Socio Political Thought Of Shah WaliAllah Rahmatullahi Alaihi

SECTION VIII
The Policy with Regard to Aides and
Lieutenants
55. Since the ruler does not have the ability to single-handedly achieve
these objectives of public policy, it is necessary that in respect of
every business of the state, he is assisted by some aides. Among
the qualifications of aides is their honesty and competence to carry
out what they are ordered, to be submissive to the ruler and to be
his well-wishers in public as well as in private. Whoever fails to
fulfil these conditions is liable to removal from his office. If the ruler
neglects his removal, he becomes guilty of treason to the state and
responsible for corruption in his system of government. The ruler
should not appoint aides from amongst those whose dismissal would
be difficult for him, or to whom he has any obligation for reasons
of lunship or otherwise on account of which their removal might be
disliked.
56. Moreover, the ruler should differentiate between his admirers. Some
of them'might admire him, either out of fear or self-interest. Such individuals
should be brought close through subtle means. There may
be other individuals who admire him for his own sake and consider
his gain and loss as their own. Such admirers are truly sincere. Every
human being has a peculiar natural disposition and is conditioned
by a particular behavioural pattern. Therefore, it is not advisable for
the ruler to expect from anyone what might be beyond his natural
capacity.
57. The aides are of various categories:
(i) Those who provide protection from the treachery of the enemies.
They are like the two hands in the human body that carry arms.