CDE - SDC Climate Change and Environment Network
CDE - SDC Climate Change and Environment Network
CDE - SDC Climate Change and Environment Network
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Monitoring Desertification <strong>and</strong> SLM in Mongolia<br />
Quantitative <strong>and</strong> spatially explicit information as basis for<br />
monitoring of adaptation projects<br />
Hanspeter Liniger / Jürg Krauer <strong>CDE</strong><br />
Partners:<br />
EIC: <strong>Environment</strong>al Information Centre<br />
(Ministry of <strong>Environment</strong>,…)<br />
Geo-Institute: Academy of Sciences)<br />
Green Gold <strong>and</strong> Mongolian Society of Range<br />
Management<br />
USDA Agricultural Research Service/ Jornada<br />
ART Reckenholz Däniken<br />
<strong>CDE</strong><br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
<strong>Climate</strong> change Trends<br />
> Desertification a key issue for Mongolia: of national <strong>and</strong> local importance<br />
> <strong>Environment</strong>al, economic <strong>and</strong> social relevance<br />
> Pasture management the main problem.<br />
Secondary: forest <strong>and</strong> cropl<strong>and</strong> management<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Availability <strong>and</strong> quality of data /<br />
sharing data / collaboration …<br />
- Several assessment of desertification varying from: 30-90% of area<br />
affected / vulnerable method not clear instutional secret<br />
- Baseline maps: from Soviet times<br />
- Spatial resolution very low<br />
- Various institutions involved but weak exchange <strong>and</strong> harmonization of data<br />
(institutional competition, selling of data, various methodologies for same<br />
assessments, …)<br />
- Separation: those working at national level (1:1 mio scale) no field touch<br />
<strong>and</strong> those working at local / community level<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – Improving the Base Maps<br />
for monitoring in the field<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – Desertification assessment<br />
e.g. <strong>Change</strong> of Vegetation cover (2001-2011)<br />
Using MODIS data degradation & improvements<br />
MSc Thesis Elias Hodel, 2012<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – Tools for cross-scale applications<br />
MSc Thesis Elias Hodel, 2012
National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – Monitoring vegetation cover trend (2)<br />
MSc Thesis Elias Hodel, 2012<br />
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At the local level<br />
Practical<br />
Tools for<br />
Monitoring<br />
&<br />
Assessment<br />
of DLDD<br />
UNCCD COP10<br />
ars.usda.gov<br />
jornada.nmsu.edu
“Ecological potential based Rangel<strong>and</strong><br />
Health Monitoring <strong>and</strong> Assessment<br />
25 m<br />
Хөрсний<br />
зүсэлт<br />
50 м
Achievements:<br />
• Nationwide Rangel<strong>and</strong> Health Monitoring (RHM) in 2011: st<strong>and</strong>ardized methodology.<br />
• Trained local technicians <strong>and</strong> equipment available (Aimag level) .<br />
• National Database at the NAMHEM.<br />
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Core indicators of RHM:<br />
Vegetation<br />
• Photo point<br />
• LPI measurements<br />
• Foliar cover,<br />
• Species richness,<br />
• Basal cover,<br />
• Soil surface cover,<br />
• Bare soil.<br />
• Basal gap of perennials<br />
• Plant height<br />
• Biomass
What is the ecological potential<br />
Reference sites<br />
What type of degradation<br />
What level <strong>and</strong> extend of degradation<br />
Are they reversible<br />
What management should be recommended
Line-Point<br />
Intercept<br />
Height<br />
Maximum height in<br />
15 cm radius of point<br />
Gap<br />
Intercept<br />
Soil<br />
Stability Kit<br />
Database
Ecological Site Description (ESD)<br />
ESD parameters:<br />
L<strong>and</strong>form<br />
Aspect<br />
Slope<br />
Soil<br />
Vegetation<br />
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Impacts of LD <strong>and</strong> SLM!
