Cornwall's Biodiversity Action Plan - Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Cornwall's Biodiversity Action Plan - Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Cornwall's Biodiversity Action Plan - Cornwall Wildlife Trust
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Cornwall’s Biodiversity
Action Plan
Volume 4: Priority Projects
2010-2015
This document should be cited as:
Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative (CBI) (2011) Cornwall Biodiversity Action Plan Volume 4: Priority Projects
All four volumes of Cornwall’s BAP are available on line at: www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/bap
For further information please contact:
Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative
C/o Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Five Acres
Allet
Truro
TR4 9DJ
T: 01872 273939
E: bap@cornwallwildlifetrust.org.ok
W: www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/bap
Contents
Introduction 2
Background 3
Targets 5
Habitat Targets 6
Priority Projects 8
Mapping 9
All of the Coast 11
Bodmin Moor Mires and Headwaters 12
Camborne, Pool, Illogan and Redruth 13
China Clay Area 14
Coast to Coast 15
Cornwall’s Super Green Spine 16
Culm Grassland 17
Linking the Lizard 18
Plymouth Green Infrastructure and Tamar Valley Woods 19
Truro Development – Growth Point 20
Wild Penwith 21
Cetacean BAP Species 22
Invasive Species 23
Connectivity 24
Mapping BAP Habitats 25
Marine Atlas 26
Marine Habitat (Biotope) Mapping 27
Orchards 28
Species recovery 29
References 30
Appendices
Appendix 1 – Habitat and Species List 31
Appendix 2 – Projects and habitats table 40
Appendix 3 – Projects and organisations table 41
Forward
I would like to take this opportunity to commend the individuals and organisations that have undertaken so
much diligent and hard work. However, there is much more to do and the challenges facing us now are more
severe than ever. This is not the time for shirking our responsibilities; this is the time to redouble our efforts and
ensure that our small contribution to protecting the planet’s ecosystems makes a difference, and we leave these
ecosystems in good order for our successors. We must understand the value of our ecosystems, what they do
for us and how we interrelate with them. We must maintain our biodiversity and where possible enhance it. This
will give Cornwall the best chance of survival in a changing climate.
Cornwall's Biodiversity Action Plan, Volume 4, gives us the toolkit to identify responsible actors and measure our
progress. If we fall short, we must hold one another to account and offer encouragement and support in order
to achieve. If we live by the plan, we will succeed’.
Julian German
Cornwall Council Cabinet member for Waste Management, Climate Change and Historic Environment
‘My a garsa kemeres an chons ma dhe gomendya an dus unnik ha kowethyansow re omgemeras kemmys ober
kales ha diwysyk. Byttegyns, yma lies moy dh’y wul ha’n chalenjys usi orth agan enebi lemmyn yw moy sad es
bythkweth kyns. Nyns yw hemma an prys dhe woheles agan charjys; hemm yw an prys dhe dhastewblekhe agan
strivyansow ha surhe y hwra dyffrans agan kevro byhan dhe witha ekosystemow an planet, hag y hwren ni gasa
an ekosystemow ma yn studh da rag agan heryon. Res yw dhyn ni konvedhes talvosogeth a’gan ekosystemow, an
pyth a wrons i ragon ha fatel wren ni keskowethya gansa. Res yw dhyn ni mentena agan bewdhiverseth ha le may
fo possybyl hy gwellhe. Hemm a wra ri dhe Gernow an gwella chons a dreusvewnans yn hin ow treylya.
Towl Gwrians Bewdhiverseth Kernow, Lyver 4, a re dhyn an dafar toulys dhe aswon gwarioryon omgemeryek ha
musurya agan avonsyans. Mar ny wren ni drehedhes an linen, res yw dhyn omsynsi kablus ha profya kennerth ha
skoodhyans may hyllyn y gowlwul. Mar kwren ni bewa dre’n towl, ni a wra seweni’.
Page 1
Introduction
It is perhaps fitting that this new volume to Cornwall’s
Biodiversity Action Plan was developed over 2010, the
International Year of Biodiversity. The United Nations (UN)
designated 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity and,
as a result, people all around the world intensified their efforts
to promote the importance of conserving our biodiversity.
Following on from this the UN has launched a new Decade of
Biodiversity from 2011 until 2020. 2011 will also see the launch
of the Natural Environment White Paper, which is the first step
towards new policy for wildlife and the environment.
Cornwall’s Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Volume 4 has been
produced in response to the updated UK BAP lists of habitats
and species 1 produced in 2007, the UK strategic biodiversity
framework 2 and the Lawton Review 3 . The Cornwall Biodiversity
Initiative (CBI) has produced a new Cornish BAP habitat and
species list (Appendix 1 and www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/
bap) which includes the relevant habitats and species from the
updated UK list.
This volume is very short in comparison to Cornwall’s BAP
Volume 3. This is because there has been a shift in focus of
conservation priorities, which is not just a local view, it is also
occurring throughout the country. This BAP Volume 4 highlights
priority projects where conservation effort should be directed
within the next 5 years. There are no long lists of targets and
actions which are difficult to record against. Instead targets are
set for Cornwall, and priority projects are summarised and
lead partners assigned. It will then be part of each project
development stage to develop SMART (Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic and Time-constrained) targets that can
be reported on within BARS (Biodiversity Action Reporting
System) 4 .
This new broader, habitat based approach will allow effective
action planning and reporting without significantly adding to
BAP bureaucracy. By shifting the emphasis to habitat-based
work these projects will achieve habitat targets as well as
benefit those species less suited to very narrowly focused
recovery work.
The CBI is of course bound by limits on the budget and
resources that we can muster in these difficult times, but
nonetheless we are confident that we can achieve a lot by
working together and planning ahead. The partnership is
confident that with this co-ordinated approach we will be
able to build on all the good work undertaken to date and
help reverse the decline that so much of our wildlife has
experienced and to ensure that Cornwall’s wildlife continues
to be an inspiration for future generations.
1 www.ukbap.org.uk/NewPriorityList
2 www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/biodiversity/protectandmanage/framework
3 www.defra.gov.uk/environment/biodiversity/documents/201009space-for-nature.pdf
4 www.ukbap-reporting.org.uk
Page 2
Background
National
A new UK List of Priority Species and Habitats was published
in 2007, following a 2-year review of the BAP process and
priorities, representing the most comprehensive analysis of
such information ever undertaken in the UK. The list now
contains 1150 species and 65 habitats that have been listed
as priorities for conservation action under the UK BAP. UK
species were considered by expert working groups against a
set of selection criteria based on international importance,
rapid decline and high risk.
The England Biodiversity Group published a new framework
in 2008 to drive the work on priority species and habitats in
England. ‘The framework aims to build on the strengths of the
UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP), promote landscapescale
delivery and embed an ecosystem approach in BAP
delivery’.
Regional
Biodiversity South West (BioSW) is currently developing
(due to be completed in 2011) a comprehensive, realistic and
challenging Regional Delivery Plan that identifies spatially the
key priority landscapes for successful delivery of integrated
habitat and species targets. Within this plan organisations
accountable for this delivery will be identified.
The delivery plan will set out a 5 year work plan that builds
on past BioSW/Local BAP activity, outlines and profiles the
future challenges and delivery priorities and aligns this with
South West Nature Map 5 as the main delivery ‘tool’. The main
focus of this plan is on restoration and creation of habitats and
the protection of their associated species. This should occur
at the landscape, ecosystem or catchment scale and focus
on connecting existing habitats. Maintenance of the existing
habitat remains a crucial part of each project, but should not
constitute the whole.
Local
The Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative (CBI) has been involved
in the production and delivery of the Cornwall Biodiversity
Action Plan (BAP) since 1996. The Cornwall BAP is currently
made up of three volumes 6 , these are:
• Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 1: Audits and Priorities
• Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 2: Action Plans
• Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 3: Action Plans 2004
In 1996 the Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative (CBI) produced
Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 1. Following on from the
recommendations in this document, Action Plans were
produced for Cornwall’s priority habitats and species and
published in Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 2: Action Plans.
A further volume, Cornwall’s Biodiversity Volume 3: Action
Plans 2004, was produced in line with the UK BAP process.
This highlights the UK BAP priority habitats and species
that occur in Cornwall and comprises 25 habitat and 127
species Action Plans, each written by local experts. Cornwall’s
Biodiversity Volume 3 has guided local conservation work and
has helped contribute to the UK BAP targets.
The CBI reviewed Cornwall's Biodiversity Volume 3 in 2008
to assess progress against the targets and actions for each
plan. This involved detailed consultations with lead partners,
other partner organisations, specialist groups and individuals.
A report, Cornwall’s Biodiversity Initiative - Progress Review
2008 6 , was produced detailing the progress made for all the
species and habitat action plans in Cornwall BAP Volume 3.
This has helped to highlight any gaps in delivery which has in
turn helped to inform this new BAP Volume 4.
As part of the production of this BAP, a series of workshops
were held in late 2009 to establish a prioritised list of
biodiversity projects. These priority projects form the backbone
of this volume; the project aims are outlined, the key habitats
and species are listed, and the lead delivery body identified.
Targets and actions for each project are not set within this
document as these are to be drawn up at the development
stage for each individual project.
There are of course overarching principles of the CBI which
are not only included within these projects but also feed
into other aspects of biodiversity within Cornwall. The CBI
works in partnership with other organisations to ensure
these principles are incorporated into strategic planning and
influence the Core Strategy for Cornwall. The Core Strategy
which is currently being developed for Cornwall will provide
planning policies that help deliver enhancement and protect
Cornwall’s biodiversity and geodiversity for the benefit of local
communities. An additional layer to the Core Strategy will be
Town Frameworks which will bring to life the proposed policies
/ implications of the Core Strategy for local communities.
Recognising the valuable role that nature plays in urban areas
is especially important now there is such intense pressure to
build. By working in partnership with developers, planners and
local people, we aim to show that nature conservation has a
crucial role to play.
5 www.biodiversitysouthwest.org.uk/nmap
6 www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/bap
Page 3
Landscape Scale/Ecosystem approach
There are many different definitions for ‘landscape scale
conservation’ and the ‘ecosystem approach’. In summary
this is a holistic approach, looking not just at biodiversity
issues, but also at issues such as local economies and
agriculture, geodiversity and the health and social benefits of
the environment. This is an approach that many conservation
organisations are starting to take and this BAP Volume 4 will
help to guide this work.
Ecosystem Services, as defined by the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment 7 are: 'the benefits people obtain from ecosystems'.
These include 'provisioning services such as food, water,
timber, and fiber; regulating services that affect climate, floods,
disease, wastes, and water quality; cultural services that provide
recreational, aesthetic, and spiritual benefits; and supporting
services such as soil formation, photosynthesis, and nutrient
cycling.'
Climate change
Climate is one of the most important factors that influence
the behaviour, abundance and distribution of species, as well
as having a strong influence on the ecology of habitats and
ecosystems. The predicted impacts of climate change need to
be considered within this action plan.
Climate is determined by the complex interaction between
the atmosphere, ocean and land, including soil and vegetation.
Climatic projections vary between models; while there is now
more consensus across models on the level of future warming:
projected changes in precipitation and extreme rainfall events
are less certain.
