Carlyle Lake Final Plan.pdf - Fayette County Soil & Water ...

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generally is high in clay and has a slow to moderately slow permeability rate. Overall, soil productivity is moderate. Erosion on the cropland areas is generally moderate with severe erosion occurring in areas where the surface layer is less than 3 inches thick. Many of these soils need protection from erosion because of their high erodibility and poor condition of the surface layer. The following tables give certain properties for the soils common to the watershed. For more detailed descriptions and soil interpretations, consult the local County Soil Survey Reports. Major Sloping Upland Soils Soil Name Surface Texture % Slope T/K Factor* Drainage Hickory loam 10 to 60% 5/0.37 well Ava silt loam 1 to 10% 4/0.43 mod. well Hosmer silt loam 2 to 5% 4/0.43 mod. well Atlas silt loam 5 to 10% 3/0.43 somewhat poor Fishhook silt loam 2 to 5% 4/0.37 somewhat poor Parke silt loam 1 to 15% 5/0.37 well Pike silt loam 2 to 5% 5/0.37 well Negley loam 5 to 60% 5/0.32 well Major Upland Soils, Non-sloping Soil Name Surface Texture % Slope T/K Factor* Drainage Bluford silt loam 0 to 5% 3/0.43 somewhat poor Wynoose silt loam 0 to 2% 3/0.43 poor Cisne silt loam 0 to 2% 3/0.37 poor Oconee silt loam 0 to 5% 3/0.32 somewhat poor Hoyleton silt loam 0 to 5% 3/0.32 somewhat poor Darmstadt silt loam 0 to 5% 3/0.43 somewhat poor Huey silt loam 0 to 2% 3/0.43 poor Stoy silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.43 somewhat poor Major Bottomland Soils Soil Name Surface Texture % Slope T/K Factor* Drainage Huntsville silt loam 0 to 3% 5/0.28 well Holton silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.37 somewhat poor Wirt silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.37 well Wakeland silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.37 somewhat poor Beaucoup silty clay loam 0 to 2% 5/0.32 poor Petrolia silty clay loam 0 to 2% 5/0.32 poor Bonnie silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.32 poor Belknap silt loam 0 to 2% 5/0.37 somewhat poor * T= Tolerable Soil Loss Level * K= Soil Erodibility Index Value 14
SOIL QUALITY Soil quality can be defined as the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function within its environment. Assessing soil quality involves a process through which soil resources are evaluated on the basis of soil function (what the soil does) and the changes in this function as a response to a natural or introduced stress or management practice. Four vital soil functions include: 1) sustaining biological activity, diversity and productivity, 2) regulating and partitioning of water and solute flow, 3) filtering, buffering, degrading, immobilizing and detoxifying organic and inorganic materials, 4) storing and cycling of nutrients. Assessment of soil quality within the Lake Carlyle watershed can provide additional information regarding decisions made about farm management practices. Management practices such as crop management systems, tillage operations, nutrient management and pest management, and other soil conservation practices all affect soil quality. Monitoring the soil quality will provide guidance in making agricultural management decisions or modifying those decisions already made. Current status of soil quality for cropland areas within the watershed can be generalized from interpreting the soil profiles of typical soil series that occur in the area. The relatively old, broad, Illinoian till plain gives rise to highly developed soil profiles. Typical soils have surface layers that are low in organic matter (approximately 1.5 – 2.0%). Because of the low organic matter levels, the surface layer tends to crust over or puddle after hard rains, subsequently sealing the surface layer. The result is decreased water infiltration through the soil and increased overland flow. Factors used for calculating the erodibility index (K factor) of the surface layers tend to give rise to higher values of erodibility. Subsurface layers (layers below the surface layer, but excluding the subsoil layer) tend to become impenetrable to crop roots when dry, thus causing the roots to develop laterally along the top of this layer until vertical cracks or worm holes are found. There are other restrictive layers in the profile in addition to the subsurface layer. The soils in this area are known as the “claypan” soils because they have a high percentage of clay in the subsoil, which causes slow permeability of water through these layers. They tend to dry out slowly in the spring. Soil pH tends to be highly acidic in the subsurface and subsoil layers. Maintaining the appropriate pH in the surface layer for agricultural crops is critical. All these properties tend to give rise to a soil quality status within the watershed that can afford to be much improved through careful management practices and the application of conservation practices that provide positive benefits to the soil resource. 15
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Carlyle Lake Wate
Page 4 and 5: PLAN OVERVIEW The Carlyle Lake Wate
Page 6 and 7: Kaskaskia Stream Channel Elevations
Page 8 and 9: WATERSHED CONCERNS The Carlyle Lake
Page 10 and 11: WATERSHED DESCRIPTION The Carlyle L
Page 12 and 13: Corn and soybeans are the dominant
Page 16 and 17: CLIMATE In winter, the average temp
Page 18 and 19: Also at Hazlet are the historical p
Page 20 and 21: Management anticipates growth at 40
Page 22 and 23: ‣ GENERAL DEAN BRIDGE RECREATION
Page 24: Future Direction and Critical Needs
Page 28 and 29: At the present time out-of-town vis
Page 30 and 31: SOURCE DOCUMENTS: Lake Shelbyville
Page 34 and 35: WATERSHED CONCERNS Soil and Water Q
Page 36: Recreation Issues Enhance recreatio
Page 40 and 41: Over time, municipal and industrial
Page 42 and 43: Another 11% of the cropland in the
Page 44: The Illinois Environmental Protecti
Page 48 and 49: Socio-economic benefits of forested
Page 50 and 51: STATE THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPE
Page 52 and 53: Among the twelve tributary streams
Page 54 and 55: “PUBLIC WATERS” ISSUES AND ITS
Page 56 and 57: increasing. We will continue to wor
Page 60 and 61: Technical Committee Recommendations
Page 62 and 63: 6. High - Adopt and enforce SWCD er
Page 64:
8. Low/Med. - Promote voluntary con
Page 67 and 68:
Table 1: Watershed Demographics Sou
Page 69:
Insert Climate data here 69
Page 86:
Insert Landuse table here 86
Page 90:
Insert soil loss by 11 digit HU her
Page 95 and 96:
Insert table with sediment delivery
Page 97:
Insert HU Maps here (Bond, Clinton,
Page 100 and 101:
Montgomery County Acres Quadrangle
Page 102:
SUMMARY OF PRIVATE WATER WELL ANALY
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