />
01H00<br />
02H00<br />
03H00<br />
04H00<br />
05H00<br />
06H00<br />
07H00<br />
08H00<br />
09H00<br />
10H00<br />
11H00<br />
12H00<br />
13H00<br />
14H00<br />
15H00<br />
16H00<br />
17H00<br />
18H00<br />
19H00<br />
20H00<br />
21H00<br />
22H00<br />
23H00<br />
24H00<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
High-Penetration Grid-Parallel<br />
P/Pmax<br />
1.20<br />
1.00<br />
0.80<br />
0.60<br />
0.40<br />
0.20<br />
0.00<br />
01H00<br />
02H00<br />
Diesel<br />
<strong>Wind</strong><br />
P wind, max ≤ 0.5 * P grid, max<br />
03H00<br />
04H00<br />
05H00<br />
06H00<br />
07H00<br />
08H00<br />
09H00<br />
10H00<br />
11H00<br />
12H00<br />
13H00<br />
14H00<br />
15H00<br />
16H00<br />
17H00<br />
18H00<br />
19H00<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
20H00<br />
21H00<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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22H00<br />
23H00<br />
24H00<br />
11
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
Ultra-High<br />
High-Penetration Grid-Parallel<br />
P/Pmax<br />
1.20<br />
1.00<br />
0.80<br />
0.60<br />
0.40<br />
0.20<br />
0.00<br />
01H00<br />
02H00<br />
maintain absolute minimum load <strong>of</strong> diesel<br />
Diesel<br />
<strong>Wind</strong><br />
03H00<br />
04H00<br />
05H00<br />
06H00<br />
07H00<br />
08H00<br />
09H00<br />
10H00<br />
11H00<br />
12H00<br />
13H00<br />
14H00<br />
15H00<br />
16H00<br />
17H00<br />
18H00<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
19H00<br />
20H00<br />
21H00<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
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22H00<br />
23H00<br />
24H00<br />
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong>-Diesel System Operation<br />
Source: Enercon GmbH, WEC: <strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Converter, MSM: Master Synchronous Machine<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
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12
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
Battery Charger Operation<br />
Source: Bergey <strong>Wind</strong>power, U.S.A., company brochure<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> Grid Systems<br />
Standard Grid-<br />
Parallel<br />
Typical<br />
minimum Load<br />
Technical<br />
Complexity<br />
Additional Measures nee<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Penetration<br />
Rates<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Diesel Generator<br />
> 100 kW low none 5 to15 % always on<br />
High Penetration 50 - 2,000 kW* medium dynamic power factor<br />
compensation, load<br />
management, output reduction<br />
<strong>Wind</strong>/Diesel System 50 - 2,000 kW* high modified wind turbine, rotating<br />
phase shifter, battery and/or<br />
flywheel storage, supervisory<br />
control system and more<br />
*) larger projects possible<br />
15 to 30 % always on<br />
30 to 80 %,<br />
<strong>de</strong>pending on<br />
the wind<br />
resource<br />
can be switched<br />
<strong>of</strong>f<br />
13
Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Penetration Rates<br />
Base Eduardo Frei<br />
(2009)<br />
Source: Risø National Laboratory “Isolated Systems with <strong>Wind</strong> Power”, modified<br />
Denmark<br />
(2008)<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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Operation Mo<strong>de</strong>s<br />
CREDP<br />
Intermediary Summary<br />
wind energy technology mature technology<br />
currently, unit sizes with 300 to 7,000 kW in<br />
series production - utility turbine 1 … 3 MW<br />
from standard grid parallel operation to highpenetration<br />
and wind-diesel - more and more<br />
technically complex<br />
99.9 % <strong>of</strong> all wind turbines are operating in<br />
standard grid parallel operation with<br />
(P wind
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
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<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Data<br />
first reliable, pr<strong>of</strong>essionally evaluated wind<br />
data available now<br />
two stations on the coast - New Nickerie and<br />
Galibi<br />
data show mo<strong>de</strong>rate wind resources <strong>of</strong> ~ 5.5<br />
m/s in 30 m above ground<br />
extremely high seasonal variation<br />
(Nov to Apr: 7 to 8 m/s - May to Oct: 3 to 5 m/s)<br />
conservative data - site behind dyke and with<br />
houses<br />
in hub height <strong>of</strong> 50 m: 6 to 6.5 m/s expected<br />
CREDP<br />
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15
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
Nickerie - View in Main <strong>Wind</strong> Direction<br />
CREDP<br />
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<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
Nickerie & Galibi - Monthly <strong>Wind</strong> Speed<br />
Monthly <strong>Wind</strong> Speed in m/s<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Nickerie<br />
Galibi<br />
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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16
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Classes according to IEC<br />
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><strong>Wind</strong> Classes according to IEC<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
Example UNISON U50 and U57<br />
same nacelle, only with different rotor diameter<br />
and different hub height<br />
WC I turbine UNISON U50: 50 m tower, 50 m<br />
rotor diameter, 750 kW generator power<br />
WC III turbine UNISON U57: 68 m tower, 57 m<br />
rotor diameter, 750 kW generator power<br />
net energy forecast:<br />
U50: 1,217 MWh/a - capacity factor: 18.5 %<br />