Conserving Biodiversity – The UK Approach a report produced
by the UK biodiversity Partnership states that lack of habitat
and habitat fragmentation would appear to be a key factor
preventing range expansion in some species as the climate
changes. Many are already showing evidence of changes in
their range, and some which undergo annual migration are
responding particularly rapidly, such as wading birds which
migrate to spend winter on the UK coast. Reduced numbers
of waders have been found in the south and west of the UK,
because warmer winters mean they are able to feed further
north and east, nearer to their overseas breeding sites. There is
also increasing evidence of non-migratory species which reach
the northern limit of their distribution in the UK expanding
their range northwards and onto higher ground. In contrast,
some species which reach their southern limit in the UK are
retreating northwards and are being lost from lower ground.
Two types of action need to be taken to address the challenge
of climate change and biodiversity conservation. The first
is adaptation, which means increasing the ability of natural
systems to absorb and respond to change, given that the
world is already experiencing some degree of climate change.
The second type of action is mitigation, which is controlling
and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the root cause
of climate change. Cornwall’s Biodiversity Action Plan Volume
4 focuses on actions that are relevant to habitats and species
adaptation to climate change. This plan should be reviewed
frequently and systematically to take account of current
research on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
7 www.maweb.org
Page 4
Targets
Within this document it has been decided to set targets for
the county rather than each individual project. This will allow
monitoring and reporting to be consistent with Regional and
National BAP targets as there will be direct comparison to
methodologies used in defining the targets.
At each project development stage realistic targets should be
set for habitat maintenance and restoration/expansion. These
will then feed into the county targets, i.e. the Wild Penwith
Project has contributed x amount to the county targets, y
amount to regional and z to the National targets.
Maintenance target
Data from ERCCIS and Cornwall’s Landcover 1995-2005
(2010) 8 report have been used to establish the baseline
figures for each BAP habitat where information is available.
Baseline figures are not available for some BAP habitats as
insufficient survey work has been undertaken. Different levels
of confidence for these figures have been applied, the lack of
certainty derives both from the lack of clarity in the habitat
definition and incompleteness of fieldwork data in the county.
The figures for extent have been used to indicate the
maintenance target for each of these BAP habitats. The
habitats which have no maintenance figures are due to the
fact that these areas of habitat cannot be quantified; however
it is important that the current extents of these habitats are
maintained. Once these habitats have been surveyed and
mapped then numerical targets can be set.
Expansion/restoration target
The methodologies used to define the expansion/restoration
targets vary depending on data available. Three methods have
been used and these are summarised below.
Method 1
All habitats mapped on South West Nature Map have the
expansion/restoration figures for 2050 calculated using the
same methodology as that in Review of the South West
Biodiversity, BRERC, March 2006 9 , a full description of the
methodology can be found in this document. The 2015 figure
is derived by assuming a linear rate of increase and dividing the
2050 figure by 8.
Method 2
The Review of the South West Biodiversity gives restoration/
expansion targets for both 2015 and 2030 for the region
for habitats not mapped on South West Nature Map. The
percentage of habitat occurring in Cornwall was calculated
and the 2030 aspirational target was calculated using the same
proportion as for the region. The target for 2015 was created
by averaging the 2010 target and the 2020 aspirational target
Method 3
No relevant data exists to produce targets for these habitats.
Therefore it should be ensured that these BAP habitats are
maintained until further information is available and future
targets can be set.
It should be noted that these targets are not prescriptive; they
are an indication of the scale of local contributions that are
needed to deliver regional and national targets. No targets
have been set for marine habitats or habitats without any
current baseline data; this is something that will need to be
addressed at the next 5 year review using the information
gained from the mapping projects outlined in this document.
8 www.erccis.co.uk/projects/cornwall_landcover_change
9 www.biodiversitysouthwest.org.uk/docs
Page 5
Habitat targets
Broad
Habitat
Acid
Grassland
Arable and
horticulture
Boundaries
and linear
features
Broadleaved,
mixed and
yew
woodland
Calcareous
Grassland
Dwarf Shrub
Heath
Fen, Marsh
and Swamp
Priority
Habitat
Maintenance
target, ha
Restoration/expansion target (ha)
by
(confidence 2015 2030 2050
level)
Aspirational Aspirational
500 (B) 80(2) 200(2)
Lowland Dry
Acid Grassland
Arable field 30 000 m (est) Maintain
margins
(3)
Hedgerows 30 000 km (est) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Traditional
orchards
70 (est) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Wood-pasture
and parkland
250 (B) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Upland 1500 (B) 260(1) 2100(1)
oakwood
Upland mixed 1700 (B) 300(1) 2350(1)
ashwoods
Wet woodland 2200 (A) 380(1) 3000(1)
Lowland mixed 1600 (est) 280(1) 2200(1)
deciduous
woodland
Lowland 100 (B) Maintain Maintain Maintain
calcareous
(3) (3) (3)
grassland
Lowland 6500 (A) 1000(1) 8000(1)
heathland
Upland 30 (B) 15(2) 40(2)
heathland
Purple moorgrass
and rush
pastures
900 (B) 50(2) Culm
only
Maintain
(3)
Lowland fens 3100 (B) 500(2) 1300(2)
Reedbeds 100 (A) 20(2) 50(2)
Improved
Grassland
Inland rock
Upland flushes,
fens and
swamps
Coastal and
floodplain
grazing marsh
Calaminarian
grasslands
560 (B) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
75 (A) 10(1) 90(1)
50 (est) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Littoral rock
Open mosaic
habitats on
previously
developed land
Intertidal
underboulder
communities
100 (est) Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Page 6
Broad
Habitat
Acid
Grassland
Arable Littoral and
horticulture sediment
Boundaries
and linear
features
Broadleaved,
mixed and
yew Neutral
woodland Grassland
Rivers and
Streams
Standing
Open Water
and Canals
Calcareous
Grassland
Dwarf Shrub
Heath Sublittoral
rock
Fen, Marsh
and Swamp
Sublittoral
sediment
Improved
Grassland
Inland rock
Sublittoral
rock
Supralittoral
Sediment
Priority Maintenance Restoration/expansion target (ha)
Habitat target, ha
by
(confidence 2015 2030 2050
level)
Aspirational Aspirational
Sabellaria Lowland Dry
alveolata Acid Grassland reefs
3500 (A)(B) Maintain 80(2)
(3)
Maintain 200(2)
(3)
Maintain
(3)
Coastal Arable field 290 30 000 (A) m (est) 10(1) Maintain Maintain 90(1) Maintain
saltmarsh margins
(3) (3) (3)
Intertidal Hedgerows 2600 30 000 (A) km (est) 100(1) Maintain Maintain 800(1) Maintain
mudflats
(3) (3) (3)
Seagrass beds
Sheltered Traditional 70 (est) Maintain Maintain Maintain
muddy orchards gravels
(3) (3) (3)
Lowland Wood-pasture 100 250 (est) (B) 150(2) Maintain 400(2) Maintain Maintain
meadows and parkland
(3) (3) (3)
Rivers Upland 300 1500 (est) (B) Maintain 260(1) Maintain Maintain 2100(1)
oakwood
(3) (3) (3)
Eutrophic Upland mixed 100 1700 (est) (B) Maintain 300(1) Maintain Maintain 2350(1)
standing ashwoods
(3) (3) (3)
waters Wet woodland 2200 (A) 380(1) 3000(1)
Mesotrophic
Lowland mixed 150 1600 (est) (est) Maintain 280(1) Maintain Maintain 2200(1)
lakes deciduous
(3) (3) (3)
Oligotrophic
woodland 750 (est) Maintain Maintain Maintain
Lowland dystrophic 100 (B) (3) Maintain (3) Maintain (3) Maintain
lakes calcareous
(3) (3) (3)
Ponds grassland 300 (est) Maintain Maintain Maintain
Lowland 6500 (A) (3) 1000(1) (3) (3) 8000(1)
Estuarine heathland 60 (est) Maintain Maintain Maintain
rocky Upland habitats 30 (B) (3) 15(2) (3) 40(2) (3)
Fragile heathland sponge
and Purple anthozoan moorgrass
and rush
only (3)
900 (B) 50(2) Culm Maintain
communities
on pastures subtidal
rocky Lowland habitats fens 3100 (B) 500(2) 1300(2)
Tide-swept
channels Reedbeds
Sabellaria
100 (A) 20(2) 50(2)
spinulosa Upland flushes, reefs 560 (B) Maintain Maintain Maintain
Subtidal fens and sands
(3) (3) (3)
and swamps gravels
Maerl Coastal beds and 75 (A) 10(1) 90(1)
Blue floodplain mussel
beds grazing marsh
Saline Calaminarian lagoons 50 (A) (est) Maintain
Maintain
Maintain
grasslands
(3)
(3)
(3)
Maritime cliff 3750 (B) 30(2) Maintain
and Open slopes mosaic 100 (est) Maintain (3) Maintain Maintain
Coastal habitats sand on 1030 (A) 30(1) (3) (3) 230(1) (3)
dunes previously
Coastal developed land 75 (B) 1(2) 3(2)
vegetated Intertidal
shingle
Littoral rock
underboulder
communities
Confidence levels for calculating current BAP habitat extent
• A thought to be accurate to within plus or minus 25%;
• B thought to be accurate to within 50%; and
• est the best estimate.
Page 7
BAP Volume 4: Priority Project List for Cornwall
The following list of priority projects for Cornwall has been
established through a series of workshops and consultations
within the CBI. Below the projects have been split into three
distinct topics, geographically based area projects, species
projects and information gathering projects. Each project
needs to be developed by the identified lead organisations
and partners during the lifespan of this action plan. The
development phase of each project will include setting targets
for maintaining and restoring/expanding each BAP habitat
associated with that project. These individual project targets
will then contribute to the Local, Regional and National targets.
Previous and existing projects should not be forgotten
and should still be considered a valuable contribution to
biodiversity within Cornwall. Best practice can be gained from
these projects, for example a number of heathland projects
have occurred in Cornwall, Tomorrows Heathland Heritage,
Mid Cornwall Moors LIFE project and the HEATH project.
A report has been produced by the CBI, Measuring BAP
outcomes from landscape scale projects in Cornwall 10 which
highlight the contributions these projects have had in delivering
biodiversity targets.
Appendix 2 contains a table showing which projects
contribute to each BAP habitat and Appendix 3 shows the
lead organisations and partners.
Geographical
• All of the Coast
• Bodmin Moor Mires and Headwaters
• Camborne, Pool, Illogan and Redruth
• China Clay Area
• Coast to Coast
• Cornwall’s Super Green Spine
• Culm Grassland
• Linking the Lizard
• Plymouth Green Infrastructure and Tamar
Valley Woods
• Truro Development – Growth Point
• Wild Penwith
Species
• Cetacean BAP Species
• Invasive Species
Information gathering
• Connectivity
• Mapping BAP Habitats
• Marine Atlas
• Marine Habitat (Biotope) Mapping
• Orchards
10 www. cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/bap
Page 8
Mapping
The projects which are being delivered in a specific geographical
area of Cornwall have been mapped, the projects not mapped
are ones that are Cornwall wide or not appropriate for
mapping.
The boundaries shown on the map do not represent a
statutory designation; they are simply project areas where
there are considered to be opportunities to make positive
changes for biodiversity.
