Download Manual - Silvan Australia

Operator’s Manual 

MANBA07 - Rev A 1/8/05 

RowKING Vegetable Sprayer 

2500 Litre 

SAFETY WARNING: 

PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL THOROUGHLY BEFORE ATTACHING 

THE SPRAYER TO A TRACTOR OR OPERATING IT.

No liability can be accepted for any inaccuracies or omissions 

in this publication, although due care has been taken to make it 

as complete and accurate as possible. 

The information, illustrations and technical data were 

considered to be correct at the time of preparation. 

In accordance with our policy of continuous development 

Silvan Australia Pty. Ltd. reserves the right to make changes 

at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation. 

YOUR SPRAYER DETAILS 

Record the details of your RowKING sprayer here for future reference when 

discussing service with your Silvan dealer, ordering parts or making a warranty claim. 

SERIAL NUMBER 

MODEL 

DATE OF DELIVERY 

SELLING DEALER 

ADDRESS 

TELEPHONE NO. 

INSTALLED BY 

_____________________________ 

________________________________________________ 

_____________________________ 

________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________ 

_____________________________ 

_____________________________

Contents 

Page 

Introduction 2 

Warranty 

About Your Warranty 2 

New Product Warranty 3 

Safety Information 4 

Features and Specifications 7 

Description of Fluid Flow 10 

Installation 

Cabin Controls - Silvamatic and Farmscan 12 

Boom Cabin Controls, Adjusting Axle Track Width 13 

Matching Hydraulic Motor to Tractor (Hydraulic Model only) 13 

Connecting to the Tractor 

Hitching to the Tractor 15 

Connecting the PTO Shaft (PTO Drive Model only) 15 

Connecting Hydraulic Hoses and Electrical Looms 16 

Operation 

Filling the Main Tank, Bottom Filter 17 

Filling the Flushing Tanks 17 

Fresh Water Tank, Suction Filter 18 

Starting the Sprayer for the First Time 18 

Silvamatic Controls - Initial Start Up 18 

Setting Pressure Compensators 19 

Regular Operation 19 

Farmscan Controller - Initial Start Up 19 

Regular Operation 20 

Pump Operating Speed 20 

Adding Chemicals - Through Top Opening 20 

With Silmix and Silmix Probe 21 

Venturi Agitator 21 

Stopping the Sprayer Pump (Hydraulic Drive Model only) 22 

Draining the Tank, Flushing the System 22 

Road Travel 22 

Spray Boom Operation – Electric over Hydraulic Controls 23 

Folding and Unfolding 23 

Setting Boom Height 24 

Outer Section Break-Back 24 

Outer Arm Fold, Boom Tilt 24 

Spraybar Operation 24 

General Spraying Information 25 

Calibrating the Sprayer 

Nozzle Selection, Nozzle Chart 26 

Testing the Spray Pattern 27 

Verifying the Calibration, Nozzle Test and Boom Test 27 

Nozzle Care and Maintenance 27 

Optional Equipment 

Foam Marker, Farmscan Spray Controller 28 

Digital Fill Meter, Mudguards 29 

Boom Fence Line Kit 29 

Lubrication and Maintenance 

Start-up Inspection, Daily Maintenance 30 

Annual Maintenance 31 

1

Introduction 

Silvan is an Australian owned company 

specialising in the supply of crop protection 

equipment to primary producers. A leader in the 

design of agricultural sprayers, the company 

was established in 1962 and has grown to 

become the largest manufacturer and supplier of 

crop protection equipment in Australia. 

Our operations are fully accredited to the 

international quality standard ASNZS ISO 9002- 

1994 and we are extremely proud of our 

reputation for quality products backed by quality 

service. Your investment in a Silvan sprayer is 

an investment in quality. 

This manual covers the 2500 litre RowKING 

Vegetable Sprayer with PTO or hydraulically 

driven pump and front or rear mounted boom. 

These sprayers have been designed and 

manufactured to provide a high standard of 

performance and safety and incorporate many 

innovative features. 

To ensure continued efficient performance and 

safe operation of your sprayer, you need to read 

this manual thoroughly and fully familiarise 

yourself with all aspects of the sprayer’s 

operation, maintenance and safety procedures. 

Now that you are a proud Silvan owner, all our 

services and dealer support are available to you 

should you need them. We assure you of our 

best attention at all times. 

Note: Because RowKING sprayers can be 

supplied from Silvan with a variety of spray 

booms, this manual only contains information 

relevant to the tanker unit and the general 

operation of the boom. For information about 

boom adjustment and maintenance consult the 

Spray Boom Operator’s Manual, which is 

supplied in addition to this manual. 

About Your Warranty 

Silvan Australia Pty. Ltd. welcomes any warranty 

repair and apologises for any inconvenience. 

See the previous page for the express warranty 

coverage offered. The following information will 

assist your understanding of warranty 

procedures. 

Any authorised Silvan dealer service outlet can 

perform warranty repairs for you, however, we 

recommend that such repairs be carried out by 

the Dealer from whom you bought the product. 

Most warranty repairs are handled routinely, but 

sometimes requests cannot be accepted under 

warranty. Normal wear and tear is not covered 

by warranty nor does warranty apply if a product 

failure can be attributed to abuse or neglect. 

Whilst Silvan will abide by its warranty policy 

under all genuine circumstances, we must 

emphasise that such can only apply when our 

equipment has been used in applications for 

which it was designed and manufactured and 

that a reasonable degree of care and common 

sense has been exercised by the operator. 

To avoid misunderstandings, which might occur 

between the customer and the service outlet, 

items subject to normal wear and tear such as 

drive belts, solenoid diaphragms, pump 

diaphragms, mechanical seals, spray nozzles 

and similar items are not covered under 

warranty. 

Warranty Repair Site 

The warranty provides for repairs to be carried 

out at the servicing dealer’s normal place of 

business. An owner may elect to have repairs 

carried out at his own residence but, whilst 

Silvan will accept the actual repair cost of the 

failed component(s), the travelling costs will not 

be covered under warranty - see following. 

Items Not Covered By Warranty 

The warranty does not allow for the cost of the 

following items. These are the responsibility of 

the owner. 

1) Labour to travel to and from a broken-down 

product or for any distance charges. 

2) Labour premiums that might apply for any 

repairs that are made outside the dealer’s 

normal business hours. 

3) Transportation costs of the machine to and 

from the service outlet. 

4) Freight costs to get parts to and from the 

service outlet. 

5) All communication costs made by the owner 

in connection with the warranty repair. 

2

New Product Warranty 

WARRANTY POLICY 

Silvan Australia Pty. Ltd. warrants to its authorised dealer, who in turn warrants to the 

original purchaser (owner) of each new Silvan product, that it will repair or replace, 

without charge for labour or parts, any defective or malfunctioning parts in accordance 

with the warranty limitations and adjustments schedule below. 

PRODUCT – ALL 

PRIVATE DOMESTIC USE – 12 MONTHS 

PRIVATE and COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL USE – 12 MONTHS 

AGRICULTURAL CONTRACTORS – 6 MONTHS 

GOVERNMENT and MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS – 6 MONTHS 

ALL OTHER NON-AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS – 3 MONTHS 

HIRE COMPANIES – 3 MONTHS 

The warranty period will begin on the date the product is delivered to the first retail 

purchaser. 

THIS WARRANTY COVERS: 

• Claims resulting from defects in workmanship or material under normal use and service. 

THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER: 

• Conditions resulting from misuse, negligence, alteration, accidental damage or failure to 

perform normal maintenance services; 

• Any product which has been repaired by other than an authorised Silvan Australia Pty. 

Ltd. service outlet so as, in any way in the sole and absolute judgement of Silvan 

Australia Pty. Ltd., to affect adversely its performance and reliability; 

• The replacement of wear and tear items such as diaphragms, V belts and ground 

engaging components; 

• Loss of time, inconvenience, loss of use of the product or any other consequential 

damages. 

The repair of defective products qualifying under this warranty will be performed by an 

authorised Silvan Australia Pty. Ltd. service outlet within a reasonable time following the 

delivery of the product, at the cost of the owner, to the service outlet’s place of business. 

The product will be repaired or replaced, using new parts sold by Silvan Australia Pty. 

Ltd. 

The owner is responsible for the performance of regular maintenance services as 

specified in the Operator’s Manual applicable to the product. 

• THIS WARRANTY IS THE ONLY WARRANTY APPLICABLE TO SILVAN 

AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. NEW PRODUCTS AND, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT 

PERMITTED BY LAW, IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES 

EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF 

MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 

• SILVAN AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. DOES NOT AUTHORISE ANY PERSON TO 

CREATE FOR IT ANY OTHER OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH 

THESE PRODUCTS. 

• SUBJECT ONLY TO LEGISLATIVE OBLIGATIONS TO THE CONTRARY, SILVAN 

AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR 

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM A PRODUCT PERFORMING IN 

BREACH OF THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY. 

3

Safety Information 

Before operating the sprayer read the following safety instructions. 

Failure to comply with these warnings may result in serious injury or death. 

Whilst your RowKING sprayer has been designed and manufactured to incorporate all 

necessary safety features it is essential that any person who operates or works on the machine 

is aware of the safety precautions that should be exercised. 

This sprayer is designed and manufactured 

solely for the purpose of applying agricultural 

chemicals to crops. Under no circumstances 

should it be used for any other purpose. 

Before using the sprayer carefully read and 

ensure you understand the contents of this 

manual and any other manual supplied with the 

sprayer. 

Before operating the sprayer read all the safety 

warnings which are carried on various parts of 

the machine. Refer to the next two pages for a 

location diagram and the wording of these 

warnings. 

Never allow an inadequately trained person to 

attach or operate the sprayer. 

Do not operate the sprayer whilst wearing loose 

clothing, unrestrained long hair, jewellery or 

anything which could become entangled in 

rotating components or limit your vision. 

Only operate the sprayer on a tractor fitted with 

a roll-over protective structure (ROPS), or a cab 

incorporating a ROPS, complying with AS1636 

or equivalent. 

Wear ear protection when operating the sprayer 

on a tractor that is not fitted with a sound 

proofed cabin. 

Ensure the operating capacity of the tractor 

matches the weight and power requirement of 

the sprayer. Refer to the tractor operator’s 

manual for safe working loads and relevant 

tractor safety instructions. 

Exercise extreme care when operating in hilly 

or uneven terrain to ensure proper stability. 

Refer also to the tractor manufacturer’s 

operating and safety instructions. 

Never allow anyone to ride on the sprayer. 

Do not operate the sprayer without all the 

tractor and sprayer safety shields in place. 

Apply the parking brake and switch off the 

tractor engine before performing any service 

work on the sprayer. Ensure the sprayer and 

boom are properly supported and restrained 

before performing any maintenance work. 

The sprayer can be supported by the folding 

stand if the tank is full or partly filled with liquid 

but take care to select a firm level surface. 

Do not stand under or perform maintenance 

work on the boom without first supporting it to 

ensure it cannot drop due to inadvertent 

operation of controls or hydraulic failure. 

