NHMRC Glaucoma Guidelines - ANZGIG

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NHMRC GUIDELINES FOR THE SCREENING, PROGNOSIS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF GLAUCOMA Chapter 5 – Prognosis: understanding the natural history In summary, patients with primary angle closure require regular monitoring of their angles as well as other aspects of their glaucoma management and appear to be best served by earlier laser peripheral iridotomy. However, this does not always eliminate the need for future surgery but appears to greatly reduce the risk of their progression to primary angle closure glaucoma. There appears to be some ethnic variation in susceptibility and also rates of progression. Even after laser iridotomy is performed, a significant proportion of patients will progress and require surgery. The type of surgery best suited to their needs can often be complicated and is further discussed in the monitoring and treatment chapters. References Burr JM, Mowatt G, Hernández R, Siddiqui M, Cook J, Lourenco T, Ramsay C, Vale L, Fraser C, Azuara-Blanco A, Deeks J, Cairns J, Wormald R, McPherson S, Rabindranath K, Grant A (2007): The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for open angle glaucoma: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessments; 11(41): 1-206. Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group (1998): The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology; 126:498-505. de Moura RC, Paranhos Jr A, Wormald R (2007): Laser trabeculoplasty for open angle glaucoma (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 4. Dueker DK, Singh K, Lin SC, Fechtner RD, Minckler DS, Samples JR, Schuman JS (2007): Corneal Thickness Measurement in the Management of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology; 114(9):1779-1787. European Glaucoma Society [EGS] (2003): Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma (2nd edn.). Savona, Italy: European Glaucoma Society. Fleming C, Whitlock EP, Beil T, Smit B, Harris RP (2005): Screening for primary open-angle glaucoma in the primary care setting: an update for the US preventive services task force. Annals of Family Medicine; 3(2):167-170. Friedman DS, Wilson MR, Liebmann JM, Fechtner RD, Weinreb RN, (2004): An evidence-based assessment of risk factors for the progression of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology; 138(3):S19-31. Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Brandt JD, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, Johnson CA, Keltner JL, Miller JP, Parrish II RK, Wilson MR, Kass MA (2002): The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: Baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology; 120: 714-720. Gordon MO, Torri V, Miglior S, Miglior S, Beiser JA, Floriani I, Miller JP, Gao F, Adamsons I, Poli D, D’Agostino RB, Kass MA (2007): Validated Prediction Model for the Development of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Individuals with Ocular Hypertension Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Group European Glaucoma Prevention Study Group. Ophthalmology; 114:10–19. Hattenhauer MG, Johnson DH, Ing HH, Herman DC, Hodge DO, Yawn BP, Butterfield LC, Gray DT (1998): The probability of blindness from open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology; 105 (11): 2099-104. Kass MA, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, Johnson CA, Keltner JL, Miller JP, Parrish RK, Wilson MR, Gordon MO (2002): A randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology; 120:701-713. National Health and Medical Research Council 45
NHMRC GUIDELINES FOR THE SCREENING, PROGNOSIS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF GLAUCOMA Chapter 5 – Prognosis: understanding the natural history Kerrigan LA, Zack DJ, Quigley HA, Smith SD, Pease ME (1997): TUNEL-positive ganglion cells in human primary open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology; 115(8): 1031–1035. Maier PC, Funk J, Schwarzer G, Antes G, Falck-Ytter YT (2005): Treatment of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal; 331(7509):134. Nolan WP, Foster PJ, Devereux JG, Uranchimeg D, Johnson GJ, Baasanhu J (2000): YAG laser iridotomy treatment for primary angle closure in east Asian eyes. British Journal of Ophthalmology; 84: 1255-9. Oliver JE, Hattenhauer MJ, Herman D, Hodge DO, Kennedy R, Fang-Yen M, Johnson DH, Hattenhauer MG (2002): Blindness and Glaucoma: A comparison of patients progressing to blindness from glaucoma with patients maintaining vision. American Journal of Ophthalmology; 133: 764–772. Pandav SS, Kaushik S, Jain R, Bansal R, Gupta A (2007): Laser peripheral iridotomy across the spectrum of primary angle closure. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology-Journal Canadien D Ophtalmologie; 42: 233-7. Quigley HA, Nickells RW, Kerrigan LA, Pease ME, Thibault DJ (1995): Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apoptosis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science; 36(5):774-86. Sycha T, Vass C, Findl O, Bauer P, Groke I, Schmetterer L, Eichler H (2003): Interventions for normal tension glaucoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 1. Thomas R, George R, Parikh R, Muliyil J, Jacob A (2003a): Five year risk of progression of primary angle closure suspects to primary angle closure: a population based study. British Journal of Ophthalmology; 87: 450-4. Thomas R, Parikh R, Muliyil J, Kumar RS (2003b). Five-year risk of progression of primary angle closure to primary angle closure glaucoma: a population-based study. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica; 81: 480-5. Tuulonen A, Airaksinen PJ, Erola E, Forsman E, Friberg K, Kaila M, Klemetti A, Mäkelä M, Oskala P, Puska P, Suoranta L, Teir H, Uusitalo H, Vainio-Jylhä E, Vuori M (2003): The Finnish evidence-based guideline for open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica; 81(1): 3-18. Vass C, Hirn C, Sycha T, Findl O, Sacu S, Bauer P, Schmetterer L (2007): Medical interventions for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 4. Wilensky JT, Kaufman PL, Frohlichstein D, Gieser DK, Kass MA, Ritch R et al (1993): Follow-up of angle-closure glaucoma suspects. American Journal of Ophthalmology; 115: 338-46. Yip JLY, Foster PJ (2006): Ethnic differences in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology; 17: 175-80. 46 National Health and Medical Research Council
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