The boundaries mainly follow the South West Nature Map
or Landscape Character Areas. The South West Nature Map
shows the priority areas (Strategic Nature Areas (SNA’s)) to
maintain and expand terrestrial wildlife habitats at a landscape
scale across the South West. The map is a biodiversity
opportunity map and no constraints or obligations are placed
on land within the SNA’s, other than areas which already have a
statutory or local designation. Landscape Character Areas give
us an overview of how landscapes change across the county.
These are single, unique areas and form discrete geographical
areas of a specific landscape type.
White areas on the map are by no means areas where
conservation work is not necessary; these areas are relevant
to the non geographical projects such as mapping new BAP
habitats, and the invasive species project. Other areas, where
considered appropriate, will be addressed in future plans. The
areas of BAP habitats in these white areas should at least be
maintained and restoration/expansion should be encouraged
especially where linking to exisiting BAP habitats.
Page 9
Cornwall Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Project Areas 2010 -2015
Priority Project Areas
All of the Coast
Biotope Mapping
Culm
Grassland
Bodmin Moor Mires and Headwaters
Camborne Pool Illogan and Redruth
China Clay Area
Coast to Coast
Cornwall's Super Green Spine
Culm
All of the Coast
Cornwall's Super
Green Spine
Linking the Lizard
Plymouth GI and Tamar Valley Woods
Truro Develpoment - Growth Point
Wild Penwith
Bodmin Moor
Mires and
Headwaters
Coast to Coast
Plymouth GI and
Tamar Valley Woods
Biotope Mapping
China Clay
Area
Truro Development
Growth Point
Camborne
Pool Illogan
and Redruth
Wild
Penwith
Linking the
Lizard
Page 10
All of the coast
Although an ambitious project to cover ‘all of the coast’ of
Cornwall, this has been identified as an important area for
biodiversity. There are already a lot of projects happening
along the coast, it is however unclear how this activity is
contributing to BAP targets. To link these current conservation
projects and to improve the monitoring could have huge social,
economic and biodiversity gains for Cornwall.
The large project area is based on the coastal Strategic Nature
Area, and will require a multi disciplinary, varied approach
dependent on location. The focus of the project will be
to identify opportunities to link, buffer, or expand areas of
habitat which are currently protected by designation (SSSI,
SAC etc) or at locations vulnerable to fragmentation or loss.
The project will aim to work alongside or fill in the gaps of
existing conservation projects/partnerships to ensure there
is no duplication of effort to benefit this nationally important
landscape. A huge amount of work has been done already in
terms of restoring neglected cliff-land habitats and encouraging
reversion of cliff-tops, much of it on NT land with agrienvironment
scheme funding. This includes initiatives such
as the Chough Partnership and the Atlantic Coasts & Valley
Project.
The first stage of this project will be a mapping exercise.
Delivery will be via farmer advice, agri environment scheme
targeting, RSPB projects and involvement of local landowners
and communities. Through improving the quality of a range
of BAP habitat types, and by establishing ecological networks
between these priority habitats, the project aims to develop
an ecologically resilient and varied landscape. The project will
work to conserve and enhance habitat and species viability,
both as a prerequisite to long-term survival, and also to
ensure that species can shift and follow their necessary climate
space. Re-creation of BAP habitat behind the coast will enable
roll back as the coast erodes through predicted increased
storminess and sea level rise and has the potential to improve
carbon storage in these soils.
The main lead organisations will be the RSPB and Natural
England, with the National Trust and Cornwall Wildlife Trust
identified as partners. Meetings have been held to develop this
project further and to identify partnership work areas that
would support all projects and facilitate delivery.
Key BAP habitats:
• Maritime Cliff and Slopes
• Coastal Sand Dunes
• Lowland Heathland
• Arable Field Margins
• Lowland Dry Acid Grassland
• Lowland Calcareous Grassland
• Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh
• Coastal Saltmarsh
• Intertidal Mudflats
• Coastal Vegetated Shingle
• Saline Lagoons
• Reedbeds
Key BAP species include:
• Birds – aquatic warbler, corn bunting, cirl bunting, hen harrier
(wintering), house sparrow, nightjar, linnet, reed bunting,
skylark, yellowhammer, herring gull, bittern, black-tailed
godwit, balearic shearwater, roseate tern.
• Butterflies - small-pearl-bordered fritillary, large blue, silver
studded blue, grayling
• Vascular plants - early meadow grass, perennial century,
slender birdsfoot trefoil, western ramping fumitory, smallflowered
catchfly, wild asparagus, pale dog-violet
• Lower plants - golden-haired lichen, pitted frillwort
• Bees - brown-banded carder bee, shrill-carder bee, longhorned
bee
• Beetles - black oil beetle and violet oil beetle
• Flies - hornet robberfly
Coast near St Agnes. Photo By Sheila McCann-Downes
Page 11
Bodmin Moor Mires and Headwaters
Bodmin Moor is a key landscape area for biodiversity in
Cornwall; the aim of this project is to provide a landscape scale
approach which will help to connect all the previous projects
and conservation efforts within the Bodmin Moor Landscape
Character Area. Agri environment schemes will be utilised
to encourage farmers and commoners to manage land with
biodiversity and economic gain. Recreation, education and
sustainability will also be a focus for the project.
Through improving the quality of a range of BAP habitat types,
and by establishing ecological networks between these priority
habitats, the project will develop an ecologically resilient and
varied landscape. The project will work to conserve and
enhance habitat and species viability, and also to ensure that
species can shift in the face of climate change.
South West Water is introducing a new scheme aimed at
‘rewetting’ Bodmin Moor to protect water resources for
Cornwall. The scheme, called Upstream Thinking, encourages
the upland moors to act as a 'sponge' during severe weather
events, reducing the impact of storms further downstream.
The natural filtering effect also has the benefit of delivering
cleaner raw water to water treatment works and reservoirs.
This partnership approach to catchment restoration will not
only deliver clean raw water but also many ancillary benefits
for society and nature.
The Bodmin Moor Vision is a joint agreement between
agencies to ensure that landowners receive consistent advice
across all of the unenclosed land on Bodmin Moor, it also
aspires to reconnect all the communities that use the moor.
A map has been produced showing the broad vegetation
zones to aim for in the long term; it also highlights the historic
resource on the moor.
The lead organisations are Natural England and South West
Water, with Cornwall Wildlife Trust, RSPB and the AONB unit
identified as partners.
Key BAP habitats:
• Lowland Heathland
• Upland Heathland
• Purple Moor Grass and Rush Pasture
• Lowland Dry Acid Grassland
• Lowland Fens
• Wet Woodland
• Blanket Bog
• Ponds
• Rivers
Key BAP species include:
• Marsh fritillary
• Narrow boarded bee hawk moth
• Otter
• Greater and lesser horseshoe bats
• Salmon
• Curlew
• Reed bunting
• Grasshopper warbler
• Willow tit
Cheesewring. Photo by Jason Smith
Page 12
Camborne Pool Illogan Redruth
This area is targeted for massive urban expansion but differs
from other growth points and identified Green Infrastructure
areas in that there is very little BAP habitat or even seminatural
habitat currently mapped within the urban framework.
There are extensive areas of the new BAP Open Mosaic
Habitat on Previously Developed Land but this is yet to be
mapped and the extent calculated. There are also some high
value habitats nearby such as Carn Brea County Wildlife Site,
Red River Local Nature Reserve and the West Cornwall
Bryophytes SSSI.
Two documents have been submitted to Cornwall Council for
formal approval as Council policy; The Tuckingmill Framework
and the Dudnance Lane and South Crofty Framework. The
frameworks set out details regarding the future development
of two large brownfield sites in the Camborne, Pool, Illogan and
Redruth area; including proposals for new road infrastructure,
green infrastructure, and a new and extended residential
community with local facilities. The Dudnance Lane and
South Crofty Framework also presents proposals for a new
working mine and commercial and leisure development.
Any development planning will need to consider offsite
compensation which is essential to follow the guidance of PPS9.
Cornwall Wildlife Trust is in the process of developing and
seeking funding for a wildlife gardening and community
engagement project in this area. The project seeks to work
with local communities in the CPIR area to create a wildlife
network comprising green spaces and gardens that will provide
gains for communities, including health benefits and enable
wildlife to adapt to a changing climate. The project proposals
have been written up and funding is currently being sourced.
The lead organisations are Cornwall Wildlife Trust, Cornwall
Council and Natural England,with the Environment Agency and
FWAG identified as partners.
Key BAP habitats:
• Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
• Hedgerows
• Lowland Heathland
Key BAP species:
Species of conservation concern within the area include
western and purple ramping fumitory; these have specialist
requirements which could technically be supported by
development. There are also other under recorded species
such as:
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Bats
• Otter
• Song thrush
• House sparrow
• Hedgehog
Hedgehog. Photo by Richard Burkmar
Page 13
China Clay Area
The aim of this area of work is to take advantage of a once in
a lifetime opportunity to create an Eco-community that will
deliver radical change for the Clay Area in mid Cornwall, and
open up a bright new future for all. Building on the recent
success of the ‘Tomorrow’s Heathland Heritge’ and the ‘China
Clay Woodlands Project’ the aim for the St Austell Clay
Country area is: “To create a sustainable community that builds
on the strengths of the area to ensure a more prosperous and
sustainable future”.
Based on disused clay extraction sites careful redevelopment
aims to build a thriving rural community. This aims to
bring benefits to all stakeholders through the creation of a
strong economy and a sustainable restored environment. The
development will encourage inward investment opportunities
to maximise social and economic growth and environmental
management, and facilitate a more prosperous and sustainable
future for the Clay Country communities.
The St Austell Clay Country Eco-community spans five sites,
over approximately 700ha of former minerals land within the
Clay area. The six sites are: Baal and West Carclaze, Par Docks,
Blackpool, Goonbarrow, Drinnick and Nanpean. At the 6 sites,
new developments are proposed that will include new housing,
employment, leisure, community and transport infrastructure
and facilities, all within close walking distance of existing
local settlements, designed to achieve exemplar sustainability
standards.
An Eco-community should demonstrate a net gain in
Ecosystems and Ecosystem services, including local biodiversity.
A strategy for conserving and enhancing local biodiversity
will be produced to accompany planning applications for
the Eco-community. For the purpose of this project the
China Clay Mining and the Goss and Red Moor Landscape
Character Areas have been used as boundaries and it is the
aim that biodiversity gain should occur in these areas. Work
can continue on from previous projects such as ‘Tomorrow’s
Heathland Heritage’ and the ‘China Clay Woodland Planting’ to
ensure current management of these sites and to fund further
habitat creation. A full target species list will be drawn up and
considered within management plans.
Community engagement is a key element of this project to
generate opportunities to create and maintain green spaces
and access to nature.
Lead organisations are Ecobos, Natural England, with the
Environment Agency, Cornwall Wildlife Trust, RSPB, Forestry
Commission, Cornwall Council, Eden Project and the China
Clay Local Action Group identified as partners.