Relieve all hydraulic pressure before 

disconnecting hoses. Oil escaping under 

pressure can penetrate the skin, causing 

serious injury. Seek medical advice immediately 

if injured by escaping oil. 

Before use of any chemicals refer to the 

chemical manufacturer’s label and safety 

instructions for safe handling procedures and 

correct method of use. Always use the 

recommended personal protective clothing and 

equipment. 

Ensure that all operators and associated 

personnel are familiar with the legal regulations 

and codes of practice that apply to the safe use, 

storage and disposal of spray chemicals. 

Do not enter the sprayer tank under any 

circumstances. If service to the tank is 

required contact Silvan for correct maintenance 

procedures. 

Ensure that all chemicals used in the sprayer 

are compatible with all components of the 

sprayer. 

4


Locations of Safety Warnings 

The locations of the safety warning decals fitted to the 2500 litre RowKING sprayer are shown below. The 

following page shows the wording on these decals. Refer to the Spray Boom Operator’s Manual for 

information on safety warning decals fitted to the boom. 

It is important that all operators read and follow the information given on all safety decals. They should be 

kept clean and legible at all times. If any are missing or unreadable they should be replaced by ordering 

new decals from your Silvan dealer under the part numbers shown. 

Part No. 399 14 1000 

PTO Drive Model Only 

Part No. DEC 48 




Both sides 

FILLING CONTROL PANEL 


PRESSURE CONTROL PANEL 






Both sides 



Spray Nozzle 

Selection Chart 

Decal positions shown for PTO model with front mounted boom. 

Decal positions for other models are similar. 

5


Wording of Safety Warnings 

The wording of the safety decals shown on the previous page is given below. 

Before operating the sprayer read all safety warning decals. 

Failure to comply with these warnings could result in serious injury or death 

Part Number DEC 48 




Part Number DEC 51 Part Number DEC 52 



6 

Part Number 399 14 1000

Features and Specifications 

Tank 

Polytuff impact resistant polyethylene. 

Capacity 2500 litres. 

455 mm screw down lid with basket strainer. 

Calibrated liquid level sight gauge. 

Dual rotating chemical rinse nozzles inside tank. 

50 mm bottom drain with ball valve. 

Bottom Fill 

50 mm cam-lever hose coupling. 

High capacity filter. 

Agitation 

Continuous agitation from by-pass flow line plus 

high volume venturi agitator. 

Pump and Drive 

PTO Drive Model 

Three cylinder, constant displacement, oil backed 

diaphragm pump. 

Direct coupled to 540 rpm shielded PTO shaft. 

Standard 

Pump Model No. 

BP151/20 

Max flow (l/min) 142 

Max pressure (Bar) 

20 (290 psi) 

Hydraulic Drive Model 

Centrifugal pump with cast iron body, glass nylon 

impellor, viton seals and self-priming chamber. 

Direct coupled to hydraulic motor suitable for 

closed or open centre systems. 

Pump Model No. Hypro 9303C-HM4C-SP 

Max flow (l/min) 360 

Max pressure (Bar) 5.5 (80 psi) 

Tractor hydraulic flow required 19 - 26 l/min 

(4.2 - 5.7 Imp GPM) 

Cabin Controls 

Standard 

Silvamatic Spray Controller 

Master On/Off switch. 

Boom section On/Off for up to 5 sections 

Spraying pressure regulating switch. 

Pressure gauge 0 - 20 Bar. 

Circuit protection fuse 10 amp. 

Optional 

Farmscan Primo 400 Spray Controller 

Programmable spray computer 

with single function digital display panel. 

Power switch. 

Boom switches - Master and 4 sections. 

Valve Block Assembly 

Flow Sensor and Flow Control valve. 

Electric On/Off valves for 3, 4 or 5 boom sections. 

Glycerine filled pressure gauge (at front of sprayer) 

Maximum Pressure 20 Bar 

Operating Voltage 12 volt DC 

Spray Boom – Front or Rear Mounted 

Front mounted Silvan RowMASTER folding boom 

of 12 or 15 metre width. 

Requires three sets of remote hydraulic outlets. 

Optional electric over hydraulic 3 bank controls for 

lift, inner fold and outer fold. 

Optional individual wing tilt and 5 bank controls. 

or 

Rear mounted Silvan RowMASTER folding boom 


Requires two sets of remote hydraulic outlets. 

Optional electric over hydraulic 3 bank controls for 

lift, inner and outer fold. 

Optional individual wing tilt and 5 bank controls. 

or 

Rear mounted Silvan PaddockKING folding boom 


See relevant boom manual for specifications. 

Filtration 

Four stage with removable elements. 

Standard mesh shown. Alternatives available. 

1) Tank lid strainer 18 mesh. 

Bottom fill filter 50 mesh (blue) 

2) Suction line filter 80 mesh (grey) 

3) High pressure filter 100 mesh (red) 

4) Nozzle strainers 50 mesh (Silvan booms) 

Chassis, Wheels and Suspension 

Heavy duty galvanised steel chassis. 

Three point linkage swivelling hitch. 

Folding support stand. 

Single axle with adjustable track. 

Track widths 1524mm min. to 1828mm max. 

(60 inches to 72 inches) 

Tyre size & pressure – 11.2 x 44 radial - 45 psi. 

Standard Equipment 

Flushing Tanks 

two 100 litre 

Fresh Water Tank 

14 litre 

Silmix - with 60 litre hopper on drop down frame 

for induction of powdered chemicals. 


Foam Marker 

Arag digital flow meter. 

Boom fence line kit. 

100 litre 

Dimensions and Weights 

With standard equipment, single axle and 15m 

front boom. Mass with tanks empty. To calculate 

Gross Mass add 1 kg per litre of water fill. 

Length Width Height Mass Max.Gross Mass 

(dimensions in mm) (kg) (kg) 

5750 2550 3100 2500 5200 

Tractor Requirement 

Minimum recommended PTO power rating. 

75 Kw (100 HP) 

7


Bottom Fill 

Filter 

Fill Control Panel 


(Not visible 

in this view) 

Two 100 litre 


Main Tank 

Top Fill Lid 

2500 litre 

Main Tank 

Optional 

Fill Meter 

Front Mounted 

Boom Lift Frame 

Main Tank Contents 

Sight Gauge 

Boom 

Transport Saddle 

Bottom Fill 

Connection 

Bottom Fill 

Valve 

Folding 

Access Steps 

60 litre Simix 

Chemical Inductor 

(in transport position) 

Silmix 

Controls 

11.2 x 44 Radial Tyres 

on adjustable track axle 

Adjustable Height 

Ball Hitch 

14 litre 

Fresh Water 

Tank 

Optional 

Foam Marker 

100 litre Tank 

and 

Compressor 

Standard Boom 

Lift and Fold Hydraulic Hoses 

(single hose 

electric over hydraulic 

system optional) 

Main Tank 

Drain Valve 

System Pressure 

Regulator 

and Gauge 

Pressure Control Panel 

Adjustable Length 

Drawbar 

PTO Shaft 

and Diaphragm Pump 

(replaced by 

hydraulic motor and centrifugal pump 

on hydraulic drive model) 

Three Point 

Linkage Frame 

Pressure Control 

Folding Panel 

Support Stand 

Suction 

Filter 

FEATURES OF THE RowKING 2500 LITRE VEGETABLE SPRAYER – FRONT MOUNTED BOOM MODEL 

PTO Drive Model shown with Boom removed 

Suction Valve 

Tank Rinse Tap 

Silmix Tap 

Agitator Tap 

8


2500 litre 

Main Tank 

Main Tank 

Top Fill Lid 

Two 100 litre 


14 litre 

Fresh Water 

Tank 

Main Tank Contents 

Sight Gauge 

PTO Shaft and Diaphragm Pump 

(replaced by 

hydraulic motor and centrifugal pump 

on hydraulic drive model) 

Suction Valve 

System Pressure 

Regulator 

and Gauge 

Three Point 

Linkage Frame 

11.2 x 44 Radial Tyres 

on adjustable track axle 

Main Tank 

Drain Valve 

Optional 

Foam Marker 

100 litre Tank 

and 

Compressor 

(hidden) 

Standard Boom 

Lift and Fold Hydraulic Hoses 

(single hose electric over hydraulic system optional) 



Drawbar 

Adjustable Height 

Ball Hitch 

Folding 

Support Stand 

Pressure 

Control Panel 

Suction Filter 

Pressure Control Panel 

Folding Access Steps 

(not visible in this view) 

Agitator Tap 

Tank Rinse Tap 

Silmix Tap 

Boom Transport 

Saddle 

Rear Mounted 

Boom Lift Frame 

Bottom Fill 

Filter Bottom Fill 

Connection 

Optional 

Bottom Fill 

Fill Meter 

Valve 


(not visible in this view) 

60 litre Silmix 

Chemical inductor 

(in transport position) 

Silmix 

Controls 

FEATURES OF THE RowKING 2500 LITRE VEGETABLE SPRAYER – REAR MOUNTED BOOM MODEL 

PTO Drive Model shown with Boom removed 

9

Description of Fluid Flow 

Tank Rinse 

Nozzle 

Flushing 

Tanks 

Main Tank 

Venturi 

Agitator 

To 

Silmix 

System 

Pressure 

Gauge 

Bottom Fill 

Connection 

Pressure 

Relief 

Valve 

Drain 

Valve 

Bottom Fill 

Valve 

Silmix 

Tap 

Tank 

Rinse 

Tap 

Agitator 

Tap 

High 

Pressure 

Filter 

Pump 

Pressure 

Regulator 

Flow 

Meter 

Bottom Fill 

Filter 

Suction 

Filter 

Boom Section 

Valves 

Suction 

Valve 

Four Section Spray Boom 

SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 

10

Description of Fluid Flow 

The schematic diagram on the previous page 

shows the fluid flow and filtration system of the 

RowKING 2500 litre sprayer. A typical four section 

spray boom is shown but the operating principles 

are the same for booms with three sections. 

Tanker Circuit 

The tanks can be filled either through the top or 

bottom but the usual method is through the bottom 

fill connection, which is more convenient and 

prevents chemicals from frothing. 

The bottom fill incorporates a cam-lever hose 

coupling and a high volume filter. It can be used to 

fill either the main tank or the two flushing tanks by 

turning the handle of the bottom fill valve, below 

the filling control panel, to the appropriate position. 

During filling, the suction valve must be set to 

‘Main Tank’ at the pressure control panel. After 

filling, the bottom fill valve is turned to the closed 

position and the suction valve is switched to either 

‘Main Tank’ or ‘Flush Tank’ to enable fluid to flow 

from the selected tank to the pump. 

If the top lids are used for filling, a basket strainer 

is provided in the fillers of the main and flushing 

tanks to prevent entry of foreign material. 

The level of liquid in the main tank is shown by a 

sightline at the RH front of the sprayer and for 

rapid emptying a large diameter outlet discharges 

through a manual drain valve under the LH side of 

the sprayer. An optional digital fill meter can be 

fitted to measure the amount of fluid entering both 

the main tank and the flushing tanks. 

The hand wash tank is filled by attaching a hose to 

its connector. 

