Preventing Childhood Obesity - Evidence Policy and Practice.pdf

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Developing the political climate for action 9 FAO, WHO : Nutrition and development —a global assessment , written by FAO and WHO for the International Conference on Nutrition, 1992 . 10 World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization : Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation . WHO Technical Report Series 916 . Geneva : WHO , 2003 . 11 World Health: Organization (WHO) : Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health . WHO , 2004 . 12 Foresight: Tackling Obesities: Future Choices —Modelling Future Trends in Obesity & Their Impact on Health . Government Office for Science (UK) , 2007 . 13 Foresight: Tackling Obesities: Future Choices — Project Report , 2nd edn . Government Office for Science , 2007 . 219
CHAPTER 26 Community i nterventions — planning for s ustainability Anne Simmons, 1 Jean Michel Borys 2 and Boyd Swinburn 1 1 WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong and Melbourne, Australia 2 EPODE European Network, Paris, France Summary and recommendations for research and practice • Well-evaluated community-based obesity prevention programs are needed to provide the evidence of effectiveness of such approaches. • Selection of priority communities for program implementation should take account of needs (e.g. level of disadvantage) as well as likelihood of success. • A capacity building approach should underpin implementation of obesity prevention programs. • Health promotion principles are applied to community engagement, program planning and implementation, and evaluation design, but these are inherently complex and contextual. • Sustainability must be built in from the start, and means placing a higher priority on policies and capacity building than on events, awareness raising and education. • Future challenges include securing sufficient investment in programs and evaluations, incorporating socio - cultural aspects, and moving from implementing individual projects to reorienting existing systems towards contributing to the obesity prevention efforts. Introduction Community level action to promote healthy eating and physical activity is a central component of obesity Preventing Childhood Obesity. Edited by E. Waters, B.A. Swinburn, J.C. Seidell and R. Uauy. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing. prevention efforts. Ideally, these actions should complement wider state - or national - level action, particularly policy actions needed to make environments less obesogenic. 1 In practice, programs at the community level are being established much more rapidly than policies at a state or national level. At this stage, however, the evidence base for what works and what does not work at a community level is relatively narrow, 2,3 therefore there is an imperative to properly evaluate major programs that are being implemented. 4 Establishing well evaluated demonstration projects is critical for creating the evidence about what works for whom, why, and for “ what cost? ” The planning, implementation and evaluation of community intervention programs takes several years. This is especially the case if the programs are large and multi - faceted, if the structures and organizational relationships need to be built from scratch, if the stakeholder groups are numerous or require substantial relationship building, or if the resources and leadership support are low. Sustainability issues are often not high on the agenda in the early stages as people are immersed in community consultations, hiring staff, setting up governance structures, developing action plans, and so forth. However, as the evidence of long - term effectiveness of interventions emerges, the focus of choosing more sustainable action should increase. Basic health promotion principles for the implementation of any community programs include: the need for community engagement and capacity building; program design and planning, including governance and management structures; implementa- 220
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
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Preventing Childhood Obesity Eviden
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Contents Foreword, vii Contributors
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Foreword Obesity became a major hea
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Contributors Rob Carter PhD Head, H
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Contributors Shiriki Kumanyika PhD,
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Preface If we had all the evidence,
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CHAPTER 1 The c hildhood o besity e
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Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
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Childhood obesity epidemic explain
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Childhood obesity epidemic Table 1.