U57: 1,817 MWh/a - capacity factor: 27.6 %<br />
thus: a combination <strong>of</strong> high hub heights and<br />
large rotor diameter give satisfying results<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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17
<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
UNISON U50 and U57 Nacelle<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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<strong>Suriname</strong> <strong>Wind</strong><br />
CREDP<br />
UNISON U50 and U57 Nacelle<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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18
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposals<br />
CREDP<br />
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Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
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Rationale<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposal<br />
CREDP<br />
use <strong>Suriname</strong> wind and RE<br />
resources at home - and export<br />
<strong>Suriname</strong> fossil fuel<br />
why?<br />
ever increasing world oil prices<br />
wind running costs extremely low<br />
wind applications create employment<br />
no CO 2 emission (positive image for tourism)<br />
wind suitable for <strong>de</strong>centralized application<br />
wind and hydro resource complementary<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
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19
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposal<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> and Hydro - I<strong>de</strong>al Combination<br />
Water Table in m above Sea Level<br />
256<br />
254<br />
252<br />
250<br />
248<br />
246<br />
244<br />
242<br />
Production in MWh (750 kW Turbine)<br />
Monthly Production in MWh for a 750 kW Turbine<br />
Water Table Afobaka Lake<br />
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 39/46<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposal<br />
CREDP<br />
World Oil Prices in USD per Barrel<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 40/46<br />
20
<strong>Wind</strong> Proposal<br />
CREDP<br />
Three Different Project Proposals<br />
1. Large <strong>Wind</strong> Park in parallel to interconnected<br />
Grid<br />
15 x 2 MW for extending the full-load capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
Afobaka Hydro Power Plant (138 m tower!)<br />
Enercon E82: 5,682 MWh per turbine (32.4 % cap fac)<br />
annual generation: 85, 230 MWh<br />
2. Small <strong>Wind</strong> Park in parallel to isolated Grid<br />
(Nickerie)<br />
4 x 750 kW UNISON U57: 1,817 MWh/a (27.6 % cap fac)<br />
annual generation: 7,268 MWh (~ 9 % wind penetration)<br />
3. <strong>Wind</strong>-Diesel (or Battery) System for Village<br />
Electrification<br />
7.5 kW Bergey <strong>Wind</strong> Turbine in Galibi (14,046 kWh -<br />
21.4 % capacity factor)<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 41/46<br />
Summary<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 42/46<br />
21
Summary and Recommendations<br />
Summary<br />
CREDP<br />
first measurements indicate mo<strong>de</strong>rate, but<br />
sufficient wind resources on the coast<br />
possibly also (isolated) good resources<br />
further inland<br />
continue wind measurements, possibly in<br />
cooperation with the utility EBS - also inland<br />
prepare Feasibility Studies<br />
30 MW <strong>Wind</strong> Park close to Paramaribo (wind<br />
measurements for site selection - 3 stations)<br />
3 MW <strong>Wind</strong> Park Nickerie (close to Airport/dyke)<br />
install small (7.5 kW) wind turbine in Galibi<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 43/46<br />
Summary and Recommendations<br />
Summary<br />
CREDP<br />
the <strong>de</strong>velopment <strong>of</strong> renewable energy<br />
resources in the future in <strong>Suriname</strong> (and<br />
everywhere)<br />
relying on the burning <strong>of</strong> fossil fuel for<br />
electricity generation is a thing <strong>of</strong> the past<br />
better for <strong>Suriname</strong> economy:<br />
sell your fossil fuels for foreign currency<br />
increase the RE share in the energy mix<br />
extreme favourable condition: wind and hydro<br />
are exactly complementary - thus high<br />
capacity credits are possible (~ 40 %)<br />
thus both wind and hydro economy increased<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 44/46<br />
22
A Note at the end: Indirect Costs <strong>of</strong><br />
Electricity Production (US & EU)<br />
specific generation cost in € cents/kWh<br />
45<br />
Summary<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
External Cost<br />
Generation Cost<br />
Photovoltaics Coal/Lignite Nuclear Natural Gas Hydropower <strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Source: The World Watch Institute, “State <strong>of</strong> the World 2003 – Progress Toward a Sustainable Society”, New York London, 2003, p. 89<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 45/46<br />
Therefore:<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> = <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Future<br />
Summary<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 46/46<br />
23
The End.<br />
Contact:<br />
Benjamin Jargstorf<br />
benjamin@factor-4.com<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong> Projects<br />
GmbH<br />
Hinter <strong>de</strong>m Chor 8<br />
23 966 Wismar<br />
CREDP<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> for <strong>Suriname</strong> - WIND ENERGY SEMINAR 16-2-11<br />
Factor 4 <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Projects GmbH<br />
Sli<strong>de</strong> 47/46<br />
24
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