The liquid to be sprayed is drawn from the 

underside of the tank through the suction line to 

the inlet side of the pump. A filter in the suction 

line ensures that no foreign material enters the 

pump. The suction valve on the control panel 

should be closed to allow the element to be 

removed for cleaning while there is liquid in the 

tank. Depending upon the sprayer model, the 

pump is directly driven either by the tractor PTO or 

by a hydraulic motor connected to the tractor 

hydraulics. 

Fluid is discharged from the pump to a pressure 

relief valve mounted on the pressure control panel. 

This valve is manually operated to set the 

maximum pressure within the system. The required 

spraying pressure can then be regulated from the 

control unit in the tractor cab, up to the maximum 

set at the manual valve. The gauge on the 

pressure control panel shows the system 

maximum pressure. 

From the relief valve, fluid is directed to the spray 

boom at system pressure through a high pressure 

filter under the control panel. This filter can be 

purged by means of a knob at the filter that opens 

a valve connected to a return line to the tank. 

Surplus capacity from the pump is by-passed at 

the main relief valve. If the boom valves are 

closed, or if the pump is producing more volume 

than required at the boom, the outlet pressure will 

rise until the relief valve opens and the excess is 

by-passed to the bottom of the tank, thus keeping 

the contents well mixed. 

Selecting the agitator valve on the pressure control 

panel opens the agitator valve and provides 

additional mixing of the main tank contents by 

directing pressurised fluid to the venturi jet in the 

rear of the tank. 

To flush the system with clean water from the 

flushing tank, the suction valve on the pressure 

control panel is switched to ‘Flush Tank’. To wash 

the interior of the main tank the ‘Tank Rinse’ valve 

can be opened on the pressure control panel. This 

pumps pressurised water to the rotating rinse jet in 

the top of the tank and also rinses the main tank 

sightline. 

Spraying Controls 

Fluid from the high pressure filter is directed to the 

boom sections via electrically operated on/off 

valves in the valve block mounted at the rear of the 

sprayer. The valves are operated from the cabin 

using the control unit and can be opened or closed 

independently by selecting the required section 

switches or, once a pattern is selected, as a group 

by operating the Master switch that controls the 

main on/off valve. 

If a spray computer is fitted, the valve block 

incorporates a flow meter that is electrically 

connected to the spray computer. Once the 

spraying pressure and application rate are set they 

are monitored by the flow meter and maintained by 

the by-pass or throttling action of the pressure 

regulator in the valve block. 

All Silvan booms are fitted with interchangeable fan 

jet nozzles at 50 cm intervals in non-drip bayonet 

holders that incorporate a strainer for final filtration. 

11

Installation 

Before attaching the sprayer to the tractor, install 

the cabin control units supplied with the sprayer. 

On the hydraulic drive model it may also be 

necessary to adjust the sprayer hydraulic motor to 

match the tractor hydraulic system, refer page 14. 

Silvamatic Spray Controller 

Install the control box in the tractor cabin using the 

hardware provided. Ensure it is clearly visible and 

within easy reach of the driver. The master switch 

should be in the “Off” position whilst installing. 

Plug the short electrical loom into the rear of the 

control box and connect the free end directly to the 

battery. The connections are: 

Positive = Brown Negative = Blue 

If the cable needs extending it is important to use 

wire of the same diameter (no less than 0.75mm 2 ). 

Plug the terminal block of the front section of the 

main loom into the rear of the control box and run 

the quick coupling end of the loom through a 

convenient opening in the tractor cabin. If it is 

necessary to drill a hole for the loom install a 

rubber grommet so that the cable is not chaffed. 

Remove the protective cap from the threaded 

connection of the pressure gauge on the rear of 

the cabin control and screw on the reduction fitting, 

then screw the 1/8in threaded hose connector to 

the reduction fitting. Use a small amount of sealant 

on the threads but take care to avoid clogging the 

gauge inlet. 

Insert the pressure hose into the connector on the 

pressure gauge and securely tighten the coupling. 

Run the hose back to the sprayer along the same 

route as the wiring loom and strap or tape it to the 

loom at convenient locations. Cut the hose to the 

appropriate length near the wiring quick connector 

and fit the quick release hydraulic coupling. 

Boom Section 

On/Off Switches 

Mounting Bracket 

Pressure 

Toggle Switch 

SILVAMATIC CABIN CONTROL BOX 

Master 

On/Off Switch 

Boom 

Section 

Switches 

Boom Master 

Switch 

Digital Display 

Computer 

Power Switch 

FARMSCAN PRIMO 400 SPRAY CONTROLLER 

Farmscan Primo 400 Spray Controller 

(Optional Equipment) 

Using the bracket, securing knobs and hardware 

provided, install the monitor in a suitably protected 

position within the cabin where it will be easily 

seen and within convenient reach. Refer to the 

Farmscan manual for information on important 

points to note when selecting the position 

Ensure that the power switch of the controller is off 

whilst making these connections. Connect the 

electrical power supply cables of the loom directly 

to the 12 volt tractor battery. The connection 

method and the positive and negative cable 

colours are shown in the Farmscan manual. 

Plug the rectangular end of the loom into the 

socket on the rear of the controller and tighten the 

securing screws. 

Run the quick coupling end of the loom through a 

convenient opening in the tractor cabin, taking note 

of the points given in the Farmscan manual. 

Use the cable ties provided to secure the loom. If it 

is necessary to drill a hole for the loom, install a 

rubber grommet so the cable is not chaffed. 

Do not switch the power on to the controller until 

the content of the Farmscan manual has been 

read and is understood. 

Electric Over Hydraulic Boom Controls 

(Optional Equipment for some models) 

Mount the control box in a convenient location that 

is clearly visible to the driver using the bracket 

provided. 

Connect the electrical cable provided directly to the 

battery. The connections are: 

Positive = Red Negative = Red/Black 

12

Installation 

Left Tilt 

Main Fold 

Right Tilt 

Outer Fold 

Lift Switch 

Spare 

Switches 

Foam 

Marker 

Switch 

Master 

On/Off 

Switch 

ELECTRIC OVER HYDRAULIC BOOM CONTROL BOX 

Run the control loom back to the sprayer through a 

convenient outlet in the tractor cabin ensuring that 

it does not rub on any sharp edges. If it is 

necessary to drill a hole in the cabin, fit a rubber 

grommet. The loom is fitted with a 4 pin quick 

release coupling for connecting to the sprayer. 

If an optional foam marker is fitted at the factory, 

the wiring for the marker will be incorporated in the 

loom and the Foam Marker switch on the control 

box can be used to operate the marker. 

Adjusting the Axle Track Width 

The track width between the wheels can be 

adjusted to suit the row spacing of the crops being 

sprayed. It can be set between a minimum of 

1524mm (60 inches) and a maximum of 1828mm 

(72 inches) measured between the centrelines of 

the tyre treads. As delivered from the factory the 

track is set to the minimum width. 

Caution: As it is necessary to get under the 

sprayer to adjust the track, follow the safety 

precautions stated below. 

Before adjusting the track, empty the tanks and 

place the sprayer on a flat hard surface. Do not lift 

the sprayer with fluid in the tanks. 

Loosen the nuts on the U-bolts at each side of the 

axle just sufficiently for the axle halves to be 

moved in or out by the turnbuckles, which are 

positioned on the front face of each axle half. 

Loosen the locknut on each turnbuckle and 

lengthen or shorten it, using a bar in the holes, to 

move the axle halves in or out until the desired 

track width is achieved. Adjust the turnbuckles by 

an equal number of turns. Measure the track width 

between the centres of the tyre treads. 

Check whether the axle is central by measuring 

the distance between the sprayer frame and the 

inner face of each tyre. This should be equal on 

each side. If necessary adjust the turnbuckles to 

centralise the axle. 

Position the centre bar connecting the two axle 

halves so the lug marking its centre is midway 

between the inner ends of the axle halves. This will 

ensure the bar is inserted equally into each axle. 

When the required track width has been set and 

the axle is centralised, tighten the locknut on each 

turnbuckle. Tighten the nuts on the U-bolts then 

tighten the 16 lock-bolts securing the axle halves 

to the centre bar. Recheck to ensure that all 

hardware is securely tightened. 

Raise each side of the sprayer in turn with the jack, 

remove the support stand and lower the sprayer. 

Note: U bolts are shown fully unscrewed and 

axle lowered for clarity of the illustration only. 

U bolts should only be loosened to adjust axle. 

Sprayer Frame 

Disconnect the sprayer from the tractor and 

support it at the front on the folding support stand. 

Lift each side of the sprayer in turn with an 

hydraulic jack and lower it onto a steel support 

stand placed under the main frame so that the tyre 

on each side is just clear of the surface. 

Ensure the support stands are of the same height 

and capable of safely supporting the weight of the 

sprayer (see Specifications page). Do not work on 

the sprayer whilst only supported by the jack. 

Loosen the 16 square headed lock-screws that 

clamp the right and left axle halves to the centre 

bar. On each axle half, there are four screws on 

the underside and four on the rear face. 

Turnbuckle 

Lock Nut 

Axle Half 

Centre Bar 

Square Headed 

Lock-screws 

ADJUSTING THE AXLE TRACK WIDTH 

U bolts 

13

Installation 

Matching the Hydraulic Motor to the Tractor 

Hydraulic Drive Model Only 

The sprayer pump motor is suitable for either an 

open centre or closed centre hydraulic system. 

Before operating the sprayer consult the tractor 

Operator’s Manual to determine the type of 

hydraulic system and its flow rate. 

Depending upon the type of tractor system it may 

be necessary to regulate the hydraulic oil flow to 

the sprayer motor by installing a metering orifice in 

the pressure port or by opening the by-pass screw. 

If the motor requires either of these changes it will 

be necessary to check the performance by test 

running the sprayer with water. Refer to the 

Operation section for information on filling the tank 

and running the sprayer. 

Motor Flow Metering Orifice 

No orifice is fitted to the motor as shipped from the 

factory. Three sizes of orifice are supplied loose 

with the sprayer. To install or remove an orifice: 

1. Disconnect the hose at the pressure port. 

2. Remove the port adaptor using a 1 1 / 16 ” wrench. 

3. To remove an orifice - tap out from the small 

end of the adaptor. 

4. To install an orifice - tap in from the large end of 

the adaptor. Ensure the O-ring is fitted. A snap 

is heard when the orifice is seated. 

Load Sensing Closed Center Systems 

Flow and pressure compensated or load sensing 

closed centre systems are fitted to many current 

tractors. Flow is adjustable by means of a control 

valve on the tractor. Once set the tractor maintains 

a constant flow of oil for a given pressure drop. 

Any variation in demand at the motor will cause a 

change in flow. Hence there is no need to restrict 

the flow or by-pass oil within the motor. 

For tractors with these systems no orifice is 

required in the pressure port adaptor (motor as 

delivered) but the by-pass screw should be fully 

closed and locked. 

Pressure Compensated Closed Centre Systems 

Pressure compensated closed centre systems use 

a variable displacement pump to deliver oil at a 

rate necessary to maintain the required pressure. 