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Childhood obesity epidemic hepatiti
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Childhood obesity epidemic 15 Shiel
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CHAPTER 2 Lessons from the c ontrol
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Lessons from the control of other e
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Childhood obesity prevention overvi
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CHAPTER 4 No c ountry for f at c hi
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No country for fat children? Ethica
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A human rights approach to childhoo
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Part 2 community and government age
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Chapter 6 Questions Evidence needed
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Chapter 6 ioral determinants rather
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Chapter 6 These issues are particul
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Chapter 6 15 Carrel AL , Bernhardt
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Chapter 7 at the state level to app
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Chapter 7 prevention efforts, parti
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Chapter 7 interventions. This appro
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CHAPTER 8 Evidence of the i nfl uen
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Chapter 8 choices in adolescence, 1
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Chapter 8 itself is unlikely to res
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Chapter 8 20 Cullen K , Baranowski
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Chapter 9 meal frequency, decreased
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Chapter 9 were behavioral (parent -
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Chapter 9 changes regarding partici
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Chapter 9 36 Campbell KJ , Hesketh
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Chapter 10 condition obesity in chi
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Chapter 10 the release of energy an
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Chapter 10 whereas Flynn et al 25 a
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Chapter 10 11 Baranowski T : Advanc
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CHAPTER 11 Obesity p revention in s
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Chapter 11 translation (see Chapter
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Chapter 11 overweight and obesity r
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CHAPTER 12 The p revention of c hil
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Chapter 12 Selective prevention pro
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Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Recommendatio
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Chapter 12 Table 12.1 Continued Gui
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Chapter 12 short - and long - term
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Chapter 12 33 Woo KS , Chook P , Yu
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Chapter 13 There is a relatively sm
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Chapter 13 Modifying the b uilt e n
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Chapter 13 capacity to support chil
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Chapter 13 45 Staunton C , Hubsmith
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Chapter 14 Changes in the food envi
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Chapter 14 Promising interventions
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Chapter 14 10 USDA - ERS : Food CPI
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CHAPTER 15 Food and b everage m ark
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Chapter 15 Box 15.1 The findings of
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Chapter 15 Food, however, is not to
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Chapter 15 competitive analysis eac
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Chapter 15 behaviour: exploring the
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Chapter 16 pawn or sell possessions
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Chapter 16 obesity and that this ma
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Chapter 16 impact of this deprivati
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Chapter 16 10 Marin - Leon L , Sega
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CHAPTER 17 Socio - c ultural i ssue
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Chapter 17 The s ocio - c ultural e
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Chapter 17 with limited access and/
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Chapter 17 What else can be done to
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Chapter 17 55 Grier S , Kumanyika S
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Chapter 18 Ironically, these countr
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Chapter 18 key environmental factor
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Chapter 18 countries precludes the
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Chapter 18 7 Jafar TH , Qadri Z , I
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CHAPTER 19 Evaluation of c ommunity
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Evaluation of community-based obesi
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CHAPTER 20 Economic e valuation of
Page 188 and 189: Economic evaluation of obesity inte
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 21 Monitoring of c hildhood
Page 196 and 197: Monitoring of childhood obesity Non
Page 198 and 199: Monitoring of childhood obesity Noo
Page 200 and 201: Monitoring of childhood obesity Tab
Page 202 and 203: Monitoring of childhood obesity 11
Page 204 and 205: Knowledge translation and exchange
Page 212 and 213: The role of advocacy Why d o w e n
Page 214 and 215: The role of advocacy mate long - te
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Page 223 and 224: Chapter 24 by examining why policy
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Page 231 and 232: CHAPTER 25 Developing the political
Page 233 and 234: Chapter 25 Involuntary: all society
Page 235 and 236: Chapter 25 Shiriki Kumanyika and co
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Page 273 and 274: Chapter 29 length gain observed in
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Page 277 and 278: Chapter 29 A study in the USA found
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Page 281 and 282: Chapter 29 environmental approaches
Page 283 and 284: Chapter 30 it all on their own, sin
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Chapter 31 childhood obesity rates
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Chapter 31 became inactive or was t
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Chapter 31 healthy diets and portio
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CHAPTER 32 Working with m inority g
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Chapter 32 and reflect the circumst
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Chapter 32 inclusion and exclusion
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Chapter 32 3 Mercer SL , Vinney JD
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Chapter 33 % of total DALYs lost 2
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Chapter 33 Finally, within a given
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Chapter 33 urbanized and have aband
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Chapter 33 Box 33.1 Recommendations
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CHAPTER 34 Preventing c hildhood o
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Chapter 34 with a plateau in cigare
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Chapter 34 segments of the populati
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Index academic performance 11, 264
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Index evidence-based and evidence-i
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Index community-based 33, 58, 151,
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Index parental support 67 PE 25, 81
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Index Minnesota Heart Heath Project
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