Key BAP Habitats:
• Lowland Heathland
• Woodland – Upland Oakwood, Upland mixed Ashwood,
Wet Woodland, Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
• Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
Key BAP species groups:
• Mammals – otter, dormouse, pipistrelle, greater horseshoe,
lesser horseshoe
• Birds – skylark, bittern, nightjar, willow tit, linnet, reed bunting,
woodlark, spotted flycatcher, bullfinch, song thrush, curlew
• Butterflies - pearl-bordered fritillary, marsh fritillary, silverstudded
blue, dingy skipper
• Moths - narrow-bordered bee hawk, waved carpet, double
line
• Vascular plants - vigur's eyebright, western ramping-fumitory,
marsh clubmoss, pennyroyal, pillwort, three-lobed watercrowfoot
• Lower plants – western rustwort
China clay area. Photo by Cornwall Council Historic Environment Service
Page 14
Coast to Coast
This will involve creating a living landscape/wildlife network to
link the two coasts of Cornwall, from Padstow through the
Camel valley, into the Fowey valley and then splitting to take
in both Fowey and the Looe valley. The lower Fowey valley
section of the project area is currently being worked up as a
project, see detail below. Other project areas will need to be
identified during the course of this plan.
Lower Fowey Valley
The lower Fowey River valley system features a network
of historic parklands, ancient woodlands, wood pasture, and
veteran trees in the wider landscape. A number of sites within
this network are known to be of international or national
importance for their epiphytic lichen flora and, at very least,
of regional importance for their saproxylic (dead wood)
invertebrates. However, data on the invertebrate interest
of the site network remains limited, and information on the
status and distribution of lichens outside of the Lanhydrock
and Boconnoc Estates needs updating. Without better baseline
information the biodiversity interests of the sites are unlikely
to be fully accounted for in management plans at both a site
and landscape scale.
Funding is currently being sought to:
• Conduct new surveys for saproxylic invertebrates and
epiphytic lichens, and reassess the significance of assemblages
of these groups at a regional and national scale.
• assess habitat quality and connectivity
• assess the role of the site network in conserving the
deadwood and veteran tree biodiversity at a landscape scale
• produce site management guidance and a landscape-scale
conservation strategy which will contribute to delivery of
targets for UKBAP priority species and habitats
• Communicate with stakeholders and raise the profile of the
habitat and its biodiversity to the public.
The lead organisations for the lower Fowey Valley project are
Buglife and the National Trust. Other project areas should be
lead by Natural England and Cornwall Wildlife Trust with the
Highways Agency, local Voluntary Marine Conservation Zones
(VMCAs) and Westcountry Rivers Trust identified as potential
partners.
Key BAP habitats:
• Wood-Pasture and Parkland
• Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
• Wet Woodland
• Hedgerows
Key BAP species:
Invertebrates: A large number of deadwood invertebrates
will benefit, many of which are rare or scarce (14NS, 2 RDB
known) however are not recognised as BAP priority species.
• Carabus intricatus (Blue ground beetle)
Lichens: 7 UK BAP Priority species have been recorded from
within the NT’s Landhydrock Estate:
• Arthonia invadens
• Bacidia incompta
• Lecania chlorotiza
• Melaspilea lentigosa
• Porina hibernica
• Usnea articulate
• Usnea florida
Mammals: although not a focus of the project many species of
bats will benefit:
Blue ground beetle. Photo by John Walters
Page 15
Cornwall’s Super Green Spine (SGS)
The project aims to establish a permeable corridor for wildlife
along the spine of Cornwall, linking Land’s End to the Tamar
valley, and beyond. Loosely based on the route of the A30
trunk road, a 4 km wide corridor would link all the significant
river catchments in the county, providing new opportunities
for wildlife to move east-west along the SGS as well as
north-south along the river corridors. The corridor would be
characterised by BAP habitats typical of Cornwall’s farmed
landscape, including heathland, low input neutral grasslands,
purple moor grass pastures, wet woodland, upland unimproved
acid grassland, mires and sand dunes.
The project would be delivered in the main by the appropriate
targeting of Environment Stewardship agreements. The
project would run over a 3 year timeframe aiming to have
90% of agricultural holdings within the SGS corridor in
agri environment schemes (or alternative), and for these
management agreements to include management options
aimed at delivering:
• a more permeable landscape for wildlife
• all BAP habitats present to be under appropriate
management
• opportunities identified and realised for the recreation of
appropriate BAP habitats.
The project is currently in the planning stage. The lead
organisations in this proposed project are likely to be
land managers, Cornwall Council and Natural England with
Cornwall Wildlife Trust and FWAG identified as potential
partners.
Key BAP habitats:
• Lowland Heathland
• Lowland Calcareous Grassland
• Lowland Dry Acid Grassland
• Purple Moor Grass Pastures
• Wet Woodland
• Upland Flushes, Fens and Swamps
• Coastal Sand Dunes
Key BAP Species:
• Marsh fritillary
• Otter
• Dormouse
• Adder
• Curlew
• Willow tit
Goss Moor. Photo by Wesley Smyth
Page 16
Culm grassland
Culm grasslands are internationally important - they are home
to some of the nation’s most threatened wildlife, such as the
marsh fritillary butterfly and the narrow-bordered bee hawkmoth.
Culm serves other important functions like reducing
pollution in watercourses by acting as a buffer from more
intensive agriculture upstream. The impacts of unseasonably
high rainfall are reduced as the land acts like a sponge,
absorbing high levels of rainfall and then slowly releasing the
water during periods of drought.
One of the main threats to Culm wildlife is habitat fragmentation.
Sites are often very small and widely spaced, which leaves
species requiring Culm for their survival in a risky position.
There have been huge losses of Culm grassland in the last
hundred years. Over 50% was lost during the late 1980s
and early 1990s due to the effects of poorly targeted farm
subsidy which indirectly encouraged farmers to plough these
grasslands to plant crops. Only 10% of the resource present in
1900 still survives.
Through the Working Wetlands project, Devon and Cornwall
Wildlife Trusts are helping landowners carry out targeted
habitat management, creation and restoration projects. The
result will be better linked areas of Culm grasslands in the
wider landscape. Delivery methods include land management
advice, training events, restoration demonstration sites,
establishing grazing networks, machinery rings, parish audits
and a lot of practical, on the ground work. The project also
takes an ecosystem scale approach that will deliver a wide
range of public goods (ecosystem services). For example, the
restoration and creation of wet grassland will help to retain
water during periods of high rainfall, releasing the water slowly.
This will help to regulate river flows and reduce the likelihood
of flooding. It will also positively impact on water quality.
Lead delivery organisations are Devon and Cornwall Wildlife
Trusts. Identified partners include Natural England, South West
Water, Environment Agency, Devon County Council, Butterfly
Conservation.
Key BAP habitats:
• Native woodland (inc. Lowland Mixed Deciduous
Woodland, Wet woodland, Upland Oak Woodland)
• Lowland Meadows
• Purple Moor Grass and Rush Pasture
• Hedgerows
• Rivers
Key BAP species:
• Small pearl bordered fritillary
• Marsh fritillary
• Brown hairstreak
• Wood white
• Dingy skipper
• Narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth
• Atlantic salmon
• Freshwater pearl mussel
• Curlew
• Willow tit
Mire and wet heath. Photo by Liz Cox
Page 17
Linking The Lizard
The Lizard Peninsula, the most southerly part of the British
mainland, is a place apart, where a combination of the mild
maritime climate and complex and unique geology has
produced an area with a distinctive character. It includes some
habitats and species which are confined solely to The Lizard,
and others which are extremely rare nationally.
Whilst much of this natural and historic heritage still remains,
some elements of the peninsula’s environmental interest
have been lost or degraded in the past through inappropriate
development, agricultural improvement and drainage, or
through changes in management and scrub invasion. Also, as
the climate continues to warm, maybe by as much as +2 o C by
2050 11 , the best prospect for maintaining assets such as wildlife
and resources on which we all depend, is by working at the
larger scale rather than simply managing small sites in isolation
from each other.
The main aims of the project are
• To restore, link, and extend the area of wildlife habitat
across The Lizard, to safeguard and enhance its position
as one of the most important wildlife areas in the country.
• To enhance access in many forms and enjoyment of the
outdoors for all, the local community and visitors
• To encourage involvement of local people in all aspects of
the project.
• To promote farming and land management on the
peninsula which provides clean water and conserves
healthy soils.
• To conserve, enhance and interpret the distinctive
landscape and rich cultural heritage of the Lizard AONB.
• To support activity that benefits the local rural economy.
• To improve resilience to climate change impacts, and
promote carbon storage in soils and vegetation.
Cornwall Wildlife Trust, the National Trust and Natural England
are already working together. It is now intended to approach
the National Farmers Union and AONB team as natural
partners with a direct interest to join the Working Group. A
wide range of other organisations and individuals will also be
invited to get involved if they wish as the project develops.
Key BAP Habitats:
• Maritime Cliff and Slopes
• Lowland Heathland
• Arable Field Margins
• Ponds
• Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
Key BAP species:
• Wild asparagus
• Juniper
• Pygmy rush
• Pillwort
• Lizard crystalwort
• Butterflies
• Bats (greater and lesser horseshoe)
The Lizard. Photo by MOD
11 http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk
Page 18
Plymouth Green Infrastructure and Tamar Valley
Plymouth has an ambitious growth agenda, but it also has a
wealth of natural assets. 32% of the city is green space and it
is surrounded by three Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
(AONBs), Dartmoor National Park and a marine Special Area
of Conservation (of European importance). The Plymouth
Green Infrastructure (GI) Delivery Plan is a proactive response
to Plymouth's growth agenda, and will deliver a sustainable GI
Network. With funding for phase 2 it will provide a coordinated,
cross boundary approach to creating, managing and enhancing
the natural assets of Plymouth and the rural hinterland.
Green infrastructure provides many benefits for local people
including areas for exercise, relaxation and play, wildlife areas,
flood alleviation, food and fuel production and sustainable
transport links. Improving and protecting these assets is a key
aspect of planning and delivering Plymouth's growth agenda.
The Tamar Valley is a unique and significant landscape. Rich in
wildlife, industrial heritage, natural beauty and rare habitats, this
diverse landscape is defined and shaped by the rivers Tamar,
Tavy and Lynher, and by the human activity focussed around
them. Extensive areas of woodlands on ancient woodland sites
are found on the steep valley sides, and remnants of heathland
still persist on the granite ridge. Layers of history and human
exploitation of the land and its minerals have left a legacy
of unique habitats such as mine spoil, species-rich hedges,
old market gardens and orchards, each of which has its own
characteristic wildlife. The Tamar Valley Woodlands Project
will combine a number of existing and new initiatives to bring
under-managed woodlands and farm copses into management
for biodiversity and woodfuel. The work will be funded
through England Woodland Grant Scheme (EWGS), HLS and a
European Interreg Programme.
Lead Organisations: Plymouth City Council, Natural England,
Forestry Commission and the Tamar Valley AONB.
Key BAP habitats:
• Rivers
• Reedbeds
• Coastal Saltmarsh
• Maritime Cliff and Slope s
• Lowland Dry Acid Grassland
• Lowland Calcareous Grassland
• Arable Field Margins
• Ponds
• Hedgerows
• Wood-Pasture and Parkland
• Traditional Orchards
• Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
• Seagrass Beds
• Subtidal Sands and Gravels
• Blue Mussel Beds
• Estuarine Rocky Habitats
• Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal
Rocky Habitats
• Intertidal Underboulder Communities
• Sheltered Muddy Gravels
• Tide-swept Channels
Key BAP species:
• Bats, including greater and lesser horseshoe
• Dormouse
• Otter
• Cirl Bunting
• Nightjar
• Curlew
• Woodland birds - lesser spotted woodpecker, spotted
flycatcher, willow tit, marsh tit
• Heath fritillary
• Cnidarian species and seahorses
• Pink seafan
• Atlantic salmon
• Lamprey
• Allis shad
Bircham Valley. Photo by Jeremy Sabel
Page 19
Truro Development – Growth Point
Truro has become a natural focus for growth in Cornwall,
with sites like the Hospital and Truro College all adding to the
area to provide an economically vibrant city. The challenge for
Truro and its community is to manage growth in a way that
adds value to the city.
