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(Figure 5.25), Greek-Cypriots are right in considering the effects of their economic
sanctions as having been fairly limited 7 . Perhaps embargo and culture have made a
contribution to a divergent growth performance; more important and more obvious
however are some of the standard measurable déterminants of economic growth. The
preceding chapters have presented some of this divergence in terms of différent
institutional development; the adaptation to différent exogenous constraints. Using a
similar analysis to the one that determined the proxy growth rates (detailed in Chapter
6), the graphs below (Figures 7.2 to 7.12) underline that point but also illuminate more
controllable reasons for economic différences north and south. Essentially, these are
the conséquence of policy, politics and the différent institutional responses to de facto
division, north and south of the UN Buffer Zone.
One of the main background factors, per capita income, appears to be fairly similar in
the early stages of regionally distinct economic development (Figure 7.1). From the
evidence available a key conditioning factor, human capital development, looks fairly
similar too, north and south, in terms of school registration and higher éducation
ratios 8 . All other things being equal, economic growth in the Greek and Turkish-
Cypriot économies should therefore have been similar. Three other key indicators
p.97), quotes the head of the Cyprus Tourism Organisation, A. Andronicou as saying: "The Greek
Cypriot culture may... be described as competitive and individualistic... The Turkish Cypriot culture
differs in not attaching such great importance to achievement and wealtli, and the Turkish community
was therefore relatively less well represented in the business and economic life of the island."
7 Christodoulou, D. 1992. Inside The Cvnrus Miracle. Minnesota: University Of Minnesota,
Modern Greek Studies Yearbook Supplement, Vol. 2, p. xlvi.
8 In 1960 Turkish Cypriots made up a higher proportion of the total University Graduated population
(19.5) than their share of the population warranted (18.3). Kitromilides P.M. "From Coexistence to
Confrontation: The Dynamics of Ethnie Conflict in Cyprus", in Attalides M.A. 1977. (ed.) Cyprus
Reviewed. Nicosia: The Jus Cypri Association witli the Co-ordinating C'tee of Scientific and Cultural
Organisations, p.61. Witli five Universities in the north and only one in the south, the impression is
that Turkish Cypriots have managed to retain a similar higher éducation ratio as Greek Cypriots,
despite the relatively high proportion of the latter engaged in tertiary éducation abroad (nearly 40%
more than reeeived it locally in 1993). Comparable data is veiy limited but as a rough guide an
internal Civil Service study reported that in 1988, 10.5% of working women in the "TRNC" had
graduated from some form of tertiary éducation, ("Some Indicators of the Female Population of the
TRNC", Unpublished 1988 Study by the State Planning Authorily - in Turkish). Conversely in 1987
12% of Greek Cypriot females over the age of 20 had graduated from some form of tertiaiy éducation,
Republic of Cyprus, 1995. Statistical Abstract 1993. Nicosia: Ministiy of Finance, Dept. of Statistics
and Research, p.84, (based on a sample survey).
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