The sprayer may be used without an orifice in the 

motor (as delivered) providing the pressure drop 

across the motor does not exceed 145 Bar (1800 

psi), measured with oil at operating temperature. 

If necessary the flow rate can be reduced by fitting 

a metering orifice in the motor. To determine the 

size required test run the system. Start with the 

smallest orifice. Raise the oil to operating 

temperature by running the motor with the by-pass 

screw open 3 turns for about 10 to 15 minutes. 

Centrifugal Pump 

Hydraulic 

Motor 

Pressure Port 

Adaptor 

Pump 

Priming Plug 

By-pass Screw 

HYDRAULIC MOTOR FLOW ADJUSTMENTS 

With the screw open the sprayer will not operate. 

When the oil has reached operating temperature 

fully close and lock the screw. 

With the boom switches “Off” set the sprayer 

pressure to 5.5 bar (80 psi) at the pressure relief 

valve. Open all boom valves with the cabin control 

and set the spraying pressure to 5.5 bar. 

If the required pressure cannot be maintained 

install a larger orifice or remove it altogether, until 

the sprayer can maintain the required pressure. 

Open Centre Systems 

In an open centre system the tractor delivers a 

constant oil flow at any given engine speed. If the 

pump delivers more oil than the sprayer motor can 

use a portion of the oil must be by-passed within 

the motor. The by-pass volume should be kept to a 

minimum to avoid unnecessary heat build up. 

If the flow rate is up to 38 l/min (8.3 Imperial GPM) 

no orifice is required in the pressure port (motor as 

delivered). Systems with a higher flow rate should 

be run at reduced engine speed to limit the flow or 

alternatively they may need an orifice installed. 

To adjust the by-pass flow, open the screw 2 1 / 2 

turns and tighten the lock nut. Run the tractor with 

hydraulic control in neutral for 10 to 15 minutes 

until the oil reaches operating temperature then 

engage the hydraulic control to start the sprayer. 

The cabin control boom switches should be “Off”. 

Set the system pressure to 5.5 bar (80 psi) using 

the pressure relief valve. Open all boom valves at 

cabin control and set spraying pressure to 5.5 bar. 

If the sprayer achieves 5.5 bar the motor by-pass 

setting is satisfactory. 

If the sprayer cannot achieve 5.5 bar close the bypass 

screw until this pressure is achieved. This 

reduces the volume of oil being by-passed and 

directs more to the motor drive. 

14



Drawbar 

Tension Spring 

and Chain 

Hitch Height 

Adjustment Holes 

and 

Attaching Bolts 

When the hitching set-up is correct, raise the 

sprayer with the tractor linkage, remove the locking 

pin from the folding support stand and swing the 

stand up to the transport position. Reinstall the pin 

in the upper hole and secure it with the ‘R’ clip. 

PTO Shaft 

Support Hook 

Sprayer 

TPL Frame 

Reversible 

Swivel Hitch 

SPRAYER HITCH AND SUPPORT STAND 

Locking Pin 

and 

‘R’ Clip 

Folding 

Support Stand 

Hitching to the Tractor 

The sprayer TPL (three point linkage) frame should 

be level when the sprayer main frame is horizontal 

and the tractor three point linkage is at a suitable 

operating height. The sprayer main frame is 

horizontal when supported by the folding leg on 

level ground. 

Connect the sprayer TPL frame to the tractor 

linkage using the linkage pins supplied with the 

sprayer. Set the tractor linkage to the required 

operating height. Adjust the height of the swivel 

hitch at the front of the sprayer so that the TPL 

frame is approximately level. 

The height of the sprayer hitch can be adjusted by 

removing the four attaching bolts and installing it in 

the high, mid or low position. The range of 

adjustment can be further extended by rotating the 

hitch whilst unbolted so that the tongue is either to 

the top or the bottom. Ensure that the attaching 

bolts are securely tightened. 

The length of the drawbar on the TPL frame should 

be adjusted so that the swivel hitch is 

approximately mid-way between the tractor rear 

axle and the sprayer axle to provide the best 

turning geometry. To adjust the length of the 

drawbar remove the two horizontal bolts and slide 

it to align with one of the three bolt positions. After 

adjusting re-install the bolts and securely tighten. 

The tension spring supports the TPL frame when it 

is disconnected from the tractor to facilitate 

hitching. The length of the chain should be set so 

that the TPL frame is approximately level when 

disconnected from the tractor. 

Connecting the PTO Shaft (PTO Model Only) 

The sprayer TPL frame should be set so the PTO 

shaft is approximately horizontal when attached to 

the tractor to minimise the joint angles. 

Clean and grease the splines on the tractor and 

sprayer PTO stub shafts and install the PTO shaft 

making sure that the spring loaded locking pins 

engage in the grooves of both stub shafts. 

Ensure that the tractor’s PTO shaft guard is 

attached to the tractor. 

The ‘U’ shaped hook on the sprayer TPL frame is 

used to support the PTO shaft when it is 

disconnected from the tractor. 

Note: Upon delivery of a new sprayer it is the 

selling dealer’s responsibility to install and set the 

PTO shaft to the correct length. The following 

information is provided for reference. 

The telescoping tubes must overlap by at least 1/3 

their length, but not less than 150mm, in all 

possible operating positions and there must be at 

least 25mm telescopic movement remaining at the 

minimum operating length, refer diagram below. 

If the PTO shaft has to be shortened cut equal 

amounts from both male and female shafts and 

safety covers. Carefully remove all burrs then 

clean and relubricate before reassembling. 

PTO SHAFT LENGTH 

15


Connecting Hydraulic Hoses 

Relieve all hydraulic pressure 

before connecting or disconnecting 

hoses. Oil escaping under pressure 

can penetrate skin, causing serious 

injury. Seek immediate medical 

treatment if injured by escaping oil. 

When attaching or removing hydraulic hoses 

ensure that the quick release connections are 

clean to avoid contaminating the system. 

Ensure that the hoses are well supported and clear 

of the tractor wheels. 

Hydraulic Drive Model 

A pair of 1/2’’ diameter hoses are used to drive the 

spray pump motor. The pressure hose is identified 

with a red tag. Plug the hoses into the tractor 

remote outlets with the pressure and return hoses 

in the corresponding tractor sockets. 

The tank (out) adaptor of the hydraulic motor 

incorporates a check valve which guards against 

reverse operation if the hoses are inadvertently 

connected in the opposite manner. It also allows 

the flow from the tractor to be reversed (if 

necessary to operate other equipment, which may 

be attached) without the risk of damaging the 

sprayer. This adaptor must not be removed. 

Spray Boom Hoses 

Pressure hoses should be identified with a red tag 

or some similar method so they can be connected 

to a pressure outlet of the tractor. If the boom 

hoses are connected in the opposite manner no 

damage will be done to the boom or hydraulic 

components but the tractor control will work in the 

reverse direction. For safety reasons it is therefore 

important to always connect the boom hoses to the 

correct sockets. 

Booms supplied by Silvan can be fitted with an 

optional electric over hydraulic control unit which 

enables the lift and fold functions (and tilt if 

applicable) to be operated by a single pair of 

hydraulic hoses. 

If an electric over hydraulic control is not fitted a 

pair of remote outlets is required for each boom 

function. A tap is located on the end of the lift 

pressure hose to facilitate connection and 

disconnection. It should be turned off before 

removing the hose. Failure to do this will result in 

excessive pressure build up in the hose making it 

difficult to reconnect the hose. Ensure the tap is 

open before operating the boom. 

Connecting Electrical Looms 

Connect the electrical looms for the cabin controls. 

A different type of coupling is used for each system 

to avoid confusion. 

Ensure that the looms are well supported to avoid 

chafing and that they are clear of the tractor 

wheels when turning. 

Silvamatic Spray Controller Plug the quick 

release coupling on the tractor electrical loom into 

the socket of the sprayer loom. 

Connect the threaded couplings on the ends of the 

tractor and sprayer pressure hoses and tighten 

securely. 

Farmscan Spray Controller Remove the threaded 

end caps from each section of the loom and plug 

the two ends together, noting the position of the 

indexing lug, then tighten the screw coupling. 

When disconnecting ensure that the screw caps 

are refitted to each section of the loom to avoid 

damage or contamination of the connecting pins. 

Electric Over Hydraulic Boom Controls Plug the 

multi-pin quick release coupling on the tractor 

electrical loom into the socket of the sprayer loom. 

16

Operation 

Bottom Fill 

Filter 

Optional 

Fill Meter 

Bottom Fill 

Valve 

FILLING CONTROL PANEL 

Bottom Fill 

Connection 

Filling the Main Tank using Bottom Connection 

The main tank can be filled through either the top 

or bottom but the recommended method is through 

the bottom fill connection, which is more convenient 

and prevents chemicals frothing. 

Before filling, first check that the red handle of the 

tank drain valve is turned to the “Pump” position. 

The drain valve is located under the LH rear of the 

sprayer if a front mounted boom is fitted and the 

RH front of the sprayer if a rear boom is fitted. 

Open the bottom fill valve underneath the filling 

control panel by moving the red handle to “Main 

Tank Fill “. The fill panel is at the RH rear of front 

boom sprayers and LH front of rear boom models. 

Remove the dust cap and connect the filling hose 

to the bottom fill connection on the filling control 

panel. Then turn on the water supply. 

When filling is complete, shut off the supply and 

close the bottom fill valve by moving it to “Off”. 

Disconnect the hose and replace the dust cap. 

The red ball in the sight gauge indicates the level 

of liquid in the tank. The volume can be read from 

the litre scale. The gauge is visible from the tractor 

so the content can be observed whilst spraying. 

If an optional digital fill meter is fitted it will indicate 

the volume added to the tank through the bottom 

fill connection, refer Optional Equipment section. 

Using the Main Tank Top Filler 

If filling the tank through the top use the folding 

steps to gain access to the sprayer platform. The 

steps are secured in the transport position by a 

safety latch. 

Fill the tank through the inner screw cap. The outer 

cap is for access to the basket strainer or for 

inspection purposes (but under no circumstances 

enter the tank). 

After filling the tank fold the steps up to the 

transport position and secure with the safety latch 

before moving the sprayer. 

Bottom Fill Filter 

The high volume bottom fill filter is capable of 

handling a flow of 180 litres per minute. It should 

be checked regularly and cleaned if necessary. 

The standard element is 50 mesh but elements of 

32 and 80 mesh are also available. 

The filter is located on the filling control panel and 

can be removed by unscrewing the black plastic 

ring and removing the cover. Ensure the bottom fill 

valve is in the “Off’ position before removing the 

filter. 

Filling the Flushing Tanks 

The flushing tanks provide a convenient water 

supply for flushing the pump, valves, spray lines 

and nozzles with water whilst still in the paddock. 

This should be done whenever spraying is stopped 

for any length of time to avoid chemical sediment 

blocking the nozzles or accumulating in the lines or 

working parts. 

The flushing tanks should be filled with water at the 

same time as the main tank. The most convenient 

method is through the bottom fill system, which 

also utilises the high volume filter and the optional 

digital fill meter, if fitted. 