Truro and the surrounding landscape still support a wide
range of different green infrastructure which varies from
formal urban parks to Special Areas of Conservation (SAC’s)
of international importance. It is also known to support a wide
range of European protected species including dormice, otters
and at least 11 species of bats. The Truro and Threemilestone
area is one of several important areas of high biodiversity
value that radiate from Truro outwards. The river valleys and
Halbullock Moor Cornwall Wildlife Trust Reserve are also of
high value, and the unmapped hedgerow systems support good
areas of BAP habitat. These high-value habitats are connected
to other habitats of importance within the wider landscape
around Truro such as the estuarine SAC and Nansavallan
Woods.
It is key that the biodiversity value of this area is fully
recognised by strategic documents including a detailed Green
Infrastructure Strategy; which is being developed as part of
the City Framework for Truro and Threemilestone. The Truro
Green Infrastructure Strategy draft sets out the Council’s
aspirations to protect manage and improve the natural and
cultural environmental setting of Truro and Threemilestone as
growth occurs. It establishes a vision for how the City should
relate to its setting and describes how the main proposals of
the strategy can be delivered. The main delivery mechanism is
through the planning system both strategic and development.
It is essential that the principles of Planning Policy Statement
9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9) produce
good planning design which ensures the continued high
biodiversity value of the site, examples can be found in the
Biodiversity and Geological Conservation Planning Good
Practise Guidance for Cornwall (2007) 12 .
The lead organisations are Cornwall Council, Natural England,
Cornwall Wildlife Trust and the Environment Agency.
Key BAP habitats:
• Hedgerows
• Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
• Wet Woodland
• Wood-Pasture and Parkland
• Lowland Fens
Key BAP species:
• Bats
• Otters
• Hedgehog
• Dormouse
• House sparrow
• Slow worm
• Grass snake
• Adder
• Invertebrates
Coosebean. Photo by Steve Hartgroves, Cornwall Council Historic Environment Service
12 www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/conservation/Planning_advice_cornwall_wildlife
Page 20
Wild Penwith
The Wild Penwith project started in 2009 and is led by
Cornwall Wildlife Trust, the project aims to create a coast to
coast ‘Living Landscape’, with healthy, well connected wildlife
habitats. Granite moors dominate the centre, and to the north
a series of short, relatively steep river valleys pass through
medieval field systems to the coast. The landscape to the south
comprises a large number of gently sloping river-valley systems,
supporting nationally significant wetland and heathland habitats.
Penwith has an exceptionally rich historical landscape, with many
field systems of Bronze Age origin and a large concentration of
prehistoric ritual monuments.
The Wild Penwith project will achieve its goals by:
• Assessing the condition of BAP habitats, including heathland
and wetland habitats, and providing advice to landowners for
their positive management, restoration and reconnection.
• Securing long term management of BAP habitats through
working with Natural England and FWAG to encourage uptake
of agri-environment schemes. The majority of Environmentally
Sensitive Area schemes are due to expire in 2012. The need
to ensure the good work undertaken during the ESA scheme
is continued and built upon is one of the key drivers for this
project.
• Creating a system of healthy wetlands and watercourses for
wildlife and people. The project area includes Drift Reservoir
which is known to be affected by diffuse agricultural pollution.
Cornwall Wildlife Trust is working with the Environment
Agency and South West Water to monitor water quality, and
with FWAG to advise farmers on soil and nutrient management.
The project is also working with partners to deliver training
workshops, on issues such as soil and water management, to
enhance water quality throughout the catchment.
• Programme of community events and a weekly volunteer
group which carries out practical conservation tasks on both
farmland and nature reserves.
• Helping deliver recommendations for water quality and habitat
management through a small capital grant scheme.
• Working with conservation partners to deliver these goals
with a coordinated approach, avoiding any duplication of effort.
Lead organisations in this project are Cornwall Wildlife Trust,
FWAG, Natural England and the Environment Agency. The Wild
Penwith project is currently ongoing and is supported through
grant funding from the Tubney Charitable Trust, Countdown
2010 and South West Water.
BAP habitats:
• Wet Woodland
• Lowland Heathland
• Rivers
• Lowland Fen
Key BAP species:
• European nightjar
• Linnet
• Reed bunting
• Otter
• Brown/sea trout
• Purple ramping-fumitory
• Three-lobed water crowfoot
• Noctule bat
• Soprano pipistrelle bat
• Brown long-eared bat
• Greater horseshoe bat
Wild Penwith. Photo by Liz Cox
Page 21
Cetacean BAP species
This Cetacean Project will look at management measures and
activities to help protect the 15 cetacean species (dolphins,
porpoises and whales) on the current BAP list for Cornwall.
The seas around the south west are amongst the richest areas
for spectacular animals including whales and dolphins. There
are current projects which aim to monitor these species,
such as Seaquest Southwest 13 a marine recording project run
jointly by Cornwall and Devon Wildlife Trusts. Another ongoing
project run by Cornwall Wildlife Trust is the Seaquest Netsafe
Project, this gathers data on cetaceans which will help develop
strategies to protect them. Cornwall sadly receives the highest
numbers of dead dolphin strandings each year, in response
to this the Marine Strandings Network was set up to record
these animals and retrieve them for post mortem examination.
This BAP project aims to combine all the hard work which
is currently ongoing and will seek to combine all information
gathered. This will to help develop and implement management
measures and/or activities to conserve these cetaceans and the
ecosystem through working closely with the fisheries industry
and consumers. Key areas to focus on are summarised below:
• Inshore cetacean populations and cetacean bycatch around
Cornwall, through effort based sightings and underwater
acoustic monitoring at specific sites
• Data from stranded animals through the Marine Strandings
Network.
• Testing of bycatch mitigation measures with inshore netters
and promoting responsible fishing practices.
Lead organisations include Cornwall Wildlife Trust, Natural
England, Marine Management Organisation, Cornwall Inshore
Fisheries and Conservation Authority, and the commercial
fishing industry.
Key BAP species:
• Minke whale
• Sei whale
• Fin whale
• Common dolphin
• Long-finned pilot whale
• Risso's dolphin
• Atlantic white-sided dolphin
• White-beaked dolphin
• Sowerby`s beaked whale
• True`s beaked whale
• Killer whale
• Harbour porpoise
• Sperm whale
• Bottlenosed dolphin
• Cuvier's beaked whale
Dolphin watching. Photo by Joana Doyle
13 www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/conservation/living seas/Seaquest_southwest
Page 22
Invasive Species
Non-native invasive plant species are one of the greatest
threats to the environment and biodiversity. They are often
more vigorous than native species and lack natural pests
and diseases to keep them in check. The smallest fragment,
inadvertently spread, can cause an invasion. Invasive species
can act as vectors for new diseases, alter ecosystem processes,
change biodiversity, disrupt cultural landscapes, reduce the
value of land and water for human activities and cause other
socio-economic consequences.
Cornwall Knotweed forum formed in 1997 to co-ordinate
policy on the control of Japanese knotweed in Cornwall. The
Forum has produced a number of publications and guidance
notes, organised conferences and co-ordinated research
projects. It has developed a GIS survey recording system in
conjunction with the Botanical Society of the British Isles.
Cornwall is also currently pioneering work in the control of
invasive alien weeds such as Japanese Knotweed where a top
scientific research company has been contracted to examine
the weed and potential natural control methods. Other
terrestrial non native invasive species in the county include
himalayan balsam, hottentot fig, montbretia and giant hogweed.
Aquatic invasive plants in particular out-compete native plants
and can form dense mats choking up watercourses, increasing
the risk of flooding, deoxygenating water and limiting access.
Substantial amounts of money are spent annually managing
non-native invasive species on waterways, ponds and lakes.
ERCCIS are currently running POND CHECK 14 , which is a
free service to help pond owners identify potential problem
plants and provide advice on how to remove and carefully
dispose of them.
Rivers and river corridors are often a means of transport/
spread for terrestrial as well as aquatic invasive species,
therefore river basin or catchment scales plans should be
considered a minimum for control or monitoring.
ERCCIS and Cornwall Wildlife Trust are collaborating with
associated organisations, including the Marine Biological
Association, to uncover which invasive marine species have
already arrived in Cornwall and establish the ones that
pose a significant threat should they arrive. Dive surveys will
be undertaken in 2010 and 2011 in the Fal estuary, along
with monitoring of removable settlement panels situated in
surrounding marinas. Both native marine life and marine based
industries are under increasing pressure from the introduction
of non-native invasive marine species. They find their way into
our coastal waters through many pathways, once here, they
compete for resources such as space, light and food. In some
cases native wildlife can be prey for the new arrivals.
Lead organisations are Cornwall Council, ERCCIS and
Cornwall Wildlife Trust, Westcountry Rivers Trust, and
Cornwall Knotweed forum.
Key BAP habitats:
• Ponds
• Rivers
• Marine habitats
• Broad Leaved Mixed and Yew Woodlands
• Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh
• Saline Lagoons
Floating pennywort. Photo by Trevor Renals
14 www.erccis.co.uk/projects/investigate_invasives/pondcheck/
Page 23
Connectivity
Landscapes are, by definition, large on a spatial scale. They
contain many habitats and populations of many species of
conservation concern. Environmental stresses caused by the
fragmentation of habitats, changing climate and exploitation
by humans, mean that the Cornish landscape is composed of
increasingly fragmented and dwindling patches of habitat of
high conservation importance (e.g. lowland heathland, coastal
dune systems, broadleaf woodland, flower-rich meadows),
and isolated populations of endangered species (e.g. dormice,
marsh fritillaries, water crowfoot).
We require an understanding of how populations and
communities of organisms can move across our landscape,
in order to maintain viable populations and respond to
changing climates. Conservation of the Cornish landscape
must therefore consider the connectivity of this stressed
network of habitats and populations. This project would aim
to map our baseline understanding of ecological connections,
and barriers, between fragmented habitats and populations.
It would then analyse the spatial distribution of connections
and barriers, to help prioritise the creation or conservation of
wildlife corridors, mitigate against the future loss of important
connections, and identify levels of isolation of county wildlife
sites and other protected sites.
The first step in this project is a mapping exercise, which
should identify and superimpose networks of hedgerows,
footpaths, bridleways, rivers, roads and railways on maps of
priority BAP habitats and species distributions. Much of this
work can be achieved by collating established databases (e.g.
LandCover maps, footpath networks, roadmaps) held by
ERCCIS, Cornwall Council, Natural England, Environment
Agency, Highways Agency, and others. Spatial analysis of the
resulting network should engage academic support from the
University of Exeter.
