Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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Table – 7.10 UPAP – Household Assets Ownership Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t- value Significance Level Own House Active Borrowers 78.4127 45.61003 1.604 .109 New and Non-Borrowers 72.7273 46.41870 Refrigerator Active Borrowers 36.8254 48.96461 -1.896 .058 New and Non-Borrowers 44.0771 50.26905 Colour TV Active Borrowers 76.5079 46.74632 .599 .549 New and Non-Borrowers 74.3802 45.56992 Motor Cycle Active Borrowers 12.6984 33.34850 -.906 .365 New and Non-Borrowers 15.1515 36.66583 Washing Active Borrowers Machine 67.6190 46.86728 .181 .856 Sewing Machine New and Non-Borrowers 66.9421 49.95318 Active Borrowers 72.3810 46.86728 -1.873 .061 New and Non-Borrowers 79.0634 45.84629 Bed with Foam Active Borrowers 27.3016 45.32987 1.638 .102 New and Non-Borrowers 21.7631 42.63657 Gold Active Borrowers 47.3016 53.09547 3.466 .001 New and Non-Borrowers 33.3333 51.67543 Mobile phone Active Borrowers 42.5397 50.15798 1.111 .267 New and Non-Borrowers 38.2920 49.24123 Note: There are 315 and 363 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant at least at 90 percent level of significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 7.11 UPAP – Business Assets Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t- value Significance Level Monthly Sale [Rs.] Active Borrowers 16159.68 18017.626 -.885 .376 New and Non- Borrowers 17661.71 25004.080 Value of Assets - Active Borrowers Shop/Workshop 11156.19 44093.032 -1.723 .085 New and Non- Borrowers 28298.90 171750.279 Machinery Active Borrowers 2132.06 7891.055 -2.385 .017 New and Non- Borrowers 4519.28 16168.329 Instruments Active Borrowers 1608.89 6266.196 -.911 .362 New and Non- Borrowers 2366.94 13556.640 Other Active Borrowers 4188.89 22578.879 2.134 .033 New and Non- Borrowers 1487.60 7888.063 25
Note: There are 315 and 363 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. The one category in which UPAP Active Borrowers have significantly better results, is that of Women’s Empowerment – Table 7.12, Tables A.7.4.16-21. In terms of Economic Empowerment and Income Empowerment, the difference is significant. Table – 7.12 UPAP – Women’s Empowerment Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Economic Empowerment Score out of 14 Active Borrowers 9.7567 2.94614 4.958 .000 New and Non-Borrowers 8.4840 3.05796 Income Empowerment Score out of 5 Active Borrowers 3.3333 1.55250 1.956 .051 New and Non-Borrowers 3.0720 1.56865 Assets Empowerment Score out of 8 Active Borrowers 1.4267 1.36044 .862 .389 New and Non-Borrowers 1.3280 1.30662 Empowerment Related with Education and Health Active Borrowers 6.7733 2.11744 .427 .670 Score out of 10 New and Non-Borrowers 6.7000 1.86545 Social Empowerment Score out of 10 Active Borrowers 4.4367 1.76153 -.373 .709 New and Non-Borrowers 4.4920 1.69867 Note: There are 315 and 363 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. The perceptions of Active Borrowers on the improvement in their Quality of Life based on the proportion of Active Borrowers who think their lives have improved on account of the loans – Tables A.7.4.26 – seem to be lower than for other MFIs. Even from those who are in their fourth loan cycle or beyond, only about 80 percent feel that their Quality of Life has improved, while the proportion of those who feel that they are eating better/more, is also on the lower side. 7.6 UPAP Regression Analysis There are weaknesses in using bivariate analysis, as we do above, since it does not allow us to examine the nature of the impact, and hence, we use multivariate regression analysis, which allows us to look at impact controlling for other related variables. These two sets of analysis also explain why we often get contradictory findings. The Difference in Differences (DID) impact model estimated for UPAP is 26
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
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Term/D uration Loan size improveme
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Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
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Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
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Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
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Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
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which also became the head office.
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problem of group lending is that me
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uy insurance, which covers the risk
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activities with other NGOs and Soci
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5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
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are also working on a marketing pla
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We first discuss results based on t
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New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
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From these results we can judge tha
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Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
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Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 5.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
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in the contextual needs of the comm
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6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
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Other filters related to the specif
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management reveal the significance
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have been chosen from ‘old/establ
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Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 175 and 176: Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
Page 177 and 178: Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 179 and 180: Table - A. 6.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 185 and 186: Table - A. 6.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 187 and 188: Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
Page 189 and 190: incremental growth, it is emerging
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Page 197 and 198: The worker’s degree of mobility d
Page 199 and 200: credit is disbursed to another woma
Page 201 and 202: Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
Page 203 and 204: Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
Page 205 and 206: A Single Difference equation is als
Page 208 and 209: Table 7.6: Regression results Young
Page 210 and 211: Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
Page 214 and 215: Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
Page 216 and 217: Table 1: Regression results Young B
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Page 222 and 223: Client Profile Most of the women in
Page 224 and 225: Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
Page 226 and 227: Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
Page 228 and 229: Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 230 and 231: Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
Page 234 and 235: Do you operate Bank account in your
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Page 238 and 239: No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
Page 240 and 241: Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
Page 242 and 243: Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
Page 244 and 245: Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
Page 246 and 247: Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
Page 248 and 249: Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
Page 250 and 251: Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
Page 252 and 253: Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
Page 254 and 255: Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
Page 256 and 257: Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
Page 258 and 259: were introduced at several levels a
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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___________________________________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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