The procedure for filling the flushing tanks is the 

same as for the main tank except the bottom fill 

valve is positioned to “Flush Tank Fill”. 

The flushing tanks can also be filled through the 

top using the screw lids. The folding steps provide 

safe access for top filling. After filling ensure that 

the steps are folded up to the transport position 

and the latch secured before moving the sprayer. 

Fresh Water Tank 

The 14 litre fresh water tank is located at the LH 

front of the sprayer above the pressure control 

panel. The discharge tap is located at the front of 

the tank. 

The tank can be filled through the discharge outlet, 

which is fitted with a ½” hose snap coupling and a 

protective cover. The tap must be opened when 

filling through the discharge outlet. 

This tank is intended to provide water for personal 

washing purposes only. 

Under no circumstances should water in the fresh 

water tank ever be used for drinking. 

17

Operation 

System 

Pressure 

Regulator 

Suction 

Filter 

System 

Pressure 

Gauge 

Silmix 

Valve 

Tank 

Rinse 

Valve 

PRESSURE CONTROL PANEL 

Agitator 

Valve 

Suction 

Valve 

Suction Filter 

The suction filter should be cleaned after each tank 

of chemical mixture is emptied. This routine 

ensures it is ready for the next filling. 

The filter is located on the pressure control panel 

at the LH front of the sprayer. It can be removed by 

unscrewing the black plastic ring and removing the 

cover. Before removing the filter, turn the suction 

valve to “Off”. This prevents liquid draining from 

the tank when the element is removed. After 

reinstalling the element turn the suction valve to 

“Main Tank”. Refer to the Maintenance section for 

filter cleaning information. 

Starting the Sprayer for the First Time 

When starting the sprayer for the first time conduct 

a trial run using water only (no chemicals) to 

familiarise with the operation of the controls and to 

check that all systems are functioning correctly 

without any leakage. Fill the tank through the 

bottom fill for the start up run. 

To allow liquid to flow from the tank, switch the 

suction valve to “Main Tank” at the pressure 

control panel. 

On the hydraulic drive model also open the agitator 

and tank rinse valves on the pressure control panel 

to assist the initial priming of the pump by purging 

air from the system. 

The sprayer should be started in by-pass mode 

with the cabin controls set so that the boom will not 

operate. The starting procedure differs depending 

upon the type of controls fitted. 

Silvamatic Controls 

1. Initial Start-up 

At the cabin control, refer diagram on page 12, turn 

the master switch “Off” and close all boom 

switches. Hold the pressure toggle switch down for 

a few seconds to fully open the pressure regulating 

valve The electric motor will wind the valve open 

until stopped by the limit switch. No damage will 

occur if the switch is held on. 

At the sprayer pressure control panel, fully open 

the system pressure regulator by screwing it anticlockwise 

to the end of its travel. 

Start the tractor, run the engine slowly and engage 

the PTO, or on the Hydraulic Drive Model open the 

remote hydraulic flow from the tractor. Once the 

pump is primed, gradually increase engine speed 

to 540 PTO rpm. 

At the cabin control, set the master switch “On” 

then progressively increase pressure with the 

pressure toggle switch whilst observing the gauge. 

Raising the switch increases pressure and 

lowering it decreases pressure. For the initial trial 

set the pressure to the upper end of the range to 

be used for spraying. 

Move all boom section switches to “On” and check 

that all sections are spraying. 

At the sprayer pressure control panel, set the 

maximum system pressure by screwing the knob 

of pressure regulator and observing the pressure 

gauge on the panel. Turning the knob clockwise 

increases pressure and turning it anti-clockwise 

decreases pressure. Set the system pressure 

higher than that which will be used for spraying but 

below the maximum allowable safe working 

pressure of 20 Bar. 

Spraying is normally carried out in the range of 2 to 

4 Bar but the maximum system pressure should be 

set at least 50% higher so the proportional 

pressure regulator can maintain a constant 

application rate if travel speed changes whilst 

spraying. The system maintains a uniform 

application rate for speed changes of plus or minus 

15%, providing the tractor remains in the same 

drive gear. 

With the switch on the cabin control, adjust the 

pressure to that which is required for spraying. 

Refer to the section on Calibrating the Sprayer for 

information on spraying rates and pressures. 

The pressure compensators on the boom section 

valves can now be adjusted. 

18

Operation 

To increase pressure turn 

knob clockwise. 

To decrease pressure turn 

anti-clockwise. 

ADJUSTING PRESSURE COMPENSATORS 

Silvamatic Controls 

2. Setting the Pressure Compensators 

The pressure compensators ensure that spraying 

pressure remains constant when one or more 

boom section is closed or opened during spraying 

operations. 

At the cabin control, close No.1 section valve with 

its switch and observe the pressure gauge. At the 

valve block, at the centre of the front crossmember 

of the sprayer frame, adjust the red knob 

on the side of No.1 valve until the pressure is 

restored to the original setting. Screwing the knob 

clockwise raises the pressure and screwing it anticlockwise 

lowers pressure. 

Open and close the section valve several times 

whilst observing whether the pressure remains 

constant and adjust the compensator if necessary. 

Repeat with each section valve in turn and when 

all compensators have been adjusted make a final 

check by opening and closing each valve in turn 

and observing whether the pressure remains 

constant. Re-adjust the compensators if necessary 

until each valve can be opened or closed without 

any change in system pressure. 

Once correctly set the compensators will not 

require adjustment if the spraying pressure is 

changed. 

With the sprayer running at operating pressure and 

with all boom sections open, check for any leaks 

and tighten hoses as required. 

Chemicals can now be added to the system. 

3. Regular Operation 

After the initial trials the following procedure can be 

used for regular operation of the Silvamatic 

controls. 

1. Set the suction valve to “Main Tank”. The rinse 

and agitator valves should be closed. Set the 

master switch of the cabin control to “Off” and 

close all boom switches. 

2. Start the sprayer and set the manual pressure 

regulator to the required maximum system 

pressure. 

3. Turn the master switch “On” and set the 

required spraying pressure with the pressure 

switch. 

4. Open and close each boom section switch and 

check that pressure remains constant. If 

necessary adjust the pressure compensators as 

previously described. 

5. To commence spraying open the required 

boom sections with their control switches. 

Spraying may then be stopped and started using 

the master switch, so as to maintain the required 

boom configuration. 

Farmscan Primo 400 Controller – Optional 

1. Initial Start-up 

On the cabin spray controller, turn the “Master” 

switch off and set all boom switches to the closed 

position, refer drawing on page 12. 

The sprayer should be initially started without 

pressure in the system. Switch on the computer 

section of the controller, set the unit to manual 

control and set the spraying pressure to zero. 

Depress the down button for a few seconds to 

ensure the electric pressure regulating valve is 

fully opened. The motor will wind the valve open 

until stopped by its limit switch. Refer to the 

Farmscan Operator’s Manual for information on 

regulating the pressure. 

At the sprayer pressure control panel, open the 

manual pressure regulator fully by screwing the 

knob anti-clockwise to the end of its travel. 

Engage the PTO, or on the Hydraulic Drive Model 

open the remote hydraulic flow from the tractor, 

and allow the sprayer to run in by-pass mode for a 

few minutes. Once it is running satisfactorily the 

operating speed can be increased. 

Set the controller display to “Pressure” and 

progressively increase pressure. For the initial trial 

set the pressure to the upper end of the range to 

be used for spraying. 

Switch all boom sections on and check that all are 

spraying. 

19

Operation 

At the sprayer pressure control panel, set the 

maximum system pressure with the regulator while 

observing the pressure gauge. Turning clockwise 

increases pressure and turning anti-clockwise 

decreases pressure. Set the system pressure 

higher than that to be used for spraying but below 

the maximum safe working pressure of 20 Bar. 

Spraying is normally carried out in the range of 2 to 

4 Bar but the maximum system pressure should be 

set at least 50% higher so that the pressure 

regulator can function correctly. 

With the cabin spray controller, adjust the 

application rate to that required for spraying. Refer 

to the Calibrating the Sprayer section for 

information on spraying rates and pressures. 

2. Starting Procedure for Regular Operation 

After the initial trials the following starting 

procedure can be used for regular spraying using 

the Farmscan controller. 

1. Set the suction valve to “Main Tank”. The rinse 

and agitator valves should be closed. 

2. Set the cabin spray controller power switch to 

‘on’ and the master switch to ‘off’ and close all 

boom switches. 

3. Start the sprayer. 

4. Set the manual pressure regulator to the 

required maximum system pressure. 

5. Set the required application rate with the cabin 

spray controller. 

6. Set the cabin spray controller master switch on 

and open and close each boom section to 

check that it is functioning. 

7. To commence spraying open the required 

boom sections with their control switches. 

8. Spraying may then be stopped and started 

using the master switch on the cabin spray 

controller, so as to maintain the required boom 

configuration. 

Pump Operating Speed 

Under most spraying conditions the sprayer can be 

operated at less than the maximum pump speed of 

540 rpm. 

The tractor engine speed can be reduced under 

most conditions to save fuel and unnecessary 

wear. The speed chosen should ensure that the 

pressure set at the relief valve can be maintained 

when all boom sections are operating, so that fluid 

is by-passed to the tank to maintain agitation. 

The hydraulic flow available from most tractors at 

rated engine speed exceeds the requirements of 

the hydraulic drive model. If the tractor is fitted with 

a load sensing hydraulic system with a variable 

flow control this can be used to reduce the rate. 

Adding Chemicals 

Before adding chemicals read and 

follow the chemical manufacturer's 

instructions and wear the 

recommended protective clothing. 

Chemicals can be added to the tank through the 

top opening or more safely and conveniently 

through the Silmix inductor. 

The Silmix is ideal for adding and thoroughly 

mixing powdered or granulated chemicals and is 

fitted with a probe for inducting liquid chemicals. 

Before adding any chemicals fill the tank with 

approximately 600 litres of water. 

Switch the suction valve to “Main Tank” and run 

the sprayer to circulate the mixture whilst 

chemicals are being added. Ensure the boom 

sections are switched off so that the pump output 

will be by-passed at the relief valve and returned to 

the tank to mix the solution. The venturi agitator 

can also be switched on to improve the mixing of 

the solution. 

When all chemical has been added, continue filling 

the main tank with water and keep the sprayer 

running to thoroughly mix the solution. 

Take care to avoid the spillage of chemicals or 

mixed solution. Wear gloves, eye protection and 

the recommended protective clothing whilst filling 

with chemicals. Wash your hands after filling if they 

have come into contact with concentrate or mixed 

solution. 

Store unused chemicals and dispose of empty 

chemical containers as recommended by the 

chemical manufacturer or relevant authority. 

Adding Chemicals through the Top Opening 

If adding chemicals through the top opening use 

the folding steps to access the sprayer platform. 

When adding liquid chemical remove the inner 

screw lid and use the basket strainer. If adding 

powdered chemical remove the outer section of 

the screw lid and remove the basket strainer. 