This project is aspirational but highly deliverable. Several of
the baseline components already exist but should be shared
among agencies. The project would recommend improvements
to the ecological connectivity of the Cornish landscape, with
reference to current threats of habitat fragmentation and
degradation, and future threats imposed by predictions of
climate change. It will also ensure connectivity is maintained
under increasing development pressure by influencing Green
Infrastructure Strategies. Its resource requirement is mainly
the need for a centralised mapping database (to be held at
ERCCIS), and the cost of academic staff to analyse landscape
connectivity.
Lead organisations would be ERCCIS and the University of
Exeter with National Rail and Highways Agency identified as
additional partners.
Key BAP habitats:
• Hedgerows
• Rivers
• Woodland (all habitats)
• Lowland Meadows
Key BAP species:
• Dormouse
• Bats (all species)
• Grass snake
• Moths
Hedge patterns. Photo by Robert Walton
Page 24
Mapping BAP Habitats
Many of the original BAP habitats have been mapped by
ERCCIS based on aerial photographic data, giving us a rough
indication of where the BAP habitats occur and approximately
how much of the habitat is found in Cornwall. Without this
information it is very difficult to conserve or even maintain the
habitat. The area of the new BAP habitats, designated in 2007,
that exists in Cornwall will need to be calculated before we
can set habitat maintenance targets for the county. The main
areas of degraded habitat highlight where conservation efforts
should be focused.
The new BAP habitats and the habitats which are currently
not mapped for Cornwall include:
• Traditional Orchards
• Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
• Wood-Pasture and Parkland
• Standing Open Water:
Oligotrophic and Dystrophic Lakes
Mesotrophic Lakes
Eutrophic Standing Waters
• Ponds
• Rivers
• Calaminarian Grasslands
• Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
• Blue Mussel Beds
• Estuarine Rocky Habitats
• Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal
Rocky Habitats
• Intertidal Underboulder Communities
• Sabellaria Spinulosa Reefs
• Seagrass Beds
• Sheltered Muddy Gravels
• Tide-swept Channels
• Subtidal Sands and Gravels
• Maerl Beds
The lead organisation to take this work ahead would be
ERCCIS. This would primarily be a desk based study using
aerial photos and other GIS layers available from partners.
Some ground truthing surveys would also be needed.
Photo by Cornwall Council
Page 25
Marine Atlas
This broad project will map a large majority of the marine BAP
species. This will be a new desk based project which should
follow on from the Finding Sanctuary 15 process and will help to
raise the profile of the marine environment in Cornwall. This
will ensure that all the data gathered by Finding Sanctuary for
the Marine Conservation Zone process is passed to ERCCIS
and therefore useable by all conservation partners.
By having a distribution atlas of habitats and species there
will be greater knowledge of how climate change will have an
anticipated impact. Once this is established then adaptation
principles can be put into practice
Can be used for education, awareness raising and within the
various industries that use the sea, i.e. fisheries and recreational
The project and potential funding is at the 'wish list' stage,
Lead organisations would be ERCCIS, Cornwall Wildlife Trust,
Natural England and Finding Sanctuary
Key habitats:
• Seagrass Beds
• Maerl Beds
• Blue Mussel Beds
• Sabellaria Spinulosa Reefs
• Sabellaria Alveolata Reefs
• Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal
Rocky Habitats
Key species:
• Coral maerl
• Common maerl
• Fan mussel
• Stalked jellyfish
• Native oyster
• Pink seafan
• Sea-fan anemone
• Sunset cup coral
• Undulate ray
15 www.finding-sanctuary.org
Pink sea fan. Photo by Chris Bunney
Page 26
Marine habitat (Biotope) mapping
In order to properly manage and understand the wider marine
environment and ecosystem as a whole, it is first necessary
to have some knowledge of what constitutes the seabed and
what habitats and species are present in a given area. This
project aims to map the intertidal and subtidal habitats of
the coast of Cornwall. Initially the project will create a digital
marine habitat map covering the North coast of Cornwall
from mean high water to 6 nautical miles offshore with the
hope that this can be extended at a later date.
The mapping project will bring together a number of
organisations interested in gathering seabed habitat data in
Cornwall. The project will allow them to pool resources to
make the most of survey data already collected by converting
existing texture maps into useable habitat maps by overlaying
detailed species and habitat data. Further habitat data where
needed or where gaps are identified, particularly for intertidal
areas, will be collected to enable a continuous habitat map to
be produced from mean high water mark to the 6 nautical
mile limit.
Benthic (seabed) habitat mapping has become the principle
method for defining the distribution of seabed habitats, and
indicating or predicting the distribution of marine organisms
that are closely associated with these marine habitats. Rather
than mapping the distribution of the species themselves, benthic
habitat mapping uses remote sensing data to characterise wide
regions of the seafloor primarily based on the substrate and
geomorphology. This combined this with visual and sample
ground truthing surveys undertaken by divers match species
and biological communities with habitat characteristics. In the
intertidal zone there is no need for remotely sensed data as
habitats can be directly surveyed. Standard methodology for
such surveys has been developed by the Countryside Council
for Wales and is widely used in Wales and in parts of England
(Marine Monitoring Handbook, JNCC).
The project aims to combine expert identification and survey
skills and the latest in internet-based mapping technologies
to undertake and disseminate a comprehensive map of the
benthic marine biotopes (seashore and sea bed habitats and
their associated communities) on the key intertidal areas of
North Cornwall.
Lead organisations: Cornwall Wildlife Trust and the Marine
Management Organisation. Other partners are identified as
the Marine Coastal Agency, Channel Coastal Observatory,
Exeter University, Environmental Records Centre for Cornwall
and Isles of Scilly, Natural England, the Cornwall Inshore
Fisheries and Conservation Authority and KSARS LTD (marine
survey specialists).
Key BAP habitats:
• Sabellaria Alveolata Reefs
• Intertidal Mudflats
• Intertidal Underboulder Communities
• Sabellaria spinulosa Reefs
• Seagrass Beds
• Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on Subtidal
Rocky Habitats
• Blue Mussel Beds
• Maerl Beds
Key BAP species:
• Timid burrowing anemone
• Pink sea fan
• Sea-fan anemone
• Native oyster
• Fan mussel
Eelgrass. Photo by Paul Kay
Page 27
Orchards
The county once boasted extensive orchards, but these
have been reduced to small or isolated pockets of trees
hidden away; often neglected, unproductive and unprofitable.
Traditional orchards need management; a neglected orchard
soon becomes swamped with scrub and the trees will
eventually succumb. With no new planting, the orchard's
value for wildlife will not be sustained and if the trees are not
adequately cared for and protected from grazing animals, they
will suffer. An orchard that is well managed (in a low intensity
way) will both crop well and function as an important wildlife
habitat.
Traditional orchards are hotspots for biodiversity in the
countryside, supporting a wide range of wildlife and containing
other BAP priority habitats and species, as well as an array of
Nationally Rare and Nationally Scarce species 16 .
A Traditional Orchard Survey, part-funded by Natural England
and the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, is currently ongoing and
aims to locate and map the remaining traditional orchards
within Cornwall. Once traditional orchards within the county
have been mapped, the inventory will provide a valuable
resource to be used by conservationists and orchard groups
to ensure there is no net loss of this valuable habitat. With
correct management advice the condition of many orchards
can be improved and suitable areas for expansion identified.
Sustainable economic management should be considered and
links with producers, large and small should be investigated.
It is anticipated that agri-environment schemes will be the key
mechanism for delivery of this habitat.
Lead organisations: Natural England and Cornwall Council
Key BAP habitats:
• Orchards
• Hedgerows
• Wood-Pasture and Parkland
Key BAP species:
• Bats
• Birds
• Violet oil beetle
• String-of-sausages lichen
• Goat moth
• Pearl-bordered fritillary
• Common lizard
• grass snake
• slow-worm
Photo by Bill Bradshaw
16 Nationally rare - Occurring in 15 or fewer hectads in Great Britain. Nationally scarce - Occurring in 16-100 hectads in Great Britain
Page 28
Species recovery programme
This BAP Volume 4 is focussed on landscape-scale projects.
For species conservation to be effectively integrated into this
habitat-based approach we need to place greater emphasis
on creating the component niches and resources required by
the majority of BAP species, rather than simply managing the
habitats generically.
Inevitably there will always be some important species work
that cannot be carried out through habitat-based management
or other delivery mechanisms; this will therefore require
targeted species recovery work. As the lead delivery body for
the England Biodiversity Strategy, Natural England will work
with partners to agree a National five year prioritised species
recovery programme for each taxonomic group. This will have
SMART targets and agreed accountabilities to deliver the most
urgent actions.
Once this prioritised programme has been produced (due in
2011), it should be included within this document and where
appropriate local projects should be developed to achieve the
urgent species-focussed activities that cannot be met by the
landscape scale approach.
Triangular club rush. Photo by Environment Agency
Crayfish. Photo by Roy Restell
Page 29
References
BRERC (2006) Review of South West Biodiversity Targets. A report for the South West Regional Biodiversity Partnership
Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative (CBI) (2008), Cornwall’s Biodiversity Initiative - Progress Review
Cornwall Biodiversity Initiative (CBI) (2008) Measuring BAP outcomes from landscape scale
projects in Cornwall
Cornwall Wildlife Trust and ERCCIS (2007), Biodiversity and Geological Conservation Planning Good Practise Guidance for
Cornwall.
Davies, J., Baxter, J., Bradley, M., Connor, D., Khan, J., Murray, E., Sanderson, W., Turnbull, C. & Vincent, M., (2001), Marine Monitoring
Handbook
England Biodiversity Group (2008) Securing Biodiversity: A new framework for delivering priority habitats and species in England.
Natural England, Sheffield
ERCCIS and Cornwall Wildlife Trust (2010) Cornwall's Land Cover 1995-2005: Summary report
JNCC [Joint Nature Conservation Committee] (2007) UK List of Priority Habitats and Species.
Lawton, J.H., Brotherton, P.N.M., Brown, V.K., Elphick, C., Fitter, A.H., Forshaw, J., Haddow, R.W., Hilborne, S., Leafe, R.N., Mace, G.M.,
Southgate, M.P., Sutherland, W.J., Tew, T.E., Varley, J., & Wynne, G.R. (2010) Making Space for Nature: a review of England’s wildlife
sites and ecological network. Report to Defra.