“best practices” SLM knowledge<br />
World Overview of Conservation Approaches <strong>and</strong> Technologies<br />
SLM technology<br />
documented <strong>and</strong> presented in st<strong>and</strong>ardized WOCAT format<br />
SLM approach<br />
www.wocat.net<br />
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Grazing l<strong>and</strong> (Pasture)<br />
MONCAT<br />
www.wocat.net<br />
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Mapping L<strong>and</strong> Use, Degradation Conservation/SLM<br />
L<strong>and</strong> Use System (LUS)<br />
Type<br />
Area trend<br />
Intensity trend<br />
Degradation per LUS<br />
Type<br />
Extent (area)<br />
Degree<br />
Rate<br />
Impact on ecosystem<br />
services (type <strong>and</strong> level)<br />
Direct causes<br />
Indirect causes<br />
Recommendation<br />
Conservation/SLM per LUS<br />
Name / Group / Measure<br />
Extent (area)<br />
Effectiveness<br />
Effectiveness trend<br />
Impact on ecosystem<br />
services (type <strong>and</strong> level)<br />
Degradation addressed<br />
Source: WOCAT 2009 Questionnaire Mapping
National Desertifikation Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Khovt<br />
WOCAT-LADA mapping comparing with Remote Sensing<br />
Soum governor Ch<strong>and</strong>mana<br />
Support for Pasture User Groups<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Defining state of DLD unproductive species<br />
e.g. Artemisia asamsii<br />
16. Januar 2013<br />
MSc Thesis Nik Amacher, 2012<br />
120
National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape approach<br />
> Identifying the potential<br />
> Depends on where in l<strong>and</strong>scape<br />
Khovt<br />
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122<br />
National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Model to assess LD / Desertification (Pilot phase)<br />
Include 13 l<strong>and</strong>scape units (LSU) for assessment<br />
Criteria:<br />
• Slope (e.g. 4 categories) / rouhgness<br />
• Aspect<br />
• Altitude<br />
• Surface roughness<br />
Mountains / hilltops (+ Aspect E,N,W,S). >30%<br />
Footslopes (E,S,W,N): 8-30%<br />
Lower gentle slopes (E,S,W,N):<br />
2-8%<br />
Valley floors,<br />
Depressions
National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
Model to assess LD / Desertification (Pilot phase)<br />
L<strong>and</strong>scape Units: 13 123
National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
16. Januar 2013<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – to be done for all l<strong>and</strong> uses<br />
to assess state <strong>and</strong> trend (e.g. mining)<br />
L<strong>and</strong>sat TM: October 2000<br />
L<strong>and</strong>sat TM: Sept. 2010<br />
Digital Globe Imagery 2012<br />
MSc Thesis Elias Hodel, 2012<br />
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National Desertification Monitoring System NDMS Mongolia<br />
NDMS – L<strong>and</strong> degradation: forest cover change<br />
Imagery source:<br />
• L<strong>and</strong>sat TM5 2000/2010<br />
(single coverages)<br />
• TerraMODIS 2000-2010<br />
(daily coverage)<br />
<strong>CDE</strong>@<strong>SDC</strong>/UNCCD December 14, 2012<br />
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Training <strong>and</strong> Capacity building<br />
- University : Involving MSc <strong>and</strong> PhD<br />
- Courses<br />
- Mongolian key institutions: On the job<br />
high need <strong>and</strong> building national competence<br />
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Global<br />
Warming<br />
<br />
Global<br />
Warning!!!<br />
… about the<br />
use of data
Key messages: Monitoring of adaptations<br />
1. Continuous <strong>and</strong> accelerated “change” is a reality:<br />
drivers: climate, economy, society, ...<br />
consequence: adapting l<strong>and</strong> management in order to be sustainable<br />
2. Need for monitoring changes <strong>and</strong> impacts:<br />
local: through field assessment (on-site),<br />
regional (off-site) <strong>and</strong> national: remote sensing, national surveys)<br />
without good monitoring (field!) data no informed decision making<br />
3. St<strong>and</strong>ardized <strong>and</strong> harmonized methods/tools<br />
4. Improved collaboration: Institutions <strong>and</strong> projects<br />
5. Every l<strong>and</strong> use has specific monitoring requirements<br />
6. To assess degradation/desertification the potential needs to be known<br />
7. Supporting adaption, innovation <strong>and</strong> up-scaling of adaptation/SLM:<br />
based on local knowledge, innovative l<strong>and</strong> users, projects, research, …<br />
bring this knowledge together <strong>and</strong> use it for decision making.<br />
8. Involving students in projects has multiple benefits <strong>and</strong> is key to supporting<br />
adaptation <strong>and</strong> impact assessment <strong>and</strong> capacity development for the future<br />
9. Mongolia is a pilot country, more examples <strong>and</strong> a global approach is needed<br />
through UNCCD <strong>and</strong> UNFCCC<br />
10. More resources needed for monitoring <strong>and</strong> knowledge management<br />
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