20

Operation 

Empty Valve 

open 

Knife Valve 

SILMIX CHEMICAL INDUCTOR 

In lowered position 

Empty Valve 

Powder Washer 

Valve 

Drum Rinser 

Valve 

Adding Chemicals with the Silmix 

The Silmix operates through an adjustable 50 mm 

venturi inductor connected to a pressure hose from 

the sprayer pump. Chemicals are transferred from 

the hopper to the bottom of the main tank with the 

sprayer running to recirculate and thoroughly mix 

the solution. 

The 60 litre hopper has a hinged lid with a rubber 

catch and includes a mesh grate to prevent 

blockages from large particles. The knife valve 

beneath the hopper is opened by pulling the 

handle out when the Silmix is to be used and 

closed after use. 

The hopper is mounted on a linkage incorporating 

adjustable support springs that enable it to be 

easily lowered to a convenient height for use, or 

raised to provide clearance while spraying. The 

linkage is secured by a safety latch, which must be 

lifted before lowering and reset when raised. 

To operate the Silmix first open the “On/Off” valve 

on the sprayer pressure control panel. The three 

valves on the hopper then control Silmix functions. 

The “Empty” valve directs high pressure fluid to the 

venturi to draw chemicals from the hopper into the 

tank. It should also be open when the “Powder 

Wash” or “Drum Rinse” valves are in use. 

The ”Powder Wash“ valve directs pressurised fluid 

to the hopper spraybars to mix powdered 

chemicals or to rinse the hopper after use. 

The “Drum Rinse“ valve sprays pressurised fluid 

through a rotating nozzle to wash empty chemical 

drums that are inverted over the nozzle. 

When all chemicals have been added close the 

Silmix “On/Off” valve and the knife valve. 

Knife Valve 

closed 

SILMIX CHEMICAL FILLING PROBE 

Silmix in raised position. 

Probe Valve 

Continue the water filling process with the sprayer 

running in by-pass to thoroughly mix the solution. 

When completed lift the Silmix and apply the safety 

latch before moving the sprayer. 

Using the Silmix Probe 

Liquid chemical may be transferred to the main 

tank via the Silmix using the inductor probe. The 

original container can be used or a measured 

amount of chemical can be decanted into a 

suitable container. 

With the sprayer running in by-pass mode close 

the knife valve, open the “On/Off” valve on the 

sprayer control panel and open the “Empty” valve. 

Place the probe in the container and open its valve 

by turning the handle to align with the probe. 

Chemical will be drawn from the container and 

transferred to the tank. When the container is 

empty, shut the probe valve and place the probe in 

its transport holder. Close the Silmix tap on the 

sprayer pressure control panel. 

Continue the water filling process with the sprayer 

running to thoroughly mix the solution. Before 

spraying ensure the probe valve is fully closed. 

Venturi Agitator 

The venturi agitator provides additional mixing of 

the solution within the main tank over that created 

by the fluid by-passed from the relief valve. It is 

operated by the Agitator valve on the pressure 

control panel. Turning the valve on directs 

pressurised fluid from the pump to a venturi jet in 

the rear of the main tank. The pressure drop 

caused by the fluid passing through the venturi 

draws solution from within the tank and entrains it 

with the discharge from the jet. This keeps the 

solution circulating within the tank and prevents 

chemicals from settling. 

21

Operation 

The agitator should be on during normal operation. 

The amount of agitation is determined by the 

speed at which the pump is driven as any solution 

that is not required at the spray boom will be 

recirculated through the agitator circuit. 

The extent of agitation should be observed through 

the tank top opening to ensure it is adequate but 

frothing is not occurring. As the tank nears empty it 

may be necessary to close the agitator to prevent 

excessive frothing of the remaining solution. 

Stopping the Sprayer Pump (Hydraulic Model) 

The standard spool valves of tractor hydraulic 

systems can cause potentially damaging high peak 

pressures when being closed because of the 

abrupt shut-off of oil flow in both the supply and 

return lines. When shutting the sprayer down, 

move the tractor hydraulic selector to the “Float” 

position to allow the motor and pump to come to a 

gradual stop. 

Draining the Tank 

Before draining the main tank ensure that any 

chemical residue will not be discharged into, or 

near, a prohibited area or an environmentally 

sensitive location. If necessary drain chemical 

residue into containers for disposal. 

To drain the tank, turn the red handle of the drain 

valve to the “Drain” position. After draining close 

the valve by turning the handle to the “Pump” 

position. 

The drain valve is located under the LH rear of the 

sprayer if fitted with a front mounted boom, or 

under the RH front if fitted with a rear boom. 

Flushing the System 

The flushing tank can be used to provide the water 

supply for purging the system. At the end of each 

day switch the suction valve to “Flush Tank’ and 

run clean water through the pump and the lines to 

purge them of any chemicals. 

Rinse the main tank out thoroughly to remove all 

powdered material. Never leave chemicals in the 

tank that may settle to the bottom, harden and 

break into lumps as this may block the suction 

filter. The interior of the tank can be washed by 

operating the “Tank Rinse” valve on the pressure 

control panel. This directs pressurised clean water 

to rotating rinse jet in the top of the tank. 

When flushing the tank with water leave the drain 

valve open until uncontaminated water runs 

through the valve. 

On some booms supplied for the RowKING the 

flushing of boom lines and spraybars can be 

assisted by opening the taps at either end of each 

spraybar. After closing the taps flush the boom 

again to ensure all nozzles are cleared and 

spraying correctly. 

Road Travel 

When towing the sprayer on a public road always 

ensure that it is equipped with all the necessary 

lights and signs to comply with local regulations. 

Travel at slow speed and only with the main tank 

empty. When all tanks are full the weight of the 

sprayer could overload the braking capability of the 

tractor and result in an accident. 

Ensure that the spray boom is correctly folded and 

secured with transport locks or safety chains. 

The master switch of the Silvamatic or Farmscan 

controller should be switched off to avoid 

inadvertent operation of the boom nozzles. 

If electric over hydraulic controls are fitted make 

sure that the master switch is off to prevent 

accidental unfolding or lowering. 

Check that the Silmix hopper is in the raised 

position with the safety lock secured and that the 

probe is securely installed in its holder. 

Check that the sprayer access steps are raised 

and secured with the latch. 

22

Operation 

Spray Boom Operation 

The RowKING sprayer is normally fitted with a 

Silvan RowMASTER Vegetable Boom of 12 or 15 

metre width. Field operation of the boom is 

described below. Refer to the Boom Operators 

Manual for information on boom safety, 

specifications, adjustment and maintenance. 

The standard method of boom control is by three 

sets of remote outlets on front mounted booms and 

two sets on rear mounted booms, using the tractor 

levers for the lifting and folding operations 

If optional electric-over-hydraulic controls are fitted 

only one set of remote hydraulics is required. 

Lifting and folding is controlled by the switches on 

the cabin box. Three bank controls are needed for 

lifting and folding and five bank if the optional outer 

wing fold or individual wing tilt is fitted. 

Left Tilt 

Main Fold 

Right Tilt 

Outer Fold 

Lift Switch 

Spare 

Switches 

Foam 

Marker 

Switch 

Master 

On/Off 

Switch 

ELECTRIC OVER HYDRAULIC BOOM CONTROL BOX 

Electric-Over-Hydraulic Boom Controls 

Silvan electric-over-hydraulic controls enable all 

operations to be controlled by one set of tractor 

remotes. The lift and fold functions and optional tilt 

function, if fitted, are selected by using the 

switches of the cabin control to operate solenoid 

valves on the sprayer that connect the appropriate 

hydraulic circuit. 

The control box also incorporates a Master On/Off 

switch and a 3-position switch for the optional foam 

marker. Two vacant switches are available for 

connecting other equipment and the system is 

protected by a 10 amp fuse on the rear of the 

control box. 

To operate the boom, the lever controlling 

hydraulic flow to the remote outlet is set to the 

open position. The Master switch of the control box 

is set to “On” and all further boom movements are 

controlled by the switches on the control box. 

Raising or lowering the “Lift” switch raises or 

lowers the boom. Ensure that the hydraulic hoses 

are correctly connected so the boom moves in the 

same direction as the switch. The lift hose can be 

identified by the tap fitted at its end. 

The “Main Fold” switch folds or unfolds both 

sections of the boom. 

The “Outer Fold” switch folds only the outer section 

so that the boom can be used at reduced width. 

When this position is selected it is necessary to 

stop the outer section from spraying with the 

section switches on the Silvamatic control box or 

Farmscan controller. 

Folding and Unfolding the Boom 

Always ensure that the boom is folded or unfolded 

in a safe area where it will not foul on any other 

objects. Never fold or unfold near overhead power 

lines. Ensure that all bystanders are clear and 

sound the horn before moving the boom with the 

tractor hydraulics. 

The speed at which the boom folds or unfolds can 

be adjusted, refer to the Boom Operators Manual 

for details. 

Unfolding. The arms rest on a resilient pad in a 

support saddle on each side of the sprayer and are 

not held by any lock mechanism. Before unfolding, 

the boom must be raised so the arms can swing 

clear of the saddle as the unfolding action occurs. 

Use the “Main Fold” switch to unfold the arms. As 

the arms unfold the outer section will swing 

forward at the hinge, thus straightening the boom. 

The boom can now be lowered for operation by 

using the “Lift” switch. 

Folding 

To fold the boom, first raise it to full height to lock it 

in the level position by using the “Lift” switch. 

Use the “Main Fold” switch to slowly swing the 

arms back over the support saddles. As the arms 

swing back the outer section will fold back against 

the inner section. 

When the arms are fully folded use the “Lift” switch 

to lower them onto the support saddles. Lower the 

boom just sufficiently to rest fully on the saddles. 

Check that a spraybar nozzle is not too close to 

the saddle as it may be damaged as the boom 

slides back and forth on the saddle during 

transport over uneven ground. Raising or lowering 

the boom slightly whilst folded will alter the position 

of the nozzles relative to the saddle. 

23

Operation 

Setting the Boom Height 

Correct boom height is most important to achieve a 

uniform spraying pattern. The boom needs to be 

set at a height above the target, either the ground 

or the crop depending on the spraying operation, 

which will achieve 50% overlap of the spray from 

adjacent nozzles, refer to the section on 

Calibrating the Sprayer. 

To set the boom height use the “Lift” switch to 

raise or lower the boom to the required spraying 

height. To help judge boom height from the tractor 

a weighted cord can be attached to the boom at 

the hinge location on each side. 

Outer Section Break Back 

The outer arm fold incorporates a hydraulic valve 

which enables the outer section to break back if it 

contacts an obstacle whilst travelling. After clearing 

the obstacle, it is necessary to return the outer 

section to the working position by operating the 

boom “Outer Fold” switch of the electric-overhydraulic 

control box, or the tractor hydraulic 

control lever if electric-over-hydraulics are not 

fitted. 

The force required to fold the outer section back 

can be adjusted, refer to the Boom Operators 

manual for details. 

Outer Arm Fold 

This function enables the operating width of the 

boom to be reduced by hydraulically folding the 

outer sections back whilst keeping the inner 

sections in the operating position. Chemical flow to 

the folded section is stopped by selection of the 

appropriate switch on the spray controller. 