Planning policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9) (August 2005)
UK Biodiversity Partnership (2007) Conserving biodiversity – the UK approach. Defra
Davies, J., Baxter, J., Bradley, M., Connor, D., Khan, J., Murray, E., Sanderson, W., Turnbull, C. & Vincent, M., (2001), Marine Monitoring
Handbook, JNCC
Page 30
APPENDICES
See www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/bap
Appendix 1
HABITAT LIST
Broad Habitat
Acid grassland
Arable and horticulture
Bogs
Boundary & Linear Features
Broadleaved, Mixed and Yew Woodland
Calcareous Grassland
Dwarf Shrub Heath
Fen, Marsh and Swamp
Improved Grassland
Inland rock
Littoral rock
Littoral sediment
Neutral Grassland
Rivers and Streams
Standing Open Water and Canals
Sublittoral rock
Sublittoral sediment
Supralittoral Rock
Supralittoral Sediment
Priority Habitat
Lowland dry acid grassland
Arable field margins
Blanket bog
Hedgerows
Traditional orchards
Wood-pasture and parkland
Upland oakwood
Upland mixed ashwoods
Wet woodland
Lowland mixed deciduous woodland
Lowland calcareous grassland
Lowland heathland
Upland heathland
Purple moor-grass and rush pastures
Lowland fens
Reedbeds
Upland flushes, fens and swamps
Coastal and floodplain grazing marsh
Calaminarian grasslands
Open mosaic habitats on previously developed land
Estuarine rocky habitats
Intertidal underboulder communities
Sabellaria alveolata reefs
Coastal saltmarsh
Intertidal mudflats
Seagrass beds
Sheltered muddy gravels
Lowland meadows
Rivers
Eutrophic standing waters
Mesotrophic lakes
Oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes
Ponds
Fragile sponge and anthozoan communities on subtidal rocky habitats
Tide-swept channels
Sabellaria spinulosa reefs
Subtidal sands and gravels
Maërl beds
Blue mussel beds
Saline lagoons
Maritime cliff and slopes
Coastal sand dunes
Coastal vegetated shingle
Page 31
SPECIES LIST
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES
Fungus Cantharellus friesii Orange Chanterelle
Cotylidia pannosa
Wooly Rosette
Entoloma bloxamii
Big Blue Pinkgill
Geastrum minimum
Tiny Earthstar
Geoglossum atropurpureum
Dark-purple Earthtongue
Hydnellum concrescens
A Tooth Fungus
Hydnellum ferrugineum
A Tooth Fungus
Hydnellum spongiosipes
Velvet Tooth
Hygrocybe spadicea
Date-Coloured Waxcap
Hypocreopsis rhododendri
Hazel Gloves
Microglossum olivaceum
Earth-Tongue
Phellodon confluens
Fused Tooth
Phellodon melaleucus
Grey Tooth
Podoscypha multizonata
Zoned Rosette
Sarcodon squamosus
Scaly Tooth
Sarcodontia crocea
Orchard Tooth
Lichen Acarospora subrufula A Lichen
Anaptychia ciliaris ciliaris
A Lichen
Arthonia anglica
A Lichen
Arthonia atlantica
A Lichen
Arthonia invadens
A Lichen
Bacidia incompta
A Lichen
Blarneya hibernica
A Lichen
Caloplaca aractina
A Lichen
Cladonia mediterranea
Reindeer Lichen
Collema latzelii
A Lichen
Cryptolechia carneolutea
A Lichen
Enterographa sorediata
A Lichen
Fulgensia fulgens
A Lichen
Graphina pauciloculata
A Lichen
Heterodermia leucomela
Ciliate Strap-Lichen
Heterodermia speciosa
A Lichen
Lecania chlorotiza
A Lichen
Lecanographa amylacea
A Lichen
Lecidea erythrophaea
A Lichen
Leptogium cochleatum
A Lichen
Megalospora tuberculosa
A Lichen
Melaspilea lentiginosa
A Lichen
Opegrapha prosodea
A Lichen
Parmotrema robustum
A Lichen
Page 32
Physcia tribacioides
Porina hibernica
Porina sudetica
Pyrenula nitida
Ramonia dictyospora
Solenopsora liparina
Teloschistes flavicans
Usnea articulata
Usnea florida
Wadeana dendrographa
Southern Grey Physcia
A Lichen
A Lichen
A Lichen
A Lichen
Serpentine Solenopsora
Golden Hair Lichen
A Lichen
A Lichen
A Lichen
Bryophyte Cephaloziella calyculata Entire Threadwort
Cephaloziella dentata
Toothed Threadwort
Cephaloziella integerrima
Lobed Threadwort
Cephaloziella nicholsonii
Greater Copperwort
Cryphaea lamyana
Multi-fruited River Moss
Cyclodictyon laetevirens
Bright-green Cave-moss
Ditrichum cornubicum
Cornish Path Moss
Ditrichum plumbicola
Lead-moss
Ditrichum subulatum
Awl-leaved Ditrichum
Dumortiera hirsuta
Dumortier`s Liverwort
Fissidens curvatus
Portuguese Pocket-moss
Fissidens serrulatus
Large Atlantic Pocket-moss
Fossombronia foveolata
Pitted Frillwort
Grimmia crinita
Hedgehog Grimmia
Jamesoniella undulifolia
Marsh Earwort
Lejeunea mandonii
Atlantic Lejeunea
Leptodontium gemmascens
Thatch Moss
Marsupella profunda
Western Rustwort
Petalophyllum ralfsii
Petalwort
Riccia bifurca
Lizard Crystalwort
Riccia nigrella
Black Crystalwort
Scopelophila cataractae
Tongue-leaf Copper-moss
Telaranea nematodes
Irish Threadwort
Tortula cuneifolia
Wedge-leaved Screw-moss
Tortula wilsonii
Wilson`s Pottia
Weissia multicapsularis
A Moss
Stonewort Chara canescens Bearded Stonewort
Vascular Plant Adonis annua
Asparagus prostratus
Blysmus compressus
Bupleurum rotundifolium
Carex divisa
Centaurea calcitrapa
Centaurea cyanus
Pheasants-eye
Wild Asparagus
Flat-sedge
Thorow-wax
Divided Sedge
Red Star-thistle
Cornflower
Page 33
Chamaemelum nobile
Cicendia filiformis
Clinopodium acinos
Coeloglossum viride
Corrigiola litoralis
Dianthus armeria
Eryngium campestre
Euphrasia anglica
Euphrasia vigursii
Fumaria purpurea
Galeopsis angustifolia
Gentianella anglica
Gentianella campestris
Hordeum marinum
Illecebrum verticillatum
Juncus pygmaeus
Juniperus communis hemisphaerica
Lactuca saligna
Lobelia urens
Lolium temulentum
Lycopodiella inundata
Melittis melissophyllum
Mentha pulegium
Minuartia hybrida
Monotropa hypopitys
Muscari neglectum
Oenanthe fistulosa
Pilularia globulifera
Platanthera bifolia
Puccinellia fasciculata
Pyrus cordata
Ranunculus arvensis
Ranunculus tripartitus
Rumex rupestris
Salsola kali kali
Scandix pecten-veneris
Schoenoplectus triqueter
Scleranthus annuus
Silene gallica
Valerianella rimosa
Viola lactea
Chamomile
Yellow Centaury
Basil Thyme
Frog Orchid
Strapwort
Deptford Pink
Field Eryngo
Glandular Eyebright
An Eyebright
Purple Ramping-fumitory
Red Hemp-nettle
Early Gentian
Field Gentian
Sea Barley
Coral-necklace
Pygmy Rush
A Juniper
Least Lettuce
Heath Lobelia
Darnel
Marsh Clubmoss
Bastard Balm
Pennyroyal
Fine-leaved Sandwort
Yellow Bird`s-nest
Grape-hyacinth
Tubular Water-dropwort
Pillwort
Lesser Butterfly-orchid
Borrer`s Saltmarsh-grass
Plymouth Pear
Corn Buttercup
Three-lobed Water-crowfoot
Shore Dock
Prickly Saltwort
Shepherd’s Needle
Triangular Club-rush
Annual Knawel
Small-flowered Catchfly
Broad-Fruited Corn Salad
Pale Dog-violet
Mollusc Margaritifera margaritifera Freshwater Pearl Mussel
Omphiscola glabra
Mud Snail
Truncatellina cylindrica
Cylindrical Whorl Snail
Vertigo moulinsiana
Desmoulin's Whorl Snail
Page 34
Spider Agroeca cuprea Golden Lantern-spider
Centromerus serratus
A Money Spider
Dictyna pusilla
Small Mesh-weaver
Dipoena inornata
Silky Gallows-spider
Eresus sandaliatus
Ladybird Spider
Haplodrassus dalmatensis
Heath Grasper
Meioneta mollis
Thin Weblet
Monocephalus castaneipes
Broad Groove-head Spider
Sitticus caricis
Sedge Jumper
Tapinocyba mitis
Gentle Groove-head Spider
Beetle Agabus brunneus Sharp's Diving Beetle
Carabus intricatus
Blue Ground Beetle
Harpalus melancholicus
A Seed-eater Ground Beetle
Hydrochus nitidicollis
Gravel Water Beetle
Melanapion minimum
Sallow Guest Weevil
Meloe proscarabaeus
Black Oil Beetle
Meloe violaceus
Violet Oil Beetle
Pogonus luridipennis
Yellow Pogonus
Fly Asilus crabroniformis Hornet Robberfly
Eristalis cryptarum
Bog Hoverfly
Lipsothrix nervosa
Southern Yellow Splinter
Salticella fasciata
Dune Snail-killing Fly
Bee Bombus humilis Brown-Banded Carder Bee
Bombus muscorum
Moss Carder Bee
Bombus sylvarum
Shrill Carder Bee
Eucera longicornis
Long-horned Bee
Wasp Cerceris quinquefasciata 5-Banded Tailed Digger Wasp
Butterfly Argynnis adippe High Brown Fritillary
Boloria euphrosyne
Pearl-bordered Fritillary
Boloria selene
Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary
Coenonympha pamphilus
Small Heath
Erynnis tages
Dingy Skipper
Euphydryas aurinia
Marsh Fritillary
Hipparchia semele
Grayling
Lasiommata megera
Wall
Leptidea sinapis
Wood White
Limenitis camilla
White Admiral
Maculinea arion
Large Blue Butterfly
Melitaea athalia
Heath Fritillary
Plebejus argus
Silver-studded Blue
Page 35
Pyrgus malvae
Satyrium w-album
Thecla betulae
Grizzled Skipper
White Letter Hairstreak
Brown Hairstreak
Moth Acronicta psi Grey Dagger
Acronicta rumicis
Knot Grass
Agrochola helvola
Flounced Chestnut
Agrochola lychnidis
Beaded Chestnut
Allophyes oxyacanthae
Green-brindled Crescent
Amphipoea oculea
Ear Moth
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Mouse Moth
Apamea anceps
Large Nutmeg
Apamea remissa
Dusky Brocade
Aporophyla lutulenta
Deep-brown Dart
Arctia caja
Garden Tiger
Atethmia centrago
Centre-barred Sallow
Brachylomia viminalis
Minor Shoulder Knot
Caradrina morpheus
Mottled Rustic
Celaena haworthii
Haworth's Minor
Celaena leucostigma
Crescent
Chesias legatella
Streak
Chesias rufata
Broom-tip
Cosmia diffinis
White-Spotted Pinion
Cossus cossus
Goat Moth
Cyclophora porata
False Mocha
Dasypolia templi
Brindled Ochre
Diarsia rubi
Small Square-spot
Ecliptopera silaceata
Small Pheonix
Ennomos erosaria
September Thorn
Ennomos fuscantaria
Dusky Thorn
Ennomos quercinaria
August Thorn
Epirrhoe galiata
Galium Carpet
Eugnorisma glareosa
Autumnal Rustic
Eulithis mellinata
Spinach
Euxoa nigricans
Garden Dart
Euxoa tritici
White-line Dart
Hemaris tityus
Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth
Hemistola chrysoprasaria
Small Emerald
Hepialus humuli
Ghost Moth
Hoplodrina blanda
Rustic
Hydraecia micacea
Rosy Rustic
Jodia croceago
Orange Upperwing
Luperina nickerlii leechi
Sandhill Rustic
Lycia hirtaria
Brindled Beauty
Malacosoma neustria
Lackey
Melanchra persicariae
Dot Moth
Page 36
Melanchra pisi
Melanthia procellata
Mesoligia literosa
Mythimna comma
Noctua orbona
Orthonama vittata
Orthosia gracilis
Pelurga comitata
Perizoma albulata albulata
Rheumaptera hastata
Scopula marginepunctata
Scotopteryx bipunctaria
Scotopteryx chenopodiata
Spilosoma lubricipeda
Spilosoma luteum
Stilbia anomala
Syncopacma suecicella
Tholera cespitis
Tholera decimalis
Timandra comae
