Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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New and Non-Borrowers 4.5091 2.40646 Houses with baked bricks Active Borrowers 70.1245 45.86648 .562 .574 New and Non-Borrowers 67.8030 46.81189 Houses with RCC Roof Active Borrowers 3.3195 17.95183 .715 .475 New and Non-Borrowers 2.2727 14.93158 Houses with Cemented Floor Active Borrowers 39.0041 48.87744 .347 .729 New and Non-Borrowers 37.5000 48.50424 Note: There are 241 and 265 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 6.2 SAFWCO – Economic Status Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Expenditure Per Capita Active Borrowers 897.1519 462.85240 2.359 .019 New and Non-Borrowers 808.2968 382.50595 Per Capita Food Expenditure Active Borrowers 422.9781 227.56572 .163 .870 New and Non-Borrowers 419.6744 227.05425 Income Per Capita Active Borrowers 1459.6046 2200.30022 1.812 .071 New and Non-Borrowers 1201.2761 693.41128 Household Asset Score Active Borrowers 6.41 2.579 .565 .572 New and Non-Borrowers 6.28 2.898 Value of household assets Active Borrowers 673113.7917 984810.32697 1.608 .108 New and Non-Borrowers 549799.9697 727450.14831 Note: There are 241 and 265respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. One of the unexpected and surprising results that we have found – Table 6.3 and A.6.2.9 – is that the proportion of School Going Children for Active Borrowers is lower than that for New and Non-Borrowers and that this difference between the two categories is significant. From Table 6.2.9, this difference seems to be more marked for Boys than for Girls, and if this is the case, one possible explanation could be that Boys are now being used as family labour, particularly in Livestock Management, an activity which is new for most clients. Table – 6.3 SAFWCO – Children’s Education Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level School Going Children % Active Borrowers 78.5690 27.12173 -2.019 .044 New and Non-Borrowers 84.1821 24.05542 11
School Going Children - Boys % Active Borrowers 83.0051 29.75190 -.688 .492 New and Non-Borrowers 85.3656 28.26594 School Going Children - Girls % Active Borrowers 55.8051 45.01595 -.013 .990 New and Non-Borrowers 55.8793 44.92048 Children going to Private School % Active Borrowers 15.7280 34.27120 .573 .567 New and Non-Borrowers 13.7733 31.43179 Monthly Expenditure on Education Active Borrowers 97.4425 238.51888 .050 .961 New and Non-Borrowers 96.1675 254.96930 Note: There are 241 and 265 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. There is not much substantial difference between our two categories owning Household Assets, with the only significant difference – Table 6.4 – being that Borrowers own more Gold (and have Beds with Foam mattresses). Table – 6.4 SAFWCO – Household Assets Ownership Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Own House Active Borrowers 96.2656 18.99989 -.743 .458 New and Non-Borrowers 97.7273 24.55972 Refrigerator Active Borrowers 17.8423 38.36654 -.099 .921 New and Non-Borrowers 18.1818 38.64272 Colour TV Active Borrowers 48.5477 50.08292 -.401 .689 New and Non-Borrowers 50.3788 52.32111 Motor Cycle Active Borrowers 14.1079 34.88273 .277 .782 New and Non-Borrowers 13.2576 33.97597 Washing Machine Active Borrowers 37.7593 48.57940 .318 .750 New and Non-Borrowers 36.3636 49.74876 Sewing Machine Active Borrowers 54.7718 49.87536 -.864 .388 New and Non-Borrowers 58.7121 52.32111 Bed with Foam Active Borrowers 9.9585 30.00691 2.113 .035 New and Non-Borrowers 4.9242 23.36668 Urban Property Active Borrowers 5.8091 25.15512 1.460 .145 New and Non-Borrowers 3.0303 17.17454 Gold Active Borrowers 49.7925 50.10363 2.647 .008 New and Non-Borrowers 37.8788 50.89362 Mobile phone Active Borrowers 25.3112 43.56995 1.406 .160 New and Non-Borrowers 20.0758 40.13279 Note: There are 241 and 265 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant at least at 90 percent level of significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. 12
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
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Term/D uration Loan size improveme
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Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
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Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
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Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
Page 109 and 110: Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 111 and 112: Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
Page 113 and 114: which also became the head office.
Page 115 and 116: problem of group lending is that me
Page 117 and 118: uy insurance, which covers the risk
Page 119 and 120: activities with other NGOs and Soci
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
Page 123 and 124: are also working on a marketing pla
Page 125 and 126: We first discuss results based on t
Page 127 and 128: New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
Page 129 and 130: Note: There are 160 and 180 respond
Page 131 and 132: From these results we can judge tha
Page 133 and 134: Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
Page 135 and 136: Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
Page 137 and 138: Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 139 and 140: Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 141 and 142: Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 149 and 150: Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
Page 151 and 152: in the contextual needs of the comm
Page 153 and 154: 6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
Page 157 and 158: management reveal the significance
Page 159: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 175 and 176: Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
Page 177 and 178: Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 187 and 188: Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
Page 189 and 190: incremental growth, it is emerging
Page 191 and 192: the purpose of the organization and
Page 193 and 194: Group loans are meant specifically
Page 195 and 196: Officer. If the Field Worker and Cr
Page 197 and 198: The worker’s degree of mobility d
Page 199 and 200: credit is disbursed to another woma
Page 201 and 202: Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
Page 203 and 204: Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
Page 205 and 206: A Single Difference equation is als
Page 208 and 209: Table 7.6: Regression results Young
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Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
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Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
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Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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to consider young unmarried clients
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influentials and people understand
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Client Profile Most of the women in
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Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
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Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
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Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
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Table - A. 7.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Do you operate Bank account in your
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Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
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No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
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Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
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Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
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Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
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Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
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Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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