Do not fold the outer arms whilst moving as this 

may cause damage to the boom joints. 

Use the “Outer Fold” switch of the electric-overhydraulic 

controls to fold or unfold the outer 

section. 

For normal operations where the boom is required 

to be horizontal, the boom arms are set horizontal 

with the tilt cylinders. The boom will then self level 

to the horizontal position if disturbed. 

Spraybar Operation 

The selection and operation of the boom sections 

is controlled from the Silvamatic cabin controller or 

the optional Farmscan controller. The individual 

section switches activate electric solenoid valves 

on the sprayer that direct fluid to the selected 

sections. The Master switch controls the main 

solenoid valve that starts and stops fluid flow. 

On both the Silvamatic and the Farmscan 

controllers select the required spray boom sections 

with the individual switches. Once the pattern is 

set, spraying can then be started and stopped with 

the Master switch. 

Boom Tilt (Optional Equipment) 

The boom can pivot laterally and is self-levelling. 

When unsettled by travelling over a bump the 

boom pivots laterally and is brought back to its 

central position by tension springs each side of the 

central pivot bearing. An hydraulic damper at each 

side of the support structure damps the boom 

oscillations as the sprayer travels over undulating 

ground. 

Either side of the boom can be raised for clearing 

obstacles such as a check bank or fence line, or 

for operating on a sloping surface. 

To tilt either arm, or both arms, use the “Left Tilt” 

and/or “Right Tilt” switches of the control box. 

24

General Spraying Information 

When to Spray 

Results will be best when the wind speed is low, 

the temperature is low and the relative humidity is 

high. An ideal time is at sun up when these 

conditions are most likely to apply. 

Droplet Size 

Although more research is needed to define which 

is the optimum droplet size collected by particular 

targets, certain generalisations can be made. The 

trend with herbicides has been to apply large 

droplets (250 microns) to reduce the risk of drift but 

smaller droplets are often the most effective as 

shown by the following table. 

5 0 offset 

50 c m 

Spray height 

40 cm for 110 0 

50 cm for 80 0 50% overlap 

DROPLET SIZE 

COMMENTS 

BOOM SPRAY PATTERN 

Large 

(above 300 microns) 

Medium 

(150 - 300 microns) 

Small 

(below 250 microns) 

Poor coverage and poor 

penetration. 

Stripping or uneven deposit. 

Minimal drift. 

Coverage, deposit and 

penetration fair. 

Some drift. 

Good coverage and good 

penetration. 

Uniform application. 

Drift increased. 

Silvan has a range of standard flat fan nozzles 

designed for a normal operating pressure of 3.0 

bar. For larger droplets there is also a range of low 

pressure flat fan nozzles designed for a normal 

operating pressure of 1.0 bar. 

In general the following factors can be varied to 

change droplet size. 

• Reducing pressure increases droplet size. 

• Reducing the nozzle fan angle (from 110 0 to 

80 0 ) increases droplet size. 

• For an equivalent pressure and fan angle a 

larger size jet produces larger droplets. 

Nozzle Height and Spacing 

To achieve a uniform spray pattern without gaps 

the output from adjacent nozzles should overlap by 

50% at the point of contact with the surface being 

sprayed. 

The boom nozzles are spaced at 50 cm intervals 

and the nozzle caps are offset 5 0 to the axis of the 

spray line to avoid interference between adjacent 

spray fans. They can be supplied in either 110 0 or 

80 0 fan angle. 

The correct spray boom height to achieve 50% 

overlap is 40 cm for 110 0 nozzles and 50 cm for 

80 0 but a variation in the order of 5 to 8 cm can be 

accommodated without noticeable effect. 

The height referred to is the distance above the 

target which may be either the vegetation or the 

ground surface depending upon the operation. 

Application Rate 

The application rate depends on the following 

factors. 

• Speed of travel - increasing speed reduces 

application rate and vice versa. 

• Operating pressure - increasing pressure 

increases the application rate and reducing 

pressure decreases the rate. 

• Nozzle size - increasing the nozzle size 

increases the application rate. 

Ground Speed 

The ground speed read out on modern tractors will 

normally be sufficiently accurate for spraying 

purposes but if in doubt it should be checked by 

the following method. 

Measure and mark a distance of 100 metres. Fill 

the sprayer with water and engage the tractor 

hydraulic drive to the sprayer to simulate normal 

spraying conditions. Approach the starting mark at 

the required spraying speed and accurately 

measure the time in seconds to reach the finishing 

mark. The ground speed can then be calculated as 

follows. 

360 

Speed (km/hr) = 

Time in seconds for 100 m 

25


Nozzle Selection 

Refer to the chemical manufacturer’s information 

to determine the recommended application rate for 

your situation in litres per hectare (l/ha). Then 

determine the speed in kilometres per hour 

(km/hr) at which you intend to spray, taking into 

consideration the particular ground conditions. 

Using the chart below select the most appropriate 

nozzle to use at the normal recommended 

pressure of 3.0 bar. The Chart is also shown on a 

decal affixed to the pressure control panel of the 

sprayer. The leading digits in the nozzle number 

indicate whether it is an 80 0 or 110 0 fan angle and 

the last two digits refer to the size. Nozzles are 

colour coded for easy identification. 

For example a rate of 96 l/ha can be achieved at 

10 km/hr using 3.0 Bar pressure with an AXI 8002 

or AXI 11002 nozzle. The boom will have to be set 

to a different height depending on whether an 80 0 

or 110 0 nozzle is chosen. 

If the exact application rate does not appear in the 

chart it can be achieved by slightly adjusting the 

speed or pressure. For example, if a rate of 100 

l/min is required rather than 96 l/min, it can be 

achieved with the same nozzles by reducing the 

speed to approximately 9.5 km/hr or increasing 

pressure to approximately 3.2 Bar. 

Alternatively the required rate could also be 

achieved with an AXI 8003 or an AXI 11003 blue 

nozzle at 15 km/hr and 3.0 Bar (midway between 

rates shown for 14 and 16 km/hr). 

It can thus be seen that a variety of choices exist 

for most application rates and the final selection 

will depend upon the circumstances that best suit 

your conditions. 

After selection always perform a calibration check 

to confirm your nozzle choice - refer next page. 

SPRAY NOZZLE SELECTION CHART 

FAN TIP 

SPRAY 

APPLICATION RATE: LITRES PER HECTARE 

COLOUR & FILTER PRESSURE CAPACITY 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 

NUMBER BAR L/Min km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h 

1.0 0.30 66 51 41 34 29 26 23 20 19 17 16 15 14 

1.5 0.42 84 63 50 42 36 32 28 25 23 21 19 18 17 

GREEN 2.0 0.49 96 74 59 49 42 37 33 29 27 25 23 21 20 

AXI80015 100 2.5 0.55 110 82 66 55 47 41 37 33 30 27 25 23 22 

AXI110015 Mesh 3.0 0.60 120 90 72 60 51 45 40 36 33 30 28 26 24 

3.5 0.65 130 97 78 65 56 49 43 39 35 32 30 28 26 

4.0 0.69 139 104 83 69 59 52 46 42 38 35 32 30 28 

1.0 0.46 92 69 55 46 39 35 31 27 25 23 21 20 18 

1.5 0.57 114 86 68 57 49 42 37 34 31 28 26 24 23 

YELLOW 2.0 0.65 131 98 78 65 56 49 44 39 36 33 30 28 26 

AXI8002 100 2.5 0.73 143 110 88 73 63 55 49 44 40 37 34 31 29 

AXI11002 Mesh 3.0 0.80 160 120 96 80 69 60 53 48 44 40 37 34 32 

3.5 0.86 173 130 104 86 74 65 58 52 47 43 40 37 35 

4.0 0.92 185 139 111 92 79 69 62 55 50 46 43 40 37 

1.0 0.68 136 102 82 68 58 51 45 41 37 34 31 29 27 

1.5 0.85 170 128 102 85 73 64 57 51 46 42 39 36 34 

BLUE 2.0 0.98 196 147 118 98 84 74 65 59 53 49 45 42 39 

AXI8003 50 2.5 1.10 219 164 131 110 94 82 73 66 60 55 51 47 44 

AXI11003 Mesh 3.0 1.20 240 180 144 120 103 90 80 72 65 60 55 51 48 

3.5 1.30 259 194 156 130 111 97 86 78 71 65 60 56 52 

4.0 1.39 277 208 166 139 119 104 92 83 76 69 64 59 55 

1.0 0.91 182 137 109 91 78 68 61 54 49 45 42 40 36 

1.5 1.13 226 170 136 113 97 85 75 67 61 56 52 48 46 

RED 2.0 1.31 261 196 157 131 112 96 87 78 71 65 60 56 52 

AXI8004 50 2.5 1.46 292 219 175 146 125 110 97 88 80 73 67 63 58 

AXI11004 Mesh 3.0 1.60 320 240 192 160 137 120 107 96 87 80 74 69 64 

3.5 1.73 346 259 207 173 148 130 115 104 94 86 80 74 69 

4.0 1.85 369 277 222 185 158 139 123 111 101 92 85 79 74 

1.0 1.14 228 171 137 114 96 86 76 68 62 57 53 49 46 

1.5 1.41 282 212 169 141 121 106 94 84 77 70 65 60 56 

BROWN 2.0 1.63 326 245 196 163 140 122 109 98 89 82 75 70 65 

AXI8005 50 2.5 1.82 364 273 218 182 156 137 121 109 99 91 84 78 73 

AXI11005 Mesh 3.0 2.00 400 300 240 200 171 150 133 120 109 100 92 86 80 

3.5 2.16 432 324 259 216 185 162 144 130 118 108 100 93 86 

4.0 2.31 462 346 277 231 198 173 154 139 126 115 107 99 92 

26


Testing the Spray Pattern 

The overlap pattern of the boom and the spray 

pattern of individual nozzles can be tested in the 

following manner. 

1. Fill the sprayer tank with clean water and 

operate the boom at spraying pressure with the 

machine stationary. 

2. Examine the spray pattern from each nozzle 

against a dark background. Discard and replace 

any nozzles that show streaks or signs of 

blockage. 

3. Compare the nozzles by placing a container of 

equal size under each nozzle and run the 

sprayer for one minute. The water level in each 

jar should be the same. Any nozzles showing 

too much or too little output should be replaced 

until all are within plus or minus 10% of the 

datum. 

4. Set the boom height at the appropriate height 

above the ground for the spray nozzle angle, ie. 

40 cm for 80 0 nozzles and 50 cm for 110 0 

nozzles. Run the sprayer and check that the 

spray patterns from adjacent nozzles just meet 

as shown in the diagram on the previous page. 

Verifying the Calibration 

a) Nozzle Test 

After conducting the above tests to ensure the 

spray pattern is correct and the output from all 

nozzles is uniform, repeat the procedure at 3.0 bar 

and measure the amount of fluid collected in the 

container during one minute. The amount should 

agree with the flow rate shown in the Spray Nozzle 

Selection Chart on the previous page, for the 

particular nozzles fitted. 

