KMUTT Annual Research Abstracts 2005 salinity in the gulf and to facilitate the study of the environmental impact related to energy use (i.e. gas and oil spill) and human activities in coastal areas. In order to produce grided fields of data for use in the model, the interpolation methods are used. The methods that interpolate the data used in this study are cubic spline and bilinear interpolations are described. Data in the interior grid points are interpolated by the bilinear interpolation method while data at the boundary have to be specified by cubic spline interpolation. The interpolation methods have been implemented for the observed data in three datasets. One is the topography, the second is wind velocities, and the third consists of monthly mean temperature and salinity, which is arranged for standard depths. Interpolation for density data is usually calculated from interpolated temperature and salinity data. A few results for this region are presented. IC-234 CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSION AND DISPERSION MODELS FOR CHIANG MAI URBAN AREA Surachai Sathikunarat, Meigen Zhang, Rudklao Pan-aram, Prungchan Wongwises Scientific Assembly of The International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences of The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IAMAS 2005), August 2-11, 2005, Beijing, China. Chiang Mai is the most important province for the regional administration, business and finance, education, medical, industry, and especially tourist industry of the northern region of Thailand. Its economic growth rate was higher than other provinces in the same region. The economic growth affects to the expansion of economic sector and size of the urban area as same as the other major cities of the country. Consequently, Chiang Mai is facing the environmental problems, in order to prevent the permanent environmental deterioration which caused by the economic growth, this study is the part of the effort to protect the Chiang Mai’s environment which concentrate on the investigation of air pollution condition in order to bring out the appropriate environmental management. The study was found that the source of air pollutant can be divided into 3 sources which consist of line source, point source, and area source. According to the number and spatial distribution, the line sources 157 include heavy traveled roadway facilities that the pollutant was emitted from the combustion of conventional fuel in internal combustion engine. The point sources characterized pollutant emission from fuel combustion facilities which were crematorium and medical waste incinerator. Besides, the others were considered as the area sources such as forest fire, open burning, fuel consumption by population, airport, railway station etc. The result showed that the heavy traffic (line source) during traffic rush hour contributed Carbon Monoxide (CO) which higher than the other sources. The portion of CO from the traffic condition was approximately 90 percent. In order to study in detail, TRANsport PLANning model (TRANPLAN) was adopted for predicting traffic volume and speed in the roadway of Chiang Mai urban area. The CO emission rate was estimated by Mobile Thai model which based on the US EPA’s Mobile 4 model. Furthermore, CO dispersion and concentration were calculated by using Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) and HYbrid Particle And Concentration Transport model (HYPACT). Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) was applied for displaying the CO dispersion. The results of CO concentration compare with the observed air quality data set which was found that the predicted CO concentration was over estimated. IC-235 EMISSION AND DIFFUSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE FROM TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHIANG MAI URBAN AREA, THAILAND Surachai Sathikunarat, Meigen Zhang, Rudklao Pan-aram, Prungchan Wongwises The 14 th International Symposium Transport and Air Pollution, June 1-3, 2005, Graz, Austria, pp. 331-340 Traffic congestion is a major problem in Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, in addition Chiang Mai seems face this problem. This problem induces others sub-problem. One of them is environmental problems which air pollution has been received the highest attention. Pollution Control Department [PCD] monitored air quality in 10 provinces and found that almost of the pollutants are within standard except Carbon Monoxide [CO]. Therefore, an important toxic gas is CO that its concentration is difficult to measure in practice due to the lack of International Conference
158 measuring equipment, permanent measuring stations inappropriately located or not covering entire areas of interest, etc. The measurement are also time consuming and costly and cannot be used to predict future problems. This paper shows the study on CO emission and diffusion from transportation system in Chiang Mai city. In this study, emitted CO from traffic was characterized as line source. Due to the line source which refers as the traffic data in Chiang Mai road network cannot measure directly. The TRANsport PLANning model [TRANPLAN] was adopted to estimate the traffic speed and traffic volume in the road network. The PCD’s Mobile-Thai which based on US EPA’s MOBILE4 was adopted to predict the emission rate of line source. The wind speed and direction which effect to the diffusion of CO, are produced by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System [RAMS]. The HYbrid Particle And Concentration Transport model [HYPACT] was used to calculate the CO concentration and diffusion. Grid Analysis and Display System [GrADS] was used for displaying the results. Furthermore, the forecasted data set is validated and evaluated by comparing with the observed data set. IC-236 CO-PYROLYSIS OF THAI LIGNITE AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES Taro Sonobe, Nakorn Worasuwannarak The 3 rd Eco-Energy and Materials Science and Engineering Symposium (EMSES), April 6-9, 2005, Lotus Pang Suan Kaew Hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand Co-firing of lignite and biomass such as agricultural residues is being considered as an ecological means to generate energy. It is because the utilization of biomass can contribute to the reduction of CO 2 emissions as well as fossil fuel substitution. In addition, the net emissions of SO x and NO x from coal burning can be reduced. However, co-firing of lignite and biomass is a relatively new concept and the application of co-firing technologies requires a sound understanding of the pyrolysis characteristics of lignite-biomass blends. The information on the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics plays an important role in the efficient design and operation of co-firing boilers. In this study, the co-pyrolysis characteristics of Thai lignite and agricultural residues (rice husk, bagasse, corncob) with different weight ratios KMUTT Annual Research Abstracts 2005 have been investigated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The gas formation rates during the pyrolysis were measured continuously by using a mass spectrometer. Based on tlhese measurements, the effects of agricultural residues adding on the pyrolysis behaviors of the lignite-agricultural residues blends were discussed. School of Bioresources and Technology IC-237 EFFECT OF AGITATION RATE ON BATCH FERMENTATION OF MIXTURE CULTURE OF YEASTS DURING ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM MIXED GLUCOSE AND XYLOSE Arisra Rodmui, Yuwapin Dandusitapun, Jirasak Kongkiattikajorn The 1 st International Conference on Fermentation Technology for Value Added Agricultural Products, March 22-25, 2005, Kosa Hotel, Khon Kaen, Thailand, p. 72 The co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis was used for batch ethanol production in a synthetic medium containing 20 g/1 glucose and xylose as carbon source. After shaking incubation at 30 °C for 18 h at glucose and xylose ratio 1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 0:1, the yield of ethanol (Y p /S s ) were 0.35, 0.35, 0.34, 0.32, 0.32, 0.27 and 0.05 g/g, respectively. The yield of cell mass were 0.12, 0.09, 0.08, 0.08, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.10 g/g, respectively. The results indicated that the coculture could produce the maximum level of ethanol at the mixture of glucose and xylose ratio 8:1. Batch fermentation for ethanol production with agitation rate 0-200 rpm was studied using mixed glucose and xylose (8:1) under the same condition. The results showed that the yields of ethanol (Y p /S s ) were 0.33, 0.38, 0.37, 0.35 and 0.33 at the agitation rate of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200, respectively. The yields of cell mass were 0.04, 0.04, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.09 at the agitation rate of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200, respectively. The results suggested that the agitation rate of 50 rpm was suitable for ethanol production by the co-culture from the mixed sugars. IC-238 CELLULAR RESPONSE PROTEINS OF Aspergillus oryzae IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION USING ROTATING DRUM BIOREACTOR International Conference
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