Trichiura crataegi
Tyria jacobaeae
Watsonalla binaria
Xanthia icteritia
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Xestia agathina
Xestia castanea
Broom Moth
Pretty Chalk Carpet
Rosy Minor
Shoulder-striped Wainscot
Lunar Yellow Underwing
Oblique Carpet
Powdered Quaker
Dark Spinach
Grass Rivulet
Argent and Sable
Mullein Wave
Chalk Carpet
Shaded Broad-bar
White Ermine
Buff Ermine
Anomalous
Western Sober Moth
Hedge Rustic
Feathered Gothic
Blood Vein
Pale Eggar
Cinnabar
Oak Hook-tip
Sallow
Dark-barred Twin-Spot Carpet
Heath Rustic
Neglected Rustic
Damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale Southern Damselfly
Stonefly Brachyptera putata A Stonefly
Fish Acipenser sturio Common Sturgeon
Alosa alosa
Allis Shad
Alosa fallax
Twaite Shad
Anguilla anguilla
European Eel
Salmo salar
Atlantic Salmon
Salmo trutta
Brown/Sea Trout
Lampetra fluviatilis
River Lamprey
Herptile Anguis fragilis Slow-worm
Bufo bufo
Common Toad
Lacerta agilis
Sand Lizard
Natrix natrix
Grass Snake
Vipera berus
Adder
Zootoca vivipara
Common Lizard
Page 37
Bird Acrocephalus paludicola Aquatic Warbler
Alauda arvensis arvensis
Sky Lark
Anser albifrons albifrons
European Greater White-fronted Goose
Anthus trivialis trivialis
Tree Pipit
Aythya marila
Greater Scaup
Botaurus stellaris stellaris
Bittern
Branta bernicla bernicla
Dark-bellied Brent Goose
Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Nightjar
Carduelis cabaret
Lesser Redpoll
Carduelis cannabina autochthona/cannabina Linnet
Carduelis flavirostris bensonorum/pipilans Twite
Circus cyaneus
Hen Harrier
Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Hawfinch
Cuculus canorus canorus
Common Cuckoo
Cygnus columbianus bewickii
Bewick's Swan (Tundra Swan)
Dendrocopos minor comminutus Lesser Spotted Woodpecker
Emberiza cirlus
Cirl Bunting
Emberiza citrinella citrinella
Yellowhammer
Emberiza schoeniclus schoeniclus
Reed Bunting
Larus argentatus argenteus
Herring Gull
Limosa limosa limosa
Black-tailed Godwit
Locustella luscinioides luscinioides Savi`s Warbler
Locustella naevia naevia
Grasshopper Warbler
Lullula arborea arborea
Wood Lark
Miliaria calandra calandra
Corn Bunting
Motacilla flava flavissima
Yellow Wagtail
Muscicapa striata striata
Spotted Flycatcher
Numenius arquata arquata
Curlew
Parus montanus kleinschimdti
Willow Tit
Parus palustris palustris/dresseri
Marsh Tit
Passer domesticus domesticus
House Sparrow
Passer montanus montanus
Tree Sparrow
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Wood Warbler
Prunella modularis occidentalis
Dunnock (Hedge Accentor)
Puffinus mauretanicus
Balearic Shearwater
Pyrrhula pyrrhula pileata
Bullfinch
Sterna dougallii dougallii
Roseate Tern
Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris
Starling
Turdus philomelos clarkei
Song Thrush
Turdus torquatus torquatus
Ring Ouzel
Vanellus vanellus
Lapwing
Mammal Arvicola terrestris Water Vole
Barbastella barbastellus
Barbastelle Bat
Erinaceus europaeus
Hedgehog
Lepus europaeus
Brown Hare
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Lutra lutra
Micromys minutus
Muscardinus avellanarius
Nyctalus noctula
Phoca vitulina
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Plecotus auritus
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Otter
Harvest Mouse
Dormouse
Noctule
Common Seal
Soprano Pipistrelle
Brown Long-eared bat
Greater Horseshoe Bat
Lesser Horseshoe Bat
MARINE SPECIES
Alga Cruoria cruoriaeformis A Red Seaweed
Dermocorynus montagnei
A Red Seaweed
Lithothamnion corallioides
Coral Maërl
Phymatolithon calcareum
Common Maërl
Bryozoan Victorella pavida Trembling Sea-mat
Cnidarian Amphianthus dohrnii Sea-fan Anemone
Edwardsia timida
Timid Burrowing Anemone
Eunicella verrucosa
Pink Sea-fan
Haliclystus auricula
A Stalked Jellyfish
Leptopsammia pruvoti
Sunset Cup Coral
Lucernariopsis campanulata
A Stalked Jellyfish
Lucernariopsis cruxmelitensis
A Stalked Jellyfish
Crustacean Mitella pollicipes Gooseneck Barnacle
Niphargus glenniei
British Cave Shrimp
Palinurus elephas
Crayfish, Crawfish or Spiny Lobster
Mollusc Atrina fragilis Fan Mussel
Ostrea edulis
Native Oyster
Fish Ammodytes marinus Lesser Sandeel
Scomber scombrus
Mackerel
Hippocampus guttulatus
Long-snouted Seahorse
Hippocampus hippocampus
Short-snouted Seahorse
Gadus morhua
Cod
Petromyzon marinus
Sea Lamprey
Shark/skate Cetorhinus maximus Basking Shark
Dalatias licha
Kitefin Shark
Dipturus batis
Common Skate
Galeorhinus galeus
Tope Shark
Isurus oxyrinchus
Shortfin Mako
Page 39
Lamna nasus
Prionace glauca
Raja undulata
Rostroraja alba
Squalus acanthias
Porbeagle Shark
Blue Shark
Undulate Ray
White or Bottlenosed Skate
Spiny Dogfish
Turtle Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback Turtle
Cetacean Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke Whale
Balaenoptera borealis
Sei Whale
Balaenoptera physalus
Fin Whale
Delphinus delphis
Common Dolphin
Globicephala melas
Long-finned Pilot Whale
Grampus griseus
Risso's Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus acutus
Atlantic White-sided Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus albirostris
White-beaked Dolphin
Mesoplodon bidens
Sowerby`s Beaked Whale
Mesoplodon mirus
True`s Beaked Whale
Orcinus orca
Killer Whale
Phocoena phocoena
Harbour Porpoise
Physeter catodon
Sperm Whale
Tursiops truncatus
Bottlenosed Dolphin
Ziphius cavirostris
Cuvier's Beaked Whale
Page 40
Subtidal Rocky Habitats
Tide-swept Channels
Sabellaria spinulosa Reefs
Sublittoral sediment
Subtidal Sands and Gravels
Maerl Beds
Blue Mussel Beds
Saline Lagoons
Sublittoral rock Maritime Cliff and Slopes
Supralittoral Sediment
Coastal Sand Dunes
Coastal Vegetated Shingle
Sublittoral rock
Estuarine Rocky Habitats
Fragile Sponge and Anthozoan Communities on
Oligotrophic and Dystrophic Lakes
Ponds
Rivers and Streams Rivers
Standing Open Water and Canals
Eutrophic Standing Waters
Mesotrophic Lakes
Sheltered Muddy Gravels
Neutral Grassland Lowland Meadows
Wet Woodland
Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
Calcareous Grassland Lowland Calcareous Grassland
Dwarf Shrub Heath
Lowland Heathland
Upland Heathland
Fen, Marsh and Swamp
Purple Moor-Grass and Rush Pastures
Lowland Fens
Reedbeds
Upland Flushes, Fens and Swamps
Improved Grassland Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh
Inland rock
Calaminarian Grasslands
Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land
Littoral rock
Intertidal Underboulder Communities
Sabellaria alveolata Reefs
Littoral sediment
Coastal Saltmarsh
Intertidal Mudflats
Seagrass Beds
Traditional Orchards
Wood-Pasture and Parkland
Upland Oakwood
Upland Mixed Ashwoods
Broad Habitat Priority Habitat
Acid Grassland Lowland Dry Acid Grassland
Arable and horticulture Arable Field Margins
Boundaries and linear features Hedgerows
Broadleaved, mixed and yew woodland
All of the Coast
Bodmin Moor
Camborne, Pool, Illogan
and Redruth
China Clay Area
Coast to Coast
Cornwall’s Super Green
Spine
Culm grassland
Linking the Lizard
Plymouth GI and Tamar
Valley Woods
Truro Development –
Growth Point
Wild Penwith
Cetacean BAP species
Invasive Species
Connectivity
Mapping BAP Habitats
Marine Atlas
Marine Habitat (Biotope)
Mapping
Orchards
APPENDIX 2
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APPENDIX 3
Geographical
Priority project Lead organisations Partner organisations
All of the Coast
RSPB
National Trust
Natural England
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Bodmin Moor Mires and Headwaters
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Natural England
RSPB
South West Water
AONB
Camborne, Pool, Illogan and Redruth
China Clay Area
Coast to Coast
Cornwall’s Super Green Spine
Culm grassland
Linking The Lizard
Plymouth Green Infrastructure and
Tamar Valley Woods
Truro Development – Growth Point
Wild Penwith
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Cornwall Council
Natural England
Ecobos
Natural England
Buglife
National Trust
Natural England
Cornwall Council
Devon Wildlife Trust
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
National Trust
Natural England
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Plymouth City Council
Natural England
Forestry Commission
Tamar Valley AONB
Natural England
Cornwall Council
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Environment Agency
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
FWAG
Natural England
Environment Agency
Environment Agency
FWAG
Environment Agency
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
RSPB
Forestry Commission
Cornwall Council
Eden Project
China Clay Action Group
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Natural England
Highways Agency
Voluntary Marine Conservation
Zones
Westcountry Rivers Trust
FWAG
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Natural England
South West Water
Environment Agency
Devon County Council
Butterfly Conservation
National Farmers Union
AONB
Species
Priority project Lead organisations Partner organisations
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Natural England
Cetacean BAP species
Marine Management Organisation
Cornwall Inshore Fisheries and
Conservation Authority
Commercial fishing industry
Cornwall Council
Invasive Species
ERCCIS
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Westcountry Rivers Trust
Cornwall Knotweed Forum
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Information gathering
Priority project Lead organisations Partner organisations
Connectivity
ERCCIS
National Rail
University of Exeter
Highways Agency
Mapping Bap Habitats
ERCCIS
Marine Atlas
Marine Habitat (Biotope) Mapping
Orchards
ERCCIS
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Natural England
Finding Sanctuary
Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Marine Management Organisation
Natural England
Cornwall Council
Marine Coastal Agency
Channel Coastal Observatory
University of Exeter
ERCCIS
Natural England
Cornwall Inshore Fisheries and
Conservation Authority
KSARS Ltd
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