If the volume collected is too low the operating 

pressure may be increased and the test repeated, 

alternatively if the volume is too high the pressure 

can be lowered. 

b) Boom Test 

1. Partly fill the sprayer tank with water and mark 

the level or refer to the sight gauge. 

2. Run the sprayer for several minutes with all 

booms sections operating and measure the 

time carefully. 

3. Refill the sprayer tank to the mark using a 

measuring jug and record the amount added. 

4. The average output for one nozzle in litres per 

minute can be calculated as follows. 

The output calculated should agree with the 

flow rate shown in the Spray Nozzle Selection 

Chart, for the particular nozzles fitted. 

5. If the nozzle output is lower than shown in the 

table the pressure may be increased and the 

test repeated or, if more than shown, the 

pressure may be reduced. 

Nozzle Care and Maintenance 

Nozzles are one of the most critical components in 

the spraying system and yet are often the most 

neglected. Worn or damaged nozzles result in over 

application of expensive chemicals, crop damage 

and environmental contamination. 

They should be examined and checked regularly to 

the method shown above. Replace nozzles that 

are not within 10% of the datum. 

Always keep a new nozzle available as a basis for 

comparison. 

Always keep a quantity of spare nozzles with the 

sprayer for immediate replacement in the field 

when necessary. 

Never attempt to clear a nozzle by blowing through 

by mouth and never remove stubborn deposits 

with a pin, wire or sharp instrument. 

Blocked nozzles should be soaked in clean, warm 

water with mild detergent added and carefully 

cleaned only with a soft brush or airline. 

It is recommended that nozzles are renewed once 

a year or at the first signs of deterioration, 

whichever occurs first. 

Nozzle output = 

Litres used 

No. nozzles x No. minutes 

27


The following optional equipment is normally 

factory fitted at the time of manufacture but can 

also be installed during the life of the sprayer. 

Contact your Silvan dealer for further information 

about installation during service life. 

Foam Marker 

The foam marker is used to identify the sprayed 

area. The system generates foam at the end of the 

boom from diluted foam solution and air, pumped 

separately through small bore hoses. This 

produces superior quality foam by avoiding the 

deterioration that can occur from heat and vibration 

when foam is pumped through long hoses. 

Diluted foam concentrate from a 100 litre tank is 

forced by air pressure to the boom. A needle valve 

is used to regulate the flow rate. The 12 volt 

compressor generates a large volume of air at low 

pressure. A safety valve is incorporated in case a 

hose is accidentally kinked or blocked. 

A selector switch on the control box or the electric 

over hydraulic boom control, if fitted, operates 

electric solenoid valves that direct air and foam 

solution to a foam generating chamber and 

dropper at either the left or right end of the boom. 

A mesh screen in the generator aids foam control. 

Full installation and operating details are given in 

the Operators Manual supplied with the unit. 

Lock Nut 

Filler Cap 

Fluid Flow 

Knob 

Pressure 

Relief Valve 

Left or Right 

Indicator Lights 

Left/Off/Right 

Selector Switch 

FOAM MARKER CABIN CONTROL 

Not used with Electric over Hydraulic Boom Controls 

Primo 400 Farmscan Spray Controller 

The controller can be fitted to automatically 

maintain the required chemical application rate to 

maximise spraying efficiency. It includes switches 

for a four section boom and can be set to cease 

spraying when speed falls below a selected figure. 

The unit monitors and displays a continuous digital 

read out of critical spraying information by means 

of a single function display that can be switched 

between a number of factors, including: 

• Application rate. 

• Flow rate. 

• Ground speed. 

• Area sprayed. 

• Distance travelled. 

• Chemical volume used. 

Full installation and operational details are given in 

the Operator’s Manual supplied with the controller. 

Digital Display 

Air Pressure 

Gauge 

Contents 

Sight 

Line 

Air 

Compressor 

Filter 

Boom 

Section 

Switches 

Foam 

Solution 

Tank 

Air Compressor 

Boom Master 

Switch 

Computer 

Power Switch 

FOAM MARKER 

FARMSCAN PRIMO 400 SPRAY CONTROLLER 

28


Hand 

Valve 

DIGITAL FILL METER 

Filling Control Panel 

Swivel 

Nozzle 

Solenoid 

Valve 

Manual Control Version 

Digital Fill Meter 

An Arag digital fill meter can be installed on the 

filling control panel to provide an accurate reading 

of the amount of water added to the main tank and 

flushing tank when using the bottom fill connection. 

The flow rate during filling can also be read. 

The readout unit is connected to a flow meter 

installed in the filling circuit of the sprayer and the 

system operates from a 12 volt power supply. The 

reading can be set for whole litres or to one 

decimal place. Operating instructions are supplied 

with the meter. 

Boom Fence Line Kit 

The fence line kit enables the sprayer to be 

positioned far enough away during the spraying of 

a fence line to avoid the risk of the boom 

contacting the fence. 

It uses and adjustable swivel nozzle holder that 

can be screwed into the end of the boom spray bar 

to direct chemical to the base of the fence. It is 

available either as a manual or electric unit. 

The manual version uses a hand operated on/off 

tap adjacent to the swivel nozzle to stop and start 

the flow. 

The electric version uses a solenoid valve to stop 

and start the flow so that the operation can be 

controlled from the tractor. The vacant switch on 

the cabin auxiliary control panel can be used as 

the valve switch. 

Swivel 

Nozzle 

Electric Control Version 

BOOM FENCE LINE KIT 

29


Start-up Inspection 

During the first few days of operation, before 

starting each day check that all hardware is tight, 

in particular the wheel bolts. Inspect for any leaks 

whilst running and tighten all hose clamps. 

PTO SHAFT LUBRICATION POINTS 

PTO Shaft 

Grease the PTO shaft with multi-purpose grease at 

the locations shown before starting for the first time 

and then at the intervals shown. This is the amount 

of lubrication recommended for normal operation. 

More frequent inspection and lubrication may be 

needed under very dusty conditions. 

Diaphragm Pump (PTO Model only) 

Check the oil level in the viewer daily and if 

necessary top up with SAE 20-40 multigrade 

engine oil. 

Filters 

Clean all filters daily or as stated below. More 

frequent cleaning may be found necessary 

depending upon circumstances. 

Check and, if necessary, clean the basket strainer 

under the tank lid before each top fill. 

Check and, if necessary, clean the bottom fill filter 

before each bottom fill. Unscrew the plastic ring to 

remove the element. The sprayer should be 

stopped with the fill valve closed (mid position). 

Always clean the suction filter after each tank of 

chemicals is emptied. Close the internal shut-off 

valve before removing the element by turning the 

yellow cap to the “Unlock” position. This prevents 

liquid draining from the tank when the element is 

removed. Unscrew the black plastic ring to remove 

the element. After replacing the element, reopen 

the shut-off valve by turning the yellow cap to the 

“Lock” position. 

The bottom fill and suction filters are both located 

on the sprayer control panel. The sprayer should 

be stopped before removing these filters. 

Purge the high pressure filter daily. It is located 

beneath the control panel and can be purged of 

accumulated foreign material by opening the tap 

with the black knob on its base whilst the sprayer 

is running. 

Also remove the bowl of the high pressure filter 

regularly to inspect and, if necessary, clean the 

element. Stop the sprayer before removing the 

bowl. 

The best method for cleaning filters is to wash 

them with a soft bristle brush. Check for any tears 

or holes and replace if damaged. Take care that 

the sealing ‘O’ ring is refitted. 

Tank and Spray Lines 

At the end of each day run clean water through the 

pump and lines to purge them of chemicals. Rinse 

out the tank to remove powdered material. 

Never leave chemicals in the tank that may settle 

to the bottom, harden and break into lumps as this 

may block the suction filter. Refer to the Operating 

section for information on draining the tank and 

flushing the system. 

Tyres 

Inspect the tyres regularly and keep inflated to the 

correct pressure. For 11.2 x 44 radial tyres the 

pressure is 45psi. 

Foam Marker (Optional Equipment) 

Foam Lines 

For efficient performance it is important to remove 

unused foam and foam solution from the system 

after each day’s use. 

Fully close the concentrate needle valve and fully 

open the water needle valve then run the marker 

system for several minutes until clean water runs 

from the dropper at each end of the boom. Operate 

the solenoid valve several times during this 

process to flush the fluid line to each end of the 

boom. 

Foam Marker Air Compressor Filter 

The filter on the compressor box should be 

checked each day and cleaned if necessary. 

Unscrew the filter cap and remove the paper 

element to check its condition. 

To clean the element blow the dust out using 

compressed air but do not exceed 50 psi air 

pressure. Replace the filter if it is damaged or 

unable to be cleaned satisfactorily. 

Reinstall the element in its holder and refit the cap 

securely. 

30


Annual Maintenance 

Inspection and Hardware 

At the end of each season carefully inspect the 

sprayer for any signs of damage, leakage or 

chemical corrosion. Rectify any items that are 

defective. 

Check that all bolts are tight. In particular check 

the tightness of the hitch bolts, wheel bolts, axle 

attaching U-bolts and the tank hold down straps. 

Do not over-tighten the tank strap bolts as this may 

distort the tank. 

Wheel Hubs 

Remove the hubs and check that the bearings are 

in good condition. Repack with multi-purpose 

grease as required. 

Adjust the bearings by tightening the axle nut, then 

backing it off approximately 1/6 turn before 

installing the cotter pin. Check that the hubs are 

free to rotate without any signs of end-play. 

Diaphragm Pump (PTO Model only) 

Refer to the pump Operator’s Manual supplied with 

the sprayer for all specifications. Generally note 

the following. 

Drain the oil from the diaphragm pump annually, or 

at the end of each spraying season, and refill with 

SAE 20-40 multigrade engine oil. 

Remove the pump heads, carefully inspect the 

diaphragms for wear and/or fractures and replace 

if necessary. Also check the inlet and outlet valves, 

seats and springs for wear, damage or chemical 

corrosion and replace as necessary. Complete 

service kits are available from your Silvan dealer. 

The pump is fitted with a surge chamber to smooth 

out the pulsations in fluid flow. It is located on top 

of the pump and the air pressure behind the 

diaphragm should be checked and, if necessary, 

set in accordance with the spraying pressure being 

used, as shown in the chart below. 

Adjust the pressure at the valve fitting on the 

chamber using a compressed air hose fitted with a 

tire valve connection and a reliable pressure 

gauge. 

Spraying Pressure (Bar) 2 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 20 

Surge Air Pressure (Bar) 2 2 - 5 5 - 7 

31

Notes 

32

SILVAN AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD. 

ABN 48 099 851 144 

www.silvanagcess.com 

VICTORIA (HEAD OFFICE) 

89 Lewis Rd. 

Wantirna South 3152 

Telephone: (03) 9887 2788 

Facsimile: (03) 9887 1035 

Spare Parts Facsimile: (03) 9887 1637 

QUEENSLAND 

44 Lysaght St. 

Acacia Ridge 4110 

Telephone: (07) 3345 9500 

Facsimile: (07) 3345 9511 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA 

12 Cressall Rd. 

Balcatta 6021 

Telephone: (08) 6241 0900 

Facsimile: (08) 9240 1832

Download Manual - Silvan Australia

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